Emergency Medicine Australasia最新文献

{"title":"Impact of lifeguard oxygen therapy on the resuscitation of drowning victims: Results from an Utstein Style for Drowning Study.","authors":"Ogilvie Thom, Kym Roberts, Susan Devine, Peter A Leggat, Richard C Franklin","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14454","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>No published evidence was identified regarding the use of oxygen in the treatment of drowning in two recent systematic reviews. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of on scene, pre-Emergency Medical Services (EMS) oxygen therapy by lifeguards in the resuscitation of drowning victims.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a retrospective case match analysis of drowning patients presenting to the EDs of Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service. Patients were matched for age, sex and severity of drowning injury. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included positive pressure ventilation (PPV) by EMS and the ED, as well as admission to the Intensive Care Unit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 108 patients in each group. Median (IQR) age was 22 (15-43) in the oxygen group and 23 (15-44) years in the non-oxygen group. There were 45 females in the oxygen group and 41 females in the non-oxygen group. Sixteen patients had suffered cardiac arrest and three patients respiratory arrest in each group. There were five deaths in each group. Initial oxygen saturation on arrival of EMS was identical in both groups 89.2% (±19.9) in the oxygen group versus 89.3% (±21.1) (P = 0.294) in the non-oxygen group. The oxygen group required PPV more frequently with EMS (19 vs 11, P < 0.01) and in the ED (19 vs 15, P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>On scene treatment with oxygen by lifeguards did not improve oxygenation or outcomes in drowning patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health consumers' ethical concerns towards artificial intelligence in Australian emergency departments","authors":"Sam Freeman PhD,&nbsp;Jonathon Stewart MBBS, MMed(CritCare),&nbsp;Rebecca Kaard,&nbsp;Eden Ouliel,&nbsp;Adrian Goudie MBBS FACEM DDU,&nbsp;Girish Dwivedi MD, PhD, FRACP,&nbsp;Hamed Akhlaghi MD, PhD, FACEM","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14449","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14449","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate health consumers' ethical concerns towards the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in EDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Qualitative semi-structured interviews with health consumers, recruited via health consumer networks and community groups, interviews conducted between January and August 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We interviewed 28 health consumers about their perceptions towards the ethical use of AI in EDs. The results discussed in this paper highlight the challenges and barriers for the effective and ethical implementation of AI from the perspective of Australian health consumers. Most health consumers are more likely to support AI health tools in EDs if they continue to be involved in the decision-making process. There is considerably more approval of AI tools that support clinical decision-making, as opposed to replacing it. There is mixed sentiment about the acceptability of AI tools influencing clinical decision-making and judgement. Health consumers are mostly supportive of the use of their data to train and develop AI tools but are concerned with who has access. Addressing bias and discrimination in AI is an important consideration for some health consumers. Robust regulation and governance are critical for health consumers to trust and accept the use of AI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Health consumers view AI as an emerging technology that they want to see comprehensively regulated to ensure it functions safely and securely with EDs. Without considerations made for the ethical design, implementation and use of AI technologies, health consumer trust and acceptance in the use of these tools will be limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1742-6723.14449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide status of aeromedical pre-hospital and retrieval medicine in Australia","authors":"John Hollott BMed, FANZCA, FAWM,&nbsp;Scott Gelzinnis MD, BMedSci, BMus,&nbsp;Mary Morgan BHB, MBChB, FACEM, AFRACMA, MBA,&nbsp;Alan Garner OAM, MBBS, FACEM, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14448","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14448","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To survey the current structure, capability and operational scope of pre-hospital and retrieval aeromedical teams across Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The medical directors of all Australian civilian adult aeromedical retrieval organisations with pre-hospital teams and/or doctors for inter-hospital critical care patient transport were contacted in a survey to qualitatively assess capacity and team structure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All 17 organisations contacted completed the survey. While there is diversity in team structure with the pairing of doctors, paramedics and nurses, capacity for patient care is generally homogenous. A doctor/paramedic model is the more common team structure for rotary-wing missions, and doctor/nurse for fixed-wing. Differences are mostly due to state government controlled aspects of their health services. An advanced degree of intensive patient care occurs outside of the hospital. Land and sea rescue is an important aspect of Australian aeromedical work.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aeromedicine in Australia has many consistent elements, but variable contexts have resulted in a diversity of operational models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated intentional foreign body ingestion, what can be done?","authors":"Paris Hoey MBBS,&nbsp;Kimberley Ryan BN, MN,&nbsp;Clancy McDonald BN, MNP,&nbsp;Nathan J Brown PhD,&nbsp;Kym Boon MBBS, FRANZCP, FFPMANZA,&nbsp;Florian Grimpen MD, FRACP,&nbsp;Mark Appleyard MBBS, FRACP","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14451","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14451","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Repeated intentional foreign body ingestion (RIFBI) in patients with Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD) is a common clinical presentation to the emergency department. The relationship between repeated foreign body ingestion and a co-existent personality disorder diagnosis is complex, making it challenging to manage. Our institution implemented a novel interdisciplinary model of care for RIFBI as a way of improving health outcomes in this cohort of patients. Our observations following the model of care are presented herein. We encourage other health networks to adopt this model of care for managing RIBFI in EUPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Toxicology Service decreases the average length of stay of poisoned patients and saves bed days","authors":"Iain McNeill MBChB, FACEM,&nbsp;Andrew Staib MBBS, PhD,&nbsp;Katherine Z Isoardi BMed, FACEM","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14453","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14453","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to assess the impact a Virtual Toxicology Service had on the ALOS of poisoned patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This single-centre before-after study compares the ALOS of poisoned patients (diagnosis-related group X62, poisoning/toxic effects of drugs and other substances) following the introduction of a Virtual Toxicology Service in 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ALOS decreased from 0.89 days in the 2-year pre-intervention period to 0.62 days in the 3-year post-intervention period, with a potential bed saving of 703 days.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The introduction of a Virtual Toxicology Service appeared to be associated with a decreased ALOS of poisoned patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1742-6723.14453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Just a head knock? Emergency physicians need to get serious about concussion.","authors":"Alan J Pearce, Peter Wirth, Michelle Fitts","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.14452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention and awareness regarding concussion injury in Australia have significantly increased in the last decade. Although most of this increase is because of discussion regarding concussions from sporting endeavours, the majority of concussions are from non-sport environments including motor vehicle crashes, workplace incidents, falls, accidents, assault and intimate partner violence. In all cases, hospital EDs are the first point of contact, yet as argued in our Opinion here, there are concerns regarding the consistency of care protocols, because of a number of reasons, as well as management and follow-up clinical practices. Our Opinion is to provide a constructive discussion as well as calling for ACEM to support research to provide evidence-based data. Finally, we provide some recommendations that could be implemented immediately to improve clinical practice for presentations of concussion injuries in EDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of the maximum permitted dose of midazolam in seizure termination: Insights from New South Wales, Australia","authors":"Pieter Francsois Fouche PhD,&nbsp;Martin Nichols MHlthSc,&nbsp;Raquel Abrahams BHSc,&nbsp;Kristina Maximous BHSc,&nbsp;Jason Bendall MBBS, PhD","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14432","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14432","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out-of-hospital seizures demand rapid management. Midazolam plays a key role in stopping seizures. At times the first dose of midazolam proves insufficient, necessitating additional doses. Within the New South Wales Ambulance (NSWA) service, the upper limit for midazolam administration is set at 15 mg. However, the outcomes and safety of using midazolam at this maximum dosage have not been thoroughly investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective analysis of out of hospital electronic health records from New South Wales, Australia, over the year 2022, was conducted. The study manually reviewed cases where adult patients received the maximum dose of midazolam for seizure management by paramedics. It focused on seizure cessation success rates and the incidence of adverse effects to evaluate the clinical implications of high-dose midazolam administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 818 790 individual attendances by NSWA clinicians, a total of 11 392 (1.4%) adults had seizures noted, of which midazolam was administered in 2565 (22.5%). An algorithm shows that in 2352 (91.7%) instances the midazolam was associated with the apparent termination of seizures. Analysis revealed that 176 (1.5%) proportion of all adult's seizure patients required the maximum dose of midazolam for seizure control. These higher doses successfully terminate seizures in about half of the instances. AEs following the maximum dose of midazolam included hypoxia in 26.7% of patients and respiratory depression in 9.7%, indicating significant side effects at higher dosages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In New South Wales, Australia, administering the maximum dose of midazolam to seizure patients is rare but proves effective in approximately half of the refractory seizure cases. Therefore, assessing the potential for additional doses of midazolam or the use of a second-line agent is advisable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1742-6723.14432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Vitamin B17’: Killing more than cancer","authors":"Ingrid Berling BMed, FACEM, PgD(Clin Tox), PhD,&nbsp;Jared Brown BPharm(Hons), MPH, GradCertClinEpi(ClinTox),&nbsp;Brendan Toy MBBCh, DA, Dip PEC","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14450","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14450","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vitamin B17 tablets are sold (online) as an alternative cancer therapy medication. Its use however is not benign, given that it is metabolised into hydrogen cyanide. We aimed to measure the number of calls received by the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre (NSW PIC) regarding Amygdalin exposures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective review of all amygdalin/cyanogenic glycoside product ingestion exposure calls to NSW PIC between 2015 and 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 120 unique exposure calls. Eighty-two (68%) were regarding minor exposures, with the remaining 38 (32%) of calls involving patients who had either a signifcant history or symptoms to prompt referral to hospital or were already seeking advice from a treating hospital clinican.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a significant burden of concern generated from the misuse of cyanogenic glycoside products for cancer prevention and treatment, which can result in hospital admission carrying significant health risk and expenditure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1742-6723.14450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of an ambulance service-operated specialised cardiac vehicle with mobile extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation capacity for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Queensland, Australia","authors":"Tan N Doan PhD,&nbsp;Stephen Rashford MBBS, FACEM,&nbsp;Emma Bosley PhD","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14447","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14447","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extracorporeal CPR (E-CPR) has been primarily limited to the in-hospital setting. A few systems around the world have implemented pre-hospital mobile E-CPR in the form of a dedicated cardiac vehicle fitted with specialised equipment and clinicians required for the performance of E-CPR on-scene. However, evidence of the outcomes and cost-effectiveness of mobile E-CPR remain to be established. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical mobile E-CPR vehicle operated by Queensland Ambulance Service in the state of Queensland, Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We adapted our published mathematical model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of pre-hospital mobile E-CPR relative to current practice. In the model, a specialised cardiac vehicle with mobile E-CPR capability is deployed to selected OHCA patients, with eligible candidates receiving pre-hospital E-CPR in-field and rapid transport to the closest appropriate centre for in-hospital E-CPR. For comparison, non-candidates receive standard ACLS from a conventional ambulance response. Cost-effectiveness was expressed as Australian dollars ($, 2021 value) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pre-hospital mobile E-CPR improves outcomes compared to current practice at a cost of $27 323 per QALY gained. The cost-effectiveness of pre-hospital mobile E-CPR is sensitive to the assumption around the number of patients who are the targets of the vehicle, with higher patient volume resulting in improved cost-effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pre-hospital E-CPR may be cost-effective. Successful implementation of a pre-hospital E-CPR programme requires substantial planning, training, logistics and operational adjustments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bedside urine testing for fentanyl in self-reported heroin users in a tertiary Brisbane emergency department","authors":"Keith Harris MBBCh, BSc, FACEM,&nbsp;Amanda G Holford MD, FACEM,&nbsp;Benjamin G Learmont BNNP,&nbsp;Katherine Z Isoardi BMed, FACEM","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.14446","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.14446","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine if patients presenting to our toxicology unit following self-reported heroin use had positive urine immunoassay testing for fentanyl or its analogues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urine samples from consenting patients were tested at the bedside for the presence of opiates or fentanyl and its analogues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over a 30-month period, 58 patients were recruited. All samples tested positive for opiates, but none tested positive for fentanyl or its analogues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In patients presenting to our toxicology unit in Brisbane, we did not find any cases where the urine of patients self-reporting heroin exposure tested positive for fentanyl or its analogues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1742-6723.14446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}