Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6969
Ngadenin Ngadenin, I. Sukadana, H. Syaeful, Adi Gunawan Muhammad, F. D. Indrastomo, Ilsa Rosianna, R. C. Ciputra, Tyto Baskara Adimedha, F. Pratiwi, Yoshi Rachael
Bangka Island is an area rich in primary and secondary tin deposits. Tin deposits are formed around the contact between granite and older rocks, while secondary tin deposits are formed in the modern channels and paleochannels. Many previous researchers have researched radioactive minerals in primary tin deposits and modern channel deposits, but research on radioactive minerals in paleo channel deposits has never been carried out. The characterization of radioactive minerals in paleo channel deposits was done in this study to determine the potency of radioactive minerals in secondary tin deposits by comparing the content of radioactive minerals in paleochannels with modern channels and tin mine tailing deposits. The data used were mineralogical data and radioactivity data, along with the uranium and thorium content of the rocks from several previous studies. Data showed significant mineral content differences in paleo channel, modern channel, and tin mine tailings deposits. Mineral (monazite and zircon) content in tin mine tailing deposits was the highest. Source rocks for the radioactive minerals monazite and zircon are predicted to be the granitic rocks or tourmaline quartz veins of primary tin deposits. The radioactivity value of rocks in the paleo channel is relatively the same as the modern channel, ranging from 20 to 150 c/s. Uranium content in paleo channel is the same as modern channel deposits, ranging from 10 to 15 ppm eU. The thorium content of the rocks in the paleo channel ranges from 1 to 60 ppm eTh, while in the modern channel, it ranges from 1 to 45 ppm eTh. The radioactivity value and uranium content of the rocks are less effective for determining potential areas of radioactive minerals in placer tin deposits. In contrast, data on thorium content are quite effective for determining potential areas of radioactive minerals in placer tin deposits.
邦加岛是原生锡和次生锡矿藏丰富的地区。锡矿床形成于花岗岩与较古老岩石接触的周围，而次生锡矿床则形成于现代河道和古河道中。以往许多研究人员都对原生锡矿床和现代通道矿床中的放射性矿物进行过研究，但对古通道矿床中的放射性矿物的研究却从未开展过。本研究通过比较古河道与现代河道和锡矿尾矿床中放射性矿物的含量，对古河道矿床中放射性矿物的特征进行了研究，以确定次生锡矿床中放射性矿物的有效性。所使用的数据是矿物学数据和放射性数据，以及先前几项研究得出的岩石中铀和钍的含量。数据显示，古河道、现代河道和锡矿尾矿床的矿物含量存在明显差异。锡矿尾矿床中的矿物（独居石和锆石）含量最高。据预测，放射性矿物独居石和锆石的源岩是原生锡矿床的花岗岩或电气石石英脉。古河道岩石的放射性值与现代河道的放射性值相对相同，介于 20 至 150 c/s 之间。古河道的铀含量与现代河道矿床相同，介于 10 至 15 ppm eU 之间。古河道岩石中的钍含量介于 1 至 60 ppm eTh 之间，而现代河道中的钍含量介于 1 至 45 ppm eTh 之间。岩石的放射性值和铀含量对于确定块锡矿床中放射性矿物的潜在区域效果较差。相比之下，钍含量数据对确定块锡矿床中放射性矿物的潜在区域相当有效。
{"title":"Radioactive Mineral Distribution on Tin Placer Deposits of Southeast Asia Tin Belt Granite in Bangka Island","authors":"Ngadenin Ngadenin, I. Sukadana, H. Syaeful, Adi Gunawan Muhammad, F. D. Indrastomo, Ilsa Rosianna, R. C. Ciputra, Tyto Baskara Adimedha, F. Pratiwi, Yoshi Rachael","doi":"10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6969","url":null,"abstract":"Bangka Island is an area rich in primary and secondary tin deposits. Tin deposits are formed around the contact between granite and older rocks, while secondary tin deposits are formed in the modern channels and paleochannels. Many previous researchers have researched radioactive minerals in primary tin deposits and modern channel deposits, but research on radioactive minerals in paleo channel deposits has never been carried out. The characterization of radioactive minerals in paleo channel deposits was done in this study to determine the potency of radioactive minerals in secondary tin deposits by comparing the content of radioactive minerals in paleochannels with modern channels and tin mine tailing deposits. The data used were mineralogical data and radioactivity data, along with the uranium and thorium content of the rocks from several previous studies. Data showed significant mineral content differences in paleo channel, modern channel, and tin mine tailings deposits. Mineral (monazite and zircon) content in tin mine tailing deposits was the highest. Source rocks for the radioactive minerals monazite and zircon are predicted to be the granitic rocks or tourmaline quartz veins of primary tin deposits. The radioactivity value of rocks in the paleo channel is relatively the same as the modern channel, ranging from 20 to 150 c/s. Uranium content in paleo channel is the same as modern channel deposits, ranging from 10 to 15 ppm eU. The thorium content of the rocks in the paleo channel ranges from 1 to 60 ppm eTh, while in the modern channel, it ranges from 1 to 45 ppm eTh. The radioactivity value and uranium content of the rocks are less effective for determining potential areas of radioactive minerals in placer tin deposits. In contrast, data on thorium content are quite effective for determining potential areas of radioactive minerals in placer tin deposits.","PeriodicalId":11616,"journal":{"name":"EKSPLORIUM","volume":"25 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6480
Dita Claudia, Verry Andre Fabiani, Nurhadini Nurhadini, R. Prassanti
Thorium is an essential element as an alternative nuclear fuel to replace uranium. Thorium is found in the mineral monazite, which is a by-product of the alluvial tin mining process. Many methods have been used to extract and separate thorium from uranium and REEs from monazite, one of which is the organic solvent extraction method. In this research, the primene JMT, which is an extractant of primary amine compounds, was used in the method. The studied parameters are feed pH, JMT primene concentration, and stirring speed. The results show that the optimum conditions for Th extraction in monazite using solvent extraction method primene JMT were obtained at pH 0.5, extractant concentration of 2%, and stirring speed of 300 rpm with Th recovery of 94.05% while U and REE were not extracted.
{"title":"Separation of Thorium (Th) from Monazite Sand of Bangka Island using Primene JMT Solvent Extraction Method","authors":"Dita Claudia, Verry Andre Fabiani, Nurhadini Nurhadini, R. Prassanti","doi":"10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6480","url":null,"abstract":"Thorium is an essential element as an alternative nuclear fuel to replace uranium. Thorium is found in the mineral monazite, which is a by-product of the alluvial tin mining process. Many methods have been used to extract and separate thorium from uranium and REEs from monazite, one of which is the organic solvent extraction method. In this research, the primene JMT, which is an extractant of primary amine compounds, was used in the method. The studied parameters are feed pH, JMT primene concentration, and stirring speed. The results show that the optimum conditions for Th extraction in monazite using solvent extraction method primene JMT were obtained at pH 0.5, extractant concentration of 2%, and stirring speed of 300 rpm with Th recovery of 94.05% while U and REE were not extracted.","PeriodicalId":11616,"journal":{"name":"EKSPLORIUM","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140442543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6927
Nur Vita Permatasari, F. Abidin, Mifta Ulul Azmi, Yeni Novitasari, Abdul Hapid
The abundant wealth that Indonesia has is very profitable. Wealth is not only from natural resources, but wealth or biodiversity is also able to make Indonesia an independent country in managing its environment. One of the varieties that can be utilized is the existence of aquatic plants that can be used in the restoration of polluted environments. The ability of plants to recover from pollutants is called phytoremediation. Hexavalent chromium/ Cr(IV) is a hazardous waste originating from the washing of ore/open pit waste from rainwater washing. The quality standard allowed for Cr (IV), according to the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 9 of 2006, concerning the Quality Standard of Wastewater for Nickel Ore Mining Businesses and/or Activities is 0.1 mg/L. Besides being used to reduce pollutant loads, this aquatic plant can also provide aesthetic value because it has a very beautiful shape, type, color, and flowers. The purpose of this research is to find out which plants can be used to reduce hexavalent chromium levels. Variations of aquatic plants that can reduce levels of hexavalent chromium which are harmful to living things include water hyacinth/Eichornia crassipes; water hyacinth; Kayambang/ Salvinia Cucullata; Kiambang/ Apu Wood/ Pistia Stratiotes; Hydrilla verticillata; Water Bamboo/Equisetum hyemale; Water spinach / Ipomoea Aquatica; and Sagittaria lancifolia. This aquatic plant can reduce Cr (IV) up to 99.5%. The ability of these aquatic plants not only to reduce Cr (IV) but also to reduce TSS, BOD, and COD and to neutralize pH. The combination of several aquatic plants also provides a high effectiveness value.
{"title":"Phytoremediation of Hexavalent Chromium Using Aquatic Plants in Nickel Mine Waste","authors":"Nur Vita Permatasari, F. Abidin, Mifta Ulul Azmi, Yeni Novitasari, Abdul Hapid","doi":"10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6927","url":null,"abstract":"The abundant wealth that Indonesia has is very profitable. Wealth is not only from natural resources, but wealth or biodiversity is also able to make Indonesia an independent country in managing its environment. One of the varieties that can be utilized is the existence of aquatic plants that can be used in the restoration of polluted environments. The ability of plants to recover from pollutants is called phytoremediation. Hexavalent chromium/ Cr(IV) is a hazardous waste originating from the washing of ore/open pit waste from rainwater washing. The quality standard allowed for Cr (IV), according to the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 9 of 2006, concerning the Quality Standard of Wastewater for Nickel Ore Mining Businesses and/or Activities is 0.1 mg/L. Besides being used to reduce pollutant loads, this aquatic plant can also provide aesthetic value because it has a very beautiful shape, type, color, and flowers. The purpose of this research is to find out which plants can be used to reduce hexavalent chromium levels. Variations of aquatic plants that can reduce levels of hexavalent chromium which are harmful to living things include water hyacinth/Eichornia crassipes; water hyacinth; Kayambang/ Salvinia Cucullata; Kiambang/ Apu Wood/ Pistia Stratiotes; Hydrilla verticillata; Water Bamboo/Equisetum hyemale; Water spinach / Ipomoea Aquatica; and Sagittaria lancifolia. This aquatic plant can reduce Cr (IV) up to 99.5%. The ability of these aquatic plants not only to reduce Cr (IV) but also to reduce TSS, BOD, and COD and to neutralize pH. The combination of several aquatic plants also provides a high effectiveness value.","PeriodicalId":11616,"journal":{"name":"EKSPLORIUM","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140442560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6965
Suci Indryati, Amalia Ekaputri Hidayat, Afiq Azfar Pratama, Roza Indra Laksmana, K. Widana, Muhammad Alif Ramlan, Tri Purwanti, R. Prassanti, M. Anggraini, Rommy Rommy
Monazite contains several rare earth elements (REE) along with radioactive elements, i.e., thorium (Th) and uranium (U). Thorium content in monazite is several times higher than uranium. Monazite contains around 12% thorium oxide, but the thorium content in this mineral varies depending on location. To determine the thorium content in monazite, an appropriate and validated analytical method is needed so that the reliability of the test results can be trusted. Apart from that, method validation is one of the clauses in SNI ISO/IEC 17025:2017 that must be fulfilled by the laboratory to be certified and produce reliable data. This research aims to validate analytical methods for non-standard and modified methods that are likely to be used outside the scope. In this research, the method used to digest and analyze thorium in mineral samples refers to the ASTM E2941-14 method with several modifications. Therefore, the analysis method needs to be validated. Validation of the analytical method is carried out by testing several parameters such as linearity and working range tests, accuracy, precision (repeatability), Limit of Detection (LOD), and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ). The results of linearity, accuracy, and repeatability tests that meet the acceptance requirements can be used as a method of validation evaluation. The results of the method validation parameter test met the acceptance requirements, with the linearity test showing a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.997, the accuracy test showing % a recovery value of 106.22%, and the precision (repeatability) test showing %RSD of 3.76% with LOD value is 0.650 mg/L, and LOQ is 0.724 mg/L. Based on the results of these parameter tests, the method for analyzing thorium in mineral samples was validated.
{"title":"Analytical Method Validation of Thorium in Ore Sample Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer","authors":"Suci Indryati, Amalia Ekaputri Hidayat, Afiq Azfar Pratama, Roza Indra Laksmana, K. Widana, Muhammad Alif Ramlan, Tri Purwanti, R. Prassanti, M. Anggraini, Rommy Rommy","doi":"10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6965","url":null,"abstract":"Monazite contains several rare earth elements (REE) along with radioactive elements, i.e., thorium (Th) and uranium (U). Thorium content in monazite is several times higher than uranium. Monazite contains around 12% thorium oxide, but the thorium content in this mineral varies depending on location. To determine the thorium content in monazite, an appropriate and validated analytical method is needed so that the reliability of the test results can be trusted. Apart from that, method validation is one of the clauses in SNI ISO/IEC 17025:2017 that must be fulfilled by the laboratory to be certified and produce reliable data. This research aims to validate analytical methods for non-standard and modified methods that are likely to be used outside the scope. In this research, the method used to digest and analyze thorium in mineral samples refers to the ASTM E2941-14 method with several modifications. Therefore, the analysis method needs to be validated. Validation of the analytical method is carried out by testing several parameters such as linearity and working range tests, accuracy, precision (repeatability), Limit of Detection (LOD), and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ). The results of linearity, accuracy, and repeatability tests that meet the acceptance requirements can be used as a method of validation evaluation. The results of the method validation parameter test met the acceptance requirements, with the linearity test showing a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.997, the accuracy test showing % a recovery value of 106.22%, and the precision (repeatability) test showing %RSD of 3.76% with LOD value is 0.650 mg/L, and LOQ is 0.724 mg/L. Based on the results of these parameter tests, the method for analyzing thorium in mineral samples was validated.","PeriodicalId":11616,"journal":{"name":"EKSPLORIUM","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140442203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6918
E. R. Iswanto, Theo Alvin Riyanto, H. Suntoko
Soil characteristics mapping is one of the essential aspects in the development of a region. Soil characteristics such as the predominant frequency and thickness of the sediment layer are needed to ensure the capacity of soil against the load of an infrastructure construction. The existence of tectonic activity causes West Nusa Tenggara Province to be an area with high seismic activity. Along with the plan to accelerate the development of the Samota Area, seismic studies are one of the aspects that determine project feasibility. The predominant frequency value from the results of microtremor measurements is used in the development of an empirical formula to predict soil thickness in the Plampang area. The empirical formula from previous research is used as a conformity test of the empirical formula obtained. Empirical equations are then used to map variations in sediment thickness in the Plampang area, which are justified based on geological data. The results of the sediment thickness map based on the empirical formula for the Plampang area showed a good correlation with the predominant frequency and also showed a good correlation with the results of the formula that has been carried out by previous studies.
{"title":"Empirical Equation between Predominant Frequency and Sediment Thickness in Plampang, West Nusa Tenggara","authors":"E. R. Iswanto, Theo Alvin Riyanto, H. Suntoko","doi":"10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6918","url":null,"abstract":"Soil characteristics mapping is one of the essential aspects in the development of a region. Soil characteristics such as the predominant frequency and thickness of the sediment layer are needed to ensure the capacity of soil against the load of an infrastructure construction. The existence of tectonic activity causes West Nusa Tenggara Province to be an area with high seismic activity. Along with the plan to accelerate the development of the Samota Area, seismic studies are one of the aspects that determine project feasibility. The predominant frequency value from the results of microtremor measurements is used in the development of an empirical formula to predict soil thickness in the Plampang area. The empirical formula from previous research is used as a conformity test of the empirical formula obtained. Empirical equations are then used to map variations in sediment thickness in the Plampang area, which are justified based on geological data. The results of the sediment thickness map based on the empirical formula for the Plampang area showed a good correlation with the predominant frequency and also showed a good correlation with the results of the formula that has been carried out by previous studies.","PeriodicalId":11616,"journal":{"name":"EKSPLORIUM","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140442654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaolin is a term given to a group of phyllosilicate minerals whose layers have a 1:1 structure with Al2Si2O5(OH)4 composition. This type of kaolin phyllosilicate mineral is commonly known as a clay mineral. The kaolin clay group consists mainly of the kaolinite mineral or better known as white clay. Kaolin is widely applied in industries such as paper, ceramics, rubber, plastic, paint, fiberglass, cosmetics, etc. The processing of kaolin as an adsorbent can be carried out using physical activation, where the kaolin is washed and separated from the impurities and dried into a powder. Then the chemical activation of kaolin will go through a leaching process using HCl with optimal concentrations aimed at separating kaolin from impurities that are still chemically bound to kaolin. The results of the characteristics show recovery of 71.42% to 81.2% and moisture content <2%. The chemical composition of kaolin containing SiO2 was 53.32–67.32%, Al2O3 was 28.22–30.47%, Fe2O3 was 1.32%, CaO was 0.03%, MgO was 0.20%, MnO2 was 0.01%, K2O of 0.86%, NaO of 0.01%, Cr of 0.01%, LOI of 11.03%. The adsorption test results on Cu metal in CuSO4 solution showed the absorption of 62–93% of Cu metal which was adsorption.
{"title":"Activation of Kaolin Minerals from Ketapang Regency as Cu Metal Adsorbent Material","authors":"Sy. Indra Septiansyah, Idris Herkan Afandi, Retno Tasya Dirtami","doi":"10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.5802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.5802","url":null,"abstract":"Kaolin is a term given to a group of phyllosilicate minerals whose layers have a 1:1 structure with Al2Si2O5(OH)4 composition. This type of kaolin phyllosilicate mineral is commonly known as a clay mineral. The kaolin clay group consists mainly of the kaolinite mineral or better known as white clay. Kaolin is widely applied in industries such as paper, ceramics, rubber, plastic, paint, fiberglass, cosmetics, etc. The processing of kaolin as an adsorbent can be carried out using physical activation, where the kaolin is washed and separated from the impurities and dried into a powder. Then the chemical activation of kaolin will go through a leaching process using HCl with optimal concentrations aimed at separating kaolin from impurities that are still chemically bound to kaolin. The results of the characteristics show recovery of 71.42% to 81.2% and moisture content <2%. The chemical composition of kaolin containing SiO2 was 53.32–67.32%, Al2O3 was 28.22–30.47%, Fe2O3 was 1.32%, CaO was 0.03%, MgO was 0.20%, MnO2 was 0.01%, K2O of 0.86%, NaO of 0.01%, Cr of 0.01%, LOI of 11.03%. The adsorption test results on Cu metal in CuSO4 solution showed the absorption of 62–93% of Cu metal which was adsorption.","PeriodicalId":11616,"journal":{"name":"EKSPLORIUM","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81755694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.5835
Tober Mardain, Y. I. Arifin, M. Kasim, Dhani Rhamdani Rosadi
Bolaang Mongondow is located on the Eastern North arm of Sulawesi. This area is a Neogene-aged magmatic arc composed of plutonic and volcanic rocks that indicate mineralization-bearing host rocks. The study aimed to determine the geological setting and alteration based on geological observations and geochemical analysis. The method used is geological mapping, followed by laboratory and studio data analysis. The lithology of this area is composed of andesite, diorite, and pyroclastic breccia units. Two main faults are the Northwest-Southeast trending dextral fault and the Northeast-Southwest trending sinistral fault, which causes hydrothermal mineral alteration. Mineral alteration in the study area is divided into several zones, including the Silicification Zone (massive silica + vuggy silica), Advance Argillic Zone (illite + alunite + dickite + halloysite + kaolinite), Argillic Zone (illite + montmorillonite + pyrophyllite), Prophyllitic Zone (chlorite + montmorillonite). The presence of mineral assemblages and alteration zones shows the characteristics of High Sulfide Epithermal deposits with the highest level of 0.47/ppm in the Advance Argillic Zone.
{"title":"Geology and Alteration of East Pinolosian Area, Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi Province","authors":"Tober Mardain, Y. I. Arifin, M. Kasim, Dhani Rhamdani Rosadi","doi":"10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.5835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.5835","url":null,"abstract":"Bolaang Mongondow is located on the Eastern North arm of Sulawesi. This area is a Neogene-aged magmatic arc composed of plutonic and volcanic rocks that indicate mineralization-bearing host rocks. The study aimed to determine the geological setting and alteration based on geological observations and geochemical analysis. The method used is geological mapping, followed by laboratory and studio data analysis. The lithology of this area is composed of andesite, diorite, and pyroclastic breccia units. Two main faults are the Northwest-Southeast trending dextral fault and the Northeast-Southwest trending sinistral fault, which causes hydrothermal mineral alteration. Mineral alteration in the study area is divided into several zones, including the Silicification Zone (massive silica + vuggy silica), Advance Argillic Zone (illite + alunite + dickite + halloysite + kaolinite), Argillic Zone (illite + montmorillonite + pyrophyllite), Prophyllitic Zone (chlorite + montmorillonite). The presence of mineral assemblages and alteration zones shows the characteristics of High Sulfide Epithermal deposits with the highest level of 0.47/ppm in the Advance Argillic Zone.","PeriodicalId":11616,"journal":{"name":"EKSPLORIUM","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87926477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.6415
Rizky Putri Ariani, H. W. Utama
Tantan granitoids are Late Triassic–Early Jurassic age intrusive rocks that are quite extensive and can be partially found in Sungai Manau Sub-district, Merangin Regency, Jambi Province. Tantan granitoids are found in the Barisan Hills physiography, a magmatic arc line on Sumatra Island. Tantan granitoids are interesting to observe to explain rock formation. The petrographic and XRF analyses can provide insight into the intrusive rock type, its relationship to the tectonic framework, and magmatism. The trend of potential mineral resources can be interpreted based on the granitoid-type approach. The Tantan Granitoid Intrusion has two types of rocks: granite and quartz monzodiorite. Granite and quartz monzodiorite are sub-alkaline magma types, with the granitoid type being I-type metaluminous, which tends to have potential with base metal minerals associated with hornblende minerals from observations or petrographic analysis. Based on the TAS diagram of Na2O+K2O vs. SiO2 shows that the sub-alkaline magma type is a calc-alkaline series type in the K2O vs. SiO2 diagram and a calc-alkaline type in the AFM diagram. This data analysis shows that the tectonic formation of the Tantan Granitoid magma was formed from orogenic results in the form of a Continental Arc. This type can be associated with Meso-Thetic subduction activities against the West Sumatra Sundablock during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic. Structures in the study area include northwest-southeast trending horizontal faults, including Batang Tantan Fault, Tiangko Fault, Sei Tengko Fault, and Serik Fault, then northeast–southwest trending regional faults, and relatively downward trending faults, namely Serik Fault and Betung Fault. The formation of fault structures is believed to result from subduction tectonic processes during this period.
潭潭花岗岩类为晚三叠世—早侏罗世侵入岩，分布广泛，在占碑省Merangin县Sungai Manau街有部分花岗岩类。探滩花岗岩类发现于苏门答腊岛上的一条岩浆弧线——巴里山地貌。探滩花岗岩类对解释岩石的形成非常有趣。岩石学和XRF分析可以深入了解侵入岩类型及其与构造格架和岩浆作用的关系。基于花岗岩类方法可以解释潜在矿产资源的趋势。探滩花岗岩体主要有花岗岩体和石英二黄长岩两类岩石。花岗岩和石英二辉长岩为亚碱性岩浆类型，花岗岩类为i型含矿岩浆类型，从观察和岩相分析来看，与角闪石矿物伴生的贱金属矿物具有潜在的成矿潜力。根据Na2O+K2O vs. SiO2的TAS图表明，亚碱性岩浆类型在K2O vs. SiO2图中为钙碱性系列岩浆类型，在AFM图中为钙碱性类型。资料分析表明，探滩花岗质岩浆的构造形成是在大陆弧的造山作用下形成的。该类型与晚三叠世-早侏罗世西苏门答腊sundblock的中侏罗俯冲活动有关。研究区构造主要有西北-东南走向的水平断裂，包括巴塘滩滩断裂、天谷断裂、世腾谷断裂、Serik断裂，然后是东北-西南走向的区域性断裂，以及相对下行的Serik断裂和间统断裂。断裂构造的形成被认为是这一时期俯冲构造作用的结果。
{"title":"Petrogenesis and Geological Structure of Tantan Granitoid in Sungai Manau District, Merangin Regency, Jambi Province","authors":"Rizky Putri Ariani, H. W. Utama","doi":"10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.6415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.6415","url":null,"abstract":"Tantan granitoids are Late Triassic–Early Jurassic age intrusive rocks that are quite extensive and can be partially found in Sungai Manau Sub-district, Merangin Regency, Jambi Province. Tantan granitoids are found in the Barisan Hills physiography, a magmatic arc line on Sumatra Island. Tantan granitoids are interesting to observe to explain rock formation. The petrographic and XRF analyses can provide insight into the intrusive rock type, its relationship to the tectonic framework, and magmatism. The trend of potential mineral resources can be interpreted based on the granitoid-type approach. The Tantan Granitoid Intrusion has two types of rocks: granite and quartz monzodiorite. Granite and quartz monzodiorite are sub-alkaline magma types, with the granitoid type being I-type metaluminous, which tends to have potential with base metal minerals associated with hornblende minerals from observations or petrographic analysis. Based on the TAS diagram of Na2O+K2O vs. SiO2 shows that the sub-alkaline magma type is a calc-alkaline series type in the K2O vs. SiO2 diagram and a calc-alkaline type in the AFM diagram. This data analysis shows that the tectonic formation of the Tantan Granitoid magma was formed from orogenic results in the form of a Continental Arc. This type can be associated with Meso-Thetic subduction activities against the West Sumatra Sundablock during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic. Structures in the study area include northwest-southeast trending horizontal faults, including Batang Tantan Fault, Tiangko Fault, Sei Tengko Fault, and Serik Fault, then northeast–southwest trending regional faults, and relatively downward trending faults, namely Serik Fault and Betung Fault. The formation of fault structures is believed to result from subduction tectonic processes during this period.","PeriodicalId":11616,"journal":{"name":"EKSPLORIUM","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78620188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.6623
A. Widagdo, Gde Sukadana, F. D. Indrastomo
Quartz veins in the Jendi area and its surroundings are formed by geological structures with distributions and patterns that need to be known. This study uses data on striation, quartz vein orientation, and metal content in quartz veins. The use of this data aims to determine the relationship between the vein direction pattern and its metal mineral content with the main structure that forms it. The results of this study can be useful in determining the structural model and distribution of veins in the study area. The research method was carried out through a series of field and laboratory work. Fieldwork includes measuring striation data, measuring the orientation of quartz veins, and taking quartz vein samples. Studio work includes stereographic analysis of striation data, rosette diagram analysis of vein measurement data, and analysis of metallic element content of quartz veins. The quartz vein mineralization zone in the study area is controlled by a right slip fault with a northwest-southeast trend that forms a transtension zone with a north-south trend. The north-south trending veins are generally thick, long/continuous, and have a high metal content.
{"title":"Geological Structure Control on the Formation of Metal Mineralization at Quartz Veins in Jendi Village, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java","authors":"A. Widagdo, Gde Sukadana, F. D. Indrastomo","doi":"10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.6623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.6623","url":null,"abstract":"Quartz veins in the Jendi area and its surroundings are formed by geological structures with distributions and patterns that need to be known. This study uses data on striation, quartz vein orientation, and metal content in quartz veins. The use of this data aims to determine the relationship between the vein direction pattern and its metal mineral content with the main structure that forms it. The results of this study can be useful in determining the structural model and distribution of veins in the study area. The research method was carried out through a series of field and laboratory work. Fieldwork includes measuring striation data, measuring the orientation of quartz veins, and taking quartz vein samples. Studio work includes stereographic analysis of striation data, rosette diagram analysis of vein measurement data, and analysis of metallic element content of quartz veins. The quartz vein mineralization zone in the study area is controlled by a right slip fault with a northwest-southeast trend that forms a transtension zone with a north-south trend. The north-south trending veins are generally thick, long/continuous, and have a high metal content.","PeriodicalId":11616,"journal":{"name":"EKSPLORIUM","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86232512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.6708
Abimanyu Bondan Wicaksono Setiaji, I. Satyarno, A. Harijoko
The existence of nuclear installations in the Yogyakarta Nuclear Area is vulnerable to the eruption of Mount Merapi, the most active volcano in Indonesia. Tephra hazard has the potential to threaten the operational activities of nuclear installations in the Yogyakarta Nuclear Area; thus, it is necessary to analyze the distribution and potential hazard of volcanic ash from Mount Merapi for future eruptions. Numerical modelling is used in analyzing tephra distribution using TEPHRA2 software with parameters of the 2010 Mount Merapi eruption, which is then visualized to isomass and isopach maps of tephra distribution. The analysis resulted in the ash dispersion leading to the Yogyakarta Nuclear Area in April, May, June, and August with an accumulated mass of 20-50 kg/m3 with a thickness of 0.2-12 cm. It is necessary to deal with volcanic ash hazards such as roof strength, secondary cooling system, filtering system, and electrical system for several installations in the Yogyakarta Nuclear Area.
{"title":"Volcanic Ash Fall Hazard of Mount Merapi on Yogyakarta Nuclear Area","authors":"Abimanyu Bondan Wicaksono Setiaji, I. Satyarno, A. Harijoko","doi":"10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.6708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.2.6708","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of nuclear installations in the Yogyakarta Nuclear Area is vulnerable to the eruption of Mount Merapi, the most active volcano in Indonesia. Tephra hazard has the potential to threaten the operational activities of nuclear installations in the Yogyakarta Nuclear Area; thus, it is necessary to analyze the distribution and potential hazard of volcanic ash from Mount Merapi for future eruptions. Numerical modelling is used in analyzing tephra distribution using TEPHRA2 software with parameters of the 2010 Mount Merapi eruption, which is then visualized to isomass and isopach maps of tephra distribution. The analysis resulted in the ash dispersion leading to the Yogyakarta Nuclear Area in April, May, June, and August with an accumulated mass of 20-50 kg/m3 with a thickness of 0.2-12 cm. It is necessary to deal with volcanic ash hazards such as roof strength, secondary cooling system, filtering system, and electrical system for several installations in the Yogyakarta Nuclear Area.","PeriodicalId":11616,"journal":{"name":"EKSPLORIUM","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81601249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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