Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to use telephone follow-up (TFU) to investigate the actions taken by patients after they took their own leave (TOL) from an ED, with a focus on priority groups who are at risk of experiencing health inequity. These included people experiencing homelessness (EH), people with a low socioeconomic status by index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage (IRSD) and First Nations people. The primary outcome was being seen by a general practitioner (GP) within 2 days of the TOL event. The utility of the TFU was also examined.
Methods: This was an observational study of data collected during a quality improvement intervention at an inner-city, tertiary, teaching hospital in Melbourne from January to December 2022. Descriptive results were obtained from a TFU survey that was administered 24-48 h after the TOL event.
Results: During the study period, 4209 patients TOL from the ED. Eight hundred forty-one of these were contacted and consented to the TFU survey. 97.7% of patients expressed gratitude at being followed up. Patients EH, compared to patients not EH, were less likely to have seen their GP within 2 days of TOL event (0.295 [0.132-0.661], P < 0.001). Both First Nations patients and those from low IRSD areas were as likely to have seen their GP within 2 days as other groups.
Conclusion: Patients EH were less likely to receive GP care within 2 days of TOL. Improving the access and acceptability of health care in these priority groups is important for achieving health equity.
{"title":"What they did next: Using follow-up phone calls to investigate health care access patterns of patients who take their own leave.","authors":"Isabelle Stewart, Sam Freeman, Georgina Phillips, Jacqueline Maplesden, Deborah Barnes, Simone Soderland, Jennie Hutton","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.14536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of the present study was to use telephone follow-up (TFU) to investigate the actions taken by patients after they took their own leave (TOL) from an ED, with a focus on priority groups who are at risk of experiencing health inequity. These included people experiencing homelessness (EH), people with a low socioeconomic status by index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage (IRSD) and First Nations people. The primary outcome was being seen by a general practitioner (GP) within 2 days of the TOL event. The utility of the TFU was also examined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an observational study of data collected during a quality improvement intervention at an inner-city, tertiary, teaching hospital in Melbourne from January to December 2022. Descriptive results were obtained from a TFU survey that was administered 24-48 h after the TOL event.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 4209 patients TOL from the ED. Eight hundred forty-one of these were contacted and consented to the TFU survey. 97.7% of patients expressed gratitude at being followed up. Patients EH, compared to patients not EH, were less likely to have seen their GP within 2 days of TOL event (0.295 [0.132-0.661], P < 0.001). Both First Nations patients and those from low IRSD areas were as likely to have seen their GP within 2 days as other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients EH were less likely to receive GP care within 2 days of TOL. Improving the access and acceptability of health care in these priority groups is important for achieving health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahsa Kaikhosrovi, Kendall Bein, Philip Haywood, Radhika Seimon, Michael Dinh
Objectives: Identify clinical and demographic characteristics of low-acuity presentations (LAPs) to the ED and analyse correlations between population rates of LAPs to ED and rates of Medicare-subsidised general practitioner (GP) services across statistical areas.
Methods: Retrospective data linkage study using state-wide ED data and publicly available data on GP services per population by statistical area. We performed multilevel logistic regression to determine predictors of LAP at an individual level after adjusting for remoteness categories and performed correlations between rates of LAP and GP services per population across statistical areas in New South Wales, Australia. The primary outcome was the rate of LAPs to ED, LAPs being defined as patients who self-presented to ED, assigned an Australasian Triage Score of 4 or 5 and subsequently discharged from ED.
Results: There were 2.9 million ED presentations in 2021, of which 39.9% presentations were classified as LAP. LAPs were associated with younger age, routine care, eyes, ear, nose and throat and musculoskeletal presentations. The rate of LAPs was higher in non-metropolitan areas. Additionally, 85% of LAPs were seen and discharged from ED within 4 h. There was an inverse correlation between the rate of Medicare-subsidised GP services and the rate of total ED or LAPs in non-metropolitan areas (ρ = -0.47, ρ = -056 and P = 0.012, P = 0.001, respectively). In metropolitan areas, correlations were either positive for all ED presentations (ρ = +0.41, P = 0.007) or not significant for LAPs (ρ = +0.18, P = 0.57).
Conclusions: A relationship between LAPs to ED and Medicare-subsidised GP episodes of care exists for non-metropolitan but not metropolitan areas.
{"title":"Low-acuity emergency department presentation characteristics and their association with Medicare-subsidised general practitioner services across New South Wales: A data linkage study.","authors":"Mahsa Kaikhosrovi, Kendall Bein, Philip Haywood, Radhika Seimon, Michael Dinh","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.14538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Identify clinical and demographic characteristics of low-acuity presentations (LAPs) to the ED and analyse correlations between population rates of LAPs to ED and rates of Medicare-subsidised general practitioner (GP) services across statistical areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective data linkage study using state-wide ED data and publicly available data on GP services per population by statistical area. We performed multilevel logistic regression to determine predictors of LAP at an individual level after adjusting for remoteness categories and performed correlations between rates of LAP and GP services per population across statistical areas in New South Wales, Australia. The primary outcome was the rate of LAPs to ED, LAPs being defined as patients who self-presented to ED, assigned an Australasian Triage Score of 4 or 5 and subsequently discharged from ED.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 2.9 million ED presentations in 2021, of which 39.9% presentations were classified as LAP. LAPs were associated with younger age, routine care, eyes, ear, nose and throat and musculoskeletal presentations. The rate of LAPs was higher in non-metropolitan areas. Additionally, 85% of LAPs were seen and discharged from ED within 4 h. There was an inverse correlation between the rate of Medicare-subsidised GP services and the rate of total ED or LAPs in non-metropolitan areas (ρ = -0.47, ρ = -056 and P = 0.012, P = 0.001, respectively). In metropolitan areas, correlations were either positive for all ED presentations (ρ = +0.41, P = 0.007) or not significant for LAPs (ρ = +0.18, P = 0.57).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A relationship between LAPs to ED and Medicare-subsidised GP episodes of care exists for non-metropolitan but not metropolitan areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine J Lee, Melissa Middleton, Robert K Mahar
Randomised trials have long been recognised as the gold standard research tool for evidence-based medicine. The past decade has seen the emergence of several innovative trial designs that are revolutionising how trials are conducted. These innovative designs enable more efficient, pragmatic trials that can address complex research questions which were previously not possible. In this paper, we provide an overview of the key innovative designs that are likely to be useful in the emergency medicine context, namely cluster crossover and stepped wedge designs, sequential multiple assignment randomised trial (SMART) designs, and platform trials. We describe the main features of each design, outline their pros and cons, and describe when they may or may not be useful. We also provide examples of these innovative designs in contexts that are relevant to emergency medicine.
{"title":"Review article: Primer for clinical researchers on innovative trial designs for emergency medicine.","authors":"Katherine J Lee, Melissa Middleton, Robert K Mahar","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.14532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Randomised trials have long been recognised as the gold standard research tool for evidence-based medicine. The past decade has seen the emergence of several innovative trial designs that are revolutionising how trials are conducted. These innovative designs enable more efficient, pragmatic trials that can address complex research questions which were previously not possible. In this paper, we provide an overview of the key innovative designs that are likely to be useful in the emergency medicine context, namely cluster crossover and stepped wedge designs, sequential multiple assignment randomised trial (SMART) designs, and platform trials. We describe the main features of each design, outline their pros and cons, and describe when they may or may not be useful. We also provide examples of these innovative designs in contexts that are relevant to emergency medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Emergency medicine is sick. Right now, across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, EDs are overflowing with patients. Some have received all the care they need from ED staff, but are waiting to see busy inpatient specialists. Others are waiting for beds on wards that are already beyond capacity. Some tried to see their general practitioner when they became unwell a week ago, but there were no available appointments, and their condition worsened, necessitating an ED visit. Many have been assessed by the triage nurse as needing assessment within 30 minutes, but because of overcrowding, they will wait several hours; some will deteriorate before they see a doctor; occasionally, they will die waiting. Increasing numbers of the people waiting in the ED did not decide for themselves to come here: they are residents in understaffed aged care facilities with no after-hours medical care, and have been sent by ambulance after a fall or change in condition. They will spend 12 hours under fluorescent lights being needled by nurses, poked by physicians, missing medications and foregoing food, only to be sent home after a normal CT scan. As the cycle continues, pressure and temperature keep rising in the ED.</p><p>ED doctors want to serve their communities, but many are struggling in these unsustainable conditions.<span><sup>1</sup></span> They were trained to assess, treat, and disposition undifferentiated patients, resuscitating those who require it. Increasingly, they spend their time scanning a screen of unseen patients for risk of deterioration, debating a difficult disposition with a subspecialist over the phone, and attending to the complex needs of boarding inpatients. Overcrowding forces them to focus on optimising flow through an overwhelmed department, rather than walking with individual patients through their ED journey. It also eats into non-clinical time, at the expense of maintaining their skills as a critical care practitioner. Trainees are thinking about how things will look in 10 years; some are wondering if this is really what they want to do.</p><p>Overcrowding is a syndrome. ACEM has worked hard to diagnose the causes,<span><sup>2, 3</sup></span> but because these almost all originate outside of ED, they are difficult for ACEM and emergency physicians to address directly, requiring action from governments and other parts of the health system. In 2023, the <i>Emergency Medicine – Building our Future Summit</i><span><sup>4</sup></span> saw the coming together of College leaders, fellows and trainees, to discuss a way forward. Changing demographics and the expanding demands placed on us by overcrowding were highlighted. In response to this thin-spreading of our scope, and commensurate with trends elsewhere in medicine, the role of subspecialisation was discussed. In this issue, Metcalfe provides a timely review of the state of emergency medicine subspecialties and special interest pathways.<span><sup>5</sup></span> Protected opportunities to
{"title":"The future of emergency medicine in Australasia","authors":"Joshua I Smith MB ChB(Dist), BSc(Hons), PGCertCPU","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14526","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14526","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emergency medicine is sick. Right now, across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, EDs are overflowing with patients. Some have received all the care they need from ED staff, but are waiting to see busy inpatient specialists. Others are waiting for beds on wards that are already beyond capacity. Some tried to see their general practitioner when they became unwell a week ago, but there were no available appointments, and their condition worsened, necessitating an ED visit. Many have been assessed by the triage nurse as needing assessment within 30 minutes, but because of overcrowding, they will wait several hours; some will deteriorate before they see a doctor; occasionally, they will die waiting. Increasing numbers of the people waiting in the ED did not decide for themselves to come here: they are residents in understaffed aged care facilities with no after-hours medical care, and have been sent by ambulance after a fall or change in condition. They will spend 12 hours under fluorescent lights being needled by nurses, poked by physicians, missing medications and foregoing food, only to be sent home after a normal CT scan. As the cycle continues, pressure and temperature keep rising in the ED.</p><p>ED doctors want to serve their communities, but many are struggling in these unsustainable conditions.<span><sup>1</sup></span> They were trained to assess, treat, and disposition undifferentiated patients, resuscitating those who require it. Increasingly, they spend their time scanning a screen of unseen patients for risk of deterioration, debating a difficult disposition with a subspecialist over the phone, and attending to the complex needs of boarding inpatients. Overcrowding forces them to focus on optimising flow through an overwhelmed department, rather than walking with individual patients through their ED journey. It also eats into non-clinical time, at the expense of maintaining their skills as a critical care practitioner. Trainees are thinking about how things will look in 10 years; some are wondering if this is really what they want to do.</p><p>Overcrowding is a syndrome. ACEM has worked hard to diagnose the causes,<span><sup>2, 3</sup></span> but because these almost all originate outside of ED, they are difficult for ACEM and emergency physicians to address directly, requiring action from governments and other parts of the health system. In 2023, the <i>Emergency Medicine – Building our Future Summit</i><span><sup>4</sup></span> saw the coming together of College leaders, fellows and trainees, to discuss a way forward. Changing demographics and the expanding demands placed on us by overcrowding were highlighted. In response to this thin-spreading of our scope, and commensurate with trends elsewhere in medicine, the role of subspecialisation was discussed. In this issue, Metcalfe provides a timely review of the state of emergency medicine subspecialties and special interest pathways.<span><sup>5</sup></span> Protected opportunities to","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"36 6","pages":"968-969"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1742-6723.14526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What can emergency medicine in Australasia learn from the NHS?","authors":"Thomas A G Shanahan BA, MBChB, PGCert, MA, MRCEM","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14525","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14525","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"36 6","pages":"972-974"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Although Point of care Ultrasound (POCUS) use is widespread in EDs, there are no standardised training standards. A group of Australasian enthusiasts have produced a statement that encompasses current published and unpublished guidance for creating and maintaining robust POCUS programs in EDs. We publish two papers from the group that describe the processes they followed and the outcomes achieved. Their recommendations have five pillars of Infrastructure, Governance, Administration, Education and Quality. The guidelines are comprehensive and consideration should be given to adopting them as the benchmark for our specialty.</p><p>Joana Manton provides us with a fascinating literature review of the phenomenon of ED autoresuscitation. A systematic search of five databases with the keywords ‘autoresuscitation’, ‘cardiac arrest’ and ‘emergency department’ produced 240 papers and 26 cases. These then provided 26 cases of interest. The majority of people who auto-resuscitated did so within ten minutes of being pronounced dead. Eleven survivors were discharged neurologically intact. Only five patients had a bedside echocardiogram before resuscitation was stopped. Underreporting of autoresuscitation is suspected due to fears of blame. Passive monitoring for 10 min after resuscitation stops is recommended. There is need for more data on this phenomenon.</p><p>In recent years, the landscape of disasters, conflicts, and terror events has become more frequent and complex. Climate change, armed conflicts, terrorism, disinformation, cyber-attacks, inequality, and pandemics now present significant challenges to humanity. Emergency physicians today are likely to encounter ideologically motivated violent extremism or terrorist actions by radicalized lone actors. Terror medicine, distinct from disaster medicine, addresses the unique and severe injuries caused by terrorist incidents, including explosions, gunshots, and chemical agents. Understanding the broader public health implications of these attacks is crucial for emergency physicians to enhance community safety and resilience. We publish an excellent review that offers a comprehensive approach to understanding terror medicine, defining the concept of “terror,” its significance for emergency physicians, and the known health impacts on patients, healthcare workers, and responders.</p><p>Equitable access means that timely, sensitive, and respectful treatment is offered to all people. Adults with disability access ED care more frequently than the general population. However, in Australia and internationally, people with disability experience poorer healthcare access and outcomes than the general population. A team from Macquarie University offers us a systematic review of evaluated strategies implemented to improve care for people with disability in the ED.</p><p>Emergency physicians are often required to manage a diverse set of complex challenges; navigating direct patient care, systemic issues and inter-profe
{"title":"In this December issue","authors":"Geoff Hughes","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14520","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14520","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although Point of care Ultrasound (POCUS) use is widespread in EDs, there are no standardised training standards. A group of Australasian enthusiasts have produced a statement that encompasses current published and unpublished guidance for creating and maintaining robust POCUS programs in EDs. We publish two papers from the group that describe the processes they followed and the outcomes achieved. Their recommendations have five pillars of Infrastructure, Governance, Administration, Education and Quality. The guidelines are comprehensive and consideration should be given to adopting them as the benchmark for our specialty.</p><p>Joana Manton provides us with a fascinating literature review of the phenomenon of ED autoresuscitation. A systematic search of five databases with the keywords ‘autoresuscitation’, ‘cardiac arrest’ and ‘emergency department’ produced 240 papers and 26 cases. These then provided 26 cases of interest. The majority of people who auto-resuscitated did so within ten minutes of being pronounced dead. Eleven survivors were discharged neurologically intact. Only five patients had a bedside echocardiogram before resuscitation was stopped. Underreporting of autoresuscitation is suspected due to fears of blame. Passive monitoring for 10 min after resuscitation stops is recommended. There is need for more data on this phenomenon.</p><p>In recent years, the landscape of disasters, conflicts, and terror events has become more frequent and complex. Climate change, armed conflicts, terrorism, disinformation, cyber-attacks, inequality, and pandemics now present significant challenges to humanity. Emergency physicians today are likely to encounter ideologically motivated violent extremism or terrorist actions by radicalized lone actors. Terror medicine, distinct from disaster medicine, addresses the unique and severe injuries caused by terrorist incidents, including explosions, gunshots, and chemical agents. Understanding the broader public health implications of these attacks is crucial for emergency physicians to enhance community safety and resilience. We publish an excellent review that offers a comprehensive approach to understanding terror medicine, defining the concept of “terror,” its significance for emergency physicians, and the known health impacts on patients, healthcare workers, and responders.</p><p>Equitable access means that timely, sensitive, and respectful treatment is offered to all people. Adults with disability access ED care more frequently than the general population. However, in Australia and internationally, people with disability experience poorer healthcare access and outcomes than the general population. A team from Macquarie University offers us a systematic review of evaluated strategies implemented to improve care for people with disability in the ED.</p><p>Emergency physicians are often required to manage a diverse set of complex challenges; navigating direct patient care, systemic issues and inter-profe","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"36 6","pages":"805"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1742-6723.14520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sierra Beck, Bridget Honan, James L Mallows, Joseph Ting
{"title":"From Other Journals","authors":"Sierra Beck, Bridget Honan, James L Mallows, Joseph Ting","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14523","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14523","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"36 6","pages":"995-997"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Divide and conquer? Emergency medicine subspecialties in Australasia","authors":"Ryan D Metcalfe MBChB, PGCertCPU","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14527","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"36 6","pages":"970-971"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency medicine needs a narrower scope and a broader worldview","authors":"Tom Jerram MBChB, FACEM","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14524","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14524","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"36 6","pages":"975-976"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clare A. Skinner BSc, BA(Hons), MBBS, MPH, FACEM, AFRACMA
{"title":"Emergency medicine will stay big and become the acute decision-making nexus of future health systems","authors":"Clare A. Skinner BSc, BA(Hons), MBBS, MPH, FACEM, AFRACMA","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14529","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"36 6","pages":"977-978"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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