Background: Although inconspicuously, female genital mutilation (FGM) continues to remain in Nigeria over time. Objective: This study aimed to throw more light on the traditional practice of FGM in the Osun State in Nigeria while recommending campaign methods and education as the best approaches to raise awareness about FGM risks. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 371 rural and urban women. A researcher-made and selfadministered questionnaire coupled with theoretical research were used to collect data on the andragogy for FGM. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, and independent samples t-test in SPSS20. The reliability of the instrument was acceptable based on the Cronbach's alpha of 0.79. Results: according to the results, 64.2% of the participants reported the practice of FGM in their communities. The study found significant relationships between FGM and health campaign level (p < 0.0001), media campaign level (p < 0.0001), and educational level (p < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference between FGM practices in urban and rural areas (p = 0.631). Conclusion: Governmental organizations and NGOs are recommended to take required measures to curb traditional practices, such as FGM, which are detrimental to one's health.
{"title":"Andragogy and Female Genital Mutilation in Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"Ologan Eloho Ukochovwera","doi":"10.19082/7856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7856","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although inconspicuously, female genital mutilation (FGM) continues to remain in Nigeria over time. Objective: This study aimed to throw more light on the traditional practice of FGM in the Osun State in Nigeria while recommending campaign methods and education as the best approaches to raise awareness about FGM risks. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 371 rural and urban women. A researcher-made and selfadministered questionnaire coupled with theoretical research were used to collect data on the andragogy for FGM. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, and independent samples t-test in SPSS20. The reliability of the instrument was acceptable based on the Cronbach's alpha of 0.79. Results: according to the results, 64.2% of the participants reported the practice of FGM in their communities. The study found significant relationships between FGM and health campaign level (p < 0.0001), media campaign level (p < 0.0001), and educational level (p < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference between FGM practices in urban and rural areas (p = 0.631). Conclusion: Governmental organizations and NGOs are recommended to take required measures to curb traditional practices, such as FGM, which are detrimental to one's health.","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43989621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethics of Publishing Case Reports: Do We Need Ethics Approval and Patient Consent?","authors":"M. Jalalian","doi":"10.19082/7830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7830","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48047662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyed Reza Mirmazloomi, Nazanin Gholinia, A. Peymani
Pulmonary fibrosis and cytokine storms are two major complications in COVID-19 patients that can decrease life quality after recovery and even cause death Histamine H4 Receptor (H4R) antagonists prevent lung fibrosis and reduce TNF-a and IL-6 secretion in several immune-mediated diseases T-helper cell 17 (TH17), which is an important inflammatory effector in COVID-19 pathogenesis, expresses H4Rs on its surface The stimulation of these receptors results in IL-17 production and, subsequently, TNF-a and IL-6 secretion, tissue remodelling, and fibrosis The compatibility of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 with the H4R function pattern further supports this theory According to the above content, Histamine 4 receptors could be a potential target for COVID-19 treatment H4R antagonists should be evaluated in experimental in-vitro studies and randomized controlled trials in terms of their therapeutic and preventive effects in COVID-19 complications, severity progression, and mortality
{"title":"Histamine H4 receptor is a potential target for COVID-19 treatment","authors":"Seyed Reza Mirmazloomi, Nazanin Gholinia, A. Peymani","doi":"10.19082/7776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7776","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary fibrosis and cytokine storms are two major complications in COVID-19 patients that can decrease life quality after recovery and even cause death Histamine H4 Receptor (H4R) antagonists prevent lung fibrosis and reduce TNF-a and IL-6 secretion in several immune-mediated diseases T-helper cell 17 (TH17), which is an important inflammatory effector in COVID-19 pathogenesis, expresses H4Rs on its surface The stimulation of these receptors results in IL-17 production and, subsequently, TNF-a and IL-6 secretion, tissue remodelling, and fibrosis The compatibility of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 with the H4R function pattern further supports this theory According to the above content, Histamine 4 receptors could be a potential target for COVID-19 treatment H4R antagonists should be evaluated in experimental in-vitro studies and randomized controlled trials in terms of their therapeutic and preventive effects in COVID-19 complications, severity progression, and mortality","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43908582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Shahverdi, M. Moghaddam, H. Sheibani, Shadi Voghoufi
Introduction: The naturally occurring "Anti-M" antibody, which is usually active at temperatures below 37 °C and has no clinical significance, can lead to discrepancy in ABO blood grouping and confusion in diagnosis. Case Presentation: This paper reports the case of a 28-year-old woman whose unanticipated reaction in her reverse blood grouping was observed due to the presence of anti-M, which made interpretation of her blood group difficult. The reason for this discrepancy created an interesting case to analyze. Take-away Lesson: A laboratory should always choose the reagent that is most suitable to the profiles of patients referred to that laboratory. It should be noted that if an anti-M is found in an M+ patient with negative autocontrol, it is not correct to conclude that there is a "partial M".
{"title":"Dealing with a clinically important anti-M case with cross-reactivity induced by monoclonal typing reagent","authors":"E. Shahverdi, M. Moghaddam, H. Sheibani, Shadi Voghoufi","doi":"10.19082/7791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7791","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The naturally occurring \"Anti-M\" antibody, which is usually active at temperatures below 37 °C and has no clinical significance, can lead to discrepancy in ABO blood grouping and confusion in diagnosis. Case Presentation: This paper reports the case of a 28-year-old woman whose unanticipated reaction in her reverse blood grouping was observed due to the presence of anti-M, which made interpretation of her blood group difficult. The reason for this discrepancy created an interesting case to analyze. Take-away Lesson: A laboratory should always choose the reagent that is most suitable to the profiles of patients referred to that laboratory. It should be noted that if an anti-M is found in an M+ patient with negative autocontrol, it is not correct to conclude that there is a \"partial M\".","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45699867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Trikha, Bhavnish Arora, Meenakshi Sharma, Parneeta Thakur
Background and objective: There is a paucity of reliable hospital data and available information for planning and management of health services in India. Hence, the Government of Haryana launched e-Upchaar, a Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) in the public health facilities of the state. A study was conducted to give insight into the design, development and implementation of HMIS for public health facilities, capable of meeting futuristic health demands of Haryana state and the introduction of real-time reporting, data analytics for evidence-based rational decision making. Methods: A descriptive study (August-October 2019) was conducted in the state of Haryana, India on implementation of HMIS (2015-2019). Desk reviews and interviews were conducted and the data from back-end of the application was explored. Integration of an external application by the Government of India’s Ministry of Health initiative ‘Mera Aspataal’ with e-Upchaar was also reviewed. The data extracted from the database was saved in Excel 2010 for descriptive analysis. Results: A unique health ID (UHID) was created for every patient registered in e-Upchaar. Patients (80 lakhs) and EMRs (70 lakhs) created untill 2019. Registration time (1 minute), follow up visits (15 sec), billing (2 minutes) and diagnostic reports’ availability on the same day. This resulted in a significant reduction in operational costs; savings due to non-printing of X-ray films in 22 facilities amounted to 13 million INR. Conclusion: e-Upchaar is playing a pivotal role towards achieving the quality standards for effective health care delivery in Haryana. It has improved transparency and integrity in hospital operations through accurate inventory management; and brought improvement in patients’ experience.
{"title":"Implementing e–Upchaar: Hospital Management Information System for public health facilities in Haryana","authors":"S. Trikha, Bhavnish Arora, Meenakshi Sharma, Parneeta Thakur","doi":"10.19082/7694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7694","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: There is a paucity of reliable hospital data and available information for planning and management of health services in India. Hence, the Government of Haryana launched e-Upchaar, a Hospital Management Information System (HMIS) in the public health facilities of the state. A study was conducted to give insight into the design, development and implementation of HMIS for public health facilities, capable of meeting futuristic health demands of Haryana state and the introduction of real-time reporting, data analytics for evidence-based rational decision making. Methods: A descriptive study (August-October 2019) was conducted in the state of Haryana, India on implementation of HMIS (2015-2019). Desk reviews and interviews were conducted and the data from back-end of the application was explored. Integration of an external application by the Government of India’s Ministry of Health initiative ‘Mera Aspataal’ with e-Upchaar was also reviewed. The data extracted from the database was saved in Excel 2010 for descriptive analysis. Results: A unique health ID (UHID) was created for every patient registered in e-Upchaar. Patients (80 lakhs) and EMRs (70 lakhs) created untill 2019. Registration time (1 minute), follow up visits (15 sec), billing (2 minutes) and diagnostic reports’ availability on the same day. This resulted in a significant reduction in operational costs; savings due to non-printing of X-ray films in 22 facilities amounted to 13 million INR. Conclusion: e-Upchaar is playing a pivotal role towards achieving the quality standards for effective health care delivery in Haryana. It has improved transparency and integrity in hospital operations through accurate inventory management; and brought improvement in patients’ experience.","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"12 1","pages":"7694-7702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45543381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Eteraf-Oskouei, Atefeh Zabiholahi, M. Najafi, B. Habibi-asl
Background and objective: There is increasing evidence that the nervous system is in two-way interaction with the immune system. To study the relationship between the opioid and immune systems, the anti-inflammatory effect of naloxone an opioid receptor antagonist in the air pouch model as an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis was studied. Methods: Sterile air (20 and 10 ml) was subcutaneously injected into the back of the animals on days 1 and 3, respectively. On the 6th day, carrageenan was injected into the pouch. Normal saline and different doses of naloxone were injected immediately, as well as 24 and 48 hours after carrageenan in the control and treatment groups, respectively. After 72 hours, granulation tissue was opened, the pouch fluid was collected to determine the volume of exudates, the concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and count of leukocyte. Granulation tissue was extruded and weighed. To assay the angiogenesis, the granulation tissue was homogenized and centrifuged, and the supernatant was filtered by a 0.22μ filter. Hemoglobin concentration was determined by the hemoglobin kit. Results: Naloxone clearly reduced leukocyte accumulation (p<0.01), exudate volume (p<0.001), granulation tissue weight (p<0.01), and amount of angiogenesis in the granulation tissue (p<0.001). In addition, VEGF and IL-1β levels were decreased significantly (p<0.01) and (p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Naloxone can reduce inflammatory and angiogenesis parameters in an air pouch inflammatory model. The anti-inflammatory effect is probably related to inhibition of leukocyte accumulation due to decreased concentration of inflammatory cytokines in exudates.
{"title":"Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenesis effects of naloxone in the rat air pouch model of inflammation","authors":"T. Eteraf-Oskouei, Atefeh Zabiholahi, M. Najafi, B. Habibi-asl","doi":"10.19082/7685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7685","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: There is increasing evidence that the nervous system is in two-way interaction with the immune system. To study the relationship between the opioid and immune systems, the anti-inflammatory effect of naloxone an opioid receptor antagonist in the air pouch model as an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis was studied. Methods: Sterile air (20 and 10 ml) was subcutaneously injected into the back of the animals on days 1 and 3, respectively. On the 6th day, carrageenan was injected into the pouch. Normal saline and different doses of naloxone were injected immediately, as well as 24 and 48 hours after carrageenan in the control and treatment groups, respectively. After 72 hours, granulation tissue was opened, the pouch fluid was collected to determine the volume of exudates, the concentration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and count of leukocyte. Granulation tissue was extruded and weighed. To assay the angiogenesis, the granulation tissue was homogenized and centrifuged, and the supernatant was filtered by a 0.22μ filter. Hemoglobin concentration was determined by the hemoglobin kit. Results: Naloxone clearly reduced leukocyte accumulation (p<0.01), exudate volume (p<0.001), granulation tissue weight (p<0.01), and amount of angiogenesis in the granulation tissue (p<0.001). In addition, VEGF and IL-1β levels were decreased significantly (p<0.01) and (p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Naloxone can reduce inflammatory and angiogenesis parameters in an air pouch inflammatory model. The anti-inflammatory effect is probably related to inhibition of leukocyte accumulation due to decreased concentration of inflammatory cytokines in exudates.","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"12 1","pages":"7685-7693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44900044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fathi, M. Damandan, M. Valizadeh, Y. Farshi, Rouhallah Moradpour
Background and objective: Alpha-thalassemia is one of the most recessively congenital hemoglobin disorders in the world, and is characterized by decreased or absence of alpha globin chains production. Although it has been suggested that the frequency of alpha-thalassemia in Iran is greater than worldwide, its exact rate is unknown. Due to lack of more studies on this topic in this area, the aim of the present study was to determine prevalence and molecular characterization of alpha-thalassemia among newborns in Ardabil Province. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, one thousand newborns were referred for screening of alpha thalassemia at a pediatric unit in Ardabil province between April 2016 and March 2018. Cases with Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) <100 fL and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) < 33 pg were referred for serum Ferritin measurement, Hb electrophoresis and then genetic analysis. Collected data were analyzed by statistical methods such as number, percent and Mean±SD in SPSS version 21. Results: The prevalence of α-thalassemia in studied newborns was 3.3% in Ardabil province. The most common mutation was the 3.7 single gene deletions that were found in 42.4% (14 cases) of newborns with α-Thalassemia. Conclusions: Results showed that, the prevalence of α-thalassemia in Ardabil province was lower than the average rate for the country and the most common mutation was –α/αα, which was similar to other places in Iran.
{"title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of alpha-thalassemia among newborns in Ardabil Province","authors":"A. Fathi, M. Damandan, M. Valizadeh, Y. Farshi, Rouhallah Moradpour","doi":"10.19082/7703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7703","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Alpha-thalassemia is one of the most recessively congenital hemoglobin disorders in the world, and is characterized by decreased or absence of alpha globin chains production. Although it has been suggested that the frequency of alpha-thalassemia in Iran is greater than worldwide, its exact rate is unknown. Due to lack of more studies on this topic in this area, the aim of the present study was to determine prevalence and molecular characterization of alpha-thalassemia among newborns in Ardabil Province. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, one thousand newborns were referred for screening of alpha thalassemia at a pediatric unit in Ardabil province between April 2016 and March 2018. Cases with Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) <100 fL and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) < 33 pg were referred for serum Ferritin measurement, Hb electrophoresis and then genetic analysis. Collected data were analyzed by statistical methods such as number, percent and Mean±SD in SPSS version 21. Results: The prevalence of α-thalassemia in studied newborns was 3.3% in Ardabil province. The most common mutation was the 3.7 single gene deletions that were found in 42.4% (14 cases) of newborns with α-Thalassemia. Conclusions: Results showed that, the prevalence of α-thalassemia in Ardabil province was lower than the average rate for the country and the most common mutation was –α/αα, which was similar to other places in Iran.","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"12 1","pages":"7703-7707"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44275902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benksim Abdelhafid, A. Rachid, E. A. Sana, Cherkaoui Mohamed
The COVID-19 pandemic is the most prevailing health crisis of our time Since its appearance in Asia, the virus has spread to all continents, claiming many victims Moreover, crisis-to-crisis management has met with huge cost in resources throughout the world Initial measures taken by Morocco have so far enabled the country to control the scale of the coronavirus pandemic Nevertheless, a deadly resurgence of the pandemic became possible in the event of a hasty end to containment To mitigate the effects of the health crisis, all countries need to adopt appropriate strategies to break out of containment Of course, the lifting of restrictions should not be absolute at the same time for everyone
{"title":"Lessons from COVID-19 pandemic and the Morocco’s success story","authors":"Benksim Abdelhafid, A. Rachid, E. A. Sana, Cherkaoui Mohamed","doi":"10.19082/7682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7682","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic is the most prevailing health crisis of our time Since its appearance in Asia, the virus has spread to all continents, claiming many victims Moreover, crisis-to-crisis management has met with huge cost in resources throughout the world Initial measures taken by Morocco have so far enabled the country to control the scale of the coronavirus pandemic Nevertheless, a deadly resurgence of the pandemic became possible in the event of a hasty end to containment To mitigate the effects of the health crisis, all countries need to adopt appropriate strategies to break out of containment Of course, the lifting of restrictions should not be absolute at the same time for everyone","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"12 1","pages":"7682-7684"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43113889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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