Emergency Medicine Australasia最新文献

{"title":"Examining the Trends in Long Inpatient Length of Stay for Patients Admitted From New South Wales Emergency Departments 2015–2022: A State-Wide Data Linkage Study","authors":"Michele Fiorentino,&nbsp;Michael M. Dinh,&nbsp;Radhika Seimon,&nbsp;Kendall Bein","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine trends in inpatient length of stay and identify factors associated with increasing inpatient length of stay across diagnostic categories, using a state-wide linked data cohort over 8 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective cohort study utilised linked data from New South Wales (NSW) public hospitals between 2015 and 2022, encompassing over 4.5 million acute inpatient episodes. Long and prolonged inpatient length of stay was defined by 90th and 95th percentiles respectively across the study population. Demographic and clinical factors associated with increased inpatient length of stay were determined using multivariable ordinal logistic regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across 4.5 million admissions analysed between 2015 and 2022, long (9–16 days) and prolonged (&gt; 16 days) inpatient length of stay increased by 14% and 33%, respectively. Important factors associated with increasing inpatient length of stay included higher comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 6.61 (95% CI 6.56, 6.66)) and inpatient admission for mental health disorders (adjusted OR 5.32 (95% CI 5.26, 5.38)) and older age &gt; 80 years (adjusted OR 2.86 (95% CI 2.82, 2.90)). Admissions for haematological and oncology and mental health disorders had the highest proportions of long length of stay (&gt; 9 days).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A disproportionate increase in patients with prolonged inpatient length of stay, particularly in specific diagnostic categories, comorbidities and age groups was observed which may be contributing to hospital and Emergency Department overcrowding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145626018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doctors as Witnesses","authors":"Anna McNeil","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.70176","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As doctors, you may be called to give evidence in court either as a treating practitioner providing factual observations or as an expert witness offering a specialised opinion. Regardless of your role, your primary duty is to assist the court impartially, with objective, unbiased information. As treating doctors, you present what you saw, heard, or observed during patient care, while as an expert witness, you offer analysis based on your clinical knowledge and must comply with the court requirements. Understanding courtroom procedures—examination-in-chief, cross-examination, and re-examination—is important, as is preparation and consistency in clinical documentation. Accuracy in patient history, timing, and note-taking can significantly impact the reliability of medical evidence. Ultimately, your evidence can play a vital role in a court's understanding of medical issues, and your contribution supports the fair and informed administration of justice.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145596206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Emergency Doctors' Perspectives and Attitudes Regarding EBM and Chest X-Ray Request for Abdominal Pain","authors":"Brian Evans,&nbsp;Nicola Giannotti,&nbsp;Ernest Ekpo","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.70178","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.70178","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper aims to examine the current practice of Emergency Department (ED) doctors in the utilisation of chest x-rays (CXRs) for the diagnosis of abdominal pain. It also aims to examine ED doctors' attitudes towards evidence-based medicine (EBM) and the perceived barriers to implementing EBM at workplaces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional survey of ED doctors' utilisation of CXR for abdominal pain and their attitudes and perceived barriers to EBM was conducted using a modified validated questionnaire. The first section explored current practice and knowledge around the use of CXRs for patients who present with abdominal pain. The second section examined ED doctors' attitudes and approach to EBM. The final section examined ED doctors' implementation of EBM strategies in their workplace.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The survey was completed by 48 ED doctors from 16 different emergency departments throughout NSW. Almost 90% of participants (<i>n</i> = 43/48) agreed or strongly agreed that EBM was important in daily practice. 62.5% (<i>n</i> = 30/48) agreed or strongly agreed that their current practice was backed by EBM guidelines; however only 23% (<i>n</i> = 11/48) agreed or strongly agreed that they rely on scientific evidence only when making clinical decisions. 16.7% (<i>n</i> = 8/48) agreed or strongly agreed that changing current procedures at their workplace was straightforward.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ED doctors have positive attitudes towards EBM, even though they do not always rely solely on evidence for their practice. ED doctors are aware of the limitations of CXRs for the assessment of abdominal pain and are open to implementing guidelines to assist with imaging referrals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145596245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic Medicine in the Emergency Department: Principles, Practices and Challenges","authors":"Nicola Cunningham,&nbsp;Jo Ann Parkin","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.70175","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forensic medicine is the application of medical expertise to legal contexts and holds particular significance in the ED, where clinicians frequently encounter cases with medico-legal implications. In Australia, Clinical Forensic Medicine is a stand-alone specialty with an established fellowship pathway: the Fellowship of the Faculty of Clinical Forensic Medicine, Royal College of Pathologists Clinical Forensic Medicine. It is a unique medical discipline concerned with the provision of forensic medical services, primarily to the living. This article outlines the scope of clinical forensic medicine, with a focus on sexual assault assessment, forensic specimen collection and injury interpretation. It must be acknowledged, however, that the full scope of the discipline is much broader. This commentary briefly considers other forensically based medico-legal obligations, and the importance of balancing patient care with evidentiary integrity. Emergency clinicians require not only clinical acumen but also familiarity with legal frameworks to ensure their practice supports both medical and judicial outcomes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145596211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental Trauma in Australian Emergency Departments: Time for a New Perspective?","authors":"Luke Chung","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.70174","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.70174","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dental trauma represents a prevalent yet often overlooked concern within the emergency departments (ED) in Australasia. A range of traumatic dental injuries (TDI), particularly avulsion and dental fractures, requires timely intervention to preserve tooth vitality. However, studies show many emergency physicians in Australia and globally, highlight a lack of adequate training, confidence and limited guidelines in managing these conditions. Delays or inadequate management of these acute TDI can adversely affect patient outcomes. Despite the importance of this issue, there is a lack of prospective studies examining the management of TDI in Australasian EDs where triage systems prioritise life-threatening emergencies, and access to oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) or dental specialist services varies between metropolitan and regional hospitals. This article advocates for a reformation in emergency medicine practices in Australia, emphasising the need for structured educational programs, practical decision-making tools, and integrated referral systems that include on-call dental or OMFS teams.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145556562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Seizure Recurrence in Patients With Known Epilepsy Presenting to the Emergency Department After a Seizure","authors":"Isabella Terrington,&nbsp;Fiona McVerry,&nbsp;Anne-Maree Kelly","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.70172","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.70172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective Series of Poisonings in Brisbane, Australia 2014–2024: A Changing Pharmaceutical Landscape and the Rise of Recreational Intoxication","authors":"Amanda Holford,&nbsp;Keith Harris,&nbsp;Andrew Staib,&nbsp;Katherine Isoardi","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.70173","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical toxicology units in Australia manage patients presenting to hospital with a range of poisonings. We aim to describe poisoning presentations over the first decade of a clinical toxicology service.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a prospective observational series of poisoned patients managed by a Queensland clinical toxicology unit between 15 May 2014 and 14 May 2024. All patient presentations were recorded in a relational database. Data extracted included demographic information, exposure details, clinical features, treatment, complications and outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 20,609 presentations over the period involving 13,855 unique patients, with a median age of 32 years (Range: 0–98 years), males 7286 (52.6%). Most presentations (10,454, 50.7%) were for deliberate self-poisoning, followed by recreational intoxication (9107, 44.2%). Paracetamol was the most common pharmaceutical reported in overdose (2458, 11.9%), and methamphetamine was the most common recreational drug (5110, 24.8%). Methamphetamine exposures rose over the period from 158 presentations in 2014 to 717 presentations in 2024. Most patients (15,335, 74.4%) were managed through the Emergency Department Short Stay Treatment Area. The median length of stay was 13.1 h (IQR 7.2–19.8 h). Fifty-nine patients died with 24/59 (41%) deaths attributable to opioids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recreational intoxication increased over the study period, with methamphetamine intoxication overtaking paracetamol overdose to become the most common poisoning presentation in this series. Opioids account for the majority of overdose-related deaths.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What the Sigma? Exploring the Change From Single to Dual Anti-Platelet ROTEM on the FIBTEM to Clauss Fibrinogen Relationship in Neurotrauma","authors":"Abhiram Hiwase,&nbsp;Mahni Foster,&nbsp;Christopher Dillon Ovenden,&nbsp;Kit Yan Wong,&nbsp;Ngee Foo,&nbsp;Lola Kaukas,&nbsp;Benjamin Reddi,&nbsp;Adam J. Wells,&nbsp;Daniel Y. Ellis","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.70170","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Clauss fibrinogen (CF) assay is the clinical standard for detecting hypofibrinogenaemia in traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (TICH). This assay, however, is time-intensive limiting rapid coagulopathy management. FIBTEM, a module of the rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) <i>Sigma</i> device, alternatively provides a rapid point-of-care assessment of fibrin contribution to clot firmness. In many centres, FIBTEM is used as a surrogate for CF. Recently, the FIBTEM cartridge has been modified to include tirofiban in addition to cytochalasin, shifting from a single to dual anti-platelet formulation. The impact of this change on the established FIBTEM–CF relationship remains uncertain, and it is unclear if FIBTEM thresholds typically thought to corroborate with reduced CF remain valid.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study between February 2022 and 2025, evaluating the relationship between FIBTEM and CF before and after the cartridge modification at our institute. Eligible participants were patients with TICH and a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 14 who underwent FIBTEM and CF testing on simultaneously drawn samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The linear relationship between FIBTEM and CF was not influenced by cartridge type (<i>p</i> = 0.82). Diagnostic performance (AUROCs: 0.94 versus 0.95; <i>p</i> = 0.71) and the optimised cut-point (FIBTEM A5 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>≤</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ le $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 8 mm) for the detection of hypofibrinogenaemia were also comparable between the single and dual anti-platelet systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Similar relationships between FIBTEM and CF were observed for single and dual anti-platelet FIBTEM systems in TICH. Thresholds for fibrinogen replacement may be generalisable between single and dual anti-platelet FIBTEM systems; however, external validation is necessary.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Clinical Toxicologist Referrals at the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre","authors":"Charlotte Yim,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Buckley,&nbsp;Rose Cairns,&nbsp;Betty S. Chan","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.70171","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The four Australian Poisons Information Centres handle over 200,000 calls annually, with 1.5%–4.1% referred to clinical toxicologists. However, the types of drug poisonings most frequently referred and how these patterns change over time remain unclear. This study aims to analyse referral patterns to clinical toxicologists by the New South Wales (NSW) Poisons Information Centre.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective study examined referral patterns to clinical toxicologists at the NSW Poisons Information Centre. Calls involving human exposure were included; duplicate entries and recalls were excluded. Demographic and clinical data were analysed using descriptive statistics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between 2017 and 2022, the NSW Poisons Information Centre received 657,072 calls. Of these, 12,475 (1.9%) were referred to clinical toxicologists. Referrals rose from 1527 of 99,772 calls (1.5%) in 2017 to 2196 of 117,280 calls (1.9%) in 2022, averaging 1.9% annually. The median age was 32 years (IQR: 17–51), 53.7% were female (<i>n</i> = 6700) and 53.4% (<i>n</i> = 6665) involved deliberate self-poisoning. There was a notable rise in cases with moderate Poisoning Severity Scores (34.5% in 2018 vs. 45.0% in 2022). Paracetamol was the most frequently reported substance in referred calls (13.7%), followed by quetiapine (7.8%) and snake bites (6.0%). Most common categories of drug poisonings included non-opioid analgesics (21.9%), antidepressants (19.8%), atypical antipsychotics (13.5%), and opioids (8.1%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights a steady increase in Poisons Information Centre call volumes, accompanied by a rise in referral rates to clinical toxicologists and the number of cases with moderate Poisoning Severity Scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of a Pre-Hospital Virtual Triage and Care Model: A Mixed-Methods Pilot in Emergency Care","authors":"James Young-Jamieson,&nbsp;Roy Bekkeli,&nbsp;Adelaide Michael,&nbsp;Rachael Smithson","doi":"10.1111/1742-6723.70168","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1742-6723.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To date, research on pre-hospital telehealth has primarily been observational or conducted in controlled settings. This study examines the feasibility of a novel pre-hospital telehealth initiative—the Virtual Triage Assessment and Care (VTAC) model—and its potential impact on the efficiency of patient flow through the emergency department (ED). This study aims to contribute evidence regarding the practical implementation and outcomes of pre-hospital telehealth interventions in real-world settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study adopted a mixed method approach to combine data from electronic medical records, observations and surveys across a breadth of stakeholders. Quantitative data were analysed in a matched cohort analysis. Qualitative data were inductively themed and triangulated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-six patients were identified as eligible for VTAC, and it was successfully piloted in 10 patient cases over 3 days in October 2023. Pilot evidence suggests that virtual patient review following ambulance retrieval enabled senior medical assessment 81 min earlier and expedited diagnostic orders, facilitating earlier treatment planning and resulting in a 14% (50 min) reduction in emergency department length of stay. However, no significant improvements were observed in Queensland Ambulance Service crew cycle times. Patients reported high satisfaction with VTAC, with all surveyed agreeing telehealth was an acceptable triage method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early data indicates that the VTAC model is feasible and may support ED patient journey efficiencies. It further identifies several real-world enablers for integration into practice, including greater availability of critical technologies and governance structures that integrate virtual workflows with current ED processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11604,"journal":{"name":"Emergency Medicine Australasia","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12620601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}