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2009 IEEE Aerospace conference最新文献

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Online coated ball bearing health monitoring using degree of randomness and Hidden Markov Model 基于随机度和隐马尔可夫模型的涂层球轴承在线健康监测
Pub Date : 2009-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2009.4839674
B. Ling, M. Khonsari, A. Mesgarnejad, Ross Hathaway
We present a feasibility analysis for the development of an online ball bearing fault detection and identification method which can effectively classify various fault stages related to the contact in the coated ball bearings using vibration measurements. To detect ball bearing faulty stages, we have developed new degree of randomness (DoR) analysis methods using Shannon entropy and random covariance matrix norm theory. To classify the fault stages, we have further developed a set of stochastic models using Gaussian Mixture Hidden Markov Model (GM-HMM) theory. Test results have shown that our algorithms can predict bearing failures without using actual failure data.
本文提出了一种基于振动测量的在线球轴承故障检测与识别方法的可行性分析,该方法可以有效地对涂层球轴承中与接触相关的各种故障阶段进行分类。为了检测滚珠轴承故障阶段,我们利用香农熵和随机协方差矩阵范数理论,提出了新的随机度分析方法。为了对故障阶段进行分类,我们进一步利用高斯混合隐马尔可夫模型(GM-HMM)理论建立了一套随机模型。测试结果表明,我们的算法可以在不使用实际故障数据的情况下预测轴承故障。
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引用次数: 5
Software V&V support by parametric analysis of large software simulation systems 大型软件仿真系统参数化分析的软件V&V支持
Pub Date : 2009-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2009.4839618
J. Schumann, K. Gundy-Burlet, T. Menzies, A. Barrett
Modern aerospace software systems simulations usually contain many (dependent and independent) parameters. Due to the large parameter space, and the complex, highly coupled nonlinear nature of the different system components, analysis is complicated and time consuming. Thus, such systems are generally validated only in regions local to anticipated operating points rather than through characterization of the entire feasible operational envelope of the system. We have addressed the factors deterring such a comprehensive analysis with a tool to support parametric analysis and envelope assessment: a combination of advanced Monte Carlo generation with n-factor combinatorial parameter variations and model-based testcase generation is used to limit the number of cases without sacrificing important interactions in the parameter space. For the automatic analysis of the generated data we use unsupervised Bayesian clustering techniques (AutoBayes) and supervised learning of critical parameter ranges using the treatment learner TAR3. This unique combination of advanced machine learning technology enables a fast and powerful multivariate analysis that supports finding of root causes.
现代航空航天软件系统的仿真通常包含许多(相关的和独立的)参数。由于大的参数空间,以及不同系统组件的复杂、高度耦合的非线性性质,分析是复杂和耗时的。因此,这样的系统通常只在预期操作点的局部区域进行验证,而不是通过对系统整个可行操作范围的表征进行验证。我们已经用支持参数分析和包络评估的工具解决了阻碍这种全面分析的因素:使用具有n因素组合参数变化的高级蒙特卡罗生成和基于模型的测试用例生成的组合来限制用例的数量,而不会牺牲参数空间中的重要交互。对于生成数据的自动分析,我们使用无监督贝叶斯聚类技术(AutoBayes)和使用处理学习器TAR3的关键参数范围的监督学习。这种独特的先进机器学习技术组合可以实现快速而强大的多变量分析,从而支持查找根本原因。
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引用次数: 13
A residual estimation based approach for isolating faulty parameters 基于残差估计的故障参数隔离方法
Pub Date : 2009-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2009.4839669
Sachin Kumar, E. Dolev, M. Pecht, M. Pompetzki
This paper presents a new residual estimation based diagnostic approach that includes detection and fault isolation using the Mahalanobis distance (MD). The faulty performance parameter isolation approach is based on the analysis of residual MD values. The residual value is calculated by taking the difference between MD values estimated in two different scenarios: first, when a performance parameter is present, and second, when that performance parameter is absent. The residual of the MD values for each parameter is obtained by using training data from several experiments as part of the training data analysis planned by the design-of-experiment concept to analyze the impact of each parameter. The distribution of residual MD values for each parameter is analyzed and a 95% probabilistic range is established. This range represents the expected contribution by parameters toward a healthy system's MDs, and it is used to identify the parameters that are responsible for the anomalous behavior of a system. Parameters that fall below the lower bound of the 95% probabilistic range are considered candidates for the anomalous behavior, and the parameter that has the lowest residual value is isolated as the faulty parameter. A case study on computers is presented to demonstrate and test the suggested new approach's ability to isolate faulty parameters.
提出了一种基于残差估计的马氏距离检测和故障隔离的故障诊断方法。故障性能参数隔离方法是基于残差MD值的分析。残差值是通过取两种不同情况下估计的MD值之间的差值来计算的:第一种情况是存在某个性能参数时,第二种情况是不存在该性能参数时。每个参数的MD值的残差是利用几个实验的训练数据作为实验设计概念计划的训练数据分析的一部分来获得的,以分析每个参数的影响。分析了各参数残差MD值的分布,建立了95%的概率范围。该范围表示参数对健康系统MDs的预期贡献,并用于识别导致系统异常行为的参数。低于95%概率范围下界的参数被认为是异常行为的候选参数,残差值最低的参数被隔离为故障参数。在计算机上进行了一个案例研究,以证明和测试所提出的新方法隔离故障参数的能力。
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引用次数: 4
QAM Receiver with Band-Pass Sampling and blind synchronization 带通采样和盲同步的QAM接收机
Pub Date : 2009-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2009.4839422
F. Palmieri, G. Romano, E. Venosa
In this paper we propose a methodology for designing a fully-digital reconfigurable receiver for QAM signals. Band-Pass Sampling (BPS) is used as a first stage with a unique Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) positioned immediately after the receiver antenna. The band-pass sampling is analyzed with reference to noise aliasing deriving from band-pass filter and the results in the numerical frequency domain are presented. The inescapable frequency, symbol and phase synchronization problem in our model of receiver is approached and solved blindly with an information-theoretic criterion: joint entropy maximization is utilized for frequency and symbol synchronization while mutual information minimization is utilized for phase recovery. The innovative contribution of this paper consists in matching band-pass sampling and blind synchronization with a design of a synchronized reconfigurable receiver for QAM signals.
本文提出了一种设计全数字可重构QAM信号接收机的方法。带通采样(BPS)被用作第一级,一个独特的模数转换器(ADC)位于接收器天线之后。结合带通滤波器产生的噪声混叠,对带通采样进行了分析,并给出了数值频域的结果。该接收机模型中不可避免的频率、符号和相位同步问题,采用信息论准则:频率和符号同步采用联合熵最大化,相位恢复采用互信息最小化。本文的创新贡献在于将带通采样和盲同步与QAM信号同步可重构接收机的设计相匹配。
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引用次数: 2
CDMA is unfair: Transmit margin in an inhomogeneous user community CDMA是不公平的:在一个不均匀的用户群体中传输边际
Pub Date : 2009-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2009.4839403
R. Orr
In a CDMA system where multiple users share bandwidth in common, multiple access interference (MAI) acts as noise that adds to the receiver thermal noise. To overcome MAI, margin must be added to each user's transmit power. The amount of margin required to achieve this for the homogeneous case in which all users have the same parameters has been known for some time. The general solution for required transmit margin when the user parameters are arbitrary—the inhomogeneous case—is developed in this paper. The solution exhibits an “inverse Robin Hood” characteristic in which less demanding users “subsidize” the more demanding ones by providing a greater share of MAI margin. This behavior is an inherent attribute of CDMA that cannot be overcome except by the elimination of MAI through strictly orthogonal signals.
在多用户共用带宽的CDMA系统中,多址干扰(MAI)作为噪声增加了接收机的热噪声。为了克服MAI,每个用户的发射功率必须增加余量。对于所有用户具有相同参数的同质情况,实现这一目标所需的余量已经知道了一段时间。本文给出了用户参数为任意非齐次情况下所需传输余量的通解。该解决方案表现出一种“反罗宾汉”特征,即要求较低的用户通过提供更大份额的MAI利润来“补贴”要求较高的用户。这种行为是CDMA的固有属性,除非通过严格正交信号消除MAI,否则无法克服。
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引用次数: 2
Improving heat transfer performance of printed circuit boards 改善印刷电路板的传热性能
Pub Date : 2009-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2009.4839529
D. Schatzel
There is a trend continuing in the electronics industry where high reliability electronic packages are using standard epoxy glass and polyimide substrates over ceramic based substrates. This is a result of improved fabrication accuracy and consistent raw material properties. Increased processing power is resulting in increased heat generation. Printed circuit boards are becoming very dense as a result of improved fabrication processes that allow smaller vias, smaller trace line width/spaces and pad size. This is combined with designs that have multiple internal conductive layers that routinely reach 20 to 25 layers. This increased processing power is affecting printed circuit board designs for space electronic applications. The additional heat must be conducted from a microprocessor or power device through the printed circuit board to the board frame or chassis. This has been achievable for processing devices by utilizing thick copper layers and thermal vias to transfer the resultant heat. The result of increasing the copper thickness is an increase in mass which is an undesirable condition where the goal for electronics is a smaller and lighter electronic package.
在电子工业中,高可靠性电子封装在陶瓷基板上使用标准环氧玻璃和聚酰亚胺基板的趋势仍在继续。这是由于制造精度的提高和原料性能的一致。处理能力的提高导致热量的增加。由于改进了制造工艺,允许更小的过孔、更小的走线宽度/空间和焊盘尺寸,印刷电路板变得非常致密。这与具有多个内部导电层的设计相结合,通常达到20至25层。这种增加的处理能力正在影响空间电子应用的印刷电路板设计。额外的热量必须从微处理器或电源设备通过印刷电路板传导到电路板框架或机箱。通过利用厚铜层和热通孔来传递所产生的热量,这已经可以实现加工设备。增加铜厚度的结果是增加质量,这是一个不希望出现的情况,因为电子产品的目标是更小更轻的电子封装。
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引用次数: 2
Benefits of a Bayesian approach to anomaly and failure investigations 贝叶斯方法在异常和故障调查中的优势
Pub Date : 2009-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2009.4839518
W. Bjorndahl
It is often the case in failure and anomaly investigations that data is either limited or so wide ranging that it is difficult to bring focus to a key root cause. For this reason, a disciplined approach incorporating root cause trees (Ishikawa Diagrams) is usually taken to develop and track root cause hypotheses and analyses. During the investigation, statistical tools can be used to evaluate various hypotheses of failure. However, in many cases, there is limited failure data and it is often necessary to set up accelerated life tests involving many samples in order to induce failures under controlled conditions so that a statistically significant population of failures can be obtained. Root cause is sometimes achieved only after extensive and expensive efforts to reduce the number of root cause hypotheses. Other times, root cause investigations are truncated to “most probable cause” based on the evidence available and expert opinion.
在故障和异常调查中,通常情况下,数据要么有限,要么范围太广,以至于很难将重点放在关键的根本原因上。出于这个原因,通常采用结合根本原因树(Ishikawa图)的有纪律的方法来开发和跟踪根本原因假设和分析。在调查过程中,可以使用统计工具来评估各种失效假设。然而,在许多情况下,失效数据有限,通常需要建立涉及许多样品的加速寿命试验,以便在受控条件下诱导失效,以便获得具有统计意义的失效总体。有时,只有在付出大量昂贵的努力来减少根本原因假设的数量之后,才能找到根本原因。其他时候,根据现有证据和专家意见,根本原因调查被截断为“最可能原因”。
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引用次数: 1
Cumulative distribution function for order 7 de Bruijn weight classes 7阶de Bruijn权重类的累积分布函数
Pub Date : 2009-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2009.4839405
G. Mayhew
Order n de Bruijn sequences are the period 2n binary sequences from n-stage feedback shift registers. The de Bruijn sequences have good randomness and complexity properties. The quantity of de Bruijn sequences in a weight class of the order n generating functions is an unsolved NP complete problem. Weight class distributions for small n have been obtained by exhaustive searches. This paper uses cumulative distribution function to obtain a high resolution projection of the quantity of de Bruijn sequences in each order 7 weight class. The weight class probability mass function is a shifted Binomial probability mass function which in the limit is accurately represented as a Normal probability density function scaled by a Beta probability density function. The order 7 weight class cumulative distribution function can be modeled as a weighted sum of two Normal cumulative distribution functions.
n阶de Bruijn序列是来自n级反馈移位寄存器的周期为2n的二进制序列。de Bruijn序列具有良好的随机性和复杂性。在n阶生成函数的权重类中,de Bruijn序列的数量是一个未解的NP完全问题。通过穷举搜索获得了小n的权值类分布。本文利用累积分布函数获得了de Bruijn序列在每7阶权重类上的高分辨率投影。权重类概率质量函数是一个移位的二项式概率质量函数,在极限情况下,它可以精确地表示为一个由Beta概率密度函数缩放的正态概率密度函数。7阶权重类累积分布函数可以建模为两个正态累积分布函数的加权和。
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引用次数: 0
Strategic analysis for the MER Cape Verde approach 对MER佛得角方法的战略分析
Pub Date : 2009-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2009.4839698
D. Gaines, Paolo Belluta, J. Herman, P. Hwang, R. Mukai, Dan Porter, Byron B. Jones, E. Wood, J. Grotzinger, L. Edgar, A. Hayes, T. Hare, S. Squyres
The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has recently completed a two year campaign studying Victoria Crater. The campaign culminated in a close approach of Cape Verde in order to acquire high resolution imagery of the exposed stratigraphy in the cliff face. The close approach to Cape Verde provided significant challenges for every subsystem of the rover as the rover needed to traverse difficult, uncharacterised terrain and approach a cliff face with the potential of blocking out solar energy and communications with Earth. In this paper we describe the strategic analyses performed by the science and engineering teams so that we could successfully achieve the science objectives while keeping the rover safe.
“机遇号”火星探测车最近完成了对维多利亚陨石坑为期两年的研究。这次活动的高潮是近距离接近佛得角,以便获得悬崖表面暴露地层的高分辨率图像。近距离接近佛得角给火星车的每个子系统都带来了巨大的挑战,因为火星车需要穿越困难的、没有特征的地形,并接近一个可能阻挡太阳能和与地球通信的悬崖。在本文中,我们描述了由科学和工程团队执行的战略分析,以便我们能够成功地实现科学目标,同时保持火星车的安全。
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引用次数: 0
Issues in development of space-based solar power 发展天基太阳能的问题
Pub Date : 2009-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2009.4839313
L. Jenkins
Space-Based Solar Power-SBSP) is a concept that has considerable potential to provide clean renewable energy. Increased population coupled with reduced natural resources represent a challenge to national and world security. The SBSP concept is to collect energy from the Sun in Earth orbit. The electrical energy is converted to microwave frequency for transmission to the surface of the Earth. There it is converted back in to electricity for use. Possible usages are base-load power, fuel conversion or direct delivery to consumers in isolated locations. The available potential of solar energy is greater than energy in petroleum reserves. The primary issue is defining the path to development of SBSP capability.
天基太阳能发电(sbsp)是一个具有提供清洁可再生能源的巨大潜力的概念。人口增加加上自然资源减少是对国家和世界安全的挑战。SBSP的概念是在地球轨道上收集太阳的能量。电能被转换成微波频率传输到地球表面。在那里,它被转换成电能供使用。可能的用途是基本负荷电力,燃料转换或直接交付给偏远地区的消费者。太阳能的可利用潜力大于石油储量中的能源。主要问题是确定SBSP能力发展的路径。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
2009 IEEE Aerospace conference
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