In this study, we examined the risk of offshore travel from the dimensions of tourists and purveyors in the tourism industry. A questionnaire survey was administered for data collection. A factor analysis was performed to determine respondents’ perceptions, evaluations and responses, and demands and intentions concerning travel risk, as well as the degree of hazard impact. The analysis results were then used to investigate the similarities and difference of travelers’ and tourism purveyors’ travel demands. Survey analysis results indicated partial significant differences between travel behaviors and travel risk awareness and travel risk evaluations and responses. In addition, travel risk awareness was partially correlated to travel risk evaluations and responses, travel risk demand and intentions, and degree of hazard impact. Respondents with higher travel risk awareness were more careful in evaluating hazard risk, consequently influencing their tourism and travel behaviors. Applying the analysis results, we addressed traveler-related, operator-related, and environment-related travel risk factors proposed a response strategy for minimizing travel risk, helping parties in the tourism industry cope with hazards and minimizing the risk and losses associated with hazards.
{"title":"Cognition and Assessment of Tourism Disaster Risk Based on a Tourism Spot of Green Island","authors":"Wen-Ching Wang, Ching-Jung Wang","doi":"10.5539/enrr.v8n4p32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v8n4p32","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we examined the risk of offshore travel from the dimensions of tourists and purveyors in the tourism industry. A questionnaire survey was administered for data collection. A factor analysis was performed to determine respondents’ perceptions, evaluations and responses, and demands and intentions concerning travel risk, as well as the degree of hazard impact. The analysis results were then used to investigate the similarities and difference of travelers’ and tourism purveyors’ travel demands. Survey analysis results indicated partial significant differences between travel behaviors and travel risk awareness and travel risk evaluations and responses. In addition, travel risk awareness was partially correlated to travel risk evaluations and responses, travel risk demand and intentions, and degree of hazard impact. Respondents with higher travel risk awareness were more careful in evaluating hazard risk, consequently influencing their tourism and travel behaviors. Applying the analysis results, we addressed traveler-related, operator-related, and environment-related travel risk factors proposed a response strategy for minimizing travel risk, helping parties in the tourism industry cope with hazards and minimizing the risk and losses associated with hazards.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"53 36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80651844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In processing data of pumping tests of single wells at constant pumping rate the drawdown during the first fraction of minutes is modeled by a linear function of time as the well-bore storage. After a few minutes of pumping the drawdown is considered to be described by a solution of the Theis differential equation. The time span between these two ”regimes”is here named transition phase of the test. Models of this phase are suggested. These models were tested on a number of data sets, some results are shown in the closing part of this communication. It turns out that data in the transition phase contain significant information on the vicinity of the bore.
{"title":"On a Transition Phase in Single Well Tests Data","authors":"J. Gregor, F. Pastuszek","doi":"10.5539/enrr.v8n4p46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v8n4p46","url":null,"abstract":"In processing data of pumping tests of single wells at constant pumping rate the drawdown during the first fraction of minutes is modeled by a linear function of time as the well-bore storage. After a few minutes of pumping the drawdown is considered to be described by a solution of the Theis differential equation. The time span between these two ”regimes”is here named transition phase of the test. Models of this phase are suggested. These models were tested on a number of data sets, some results are shown in the closing part of this communication. It turns out that data in the transition phase contain significant information on the vicinity of the bore.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83767853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most important climatic phenomena of our planet on the threshold of this third millennium is undoubtedly that of global warming. This phenomenon, whose impact on the global environment is disastrous, has been attracting the attention of the international community since the end of the last century. Global warming can be observed on a global scale, but with regional and local signatures. In Togo, the Maritime region which houses the bulk of industrial activities (90%) and densely populated (40% of the national population), would be more exposed to the effects of global warming than all the other regions of the country. The current study uses meteorological and hydrological data to calculate statistical indexes which show the evolution of temperatures and water resources variability. The aim is to detect the signs of global warming and the variability of water resources in order to envisage better adaptation strategies. The results of the analysis of climate data for a long enough period (30 to 50 years) demonstrated a change on rain distribution after 1960 which is prejudicial to rainfall agriculture practiced by about 90% of Togolese crop growers, and an augmentation of the average temperature about 2.2 degree celsius for Lomé and 1.7 degree celsius for Tabligbo.
{"title":"Global Warming and Water Resources Variability in the Maritime Region of Togo (West Africa)","authors":"Kwami Coco Dzidula Agbewornu","doi":"10.5539/ENRR.V8N4P49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ENRR.V8N4P49","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important climatic phenomena of our planet on the threshold of this third millennium is undoubtedly that of global warming. This phenomenon, whose impact on the global environment is disastrous, has been attracting the attention of the international community since the end of the last century. Global warming can be observed on a global scale, but with regional and local signatures. In Togo, the Maritime region which houses the bulk of industrial activities (90%) and densely populated (40% of the national population), would be more exposed to the effects of global warming than all the other regions of the country. The current study uses meteorological and hydrological data to calculate statistical indexes which show the evolution of temperatures and water resources variability. The aim is to detect the signs of global warming and the variability of water resources in order to envisage better adaptation strategies. The results of the analysis of climate data for a long enough period (30 to 50 years) demonstrated a change on rain distribution after 1960 which is prejudicial to rainfall agriculture practiced by about 90% of Togolese crop growers, and an augmentation of the average temperature about 2.2 degree celsius for Lomé and 1.7 degree celsius for Tabligbo.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85074275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) play a central role in physico-chemical fertility of a soil, and thus promoting agricultural productivity. Yet little is known about SOC and TN dynamics in tropical ferruginous soils of Sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, thicket and intergrowth soil samples, under both cultivation and perennial grass fallow (Andropogon gayanus), were collected in Bondoukuy, western Burkina Faso. The samples were fractionated and their SOC and TN contents in six organo-mineral fractions were analyzed. Because of the high labile organic matter pools in coarse sand fractions, SOC (~630 µg C g –1 soil) associated with these fractions appeared to be more accessible to soil microbes than recalcitrant and occluded pools (~440 µg C g –1 soil) within the fine fractions of the fallow soils. The results also indicated that clay fractions are likely to represent a source of the available nitrogen to crop following long fallow periods (~20 years). In contrast, the differences in TN contents were not significant (p>0.05) between ploughed plots and young fallow lands (~10 years). The substantial decrease in C/N ratios from coarse particulate organic matter pools (C/N=68) to fine pools (C/N=10) suggested an increase in the SOC decomposition rate in the fine fractions. This indicates a substantial decrease in microbial activities following a reduction in particulate organic matter sizes. The SOC contents were relatively high in coarse (~930 µg C g –1 soil) fractions of the thicket soils compared to those of the adjacent intergrowth soils (~620 µg C g –1 soil). A similar SOC distribution pattern was also observed in fine fractions of the thicket and the intergrowth soils. Total nitrogen also exhibited a high distribution pattern in fine sand and very fine sand fractions. The findings of this study demonstrated that SOC and TN restoration in semi-arid tropical savannah soils is a function of particulate organic matter sizes, vegetation type and soil management practices.
土壤有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TN)在土壤理化肥力中起核心作用，从而促进农业生产力。然而，对撒哈拉以南非洲热带含铁土壤的有机碳和全氮动态知之甚少。在布吉纳法索西部Bondoukuy，采集了种植和多年生草地(Andropogon gayanus)下的灌丛和共生土壤样品。对样品进行分馏，分析了6个有机矿物组分的有机碳和全氮含量。由于粗砂组分具有较高的挥发性有机质库，与粗砂组分相关的有机碳(~630µg C g -1土壤)似乎比休耕土壤细粒组分中顽固和封闭的有机碳库(~440µg C g -1土壤)更容易被土壤微生物所利用。结果还表明，粘土组分可能代表了长休耕期(~20年)后作物有效氮的来源。耕作区与幼休地(~10年)间全氮含量差异不显著(p>0.05)。粗颗粒有机质池(C/N=68)与细颗粒有机质池(C/N=10)的C/N比值显著降低，表明细颗粒有机质池中有机碳分解速率增加。这表明，随着颗粒物有机物大小的减少，微生物活动大幅减少。粗粒灌丛土壤(~930µg C g -1土壤)的有机碳含量相对高于相邻的共生土壤(~620µg C g -1土壤)。在灌丛和互生土壤中，土壤有机碳的分布也具有相似的规律。总氮在细砂和极细砂组分中也表现出较高的分布规律。研究结果表明，半干旱热带稀树草原土壤有机碳和全氮的恢复是颗粒有机质大小、植被类型和土壤管理措施的函数。
{"title":"Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Thickets and Intergrowth Areas of Sudanian Savannah Grasslands, Bondoukuy, Western Burkina Faso","authors":"M. Yoni, A. Sako, L. Abbadie, G. Serpantié","doi":"10.5539/ENRR.V8N4P16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ENRR.V8N4P16","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) play a central role in physico-chemical fertility of a soil, and thus promoting agricultural productivity. Yet little is known about SOC and TN dynamics in tropical ferruginous soils of Sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, thicket and intergrowth soil samples, under both cultivation and perennial grass fallow (Andropogon gayanus), were collected in Bondoukuy, western Burkina Faso. The samples were fractionated and their SOC and TN contents in six organo-mineral fractions were analyzed. Because of the high labile organic matter pools in coarse sand fractions, SOC (~630 µg C g –1 soil) associated with these fractions appeared to be more accessible to soil microbes than recalcitrant and occluded pools (~440 µg C g –1 soil) within the fine fractions of the fallow soils. The results also indicated that clay fractions are likely to represent a source of the available nitrogen to crop following long fallow periods (~20 years). In contrast, the differences in TN contents were not significant (p>0.05) between ploughed plots and young fallow lands (~10 years). The substantial decrease in C/N ratios from coarse particulate organic matter pools (C/N=68) to fine pools (C/N=10) suggested an increase in the SOC decomposition rate in the fine fractions. This indicates a substantial decrease in microbial activities following a reduction in particulate organic matter sizes. The SOC contents were relatively high in coarse (~930 µg C g –1 soil) fractions of the thicket soils compared to those of the adjacent intergrowth soils (~620 µg C g –1 soil). A similar SOC distribution pattern was also observed in fine fractions of the thicket and the intergrowth soils. Total nitrogen also exhibited a high distribution pattern in fine sand and very fine sand fractions. The findings of this study demonstrated that SOC and TN restoration in semi-arid tropical savannah soils is a function of particulate organic matter sizes, vegetation type and soil management practices.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87336098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, Chinese government is actively advancing the targeted poverty alleviation on a countrywide scale. It is difficult to conduct in some areas e.g. sandy land region and some arid and semi-arid region where the water is a shortage. In these areas, it is more important to solve ecological environment question than developing agriculture. So, to find some economic forest species that held certain ecological function of sand protection was in urgent need. Cerasus humilis, which has good health function and excellent in cold-resistance and drought-resistance, was introduced to Mu Us Sandy land. In this study, we found that this kind plant could well adapt to the sandy climate and bears fruit. In the future, the targeted poverty alleviation in the rural areas of northern Shaanxi will be based on planting Cerasus humilis gradually.
{"title":"Deserticulture Contributes to Targeted Poverty Alleviation Part I: An Advance Planting Test in Mu Us Sandy Land","authors":"G. Fu, Ningning Zhang, Yan Wen, Jiakun Yan","doi":"10.5539/enrr.v8n4p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v8n4p12","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, Chinese government is actively advancing the targeted poverty alleviation on a countrywide scale. It is difficult to conduct in some areas e.g. sandy land region and some arid and semi-arid region where the water is a shortage. In these areas, it is more important to solve ecological environment question than developing agriculture. So, to find some economic forest species that held certain ecological function of sand protection was in urgent need. Cerasus humilis, which has good health function and excellent in cold-resistance and drought-resistance, was introduced to Mu Us Sandy land. In this study, we found that this kind plant could well adapt to the sandy climate and bears fruit. In the future, the targeted poverty alleviation in the rural areas of northern Shaanxi will be based on planting Cerasus humilis gradually.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89080944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decaying leaves provide a major carbon source for mosquito larvae and leaf litter of different plant species vary in their ability to support mosquito growth, survival, and development. Thus analyzing the effects of leaf species treatment on development time of Aedes albopictus has the potential to discover a plant-based strategy for mosquito control. Here, we employ a statistical model named copula that provides a convenient methodology for modeling multivariate dependence to determine the association between leaf litter identify and mosquito performance. A copula that best fits the association of leaf litters on mosquito performance is selected, and statistical tests are performed to check the adequacy of the copula chosen. By computer-based Monte Carlo methods, a large number of simulated development times are generated under the copula chosen. From the simulated development times, we calculate the percentiles to determine expected development time of female Aedes albopictus under the five different leaf species treatments, and compared the results to those when all the effects of leaf infusion are combined.
{"title":"Copula Modeling of Differential Effect of Leaf Species on Aedes albopictus Development Time","authors":"Chang-Hyun Kim, E. Muturi, Seunghwan Lee","doi":"10.5539/enrr.v8n4p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v8n4p1","url":null,"abstract":"Decaying leaves provide a major carbon source for mosquito larvae and leaf litter of different plant species vary in their ability to support mosquito growth, survival, and development. Thus analyzing the effects of leaf species treatment on development time of Aedes albopictus has the potential to discover a plant-based strategy for mosquito control. Here, we employ a statistical model named copula that provides a convenient methodology for modeling multivariate dependence to determine the association between leaf litter identify and mosquito performance. A copula that best fits the association of leaf litters on mosquito performance is selected, and statistical tests are performed to check the adequacy of the copula chosen. By computer-based Monte Carlo methods, a large number of simulated development times are generated under the copula chosen. From the simulated development times, we calculate the percentiles to determine expected development time of female Aedes albopictus under the five different leaf species treatments, and compared the results to those when all the effects of leaf infusion are combined.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78238389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development and management of the Czech landscape has been influenced by several key factors in the past. One important factor is the development of society, particularly political changes and ecological development. Others include the level of knowledge and understanding of technologies, scientific knowledge and the non-productive importance of the landscape, as well as the attitude of society and individuals towards the landscape. In the past, non-forest woody vegetation was a standard part of the European agricultural landscape and formed its typical appearance. The onset of collective farming during the second half of the twentieth century resulted in transforming the landscape into open fields without permanent vegetation. The landscape became everyone’s and no-one’s and was subject to orders, tasks and plans. The key goal of this article is to evaluate non-forest woody vegetation from a landscape-ecological aspect and compare the occurrence of non-forest woody vegetation in four landscape types. The submitted study presents various types of non-forest woody vegetation, the species present in elements of scattered greenery and the spatial arrangement depending on the method of management and use of the territory.
{"title":"Non-Forest Woody Vegetation (Scattered Greenery) Case Study of the Samopse Settlement, Czech Republic","authors":"Z. Krupková","doi":"10.5539/ENRR.V8N3P214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ENRR.V8N3P214","url":null,"abstract":"The development and management of the Czech landscape has been influenced by several key factors in the past. One important factor is the development of society, particularly political changes and ecological development. Others include the level of knowledge and understanding of technologies, scientific knowledge and the non-productive importance of the landscape, as well as the attitude of society and individuals towards the landscape. In the past, non-forest woody vegetation was a standard part of the European agricultural landscape and formed its typical appearance. The onset of collective farming during the second half of the twentieth century resulted in transforming the landscape into open fields without permanent vegetation. The landscape became everyone’s and no-one’s and was subject to orders, tasks and plans. The key goal of this article is to evaluate non-forest woody vegetation from a landscape-ecological aspect and compare the occurrence of non-forest woody vegetation in four landscape types. The submitted study presents various types of non-forest woody vegetation, the species present in elements of scattered greenery and the spatial arrangement depending on the method of management and use of the territory.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84423452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Belfiore, Ana Paula Santos, M. Contreras, M. E. Farías
Argentina is the leading exporter of soybean oil and flour, and the third largest producer of grain. Since, the crop is a matter of great importance to the national economy. Their production depends on the soil as their main resource to ensure a good productive capacity, so it is necessary to preserve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Although, the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers, disturb them. In recent years, there has been a trend towards cleaner production to reduce the use of chemical. One of the alternatives involves biological means through the use of plant growth promoting bacteria. These group of bacteria colonize the rhizosphere of plants and stimulate the plant growth by several mechanisms. The objective of this work was to characterize, identify and evaluate the growth promoting effect of 13 strains isolated from the Andean vegetation rhizosphere. The bacterial isolates were Enterobacteria, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, Nocardiodes, Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, Acinetobacter and Lactococcus genera. The results of the biochemical characterization determined that from the 13 bacterial strains, which produce siderophores, 11 possess the catalase enzyme, 10 fixate nitrogen, 12 produce the protease enzyme, 12 solubilize phosphorus, and 11 produce indoleacetic acid. The application of different inoculums to the seeds, allowed to obtain plants with longer stem length, more developed roots, larger and more intense coloration leaves than the control plants. The results encourage deeper studies to achieve the formulation of inoculums to use as a biofertilizer, which would replace chemical fertilizers or reduce their doses.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Isolated from Andean Soil as Potential Inoculants of Soybean Seeds","authors":"C. Belfiore, Ana Paula Santos, M. Contreras, M. E. Farías","doi":"10.5539/enrr.v8n3p203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v8n3p203","url":null,"abstract":"Argentina is the leading exporter of soybean oil and flour, and the third largest producer of grain. Since, the crop is a matter of great importance to the national economy. Their production depends on the soil as their main resource to ensure a good productive capacity, so it is necessary to preserve the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Although, the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers, disturb them. In recent years, there has been a trend towards cleaner production to reduce the use of chemical. One of the alternatives involves biological means through the use of plant growth promoting bacteria. These group of bacteria colonize the rhizosphere of plants and stimulate the plant growth by several mechanisms. \u0000 \u0000The objective of this work was to characterize, identify and evaluate the growth promoting effect of 13 strains isolated from the Andean vegetation rhizosphere. The bacterial isolates were Enterobacteria, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, Nocardiodes, Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, Acinetobacter and Lactococcus genera. The results of the biochemical characterization determined that from the 13 bacterial strains, which produce siderophores, 11 possess the catalase enzyme, 10 fixate nitrogen, 12 produce the protease enzyme, 12 solubilize phosphorus, and 11 produce indoleacetic acid. \u0000 \u0000The application of different inoculums to the seeds, allowed to obtain plants with longer stem length, more developed roots, larger and more intense coloration leaves than the control plants. The results encourage deeper studies to achieve the formulation of inoculums to use as a biofertilizer, which would replace chemical fertilizers or reduce their doses.","PeriodicalId":11699,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80159864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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