Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0402001
Zenebe Wubshet
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important source of spices and essential oil, which belonging to Zingiberaceae family and propagated by rhizomes. Zingiberaceae family is a tropical group consisting of more than 1200 plant species in 53 genera. The genus Zingiber includes about 85 species of aromatic herbs. Edible ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the earliest known oriental spices and is being cultivated widely both as a fresh vegetable and dried spice. Ginger has been used throughout history as to relieve inflamed joints (Momina et al., 2011). It has originated from India, where it was introduced to Africa and Caribbean countries. However, no definite information on the primary center of domestication of ginger is available (Prabhakaran, 2013). Apart from India, ginger is also grown in China, Hawaii(USA), Indonesia, Nigeria, Thailand, Africa (Nigeria, Seraleone) etc.(Peter,2007; Ezra et al .,2017).
生姜(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)是姜科植物根茎繁殖的重要香料和精油来源。姜科是一个热带类群，有53属1200多种植物。生姜属包括大约85种芳香草本植物。食用姜(Zingiber officinale)是已知最早的东方香料之一，作为新鲜蔬菜和干香料被广泛种植。生姜在历史上一直被用来缓解关节炎症(Momina et al.， 2011)。它起源于印度，在那里被引入非洲和加勒比国家。然而，没有关于生姜主要驯化中心的明确信息(Prabhakaran, 2013)。除印度外，生姜还种植在中国、夏威夷(美国)、印度尼西亚、尼日利亚、泰国、非洲(尼日利亚、塞拉莱尼)等地(Peter,2007;Ezra et al .，2017)。
{"title":"Economic Importance and Management of Ginger Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia Solanacearum","authors":"Zenebe Wubshet","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0402001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0402001","url":null,"abstract":"Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important source of spices and essential oil, which belonging to Zingiberaceae family and propagated by rhizomes. Zingiberaceae family is a tropical group consisting of more than 1200 plant species in 53 genera. The genus Zingiber includes about 85 species of aromatic herbs. Edible ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the earliest known oriental spices and is being cultivated widely both as a fresh vegetable and dried spice. Ginger has been used throughout history as to relieve inflamed joints (Momina et al., 2011). It has originated from India, where it was introduced to Africa and Caribbean countries. However, no definite information on the primary center of domestication of ginger is available (Prabhakaran, 2013). Apart from India, ginger is also grown in China, Hawaii(USA), Indonesia, Nigeria, Thailand, Africa (Nigeria, Seraleone) etc.(Peter,2007; Ezra et al .,2017).","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132578278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0709005
M. Aman, Hayat Worku
Rice (Orzya sativa L.) is a staple and most important security food crop consumed by almost half of the world’s population. More rice production is needed due to the rapid population growth in the world. Therefore, in order to increase the productivity and improve it is resistance for biotic and a biotic stress, different breeding techniques has been applied in rice. And this paper was objected to review and summarize the commonly used breeding methods in rice. One of the oldest and widely used breeding techniques is selection. In India variety like IR8 was improved through this method and mostly used for traits that have low inheritance. Hybridization is the other methods which have yield advantage of about 10% 15% over best inbred varieties were introduced in China. Pedigree method has by far been the most popular method in rice breeding and variety IR64 which is wide adaptation, early maturity and improved quality was developed through this technique. One of the most recent and efficient method in rice breeding is molecular marker assisted. It used DNA markers located near the gene or allele co-segregate with the trait of interest across generations makes it easy to identify the presence or absence of particular gene/ allele in the laboratory itself without growing the crop. Overall, in order to secure the need of the growing population, having different breeding techniques which improve and increase the resistance of rice varieties for variable climate is highly relevant.
{"title":"Common Breeding Techniques in Rice (Orzya sativa L.): Review","authors":"M. Aman, Hayat Worku","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0709005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0709005","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (Orzya sativa L.) is a staple and most important security food crop consumed by almost half of the world’s population. More rice production is needed due to the rapid population growth in the world. Therefore, in order to increase the productivity and improve it is resistance for biotic and a biotic stress, different breeding techniques has been applied in rice. And this paper was objected to review and summarize the commonly used breeding methods in rice. One of the oldest and widely used breeding techniques is selection. In India variety like IR8 was improved through this method and mostly used for traits that have low inheritance. Hybridization is the other methods which have yield advantage of about 10% 15% over best inbred varieties were introduced in China. Pedigree method has by far been the most popular method in rice breeding and variety IR64 which is wide adaptation, early maturity and improved quality was developed through this technique. One of the most recent and efficient method in rice breeding is molecular marker assisted. It used DNA markers located near the gene or allele co-segregate with the trait of interest across generations makes it easy to identify the presence or absence of particular gene/ allele in the laboratory itself without growing the crop. Overall, in order to secure the need of the growing population, having different breeding techniques which improve and increase the resistance of rice varieties for variable climate is highly relevant.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132640091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0705004
Sisay Argaye
In the globe, a rapidly growing population is increasing food demand whilst resources such as good quality land, water and soil are becoming scarcer. Crop production is negatively impacted by numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. As fertilizers such as phosphorous and nitrogen become increasingly scarce and expensive, developing plant varieties that can withstand climate variability, lower rainfalls, warmer temperatures, fewer inputs and pest and disease outbreaks is increasingly vital. Plants that use resources more efficiently or require fewer resources altogether improve the sustainability of agricultural as well as urban and forest ecosystems. Discovering the underlying genes affecting important traits such as yield, quality, disease resistance, and climate adaptability is of paramount importance to increase the agricultural productivity and to feed the world’s growing population it is needed to mitigate production and productivity limiting biotic and abiotic stress.
{"title":"Development and the Role of Tissue Culture in Plant Breeding: A review","authors":"Sisay Argaye","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0705004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0705004","url":null,"abstract":"In the globe, a rapidly growing population is increasing food demand whilst resources such as good quality land, water and soil are becoming scarcer. Crop production is negatively impacted by numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. As fertilizers such as phosphorous and nitrogen become increasingly scarce and expensive, developing plant varieties that can withstand climate variability, lower rainfalls, warmer temperatures, fewer inputs and pest and disease outbreaks is increasingly vital. Plants that use resources more efficiently or require fewer resources altogether improve the sustainability of agricultural as well as urban and forest ecosystems. Discovering the underlying genes affecting important traits such as yield, quality, disease resistance, and climate adaptability is of paramount importance to increase the agricultural productivity and to feed the world’s growing population it is needed to mitigate production and productivity limiting biotic and abiotic stress.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"46 7-8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114123590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0706003
Adetule, Owoeye, Sekumade
The study was designed to assess nexus of agricultural commercialization of farming households in Southwest, Nigeria. The study determined the extent of agricultural commercialization; estimated the determinants of agricultural commercialization; and examined various constraints militating against farming households in the study area. Multi stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 300 farmers with the aid of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Household Commercialization Index, Tobit regression model was used to analyze the data collected. From the result, it was revealed that 88.3% of the respondents were males, and majority (87.3%) of them were married with mean age of 51 years. The mean value of household size was 7 persons and that of years spent in schools was 9.4 years. From the findings, the mean value of years of farming experience was 15.98. Majority (68.3%) of the sampled farmers used inherited land with mean farm size of 2.74 hectares. The result of household commercialization index showed that among all the crops sampled, none attained a ratio of 30%. Maize commercialization was the highest with a ratio of 26%. Cassava ranked second with a ratio of 22.13%. Yam commercialization ranked third with a ratio of 21.81%. The result of Tobit regression for the determinants of household commercialization index depicted that the coefficients of years spent in school, experience in farming, farm size, access to farm mechanization and number of visits of extension services were all significant at various probability levels and with different signs influencing agricultural commercialization in the study area. Agricultural commercialization was however fraught with multiple constraints with price fluctuation being the highest. Therefore, it was concluded the farmers needed the government intervention to boost agricultural commercialization and alleviate poverty in the area. It is therefore recommended that there should be focus on training farmers to view farming as a business; equipping farmers with marketing and negotiating skills. Also, food importation should be totally discouraged to enhance large scale and massive food production in the country.
{"title":"Nexus of Agricultural Commercialization among Farming Households in Southwest, Nigeria","authors":"Adetule, Owoeye, Sekumade","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0706003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0706003","url":null,"abstract":"The study was designed to assess nexus of agricultural commercialization of farming households in Southwest, Nigeria. The study determined the extent of agricultural commercialization; estimated the determinants of agricultural commercialization; and examined various constraints militating against farming households in the study area. Multi stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 300 farmers with the aid of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Household Commercialization Index, Tobit regression model was used to analyze the data collected. From the result, it was revealed that 88.3% of the respondents were males, and majority (87.3%) of them were married with mean age of 51 years. The mean value of household size was 7 persons and that of years spent in schools was 9.4 years. From the findings, the mean value of years of farming experience was 15.98. Majority (68.3%) of the sampled farmers used inherited land with mean farm size of 2.74 hectares. The result of household commercialization index showed that among all the crops sampled, none attained a ratio of 30%. Maize commercialization was the highest with a ratio of 26%. Cassava ranked second with a ratio of 22.13%. Yam commercialization ranked third with a ratio of 21.81%. The result of Tobit regression for the determinants of household commercialization index depicted that the coefficients of years spent in school, experience in farming, farm size, access to farm mechanization and number of visits of extension services were all significant at various probability levels and with different signs influencing agricultural commercialization in the study area. Agricultural commercialization was however fraught with multiple constraints with price fluctuation being the highest. Therefore, it was concluded the farmers needed the government intervention to boost agricultural commercialization and alleviate poverty in the area. It is therefore recommended that there should be focus on training farmers to view farming as a business; equipping farmers with marketing and negotiating skills. Also, food importation should be totally discouraged to enhance large scale and massive food production in the country.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116862373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0704004
Gadisa Muleta, Dawit Milkias
Small-scale irrigation is the feasible way by which agricultural production and productivity can be enhanced to meet the ever-growing food demand of populated countries like Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess factors affecting farm households’ participation decision in small-scale irrigation using the primary data collected from 220 sample households from Walmara district, central Ethiopia. Both descriptive and econometric data analyses were conducted to analyze the collected data. The logistic regression result revealed that the sex of the household head, size of land owned, the occurrence of crop pests during the main season, family size, and access to credit services were the variables that positively and significantly affected household participation decision in small scale irrigation, while age of the household head, number of livestock owned and distance from irrigation site were the variables that negatively and significantly affected households’ participation decision in small-scale irrigation. Therefore, agricultural policy interventions that promoting the establishment of institutions that providing financial, material and technical supports to farmers are recommended.
{"title":"Small Scale Irrigation and its Determinant Factors in Central Ethiopia: Empirical Evidences from Walmara District","authors":"Gadisa Muleta, Dawit Milkias","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0704004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0704004","url":null,"abstract":"Small-scale irrigation is the feasible way by which agricultural production and productivity can be enhanced to meet the ever-growing food demand of populated countries like Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess factors affecting farm households’ participation decision in small-scale irrigation using the primary data collected from 220 sample households from Walmara district, central Ethiopia. Both descriptive and econometric data analyses were conducted to analyze the collected data. The logistic regression result revealed that the sex of the household head, size of land owned, the occurrence of crop pests during the main season, family size, and access to credit services were the variables that positively and significantly affected household participation decision in small scale irrigation, while age of the household head, number of livestock owned and distance from irrigation site were the variables that negatively and significantly affected households’ participation decision in small-scale irrigation. Therefore, agricultural policy interventions that promoting the establishment of institutions that providing financial, material and technical supports to farmers are recommended.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115226149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0509003
M. Adnyana, P. Wardana, R. Ramadhan
Rice is cultivated in Indonesia in a very wide range of ecosystems from irrigated to rainfed, flood prone (shallow, mid-deep, and deep water), swampy land, to uplands, but irrigated land stills the largest planted rice area. Transplanting is the major method of rice cultivation in Indonesia. However, transplanting is becoming increasingly difficult due to shortage and high cost of labor, scarcity of water, and reduced on-farm profit. Thus, direct-seeding is gaining popularity and highly prospective among farmers of Indonesia as in other Asian countries. Direct-seeding constitutes both wet-seeding and dry-seeding, and it does away with the need for, nursery preparation, uprooting of seedlings and transplanting. In the rice agro-ecosystems ideal environment conditions are provided for optimal rice productivity are being exploited by the associated weeds. Irrespective of the method of rice establishment, weeds are a major impediment to rice production through their ability to compete for resources and their impact on product quality.
{"title":"Integrated Weed Management for Large Scale Direct Seeding Hybrid Rice Cultivation at Irrigated Land in Indonesia","authors":"M. Adnyana, P. Wardana, R. Ramadhan","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0509003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0509003","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is cultivated in Indonesia in a very wide range of ecosystems from irrigated to rainfed, flood prone (shallow, mid-deep, and deep water), swampy land, to uplands, but irrigated land stills the largest planted rice area. Transplanting is the major method of rice cultivation in Indonesia. However, transplanting is becoming increasingly difficult due to shortage and high cost of labor, scarcity of water, and reduced on-farm profit. Thus, direct-seeding is gaining popularity and highly prospective among farmers of Indonesia as in other Asian countries. Direct-seeding constitutes both wet-seeding and dry-seeding, and it does away with the need for, nursery preparation, uprooting of seedlings and transplanting. In the rice agro-ecosystems ideal environment conditions are provided for optimal rice productivity are being exploited by the associated weeds. Irrespective of the method of rice establishment, weeds are a major impediment to rice production through their ability to compete for resources and their impact on product quality.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114649130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0209001
Elochukwu C.U
Poverty is a state of want where human beings are unable to meet their basic needs of household such as social amenities, nutrition and economic infrastructural development needed for survival. Poverty where ever it may exist, rural or urban have serious negative impact on the society. In Nigeria, poverty has a direct relationship with the nutrition and lifestyle of the people. Research study has identified that in Nigeria, 60% live below the so called poverty line, which is meant to be about $1-$2 a day per person. Healthy nutrition and lifestyle which is manifested when people are able to meet their basic needs of household such as social amenities, economic infrastructural development and access to adequate nutrient-rich food needed for survival are lacking in Nigeria. This review paper identified the concept of healthy nutrition. It further focused on the factors that cause poverty and malnutrition and the effects of poverty and hunger on an individual and the economy. The paper then recommends certain methods that can be adopted that to fight poverty and malnutrition in Nigeria. Therefore, any nation that strives for greater height in her development, must tackle the issue of poverty and malnutrition with all seriousness it deserves.
{"title":"Poverty and Malnutrition: Trends and Implications in Nigeria.","authors":"Elochukwu C.U","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0209001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0209001","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty is a state of want where human beings are unable to meet their basic needs of household such as social amenities, nutrition and economic infrastructural development needed for survival. Poverty where ever it may exist, rural or urban have serious negative impact on the society. In Nigeria, poverty has a direct relationship with the nutrition and lifestyle of the people. Research study has identified that in Nigeria, 60% live below the so called poverty line, which is meant to be about $1-$2 a day per person. Healthy nutrition and lifestyle which is manifested when people are able to meet their basic needs of household such as social amenities, economic infrastructural development and access to adequate nutrient-rich food needed for survival are lacking in Nigeria. This review paper identified the concept of healthy nutrition. It further focused on the factors that cause poverty and malnutrition and the effects of poverty and hunger on an individual and the economy. The paper then recommends certain methods that can be adopted that to fight poverty and malnutrition in Nigeria. Therefore, any nation that strives for greater height in her development, must tackle the issue of poverty and malnutrition with all seriousness it deserves.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115690523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0707001
B. Ayana, Meseret Ejeta
Bread wheat is the most important cereal food grain crops in the world which can be grown under diverse agro ecology. However, its productivity has been limited due to various abiotic and biotic factors including weeds. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of post emergence broad leaf herbicides application on weed management and productivity of wheat. Four types of herbicides 2,4-D1lt ha,Pyroxulam 0.5lt ha, Florasulam 100ml ha and Florasulam + Amirpyrolid 33gm haalong with weedy check that were laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications. A total of identified 12 weed species were recorded 86 % broad and 14 % grass weeds. Relative weed density also indicated that the field was highly infested by Galinsoga pulviflora Cav. but the lowest infestation of Guizotia scabra(Vis) Chiov was recorded in the field. Results also revealed that significant effects of post emergence herbicides application on some traits studied but there is no significant difference among tested herbicides on plant height, stand count, spike length, number of seeds per spike and thousand grain weights except for weedy checks. The minimum dry biomass weeds (111.00 kg ha) and the highest weed control efficiency (79.63%) were recorded from the Pyroxulam. The highest number of productive tillers(131.66m),stand count(413.00m),seeds per spike(71.58), thousand grain weight (42.00g),grain yield (3928.25 kgha) and biological yield (8693.3kg ha) were recorded from Florasulam + Aminopyrolid while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check. Therefore, it can be concluded that Florasulam + Aminopyrolid effectively managed weeds and gave maximum yield which could be recommended for the test environment.
面包小麦是世界上最重要的谷类粮食作物，可在多种农业生态条件下种植。然而，由于各种非生物和生物因素，包括杂草，其生产力受到限制。本研究旨在评价羽化后施用阔叶除草剂对小麦杂草管理和生产力的影响。4种除草剂2,4- d1lt ha,Pyroxulam 0.5lt ha, Florasulam 100ml ha和Florasulam + Amirpyrolid 33gm，并进行杂草检查，随机完全区组设计，3个重复。共鉴定出12种杂草，其中阔杂草占86%，草杂草占14%。相对杂草密度也表明，该地区灰树花高发。但在田间记录中，黄鼠狼的侵害率最低。除草后施用除草剂对部分性状有显著影响，但在株高、林分数、穗长、穗粒数和千粒重等性状上差异不显著。干生物量杂草最少(111.00 kg ha)，防杂草效率最高(79.63%)。有效分蘖数(131.66m)、林分数(413.00m)、穗粒数(71.58粒)、千粒重(42.00g)、籽粒产量(3928.25 kgha)和生物产量(8693.3kg ha)在Florasulam + Aminopyrolid试验中记录最高，而杂草试验记录最低。综上所述，Florasulam + Aminopyrolid能有效治理杂草，产量最高，可推荐用于试验环境。
{"title":"Impact of Herbicides on Various Weed Flora in Wheat under Rainfed Production System","authors":"B. Ayana, Meseret Ejeta","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0707001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0707001","url":null,"abstract":"Bread wheat is the most important cereal food grain crops in the world which can be grown under diverse agro ecology. However, its productivity has been limited due to various abiotic and biotic factors including weeds. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of post emergence broad leaf herbicides application on weed management and productivity of wheat. Four types of herbicides 2,4-D1lt ha,Pyroxulam 0.5lt ha, Florasulam 100ml ha and Florasulam + Amirpyrolid 33gm haalong with weedy check that were laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications. A total of identified 12 weed species were recorded 86 % broad and 14 % grass weeds. Relative weed density also indicated that the field was highly infested by Galinsoga pulviflora Cav. but the lowest infestation of Guizotia scabra(Vis) Chiov was recorded in the field. Results also revealed that significant effects of post emergence herbicides application on some traits studied but there is no significant difference among tested herbicides on plant height, stand count, spike length, number of seeds per spike and thousand grain weights except for weedy checks. The minimum dry biomass weeds (111.00 kg ha) and the highest weed control efficiency (79.63%) were recorded from the Pyroxulam. The highest number of productive tillers(131.66m),stand count(413.00m),seeds per spike(71.58), thousand grain weight (42.00g),grain yield (3928.25 kgha) and biological yield (8693.3kg ha) were recorded from Florasulam + Aminopyrolid while the lowest values were observed from the weedy check. Therefore, it can be concluded that Florasulam + Aminopyrolid effectively managed weeds and gave maximum yield which could be recommended for the test environment.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"521 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116198271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0207001
K. Kelemu
This paper investigates the impact of mobile telephone on technical efficiency of wheat producing farmers in Ethiopia using data collected by Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). The study indicated significant impact of mobile telephone on technical efficiency implying the potential role of mobile telecommunication service in improving overall wheat productivity through improving technical efficiency of farmers.
{"title":"Impact of Mobile Telephone on Technical Efficiency of WheatGrowing Farmers in Ethiopia","authors":"K. Kelemu","doi":"10.20431/2454-6224.0207001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0207001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of mobile telephone on technical efficiency of wheat producing farmers in Ethiopia using data collected by Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). The study indicated significant impact of mobile telephone on technical efficiency implying the potential role of mobile telecommunication service in improving overall wheat productivity through improving technical efficiency of farmers.","PeriodicalId":117425,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115256462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-6224.0704003
G. Hailu, M. Zakir
Long pepper cuttings are traditionally planted in a trench & covered with plastic sheet to get large number of transplantable seedlings. But the success of the transplant is often low hence; it is common to retain cuttings for more than a year to synchronize their stage of transplanting with start of main rainy season. This requires extra costs for nursery operation & maintenance that needs further research focus to fill the gap alleviated by identifying best growing media, suitable type of cutting type & identifying appropriate watering frequency. The present study was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center (JARC) to investigate the influence of rooting media, cutting types and watering frequency on dry matter production of long pepper cuttings. Four types of media, composed of sub soil(ss), top soil(ts), farmyard manure(fym) and fine sand with the following proportion, 2top soil + 1farmyard manure + 2fine sand recommended for coffee cutting , 6top soil + 3farmyard manure + 2fine sand recommended for coffee nursery, 1/3 ss upper + 2top soil + 1farmyard manure + 1fine sand recommended for tea media and 2top soil + 1farmyard manure + 1fine sand recommended for coffee nursery, three level of cutting type soft wood (sw), semi hard wood(shw) and hard wood (hw) and four level of watering frequency were combined in split plot design with three replications, where four watering frequency levels were assigned to main plots, four media type levels were assigned to sub plot and three types of cutting (soft wood, semi hard wood and hard wood) levels were assigned to subsub plot were combined with factorial arrangement (4 x 4 x 3) with 48 treatments. Data was collected for root and shoot dry matter production after six months of planting. The analysis of variance for average dry shoot weight was significantly influenced by watering frequency, rooting media and cutting type. The main effect of watering frequency, rooting media, the interaction effect of watering frequency with rooting media, watering frequency with cutting type and media with cutting type, the three way interaction effect of watering frequency, rooting media and cutting type were very highly significant (P < 0.001) difference. Attention should also be given in selecting the cutting type and position on the stock plant while preparing the cuttings.
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