The combinations of structural characters previously used to substantiate various classifications of the order Siphonaptera are analyzed. The adaptive and phyletic morphotypes marking assemblages or phylogenetically close groups of flea families are considered.
The fungal component of the microbiome associated with the six-toothed bark beetle Ips sexdentatus (Börner, 1776) in the territory of Belarus was studied in order to clarify the role of this xylophage as a vector of dangerous phytopathogenic fungi. More than 360 pure fungal cultures isolated from the surface and hemocoel of I. sexdentatus were analyzed by morphological and molecular genetic methods, and 35 species from 25 genera, 17 families, and 3 divisions of fungi were identified. All these species were conventionally classified into three groups based on their impact on wood: (1) fungi that cause wood discoloration (mold, blue stain, etc.), (2) fungi that cause rot in living trees and cut wood, and (3) fungi whose effect on harvested timber remains unclear. Five species of Ophiostomataceae fungi associated with blue rot were identified: Leptographium Lagerb. & Melin sp., Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannf., O. minus (Hedgc.) Syd. & P. Syd., O. canum (Münch) Syd. & P. Syd., and O. piceae (Münch) Syd. & P. Syd. The root rot agent Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. was detected in 7.8% of the studied fungal samples. The fairly high occurrence of I. sexdentatus confirms its participation in the development of complex pine dieback foci in Belarus. A considerable level of infection with four species of entomopathogenic fungi (11.4%) was recorded in the I. sexdentatus population by molecular genetic methods.
In 2021 and 2022, three species of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Nanophyidae)—Nanomimus circumscriptus (Aubé), Mononychus punctumalbum (Herbst) and Curculio glandium Marsham, 1802, new to Northwestern Russia, were discovered in St. Petersburg and Leningrad Province. In 1990, a single specimen of Otiorhynchus aurosparsus Germar was found in St. Petersburg. Liophloeus tessulatus (O.F. Müller) has been sporadically found in this region since the 19th century. A predominantly steppe species, Polydrusus inustus (Germar), also occurs in small numbers since the early 19th century in the southwestern part of St. Petersburg and is not known from the neighboring regions of the Russian North-West and the Baltic states.
Ixodid tick communities in Primorskii Territory are characterized by significant species diversity. The species richness of Ixodidae is higher on the Primorye islands than on the mainland. Bi- and polydominant pasture ixodid communities occur only on islands. Of the eight islands surveyed in 1982–1983, only Putyatin Island had a monodominant tick community with predominance of Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844. This paper is focused on the current structure of adult ixodid hemipopulations on Putyatin Island. Ticks were collected from vegetation by flagging on May 17–21, 2021 at different sites of the island. The following species were recorded (in descending order of abundance): Dermacentor silvarum Olenev, 1932, Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844, Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930, H. japonica douglasi Nuttall et Warburton, 1915, and I. pavlovskyi pavlovskyi Pomerantzev, 1946. In total, 354 ixodid ticks were collected, and their low abundance was observed. According to the data of 2021, H. longicornis Neumann, 1901 was no longer found on Putyatin Island, I. pavlovskyi was recorded for the first time, the abundance of D. silvarum increased significantly, and that of I. persulcatus increased to a lesser extent. The possible causes of changes in the structure of ixodid tick communities are discussed. Putyatin Island currently has a bidominant complex of ixodid ticks, with 45.8% of D. silvarum and 33.3% of H. concinna.
We have previously studied the musculature of the male genitalia in one species of Psilidae—Chyliza vittata Meigen, 1826. Here, we describe for the first time the male genital muscles of Imantimyia nigrifrons (Macquart, 1835), Loxocera aristata (Panzer, 1801), Chamaepsila humeralis (Zetterstedt, 1847), Psilosoma audouini (Zetterstedt, 1835), and Psila nigripalpis Shatalkin, 1983. It is shown that Psilidae are characterized by secondary symmetry of the pregenital and genital sclerites and muscles, and by reduction of the syntergosternite VII + VIII, which is correlated with reduction of the ejaculatory apodeme (apomorphy); the muscles M25 are also absent. The family shows compaction of the pregenital and genital skeleton and muscles realized in different ways. Clades [[[Chyliza] + [[Imantimyia + Loxocera] + [Chamaepsila + [Psilosoma + Psila]]] are supported by several synapomorphies.
Results of the study of fleas associated with four insectivore and rodent species in northern Karelia are reported. Fleas were collected in August–September 2001, 2003–2004, 2006–2009, 2011, 2015, and 2019 in the environs of the White Sea Biological Station “Kartesh” (Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences). The published data on distribution, host-parasite associations, and seasonal dynamics of eight flea species present in Northwestern European Russia are summarized.
A new species of the genus Ornithomya Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), O. triselevae sp. n., is described from Iturup Island (the Kurile Islands, Russia). The new species differs from other Ornithomya species in the chaetotaxy of abdomen. An updated key to the Far Eastern species of Ornithomya is provided.
Diving beetles were collected in July 2018 in the most typical water bodies and other habitats in the vicinity of Amderma (the Kara Sea coast, northern Yugorsky Peninsula). The revealed fauna of Dytiscidae comprised 15 species from 7 genera, the most diverse of which were Agabus and Hydroporus. The record of Dytiscus lapponicus was the northernmost for the species, while the records of Hydroporus cf. fuscipennis and Agabus pallens were the northernmost for the Palaearctic parts of their ranges. Original photographs illustrate peculiar specimens of D. lapponicus with dark head, pronotum, and scutellum. Most of the recorded species have vast Holarctic arctic-boreal or arcticboreo-montane distributions. The species composition of Dytiscidae was quite similar to that in the northernmost mainland regions (Pakhancheskaya Bay, Kara Tundra, and Pamal) and Vaigach and Dolgy islands, and less similar to that of the southern tundra regions (Kanin Peninsula, Bolvanskaya Bay, Antipayuta village area, and Gyda Peninsula). Among the habitats studied, thermokarst lakes had the most diverse assemblage of diving beetles, with up to 14 species and the highest recorded density of 1150 ind./100 trap-days. In contrast, only 2 or 3 species were recorded on salt marshes, and their density was significantly lower, 1.8–3.6 ind./100 trap-days.
In July 2013, an Eastern Palaearctic weevil Magdalis margaritae Barrios, developing on Ulmus pumila, was found for the first time in Kemerovo City, West Siberia. Findings of this and other coleopterous phytophages of Ulmus pumila in the center of southern Siberia show the possible role of Ulmus pumila plantings as a corridor for herbivore and, probably, pathogen exchange between European and East Asian forest massifs with participation of their endemic Ulmus species.
The taxonomic diversity, distribution patterns, and host-parasite relationships of fleas of the genus Xenopsylla (Pulicidae) are analyzed. Six species and two subspecies of Xenopsylla, associated with gerbils in the territory of Russia and adjacent countries, are known as the main, accessory, or occasional vectors of the plague pathogen.
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