Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.21608/JENVBS.2019.9954.1055
S. A. Abd-elgwad
A field experiment was conducted twice at the farm of Environmental Studies and Research Institute, Sadat City University, Egypt, during the two consecutive seasons of 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of different additives of bentonite (0, 3, 6 and 9 t fed.-1), and microbial inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. and Azospirillum brasilense either alone or mixed on vegetative parameters, enzyme activity and yield of cowpea plants. Results revealed that co-inoculation treatment and addition of 9 ton fed.-1 bentonite significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches, fresh and dry weight of plant in both seasons compared with the control at 60 days from sowing and this increase reflected on enzyme activity which attained 25.56, 27.66 (µmol/ C2H4/h/g dry nodules) and 50.93, 54.57 (µg TPF/g dry soil/h) for nitrogenase (N2-ase) and dehydrogenase (DHA) in the two growing seasons, respectively. On the other hand, the highest total seed yield of cowpea was recorded from use the co-inoculation with 9 ton ton/fed which was 0.679 and 0.682 (ton fed-1) for seed yield and 0.316, 0.324 (ton fed-1) for straw yield during 2015 and 2016 seasons, respectively. Consequently, it is to recommend that mixture inoculate with Bradyrhizobium sp. and Azospirillum brasilense and addition of 9 ton fed.-1 bentonite could be improving crop growth of cowpea and improve sandy soil fertility.
{"title":"Effect of Microbial Inoculation and Bentonite Amendments on Growth, Enzyme activity and Yield of cowpea cultivated in sandy soil","authors":"S. A. Abd-elgwad","doi":"10.21608/JENVBS.2019.9954.1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JENVBS.2019.9954.1055","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted twice at the farm of Environmental Studies and Research Institute, Sadat City University, Egypt, during the two consecutive seasons of 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of different additives of bentonite (0, 3, 6 and 9 t fed.-1), and microbial inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. and Azospirillum brasilense either alone or mixed on vegetative parameters, enzyme activity and yield of cowpea plants. Results revealed that co-inoculation treatment and addition of 9 ton fed.-1 bentonite significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches, fresh and dry weight of plant in both seasons compared with the control at 60 days from sowing and this increase reflected on enzyme activity which attained 25.56, 27.66 (µmol/ C2H4/h/g dry nodules) and 50.93, 54.57 (µg TPF/g dry soil/h) for nitrogenase (N2-ase) and dehydrogenase (DHA) in the two growing seasons, respectively. On the other hand, the highest total seed yield of cowpea was recorded from use the co-inoculation with 9 ton ton/fed which was 0.679 and 0.682 (ton fed-1) for seed yield and 0.316, 0.324 (ton fed-1) for straw yield during 2015 and 2016 seasons, respectively. Consequently, it is to recommend that mixture inoculate with Bradyrhizobium sp. and Azospirillum brasilense and addition of 9 ton fed.-1 bentonite could be improving crop growth of cowpea and improve sandy soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87274721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.21608/jenvbs.2019.15637.1068
Saied Gewaily
the experiment was effectuated at the experimental farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt in 2017 and 2018 rice growing seasons to determine the performance of Sakha 107 rice cultivar as affected by inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under different irrigation intervals. The experiment was carried out in a split plot design with three replications. Irrigation treatments (continuous flooding (I1), irrigation every 6 (I2), 9 (I3) and 12 days (I4) considered as the main plots. However, the sub plots were occupied by two levels of inoculation of AMF, control (M1) and inoculation seeds in nursery bed by 1.2 kg ha-1 (M2). Results revealed that growth, grain yield and its attributes of Sakha 107 rice cultivar, as well as N and P uptake by grain were significantly influenced by irrigation treatments in both seasons. I1 treatment gave the highest values, followed by I2 treatment, while I4 treatment recorded the lowest values. The M2 treatment increased the previous parameters as a compared to M1 treatment. The average reduction in grain yield were found to be 3.48, 14.96 and 24.59% with corresponding values of water saved of 6.62, 12.46 and 25.00% when the interval period was prolonged up to 6, 9 and 12-day, respectively. I2 treatment gave the highest values of productivity of irrigation water (PIW) followed by I4 treatment.
本试验于2017年和2018年水稻生长季在埃及Kafr El-Sheikh Sakha水稻研究与培训中心(RRTC)的实验农场进行，以确定不同灌溉间隔下接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对Sakha 107水稻品种生产性能的影响。试验采用裂区设计，3个重复。以连续淹水(I1)、每6天灌一次(I2)、每9天灌一次(I3)和每12天灌一次(I4)为主要处理。各亚样地采用对照(M1)和苗床接种种子(1.2 kg ha-1 (M2))两个接种水平。结果表明，灌水处理对萨哈107的生长、产量及其性状、籽粒对氮磷的吸收均有显著影响。I1处理最高，I2处理次之，I4处理最低。与M1处理相比，M2处理增加了上述参数。当间隔期延长至6、9和12 d时，籽粒平均减产3.48%、14.96%和24.59%，节水6.62%、12.46%和25.00%。I2处理灌溉水生产力最高，其次是I4处理。
{"title":"Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AMF) Inoculation on the Performance of Sakha 107 Rice Cultivar under Different Irrigation Intervals.","authors":"Saied Gewaily","doi":"10.21608/jenvbs.2019.15637.1068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jenvbs.2019.15637.1068","url":null,"abstract":"the experiment was effectuated at the experimental farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt in 2017 and 2018 rice growing seasons to determine the performance of Sakha 107 rice cultivar as affected by inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under different irrigation intervals. The experiment was carried out in a split plot design with three replications. Irrigation treatments (continuous flooding (I1), irrigation every 6 (I2), 9 (I3) and 12 days (I4) considered as the main plots. However, the sub plots were occupied by two levels of inoculation of AMF, control (M1) and inoculation seeds in nursery bed by 1.2 kg ha-1 (M2). Results revealed that growth, grain yield and its attributes of Sakha 107 rice cultivar, as well as N and P uptake by grain were significantly influenced by irrigation treatments in both seasons. I1 treatment gave the highest values, followed by I2 treatment, while I4 treatment recorded the lowest values. The M2 treatment increased the previous parameters as a compared to M1 treatment. The average reduction in grain yield were found to be 3.48, 14.96 and 24.59% with corresponding values of water saved of 6.62, 12.46 and 25.00% when the interval period was prolonged up to 6, 9 and 12-day, respectively. I2 treatment gave the highest values of productivity of irrigation water (PIW) followed by I4 treatment.","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88845770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.21608/jenvbs.2019.19806.1074
M. Elsaka, T. Khalifa, Heshm AboElsoud
Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agric. Res. Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons (2017/18 and 2018/19) to study the effect of fulvic acid and nitrification inhibitor on NO3 leaching and wheat yield and chemical constituents. A split plot design with three replicates were used with three fulvic acid applied i. e 0, 4.76 and 9.52 kg ha-1 as main plots as well as nitrogen fertilizers as ammonium sulphate (21% N) (with or without nitrification inhibitor (NI)) at rate of 90, 135 and 180 kg N ha-1, in sub-plots. Nitrification inhibitor 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) (EC 1.7 dS m-1and pH 4.4) was applied at 8%. Results indicated that the highest mean values of EC, OM and available NPK were obtained from soil in plots resaved 180 kg N ha-1 with DMPP + 9.52 kg fulvic acid ha-1. The highest mean values of plant height (110.34 and 111.42 cm); 1000-grain weight (55.60 and 61.00 g); grain yield (7.62 and 7.95 Mg ha-1); straw yield (13.64 and 14.02 Mg ha-1); N concentration in grain and straw were (2.09 and 0.84 %, respectively); N content of grain (152.97 and 149.56 kg N ha-1); N content of straw (99.51 and 95.58 kg N ha-1) and total N uptake by wheat (252.49 and 245.14 kg N ha-1) were recorded by 180 kg N ha-1 combined with 8% DMPP + 9.52 kg fulvic acid ha-1 in first and second seasons, respectively.
在萨哈农业进行了两次田间试验。在埃及Kafr El-Sheikh省Res. Station，连续两个季节(2017/18和2018/19)研究黄腐酸和硝化抑制剂对NO3浸出、小麦产量和化学成分的影响。采用3个重复的分割小区设计，主小区分别施黄腐酸0、4.76和9.52 kg ha-1，次小区分别施氮量为90、135和180 kg N / ha-1的硫酸铵(21% N)(含或不含硝化抑制剂(NI))。硝化抑制剂3,4 -二甲基吡唑磷酸(DMPP) (EC 1.7 dS m-1, pH 4.4)以8%的浓度施用。结果表明，在DMPP + 9.52 kg黄腐酸ha-1处理下，土壤EC、OM和速效氮磷钾均值最高。株高最高平均值分别为110.34和111.42 cm;千粒重(55.60克和61.00克);籽粒产量分别为7.62和7.95 Mg ha-1;秸秆产量分别为13.64和14.02 Mg ha-1;籽粒和秸秆氮含量分别为(2.09和0.84%);籽粒含氮量(152.97和149.56 kg N hm -1);采用180 kg N hm -1配8% DMPP + 9.52 kg黄腐酸ha-1处理，第一、二季分别记录了秸秆氮含量(99.51和95.58 kg N hm -1)和小麦总氮吸收量(252.49和245.14 kg N hm -1)。
{"title":"IMPACT OF FULVIC ACID AND NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR ON WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY AND NO3-N LOSSES IN CLAY SOIL.","authors":"M. Elsaka, T. Khalifa, Heshm AboElsoud","doi":"10.21608/jenvbs.2019.19806.1074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jenvbs.2019.19806.1074","url":null,"abstract":"Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agric. Res. Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons (2017/18 and 2018/19) to study the effect of fulvic acid and nitrification inhibitor on NO3 leaching and wheat yield and chemical constituents. A split plot design with three replicates were used with three fulvic acid applied i. e 0, 4.76 and 9.52 kg ha-1 as main plots as well as nitrogen fertilizers as ammonium sulphate (21% N) (with or without nitrification inhibitor (NI)) at rate of 90, 135 and 180 kg N ha-1, in sub-plots. Nitrification inhibitor 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) (EC 1.7 dS m-1and pH 4.4) was applied at 8%. Results indicated that the highest mean values of EC, OM and available NPK were obtained from soil in plots resaved 180 kg N ha-1 with DMPP + 9.52 kg fulvic acid ha-1. The highest mean values of plant height (110.34 and 111.42 cm); 1000-grain weight (55.60 and 61.00 g); grain yield (7.62 and 7.95 Mg ha-1); straw yield (13.64 and 14.02 Mg ha-1); N concentration in grain and straw were (2.09 and 0.84 %, respectively); N content of grain (152.97 and 149.56 kg N ha-1); N content of straw (99.51 and 95.58 kg N ha-1) and total N uptake by wheat (252.49 and 245.14 kg N ha-1) were recorded by 180 kg N ha-1 combined with 8% DMPP + 9.52 kg fulvic acid ha-1 in first and second seasons, respectively.","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84211268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-11DOI: 10.21608/JENVBS.2018.6711.1041
Neama Abdalla, M. Ragab, M. Fári, H. El-Ramady, T. Alshaal, N. Elhawat, Mohamed Elmahrouk, A. Elzaawely, Tamer Elsakhawy, A. Omara, H. Taha
NANOTECHNOLOGY has been revolutionized penetrating all sectors in our life through the nanoscience as an essential science for a wide range of technologies. Amazing achievements resulted from this nanotechnology including all agricultural fields such as plant nutrition and crop productivity, energy sector, food sector, and plant biotechnology. A conjugation between plant biotechnology and nanotechnology has been produced an important science called plant bio-nanotechnology. Several fields have been invaded through different nanobiotechnology applications in agriculture including (1) the nanotechnology of encapsulated agro-chemicals, (2) the monitoring of different environmental stresses and crop conditions using nanobiosensors, (3) the improvement of crop production and ameliorating plants against diseases and (4) solution several environmental problems. The crop productivity also could be improved using some new agro-chemicals (e.g., nanofertilizers and nanopesticides). These agro-chemicals are very effective in delivering encapsulating nanomaterials and then enhancement the productivity of crops as well as the suppress plant pests and diseases and protecting the environment from pollution. On the other hand, nanoparticles could enter the food chain via different nano-agrochemicals or nano-processed foods. Therefore, many approaches including uptake of nanoparticles by plants, entry and bio-distribution of nanoparticles into the food chain are needed before using of different bionanotechnological tools in agro-production sector. Further new regulations should be created or re-built for new approaches in plant bionanotechnology. Therefore, this review will focus on our needs and risks in the plant nano-biotechnology.
{"title":"Nanobiotechnology for Plants","authors":"Neama Abdalla, M. Ragab, M. Fári, H. El-Ramady, T. Alshaal, N. Elhawat, Mohamed Elmahrouk, A. Elzaawely, Tamer Elsakhawy, A. Omara, H. Taha","doi":"10.21608/JENVBS.2018.6711.1041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JENVBS.2018.6711.1041","url":null,"abstract":"NANOTECHNOLOGY has been revolutionized penetrating all sectors in our life through the nanoscience as an essential science for a wide range of technologies. Amazing achievements resulted from this nanotechnology including all agricultural fields such as plant nutrition and crop productivity, energy sector, food sector, and plant biotechnology. A conjugation between plant biotechnology and nanotechnology has been produced an important science called plant bio-nanotechnology. Several fields have been invaded through different nanobiotechnology applications in agriculture including (1) the nanotechnology of encapsulated agro-chemicals, (2) the monitoring of different environmental stresses and crop conditions using nanobiosensors, (3) the improvement of crop production and ameliorating plants against diseases and (4) solution several environmental problems. The crop productivity also could be improved using some new agro-chemicals (e.g., nanofertilizers and nanopesticides). These agro-chemicals are very effective in delivering encapsulating nanomaterials and then enhancement the productivity of crops as well as the suppress plant pests and diseases and protecting the environment from pollution. On the other hand, nanoparticles could enter the food chain via different nano-agrochemicals or nano-processed foods. Therefore, many approaches including uptake of nanoparticles by plants, entry and bio-distribution of nanoparticles into the food chain are needed before using of different bionanotechnological tools in agro-production sector. Further new regulations should be created or re-built for new approaches in plant bionanotechnology. Therefore, this review will focus on our needs and risks in the plant nano-biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82884692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-11DOI: 10.21608/JENVBS.2019.6674.1040
I. Draz, S. Esmail, M. Abou-Zeid, Y. Hafez
STRIPE rust infection caused by Pucciniastrii formis f. sp. tritici was investigated in ten Egyptian wheat cultivars under field conditions during two seasons (2016/17 and 2017/18) at two locations (Sakha and Sids) differ climatologically in Egypt. Variable levels of rust infection followed by a significant reduction in grain weight were recorded at both locations. Stripe rust infections for Sids location (20S - 90S) were higher than those of Sakha location (TrMS - 70S). Average coefficient of infection (ACI) and grain weight loss for Sids location, reaching 90 ACI (Gemmeiza-11) and 23.12% (Giza-160), were higher than those of Sakha location up to 70 ACI and 16.72% in Giza-160. Grain weight loss was strongly associated with ACI among cultivars for both locations, recording r=0.9044 for Sakha location and r=0.8866 for Sids location. Climatic variations were recorded at both locations during the first four months of 2017 and 2018. Rainfall and relative humidity for Sakha location were higher than those of Sids location while wind speed for Sids location was higher than that of Sakha location. Temperatures were relatively close at both locations. ACI values for Sids location were higher than those of Sakha location, revealing correlation with climatic factors. This suggests that wind speed may play an important role in dispersal while relatively heavy rainfall may have opposing effects. The temperature was the main limiting factor for stripe rust infection (negatively associated), followed by relative humidity (positively associated). Our discovery represents a powerful tool for predicting disease infection and management.
{"title":"Changeability in Stripe Rust Infection and Grain Yield of Wheat Associated to Climatic Conditions","authors":"I. Draz, S. Esmail, M. Abou-Zeid, Y. Hafez","doi":"10.21608/JENVBS.2019.6674.1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JENVBS.2019.6674.1040","url":null,"abstract":"STRIPE rust infection caused by Pucciniastrii formis f. sp. tritici was investigated in ten Egyptian wheat cultivars under field conditions during two seasons (2016/17 and 2017/18) at two locations (Sakha and Sids) differ climatologically in Egypt. Variable levels of rust infection followed by a significant reduction in grain weight were recorded at both locations. Stripe rust infections for Sids location (20S - 90S) were higher than those of Sakha location (TrMS - 70S). Average coefficient of infection (ACI) and grain weight loss for Sids location, reaching 90 ACI (Gemmeiza-11) and 23.12% (Giza-160), were higher than those of Sakha location up to 70 ACI and 16.72% in Giza-160. Grain weight loss was strongly associated with ACI among cultivars for both locations, recording r=0.9044 for Sakha location and r=0.8866 for Sids location. Climatic variations were recorded at both locations during the first four months of 2017 and 2018. Rainfall and relative humidity for Sakha location were higher than those of Sids location while wind speed for Sids location was higher than that of Sakha location. Temperatures were relatively close at both locations. ACI values for Sids location were higher than those of Sakha location, revealing correlation with climatic factors. This suggests that wind speed may play an important role in dispersal while relatively heavy rainfall may have opposing effects. The temperature was the main limiting factor for stripe rust infection (negatively associated), followed by relative humidity (positively associated). Our discovery represents a powerful tool for predicting disease infection and management.","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77456851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-11DOI: 10.21608/JENVBS.2019.6002.1036
Aida H. Afify, F. Hauka, A. Elsawah
A FIELD experiment was carried out on the farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt during the winter season of 2016 to study the effect of bio-fertilization under different level of nitrogen and potassium (75% and 50% from the full dose) on the growth and yield of Onion plants. The obtained results showed that the microbial inoculation leads to a significant increase in growth parameters (foliage heights, number of leaves and dry weights). As well as NPK-contents as responded to all treatments under investigation in all stages of plant growth. The same trend was observed in yield parameters (bulb weights, total bulbs yield, Total soluble solids%, Dry matter% and NPK contents in bulb tissues). The treatment T4 (A. chroococcum + 75 % dose of NK) gave the highest total yield with an increase by 6.19% over the control. Also, the bio-fertilization has a pronounced increase in microbial count in comparison with the mineral fertilization. The obtained results of PGPR effects on growth parameters and yield of onion recommend their use as an alternative tool to reduce chemical fertilizers.
{"title":"Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria enhance Onion (Allium cepa L.) productivity and minimize requisite chemical fertilization","authors":"Aida H. Afify, F. Hauka, A. Elsawah","doi":"10.21608/JENVBS.2019.6002.1036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JENVBS.2019.6002.1036","url":null,"abstract":"A FIELD experiment was carried out on the farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt during the winter season of 2016 to study the effect of bio-fertilization under different level of nitrogen and potassium (75% and 50% from the full dose) on the growth and yield of Onion plants. The obtained results showed that the microbial inoculation leads to a significant increase in growth parameters (foliage heights, number of leaves and dry weights). As well as NPK-contents as responded to all treatments under investigation in all stages of plant growth. The same trend was observed in yield parameters (bulb weights, total bulbs yield, Total soluble solids%, Dry matter% and NPK contents in bulb tissues). The treatment T4 (A. chroococcum + 75 % dose of NK) gave the highest total yield with an increase by 6.19% over the control. Also, the bio-fertilization has a pronounced increase in microbial count in comparison with the mineral fertilization. The obtained results of PGPR effects on growth parameters and yield of onion recommend their use as an alternative tool to reduce chemical fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90809373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-11DOI: 10.21608/JENVBS.2018.6399.1039
Azza A. Ghazi, E. Attia, N. Rashed
IN a trial to control charcoal rot disease (Macrophomina phaseolina) in geranium using ecofriendly strategies, antagonistic microbes and essential oils were used. the treatments included three bacterial isolates, Bacillus polymixa, B. circulance, B. Subtilis and one fungus Tricoderma harzianum in addition to five essential oils, (Syzygium aromaticum(cloves), Ocimum basilicum L. (basil), Mentha spicata (Spearmint), Majorana hortensis Moench (Marjoram) and Mentha piperita L. (Peppermint). The in vitro antagonistic effect of microbial isolates and essential oils against M. phaseolina isolated from infected geranium was estimated in Petri plats, The essential oils were used in three concentrations 1, 3 and 5 microliter/plate. the most promising treatments were applied in an artificially infested geranium in a greenhouse experiment along two growing seasons of 2017, 2018. The in vitro screening step indicated that among the treatments, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum were the most promising microbes against the fungal pathogen under study using the dual culture technique. On the other hand, Peppermint oil recorded the highest reduction in radial growth of pathogen followed by Basil oil while Marjoram oil had no effect on the growth of pathogen. The green house experiment showed that, most treatments were efficient in pathogenicity reduction but the microbial treatment exhibited an advantage over essential oil where growth and yield parameters were sharply improved. The maximum enhancement was attained at T5 treatment (infested + dipping for 30 min before planting and spraying with T. harzianum after every cutting process) at all cuts during 2017 and 2018 seasons. Also, T. harzianum increased oil %, which recorded 0.45, 0.30 and 0.38% at 2017 season and 0.47, 0.31 and 0.39% at 2018 season for 1st, 2nd and 3rd cut respectively. Therefore, microbial and essential oil treatments not only reduced the fungal infection but also enhanced vegetative growth of geranium plants.
{"title":"Management of Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) Infection in Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L) Using Biocontrol Agents and Essential Oils","authors":"Azza A. Ghazi, E. Attia, N. Rashed","doi":"10.21608/JENVBS.2018.6399.1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/JENVBS.2018.6399.1039","url":null,"abstract":"IN a trial to control charcoal rot disease (Macrophomina phaseolina) in geranium using ecofriendly strategies, antagonistic microbes and essential oils were used. the treatments included three bacterial isolates, Bacillus polymixa, B. circulance, B. Subtilis and one fungus Tricoderma harzianum in addition to five essential oils, (Syzygium aromaticum(cloves), Ocimum basilicum L. (basil), Mentha spicata (Spearmint), Majorana hortensis Moench (Marjoram) and Mentha piperita L. (Peppermint). The in vitro antagonistic effect of microbial isolates and essential oils against M. phaseolina isolated from infected geranium was estimated in Petri plats, The essential oils were used in three concentrations 1, 3 and 5 microliter/plate. the most promising treatments were applied in an artificially infested geranium in a greenhouse experiment along two growing seasons of 2017, 2018. The in vitro screening step indicated that among the treatments, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum were the most promising microbes against the fungal pathogen under study using the dual culture technique. On the other hand, Peppermint oil recorded the highest reduction in radial growth of pathogen followed by Basil oil while Marjoram oil had no effect on the growth of pathogen. The green house experiment showed that, most treatments were efficient in pathogenicity reduction but the microbial treatment exhibited an advantage over essential oil where growth and yield parameters were sharply improved. The maximum enhancement was attained at T5 treatment (infested + dipping for 30 min before planting and spraying with T. harzianum after every cutting process) at all cuts during 2017 and 2018 seasons. Also, T. harzianum increased oil %, which recorded 0.45, 0.30 and 0.38% at 2017 season and 0.47, 0.31 and 0.39% at 2018 season for 1st, 2nd and 3rd cut respectively. Therefore, microbial and essential oil treatments not only reduced the fungal infection but also enhanced vegetative growth of geranium plants.","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76963515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.21608/jenvbs.2017.856.1000
H. El-Ramady, T. Alshaal
Soil biodiversity and its security are important global issues nowadays. These issues have a great concern day by day under the changing universe. This significant concern comes from the relation between soil biodiversity and its security and soil productivity on one side and the global food crisis on the other hand. Therefore, great initiations have been adopted by some scientists like Diana Wall, Rattan Lal, Alex McBratney, Damien Field, Cristine Morgan, Lorna Jarrett, Johan Bouma and Andrea Koch. These initiations have resulted in the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and the book entitled "Global Soil Security". As well known, several serious environmental challenges face the humanity including the security of food, water, energy, climate changes and protection the global biodiversity. So, the journal of Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security (EBSS) has been issued. This journal is an attempt to highlight on these environmental challenges and the suitable solutions seeking for a sustainable development.
土壤生物多样性及其安全是当今重要的全球性问题。这些问题在不断变化的宇宙中日益受到人们的关注。这一重大关切一方面来自土壤生物多样性及其安全性和土壤生产力之间的关系，另一方面来自全球粮食危机。因此，一些科学家，如Diana Wall, Rattan Lal, Alex McBratney, Damien Field, Cristine Morgan, Lorna Jarrett, Johan Bouma和Andrea Koch采用了伟大的倡议。这些倡议产生了“全球土壤生物多样性倡议”和《全球土壤安全》一书。众所周知，人类面临着严峻的环境挑战，包括粮食、水、能源安全、气候变化和保护全球生物多样性。因此，环境、生物多样性和土壤安全(EBSS)杂志已经出版。这本杂志试图强调这些环境挑战和寻求可持续发展的适当解决方案。
{"title":"Soil Biodiversity and Its Security: A Holistic Approach","authors":"H. El-Ramady, T. Alshaal","doi":"10.21608/jenvbs.2017.856.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/jenvbs.2017.856.1000","url":null,"abstract":"Soil biodiversity and its security are important global issues nowadays. These issues have a great concern day by day under the changing universe. This significant concern comes from the relation between soil biodiversity and its security and soil productivity on one side and the global food crisis on the other hand. Therefore, great initiations have been adopted by some scientists like Diana Wall, Rattan Lal, Alex McBratney, Damien Field, Cristine Morgan, Lorna Jarrett, Johan Bouma and Andrea Koch. These initiations have resulted in the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and the book entitled \"Global Soil Security\". As well known, several serious environmental challenges face the humanity including the security of food, water, energy, climate changes and protection the global biodiversity. So, the journal of Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security (EBSS) has been issued. This journal is an attempt to highlight on these environmental challenges and the suitable solutions seeking for a sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":11727,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79181299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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