Male and female hormones are upregolators of expression of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene. This short article proposes a hypothesis about the potential effect of estrogen antagonists and anti-androgens in preventing pulmonary involvement in COVID-19 infection through their downregulatory effect on ACE2 expression.
{"title":"Do estrogen antagonists and anti-androgens prevent the COVID-19’s pulmonary involvement?","authors":"M. Jalalian","doi":"10.19082/7681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7681","url":null,"abstract":"Male and female hormones are upregolators of expression of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene. This short article proposes a hypothesis about the potential effect of estrogen antagonists and anti-androgens in preventing pulmonary involvement in COVID-19 infection through their downregulatory effect on ACE2 expression.","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43720775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This short editorial suggests that the ACE2 receptor could be the focus of prophylactic and curative medicine for pulmonary involvement of coronavirus infection The editorial also proposes hypotheses to examine by clinical researchers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Electronic Physician is the property of Electronic Physician and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
{"title":"Age distribution of COVID-19: a key in developing prophylactic medicine for serious lower respiratory tract involvement of coronavirus infection","authors":"M. Jalalian, A. Bolourian","doi":"10.19082/7660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7660","url":null,"abstract":"This short editorial suggests that the ACE2 receptor could be the focus of prophylactic and curative medicine for pulmonary involvement of coronavirus infection The editorial also proposes hypotheses to examine by clinical researchers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Electronic Physician is the property of Electronic Physician and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"12 1","pages":"7660-7661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49213701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Personal listening devices (PLDs) are considered one of the most popular sources of recreational noise that may result later on in hearing loss. However, most PLD users are unaware that they are putting themselves at risk of sensorineural hearing loss. Objective: to assess and early discover subtle changes in hearing sensitivity caused by personal audio devices (PADs). Methods: In this case control study, the participants were selected through simple random sampling with age range from 14 to 20 years. The study was conducted at the Audiology Unit, Sohag University Hospital, Sohag, Egypt between March 2018 and January 2019. The participants were divided into two groups: Group I (case group) with history of regular use of PADs and Group II (control group) who never use PADs. All participants underwent pure tone audiometry (PTA), extended high frequency (EHF) audiometry, immitencemetry and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEAOE). Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 23. Statistical methods used include descriptive analysis (mean, range and standard deviation), odds ratio and Pearson correlation test. Results: The average duration of PAD use in the case group was 2 years with 68.29% of PLD use ≥4 days/ week, 63.41% of PLD use ≥ one hour daily and 39.02% preferring high volume. Tinnitus was the most common problem that occurred immediately after PAD use, followed by hearing loss. The EHF results showed a highly statistically significant difference in the threshold between the two groups at all tested frequencies (the odds ratio was 165.00 with a high degree of significance p=0.0004). The whole case group showed hearing threshold shift at all frequencies from 10 to 16 KHz at both ears. The largest hearing threshold shift occurred in the case group that used PADs for two or more years. The odds ratio for Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) response was 1.0649 with no statistically significant differences between case and control groups (p=0.8264). However, the mean amplitude of the overall TEOAE spectrum was lower in the case group compared with the controls. In the right ear, it was 16.85±3.02 dB in the case versus 18.92±3.14 dB in the control with the degree of the significance less than 0.01. In the left ear, it was 16.92±4.28 dB in the case versus 19.01±3.76 in the controls with the degree of the significance less than 0.05. Conclusion: The current study suggests that the long-term use of PLDs can impair hearing function, so a screening protocol should be considered for early identification of NIHL in PLD users.
{"title":"Personal audio devices and the risk of hearing loss in young adults","authors":"Salwa Mourad Abd El-Mawgoud","doi":"10.19082/7662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7662","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Personal listening devices (PLDs) are considered one of the most popular sources of recreational noise that may result later on in hearing loss. However, most PLD users are unaware that they are putting themselves at risk of sensorineural hearing loss. Objective: to assess and early discover subtle changes in hearing sensitivity caused by personal audio devices (PADs). Methods: In this case control study, the participants were selected through simple random sampling with age range from 14 to 20 years. The study was conducted at the Audiology Unit, Sohag University Hospital, Sohag, Egypt between March 2018 and January 2019. The participants were divided into two groups: Group I (case group) with history of regular use of PADs and Group II (control group) who never use PADs. All participants underwent pure tone audiometry (PTA), extended high frequency (EHF) audiometry, immitencemetry and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEAOE). Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 23. Statistical methods used include descriptive analysis (mean, range and standard deviation), odds ratio and Pearson correlation test. Results: The average duration of PAD use in the case group was 2 years with 68.29% of PLD use ≥4 days/ week, 63.41% of PLD use ≥ one hour daily and 39.02% preferring high volume. Tinnitus was the most common problem that occurred immediately after PAD use, followed by hearing loss. The EHF results showed a highly statistically significant difference in the threshold between the two groups at all tested frequencies (the odds ratio was 165.00 with a high degree of significance p=0.0004). The whole case group showed hearing threshold shift at all frequencies from 10 to 16 KHz at both ears. The largest hearing threshold shift occurred in the case group that used PADs for two or more years. The odds ratio for Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) response was 1.0649 with no statistically significant differences between case and control groups (p=0.8264). However, the mean amplitude of the overall TEOAE spectrum was lower in the case group compared with the controls. In the right ear, it was 16.85±3.02 dB in the case versus 18.92±3.14 dB in the control with the degree of the significance less than 0.01. In the left ear, it was 16.92±4.28 dB in the case versus 19.01±3.76 in the controls with the degree of the significance less than 0.05. Conclusion: The current study suggests that the long-term use of PLDs can impair hearing function, so a screening protocol should be considered for early identification of NIHL in PLD users.","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"12 1","pages":"7662-7667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42982060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ghiasi, H. Mottaghi, E. Heidari, B. Alizadeh, H. Birjandi, M. Naghibi, F. Tara, Y. Ravanshad
Background: Congenital heart defect (CHD) is the most common type of congenital disorder, especially in the Asian population. However, there are no comprehensive studies assessing the prevalence of this disease in the Iranian population. Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency of cardiac abnormalities with a focus on CHD diagnosed by fetal echocardiography in pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized the medical records of 635 pregnant women who referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, for fetal echocardiography from 2012 to 2017. All medical records of mothers who referred to a pediatric cardiologist at the CHD center have been assessed in this study. The American Heart Association guideline was used to detect the risk of CHD. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 16. Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 29.6±5.13 years and their mean gestational age was 23.5±5.9 weeks. The incidence of fetal cardiac abnormalities was highest in those aged between 26 to 31 years. Fetal cardiac abnormalities were reported in 33.22% of the women. Moreover, the frequency of intra-cardiac echogenic focus was estimated at 25.6% and the frequency values of the complex CHD and ventricular septal defect (VSD) were obtained at 21.76% and 8.05%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the obtained results from this study, fetal cardiac abnormalities were found in more than one-third of pregnant women. In addition, the intracardiac echogenic focus was the most common detected cardiac abnormality. The most prevalent detected CHDs were complex CHD and VSD. This indicates a likelihood that the CHD is more common among Asian populations.
{"title":"Frequency of Congenital Heart Defects diagnosed by Fetal Echocardiography in Mashhad, Iran","authors":"S. Ghiasi, H. Mottaghi, E. Heidari, B. Alizadeh, H. Birjandi, M. Naghibi, F. Tara, Y. Ravanshad","doi":"10.19082/7668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7668","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Congenital heart defect (CHD) is the most common type of congenital disorder, especially in the Asian population. However, there are no comprehensive studies assessing the prevalence of this disease in the Iranian population. Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency of cardiac abnormalities with a focus on CHD diagnosed by fetal echocardiography in pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized the medical records of 635 pregnant women who referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, for fetal echocardiography from 2012 to 2017. All medical records of mothers who referred to a pediatric cardiologist at the CHD center have been assessed in this study. The American Heart Association guideline was used to detect the risk of CHD. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 16. Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 29.6±5.13 years and their mean gestational age was 23.5±5.9 weeks. The incidence of fetal cardiac abnormalities was highest in those aged between 26 to 31 years. Fetal cardiac abnormalities were reported in 33.22% of the women. Moreover, the frequency of intra-cardiac echogenic focus was estimated at 25.6% and the frequency values of the complex CHD and ventricular septal defect (VSD) were obtained at 21.76% and 8.05%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the obtained results from this study, fetal cardiac abnormalities were found in more than one-third of pregnant women. In addition, the intracardiac echogenic focus was the most common detected cardiac abnormality. The most prevalent detected CHDs were complex CHD and VSD. This indicates a likelihood that the CHD is more common among Asian populations.","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"12 1","pages":"7668-7673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45962264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mirzarahimi, A. Sharghi, Mohammad Zaman Zamanpour, R. Maskani
Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common preventative evolutionary disorders in newborns and children, which, if not treated promptly, leads to mental retardation and developmental disorders. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the developmental status of 3 to 5-year-old children with congenital hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine in Ardabil city in Northwest Iran. Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 78 infants (44 boys and 34 girls) with congenital hypothyroidism under treatment with levothyroxine who referred to Ardabil city health centers during 2013-2018 were evaluated by an Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) for their developmental status. Results: In total, 32 (41%) were impaired and 46 (59%) were healthy according to the ASQ. Of those, 11 children (14.1%) had temporary congenital hypothyroidism. There was no significant difference in terms of height, weight, birth weight, maternal age, number of tests performed each year, average TSH (Thyroidstimulating Hormone) in the first year of treatment, gender, place of residence, education and parental relationship between two impaired and healthy children. There was a significant relation between number of visits by doctor (p=0.02), age at diagnosis (p=0.001) and age at treatment time (p=0.003), initial dose of levothyroxine (p=0.02) with developmental status of children based on ASQ results. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that neonatal screening is one of the most successful health-system programs in the country, and the detection and initiation of hypothyroidism in neonates as soon as possible leads to a reduction in developmental disorder in them.
{"title":"Assessment of the developmental status of 3 to 5-year-old children with congenital hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine in Ardabil city","authors":"M. Mirzarahimi, A. Sharghi, Mohammad Zaman Zamanpour, R. Maskani","doi":"10.19082/7674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7674","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common preventative evolutionary disorders in newborns and children, which, if not treated promptly, leads to mental retardation and developmental disorders. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the developmental status of 3 to 5-year-old children with congenital hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine in Ardabil city in Northwest Iran. Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 78 infants (44 boys and 34 girls) with congenital hypothyroidism under treatment with levothyroxine who referred to Ardabil city health centers during 2013-2018 were evaluated by an Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) for their developmental status. Results: In total, 32 (41%) were impaired and 46 (59%) were healthy according to the ASQ. Of those, 11 children (14.1%) had temporary congenital hypothyroidism. There was no significant difference in terms of height, weight, birth weight, maternal age, number of tests performed each year, average TSH (Thyroidstimulating Hormone) in the first year of treatment, gender, place of residence, education and parental relationship between two impaired and healthy children. There was a significant relation between number of visits by doctor (p=0.02), age at diagnosis (p=0.001) and age at treatment time (p=0.003), initial dose of levothyroxine (p=0.02) with developmental status of children based on ASQ results. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that neonatal screening is one of the most successful health-system programs in the country, and the detection and initiation of hypothyroidism in neonates as soon as possible leads to a reduction in developmental disorder in them.","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"12 1","pages":"7674-7680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48085078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanan M. Alrammah, Hajar Ibrahim Alshmas, M. Abdelwahab, Arwa Ghaith Mahfouz, Malak O. Almulla, Basmah S. Alzahrani, Hind Kefah Alfaddagh, Mohamad Anas Hussam Eddin
Introduction: Bedbugs (Cimex spp.) are a public health problem and an urban pest that require blood meal from humans, other mammals or birds to survive. Bedbugs constitute an emerging public health problem and infestations have been reported globally. This paper reports three cases of social health problems caused by bedbugs in three residential buildings in Kish Island, Dezful, and Ahvaz in southern Iran. Case presentation: Case 1; A 42-year-old male living in Dezful city had a bedbug infestation in his house (September 2018). He developed a phobia (entomophobia) about bedbugs. Case 2; A 36-year-old man and 33year-old woman living in Ahvaz city had a bedbug infestation in their house (August 2017). The woman was very concerned about the bedbug infestation in the house and she had entomophobia, stress, anxiety, insomnia and paranoia; this issue caused resentment and hence conflict between the couple. Case 3: A 25-year-old woman and a 28-year-old man living in Kish Island rented a house from a 45-year-old man. The landlord was very concerned about the bedbug infestation in the house (July 2017), and claimed that the tenants were responsible for bedbugs’ presence. This issue caused hostility and conflict between them. Generally, all cases had bedbug infestations in their houses and this issue caused some social health problems such as entomophobia, concern, fear, stress, anxiety, insomnia, paranoia, resentment and conflict. Take-away lesson: Bedbugs are not vectors for infectious disease. But, with regard to our observations in the present study, bedbug infestations can produce some social health problems such as entomophobia, concern, fear, stress, anxiety, insomnia and paranoia, as well as resentment, hostility and conflict between residents in infested houses.
{"title":"The social impacts of bedbug infestation as an emerging public health issue: a case report","authors":"I. Alizadeh, M. Gorouhi, A. Afshar, A. Iranpour","doi":"10.19082/7636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7636","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bedbugs (Cimex spp.) are a public health problem and an urban pest that require blood meal from humans, other mammals or birds to survive. Bedbugs constitute an emerging public health problem and infestations have been reported globally. This paper reports three cases of social health problems caused by bedbugs in three residential buildings in Kish Island, Dezful, and Ahvaz in southern Iran. Case presentation: Case 1; A 42-year-old male living in Dezful city had a bedbug infestation in his house (September 2018). He developed a phobia (entomophobia) about bedbugs. Case 2; A 36-year-old man and 33year-old woman living in Ahvaz city had a bedbug infestation in their house (August 2017). The woman was very concerned about the bedbug infestation in the house and she had entomophobia, stress, anxiety, insomnia and paranoia; this issue caused resentment and hence conflict between the couple. Case 3: A 25-year-old woman and a 28-year-old man living in Kish Island rented a house from a 45-year-old man. The landlord was very concerned about the bedbug infestation in the house (July 2017), and claimed that the tenants were responsible for bedbugs’ presence. This issue caused hostility and conflict between them. Generally, all cases had bedbug infestations in their houses and this issue caused some social health problems such as entomophobia, concern, fear, stress, anxiety, insomnia, paranoia, resentment and conflict. Take-away lesson: Bedbugs are not vectors for infectious disease. But, with regard to our observations in the present study, bedbug infestations can produce some social health problems such as entomophobia, concern, fear, stress, anxiety, insomnia and paranoia, as well as resentment, hostility and conflict between residents in infested houses.","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"11 1","pages":"7636-7642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45689422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kiani, F. Heydarian, Z. Feyzabadi, Masumeh Saeidi, S. Jafari, P. Hebrani
Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience accompanied by fear and anxiety. Pain anxiety can cause resistance, reduce his/her cooperation and cause undesirable mental and psychological complications. The use of non-medical methods in relieving pain is preferable. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of toys and music on pain and vital signs of children during colonoscopy. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 90 children aged 2-14 years old referred to Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad (Iran) in 2016-2017. Performing colonoscopy on children who were randomly allocated to three equal groups of 30 (Two intervention and one control group): Group 1: toys (a car for boys and a doll for girls), Group 2: a piece of Clayderman music, and a control group. The vital signs of the children before and after colonoscopy, and the pain after it, were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16, using paired-samples t-test. A pvalue of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant for examining the hypotheses of the study. Results: The mean age of children was 9.07±3.22, and 54.4% of them were girls. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly after colonoscopy in the music and control groups (p<0.001). However, in the toy group, mean heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased after intervention (p=0.147, p=0.213, p=0.246 respectively). The mean score of pain in the toy group was significantly lower than the other two groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of toys and music were effective in reducing pain and accepting colonoscopy for the children, although the positive effects of the toy were more evident on the children’s vital signs and pain. Therefore, the use of non-medication interventions can be considered as an effective way to accept colonoscopy and reduce pain in children. Clinical Trial Registration: This trial is registered on the Thai Clinical Trials Registry, with the ID: TCTR20180507001 Funding: This project was funded by the research deputy of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, (Mashhad, Iran).
{"title":"Effect of music and toys on reducing pain during colonoscopy and acceptance of colonoscopy by children: a randomized clinical trial","authors":"M. Kiani, F. Heydarian, Z. Feyzabadi, Masumeh Saeidi, S. Jafari, P. Hebrani","doi":"10.19082/7652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7652","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience accompanied by fear and anxiety. Pain anxiety can cause resistance, reduce his/her cooperation and cause undesirable mental and psychological complications. The use of non-medical methods in relieving pain is preferable. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of toys and music on pain and vital signs of children during colonoscopy. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 90 children aged 2-14 years old referred to Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad (Iran) in 2016-2017. Performing colonoscopy on children who were randomly allocated to three equal groups of 30 (Two intervention and one control group): Group 1: toys (a car for boys and a doll for girls), Group 2: a piece of Clayderman music, and a control group. The vital signs of the children before and after colonoscopy, and the pain after it, were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16, using paired-samples t-test. A pvalue of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant for examining the hypotheses of the study. Results: The mean age of children was 9.07±3.22, and 54.4% of them were girls. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly after colonoscopy in the music and control groups (p<0.001). However, in the toy group, mean heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased after intervention (p=0.147, p=0.213, p=0.246 respectively). The mean score of pain in the toy group was significantly lower than the other two groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of toys and music were effective in reducing pain and accepting colonoscopy for the children, although the positive effects of the toy were more evident on the children’s vital signs and pain. Therefore, the use of non-medication interventions can be considered as an effective way to accept colonoscopy and reduce pain in children. Clinical Trial Registration: This trial is registered on the Thai Clinical Trials Registry, with the ID: TCTR20180507001 Funding: This project was funded by the research deputy of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, (Mashhad, Iran).","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"11 1","pages":"7652-7659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43286791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Emadzadeh, Foad Faroughi, M. Bordbar, M. Dadgarmoghaddam
Background: The use of short message service (SMS) is very popular among youths. Recent research has shown that it has some adverse consequences such as dependency. Objective: The present research aimed to determine the frequency of SMS dependency and its association with the temperament and character of medical students. Methods: A total of 293 medical students participated in this cross-sectional study in 2015 in Mashhad, Iran. The study group was divided into four groups according to their grade (using stratified sampling). Temperament and character inventory (TCI) and an SMS addiction test (SAT) were distributed between participants. SPSS software (version 11.5) was used for data analysis. Linear regression, Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation, Independentsamples t-test, ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal Wallis were used for data analysis. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Result: The mean age of participants was 24.44±4.63. Novelty seeking (p=0.003), cooperativeness (p<0.001), self-directedness (p<0.001) and self-transcendence (p=0.003) showed significant inverse correlation with total SAT score. There was significant difference between the mean of the total SAT in three state variables of novelty seeking (p=0.02), cooperativeness (p<0.001), self-directedness (p<0.001) and self-transcendence (p=0.02). The residents group had the highest mean SAT score. There was a significant difference in the total SAT scores according to the grade of the student (p<0.001). Moreover, we compared the participants’ temperament and character with Iranian normative data (derived from a study conducted in 2005) and found that the mean score in each area differed significantly between the two datasets (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Use of communication technologies is different according to temperament. Considering the key role of medical students, more attention needs to be paid to cellphone usage in this group.
{"title":"Problematic use of short message service (SMS) in medical students and its possible association with personality dimensions","authors":"M. Emadzadeh, Foad Faroughi, M. Bordbar, M. Dadgarmoghaddam","doi":"10.19082/7643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7643","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of short message service (SMS) is very popular among youths. Recent research has shown that it has some adverse consequences such as dependency. Objective: The present research aimed to determine the frequency of SMS dependency and its association with the temperament and character of medical students. Methods: A total of 293 medical students participated in this cross-sectional study in 2015 in Mashhad, Iran. The study group was divided into four groups according to their grade (using stratified sampling). Temperament and character inventory (TCI) and an SMS addiction test (SAT) were distributed between participants. SPSS software (version 11.5) was used for data analysis. Linear regression, Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation, Independentsamples t-test, ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal Wallis were used for data analysis. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Result: The mean age of participants was 24.44±4.63. Novelty seeking (p=0.003), cooperativeness (p<0.001), self-directedness (p<0.001) and self-transcendence (p=0.003) showed significant inverse correlation with total SAT score. There was significant difference between the mean of the total SAT in three state variables of novelty seeking (p=0.02), cooperativeness (p<0.001), self-directedness (p<0.001) and self-transcendence (p=0.02). The residents group had the highest mean SAT score. There was a significant difference in the total SAT scores according to the grade of the student (p<0.001). Moreover, we compared the participants’ temperament and character with Iranian normative data (derived from a study conducted in 2005) and found that the mean score in each area differed significantly between the two datasets (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Use of communication technologies is different according to temperament. Considering the key role of medical students, more attention needs to be paid to cellphone usage in this group.","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"11 1","pages":"7643-7651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44946741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pakseresht, Tahereh Mahboobi Nejad, Z. Khalesi, Z. Roshan, R. Soleimani
Background: Happiness can influence on the psychological well-being and physical health of pregnant women. Mood swings during pregnancy affect attachment to the child and negative emotions are associated with increased risk of low birth weight, early delivery, and failure in breastfeeding. Objective: This study aimed to assess the happiness and its predictor variables among pregnant women. Methods: This study was conducted on 480 pregnant women referred to AL-Zahra teaching hospital in Rasht (Iran) in 2018. The study employed a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS version 21, using descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 88 (18.3%) women had low happiness level, 314 (65.4%) moderate level, and 78 (16.3%) high level of happiness. Their happiness had a significant association with age (p=0.001), education (p=0.041), occupation (p=0.029), marital satisfaction (p=0.001), husband's education (p=0.003), monthly income (p=0.001), order of pregnancy (p=0.001), planned pregnancy (p=0.001), abortion history (p=0.003), comorbid disease (p=0.032), and family support (p=0.001). Out of these factors, marital satisfaction (B=0.205), planned pregnancy (B=0.374), and monthly income (B=0.359) were identified to explain the variance in independent variables in pregnant women. Conclusion: By identification of the predictors of happiness, obstetricians and midwives can improve the happiness level of pregnant women by providing information and eliminating unnecessary worries.
{"title":"Predictors of happiness among pregnant women: a regression analysis","authors":"S. Pakseresht, Tahereh Mahboobi Nejad, Z. Khalesi, Z. Roshan, R. Soleimani","doi":"10.19082/7629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19082/7629","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Happiness can influence on the psychological well-being and physical health of pregnant women. Mood swings during pregnancy affect attachment to the child and negative emotions are associated with increased risk of low birth weight, early delivery, and failure in breastfeeding. Objective: This study aimed to assess the happiness and its predictor variables among pregnant women. Methods: This study was conducted on 480 pregnant women referred to AL-Zahra teaching hospital in Rasht (Iran) in 2018. The study employed a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS version 21, using descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 88 (18.3%) women had low happiness level, 314 (65.4%) moderate level, and 78 (16.3%) high level of happiness. Their happiness had a significant association with age (p=0.001), education (p=0.041), occupation (p=0.029), marital satisfaction (p=0.001), husband's education (p=0.003), monthly income (p=0.001), order of pregnancy (p=0.001), planned pregnancy (p=0.001), abortion history (p=0.003), comorbid disease (p=0.032), and family support (p=0.001). Out of these factors, marital satisfaction (B=0.205), planned pregnancy (B=0.374), and monthly income (B=0.359) were identified to explain the variance in independent variables in pregnant women. Conclusion: By identification of the predictors of happiness, obstetricians and midwives can improve the happiness level of pregnant women by providing information and eliminating unnecessary worries.","PeriodicalId":11603,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Physician","volume":"11 1","pages":"7629-7635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44602250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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