The construction sector is one of the sectors that have a great impact on the environment, and it isone of the sectors that consume energy and resources, so it was necessary to achieve sustainabledevelopment for this sector, which is very important and vital, as the depletion of resources,carbon dioxide emissions, the development of building materials, and their high prices, With thepresence of large amounts of waste resulting from demolition and replacement around the world,and most of these wastes are hazardous, their disposal may cause environmental pollution, It wasnecessary to research the methods that solve the problem of waste, to achieve the requiredsustainability, and the recycling of waste was the most important of these methods, so we did inthis research a scientometric analysis, It was necessary to discuss the methods that solve theproblem of waste, to achieve the required sustainability, and waste recycling was the mostimportant of these methods, so in this research we made a cytometric analysis, which in turn isconsidered one of the methods of sustainability of references in this field, which in turn leads tothe practical sustainability of operations Construction management and waste management,Where we have collected studies, research and articles related to the subject of recycling, from2010 to 2022, in a table, easy to refer to, as well as the most important keywords, the mostimportant sources of production and publication of articles and maps that explain this, Inaddition to presenting some of the most important construction waste and how to recycle andbenefit from it, so that we have combined reference and practical sustainability and linked themto achieve sustainability in general in the field of construction management, Where we havecollected studies, research, and articles related to the subject of recycling, from 2010 to 2022, in atable, easy to refer to, as well as the most important keywords, the most important sources ofproduction and publication of articles and maps that explain this, In addition to presenting someof the most important construction waste and how to recycle and benefit from it, so that we havecombined reference and practical sustainability and linked them to achieve sustainability ingeneral in the field of construction management.
{"title":"The Scientometric Analysis of Material Recycling in Sustainable Construction","authors":"Gadah Hashoosh","doi":"10.56038/oprd.v2i1.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v2i1.229","url":null,"abstract":"The construction sector is one of the sectors that have a great impact on the environment, and it isone of the sectors that consume energy and resources, so it was necessary to achieve sustainabledevelopment for this sector, which is very important and vital, as the depletion of resources,carbon dioxide emissions, the development of building materials, and their high prices, With thepresence of large amounts of waste resulting from demolition and replacement around the world,and most of these wastes are hazardous, their disposal may cause environmental pollution, It wasnecessary to research the methods that solve the problem of waste, to achieve the requiredsustainability, and the recycling of waste was the most important of these methods, so we did inthis research a scientometric analysis, It was necessary to discuss the methods that solve theproblem of waste, to achieve the required sustainability, and waste recycling was the mostimportant of these methods, so in this research we made a cytometric analysis, which in turn isconsidered one of the methods of sustainability of references in this field, which in turn leads tothe practical sustainability of operations Construction management and waste management,Where we have collected studies, research and articles related to the subject of recycling, from2010 to 2022, in a table, easy to refer to, as well as the most important keywords, the mostimportant sources of production and publication of articles and maps that explain this, Inaddition to presenting some of the most important construction waste and how to recycle andbenefit from it, so that we have combined reference and practical sustainability and linked themto achieve sustainability in general in the field of construction management, Where we havecollected studies, research, and articles related to the subject of recycling, from 2010 to 2022, in atable, easy to refer to, as well as the most important keywords, the most important sources ofproduction and publication of articles and maps that explain this, In addition to presenting someof the most important construction waste and how to recycle and benefit from it, so that we havecombined reference and practical sustainability and linked them to achieve sustainability ingeneral in the field of construction management.","PeriodicalId":117452,"journal":{"name":"Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125072652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, the use of metal sheet is quite high in order to provide the required strength and endurance values in the automotive industry. Metal sheets take form by going through different operations. Special oils are used in order to create the geometric forms they have easily and to prevent the sheet metal from being damaged. These used oils come into contact with metals during the geometric forming and machining processes and most of them remain on the metals. These oils cause difficulties in operations such as welding, coating and painting after the forming process. For this reason, a clean surface is considered as the most important step in the preliminary preparation of the next processes. There is an increase in the stickiness of the oil on the metal, which reaches a certain temperature by applying the welding process. This situation causes problems such as non-adhesion to the surface and peeling of the coating in the powder paint and zinc coating applied to increase the corrosion resistance of metals and the life of the product. In addition, when the oil residues on the metal are not cleaned, undesirable boiling occurs in the coating pool and causes an ash problem. In this study, it is aimed to develop a metal-specific degreasing process to clean the oils of different viscosities used in different processes while forming the geometric form of the metal. Thus, the surface quality will increase and it will be ensured that the errors that occur in the next operations that require surface cleaning will be prevented.
{"title":"Development of Oil Purification Process in Metal Sheet Products","authors":"Anıl Şeker, Ümit Çeğil","doi":"10.56038/oprd.v2i1.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v2i1.231","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the use of metal sheet is quite high in order to provide the required strength and endurance values in the automotive industry. Metal sheets take form by going through different operations. Special oils are used in order to create the geometric forms they have easily and to prevent the sheet metal from being damaged. These used oils come into contact with metals during the geometric forming and machining processes and most of them remain on the metals. These oils cause difficulties in operations such as welding, coating and painting after the forming process. For this reason, a clean surface is considered as the most important step in the preliminary preparation of the next processes. There is an increase in the stickiness of the oil on the metal, which reaches a certain temperature by applying the welding process. This situation causes problems such as non-adhesion to the surface and peeling of the coating in the powder paint and zinc coating applied to increase the corrosion resistance of metals and the life of the product. In addition, when the oil residues on the metal are not cleaned, undesirable boiling occurs in the coating pool and causes an ash problem. \u0000In this study, it is aimed to develop a metal-specific degreasing process to clean the oils of different viscosities used in different processes while forming the geometric form of the metal. Thus, the surface quality will increase and it will be ensured that the errors that occur in the next operations that require surface cleaning will be prevented.","PeriodicalId":117452,"journal":{"name":"Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127520222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain tumours are one of the most challenging medical conditions to diagnose and treat. Accurate and timely classification of brain tumours is critical for effective treatment planning and patient management. Machine learning algorithms have shown great promise in improving the accuracy of brain tumour classification. This study implemented high-grade glioma (HGG) and low-grade glioma (LGG) classification on four different 3D-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans (FLAIR, T1, T1c, T2). By using four different scans, 15 different combinations were created for classification process. 3D Discrete Wavelet Transform was used to transform tumour images for feature extraction stage. 36 different wavelet types were used for image transformation. First Order Statistics (mean, variance, kurtosis, skewness, entropy, energy) were extracted from transformed images of 36 wavelet types. Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithm classified the FOS features that were obtained on BraTS 2017 dataset. The 2-fold, 5-fold, and 10-fold cross-validations are implemented and six metrics (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, F1-score, AUC) evaluated the performance of proposed method. Consequently, proposed method achieved remarkable scores of 95.23% (sensitivity), 78.81% (specificity), 90.89% (accuracy), 92.59% (precision), 93.89% (F1-score), and 87.02% (AUC) for HGG/LGG classification of 3D brain MRI data on T1+T1c+T2 combination by 2-fold cross validation.
{"title":"Classification of 3D-DWT Features of Brain Tumours with SVM","authors":"Mücahid Barstuğan","doi":"10.56038/oprd.v2i1.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v2i1.239","url":null,"abstract":"Brain tumours are one of the most challenging medical conditions to diagnose and treat. Accurate and timely classification of brain tumours is critical for effective treatment planning and patient management. Machine learning algorithms have shown great promise in improving the accuracy of brain tumour classification. This study implemented high-grade glioma (HGG) and low-grade glioma (LGG) classification on four different 3D-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans (FLAIR, T1, T1c, T2). By using four different scans, 15 different combinations were created for classification process. 3D Discrete Wavelet Transform was used to transform tumour images for feature extraction stage. 36 different wavelet types were used for image transformation. First Order Statistics (mean, variance, kurtosis, skewness, entropy, energy) were extracted from transformed images of 36 wavelet types. Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithm classified the FOS features that were obtained on BraTS 2017 dataset. The 2-fold, 5-fold, and 10-fold cross-validations are implemented and six metrics (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, F1-score, AUC) evaluated the performance of proposed method. Consequently, proposed method achieved remarkable scores of 95.23% (sensitivity), 78.81% (specificity), 90.89% (accuracy), 92.59% (precision), 93.89% (F1-score), and 87.02% (AUC) for HGG/LGG classification of 3D brain MRI data on T1+T1c+T2 combination by 2-fold cross validation.","PeriodicalId":117452,"journal":{"name":"Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131055124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatma Nur Erdoğmuş, Melis Öder, Ahmet Berk Ezber, Oktay Kalkan
With the rapid increase in population in the world, people's demands for chilled and frozen foods are also increasing. The healthy and energy efficient cold storage of foods has become an important issue. In this context, studies on the efficiency and performance of energy management models including automatic control techniques on cooling systems have been investigated in recent years. The purpose of this study is to give information about faults, traceable energy management models and control systems in the perspective of cooling systems. Maintenance of cooling systems, malfunctions and their late detection cause time and cost problems. The decrease in the performance of the cooling system or the occurrence of malfunctions cause economic costs as well as energy consumption. Controlling the changes in pressure, temperature and electricity consumption values in cooling systems and comparing them with standard operating conditions is one of the methods used for fault detection. Faults that may occur in cooling systems; compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion element and fan failures, thermal failures, phase protection relay failures, under/over refrigerant charge, probe failures, night curtain electric motor failure, condenser-evaporator surface pollution. Errors and malfunctions occurring in the cycle cause the parameters under normal operating conditions and accordingly the cooling performance coefficient to change. Traceable energy management models are needed to detect faults and prevent them in a short time. With the design and implementation of these models, long-term damage to the system is prevented by reducing energy, maintenance and repair costs. In the design of traceable energy management models and control systems for cooling systems; set point and management, alarm notification and management, designing algorithms with precise temperature control will provide energy efficiency.
{"title":"Investigation of Cooling Systems Faults, Control and Management Models","authors":"Fatma Nur Erdoğmuş, Melis Öder, Ahmet Berk Ezber, Oktay Kalkan","doi":"10.56038/oprd.v2i1.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v2i1.250","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid increase in population in the world, people's demands for chilled and frozen foods are also increasing. The healthy and energy efficient cold storage of foods has become an important issue. In this context, studies on the efficiency and performance of energy management models including automatic control techniques on cooling systems have been investigated in recent years. The purpose of this study is to give information about faults, traceable energy management models and control systems in the perspective of cooling systems. \u0000Maintenance of cooling systems, malfunctions and their late detection cause time and cost problems. The decrease in the performance of the cooling system or the occurrence of malfunctions cause economic costs as well as energy consumption. Controlling the changes in pressure, temperature and electricity consumption values in cooling systems and comparing them with standard operating conditions is one of the methods used for fault detection. Faults that may occur in cooling systems; compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion element and fan failures, thermal failures, phase protection relay failures, under/over refrigerant charge, probe failures, night curtain electric motor failure, condenser-evaporator surface pollution. Errors and malfunctions occurring in the cycle cause the parameters under normal operating conditions and accordingly the cooling performance coefficient to change. Traceable energy management models are needed to detect faults and prevent them in a short time. With the design and implementation of these models, long-term damage to the system is prevented by reducing energy, maintenance and repair costs. \u0000In the design of traceable energy management models and control systems for cooling systems; set point and management, alarm notification and management, designing algorithms with precise temperature control will provide energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":117452,"journal":{"name":"Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development","volume":"45 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120884145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endemic plants are those that are native to a specific geographic region and are found nowhere else in the world. These plants are crucial for biodiversity, conservation, cultural significance, and economic value. Turkey hosts more than 4000 endemic plants. Therefore, this makes Turkey the richest in Europe. Preserving this habitat holds importance. This study aims to conceptualize a possible application that helps individuals to identify endemic species using camera-captured images. Thus, aiding the preservation of the habitat. In this study, 23 selected species of Turkey’s endemic biodiversity are classified using Deep Neural Network built. In line with the objective of this study, a dataset containing 253 images is created to train the network. The dataset is available at: github.com/melihoz/endemicdataset
{"title":"Endemic Plant Classification Using Deep Neural Networks","authors":"Melih Öz, Alper Özcan","doi":"10.56038/oprd.v2i1.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v2i1.252","url":null,"abstract":"Endemic plants are those that are native to a specific geographic region and are found nowhere else in the world. These plants are crucial for biodiversity, conservation, cultural significance, and economic value. Turkey hosts more than 4000 endemic plants. Therefore, this makes Turkey the richest in Europe. Preserving this habitat holds importance. This study aims to conceptualize a possible application that helps individuals to identify endemic species using camera-captured images. Thus, aiding the preservation of the habitat. In this study, 23 selected species of Turkey’s endemic biodiversity are classified using Deep Neural Network built. In line with the objective of this study, a dataset containing 253 images is created to train the network. The dataset is available at: github.com/melihoz/endemicdataset","PeriodicalId":117452,"journal":{"name":"Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117207864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Burning fossil fuels for transportation is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global warming, air pollution, and health problems. Research estimates that cars alone emit more than 300 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year due to the internal combustion engines that use fossil fuels. In contrast to fossil fuel vehicles, electric vehicles have zero tailpipe emissions. Therefore, countries around the world are making efforts to use electric vehicles instead of fossil fuels. Two of the available alternatives to internal-combustion engines are battery and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. This work investigates the basic functionalities and current advancements of battery and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. A comprehensive comparison of the benefits and drawbacks of each technology is provided, along with future forecasts for transportation.
{"title":"A Comparison of Battery and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles for Clean Transportation","authors":"Mustafa Sacid Endiz","doi":"10.56038/oprd.v2i1.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v2i1.230","url":null,"abstract":"Burning fossil fuels for transportation is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global warming, air pollution, and health problems. Research estimates that cars alone emit more than 300 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year due to the internal combustion engines that use fossil fuels. In contrast to fossil fuel vehicles, electric vehicles have zero tailpipe emissions. Therefore, countries around the world are making efforts to use electric vehicles instead of fossil fuels. Two of the available alternatives to internal-combustion engines are battery and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. This work investigates the basic functionalities and current advancements of battery and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. A comprehensive comparison of the benefits and drawbacks of each technology is provided, along with future forecasts for transportation.","PeriodicalId":117452,"journal":{"name":"Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development","volume":"3 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134289664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing demand in wireless communications for enhanced spectral efficiency (SE) and throughput makes massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) a great choice for meeting those demands by using a vast set of antennas. Despite the advantages of massive MIMO, to implement such systems comes with a huge price tag and consumes a lot of power. Hybrid beamforming (HBF) architecture has drawn considerable attention in the past few years, by significantly decreasing the amount of employed radio frequency (RF) chains and combining high dimensional analog beamforming (ABF) using phase shifters (PS) together with low dimensional digital beamforming (DBF). However, because of the extreme energy consumption and hardware complexity, traditional precoding designs are difficult to implement. In this paper, two HBF techniques are proposed to address the above issue. (i) low complexity precoding known as phased zero forcing (PZF) precoding, which controls phase only in the RF domain (ii) singular value decomposition (SVD) based optimal unconstrained precoding, that can be implemented on inexpensive RF components.
{"title":"Hybrid Beamforming for Multi User Massive MIMO Systems","authors":"Abdirahman Abdikarim Hussein, Didem Kıvanç Türeli","doi":"10.56038/oprd.v2i1.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v2i1.246","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand in wireless communications for enhanced spectral efficiency (SE) and throughput makes massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) a great choice for meeting those demands by using a vast set of antennas. Despite the advantages of massive MIMO, to implement such systems comes with a huge price tag and consumes a lot of power. Hybrid beamforming (HBF) architecture has drawn considerable attention in the past few years, by significantly decreasing the amount of employed radio frequency (RF) chains and combining high dimensional analog beamforming (ABF) using phase shifters (PS) together with low dimensional digital beamforming (DBF). However, because of the extreme energy consumption and hardware complexity, traditional precoding designs are difficult to implement. In this paper, two HBF techniques are proposed to address the above issue. (i) low complexity precoding known as phased zero forcing (PZF) precoding, which controls phase only in the RF domain (ii) singular value decomposition (SVD) based optimal unconstrained precoding, that can be implemented on inexpensive RF components.","PeriodicalId":117452,"journal":{"name":"Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126453922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a lossless and secure audio encryption method based on the chaotic Chebyshev map. Firstly, the input audio samples are preprocessed to obtain the integer and decimal parts. The integer parts are rescaled to the interval [0,255]. By iterating the Chebyshev map in the chaotic range using plaintext-dependent variables, the integer parts of the input audio sample are scrambled and then diffused. Finally, a post-processing operation is applied to the diffused audio samples. Keyspace and key sensitivity analysis, histogram analysis, the correlation between adjacent samples analysis, information entropy analysis, number of sample change rate analysis, and speed analysis results are presented. These security analysis results show that the proposed audio encryption method can be used in secure voice transmission applications.
{"title":"A Lossless Audio Encryption Method based on Chebyshev Map","authors":"Mehmet Demirtaş","doi":"10.56038/oprd.v2i1.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v2i1.234","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a lossless and secure audio encryption method based on the chaotic Chebyshev map. Firstly, the input audio samples are preprocessed to obtain the integer and decimal parts. The integer parts are rescaled to the interval [0,255]. By iterating the Chebyshev map in the chaotic range using plaintext-dependent variables, the integer parts of the input audio sample are scrambled and then diffused. Finally, a post-processing operation is applied to the diffused audio samples. Keyspace and key sensitivity analysis, histogram analysis, the correlation between adjacent samples analysis, information entropy analysis, number of sample change rate analysis, and speed analysis results are presented. These security analysis results show that the proposed audio encryption method can be used in secure voice transmission applications.","PeriodicalId":117452,"journal":{"name":"Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127918842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, the concept of industry 4.0 frequently occur in the literature. The digitalization of manufacturing grows rapidly. The basic structure of the approach is to transform the hardware and equipment in the manufacturing into intelligent elements that communicate each other. In this study, based on the idea of intelligent equipment; we propose to transform traditional power screwdrivers into smart devices that communicate with various IoT applications or cloud applications by including electronic cards and software components. Our approach aims to minimize the percentage of human error in the manufacturing process. There are four main elements in our system. These are Web/Cloud Server, NGP Operator panels, RF I/O card and power screwdriver RF card. All these elements communicate with each other. The overall working principle of the system is briefly as follows. There is a database on the Web/Cloud Server. In this database, there are job parameters related to the assembly ID(CIS) number which defined for each assembly job. Various operations to be performed according to the assembly ID(CIS) number are defined in detail in the database, for example, for power screwdrivers, the number of tightening information is defined on a rule-based basis. With the Web API developed in C# language, the web/cloud server communicates with the linux computer that executes the NGP operator panel. When an assembly job starts, if the assembly ID(CIS) number matches the stock definition, then the relevant transaction data is retrieved from the web server and displayed on the NGP operator panel. The front-end software on the NGP operator panel was developed using Microsoft.NET and compiled using Mono Framework to support Linux OS. As soon as an assembly job starts, the number of screws to be tightened determined according to the assembly ID(CIS) related rules. After that, the gun MAC (TMAC) address information is transmitted from the NGP operator panel to the RF I/O Card via RS232 serial port communication. The ZigBee protocol carries the information about how many screws will be tightened from the RF I/O Card to the Gun RF card mounted on power screwdriver. A special RF based protocol developed for that purpose. By means of our proposed protocol, "OK" or "Not OK" information is sent to the RF I/O card of the NGP operator panel every time the operator performs the tightening operation. With the bidirectional RS232 serial port communication, an information message is returned for each completed operation to the NGP operator panel via the RF I/O card. When all the operations related to the assembly ID(CIS) number are completed, the relevant data is transmitted over the Web Server API and recorded in the database, and the assembly life cycle is completed. This study demonstrates how traditional power screwdrivers may be transformed into an IoT-enabled smart manufacturing device without extensive modification. Thanks to the proposed solution, the digital transformatio
如今，工业4.0的概念频繁出现在文献中。制造业数字化发展迅速。该方法的基本结构是将制造中的硬件和设备转化为相互通信的智能元件。本研究基于智能装备的思想;我们建议将传统的功率螺丝刀转变为智能设备，通过包含电子卡和软件组件，与各种物联网应用或云应用进行通信。我们的方法旨在尽量减少制造过程中人为错误的百分比。我们的系统有四个主要元素。这些是Web/云服务器，NGP操作员面板，射频I/O卡和电源螺丝刀射频卡。所有这些元素都相互沟通。系统的总体工作原理简述如下。在Web/云服务器上有一个数据库。在这个数据库中，有与为每个装配作业定义的装配ID(CIS)号相关的作业参数。根据CIS (assembly ID)号执行的各种操作在数据库中有详细的定义，例如对于电动螺丝刀，拧紧次数信息有规则的定义。通过c#语言开发的Web API, Web /云服务器与执行NGP操作面板的linux计算机进行通信。当组装作业开始时，如果组装ID(CIS)号与库存定义匹配，则从web服务器检索相关事务数据并显示在NGP操作面板上。NGP操作面板前端软件采用Microsoft开发。使用Mono Framework编译以支持Linux操作系统。一旦装配工作开始，根据装配ID(CIS)相关规则确定要拧紧的螺钉数量。之后，枪MAC (TMAC)地址信息通过RS232串口通信从NGP操作面板传输到RF I/O卡。ZigBee协议包含了从射频I/O卡到安装在电源螺丝刀上的Gun射频卡需要拧紧多少个螺丝的信息。为此目的开发的一种特殊的基于射频的协议。通过我们提出的协议，每次操作员执行拧紧操作时，都会向NGP操作员面板的RF I/O卡发送“OK”或“Not OK”信息。通过双向RS232串口通信，每完成一次操作，通过RF I/O卡向NGP操作员面板返回一条信息消息。当与程序集ID(CIS)号相关的所有操作完成后，相关数据通过Web Server API传输并记录到数据库中，程序集生命周期结束。该研究展示了如何将传统的电动螺丝刀转变为支持物联网的智能制造设备，而无需进行大量修改。由于提出的解决方案，传统设备的数字化转型将负担得起，并适用于许多不同的制造工具。
{"title":"A New System Design for Making Non-Intelligent Handheld Devices Used in Production Compatible with Industry 4.0","authors":"Kader Nikbay Oylum, T. Bilgin, Kenan Selçuk","doi":"10.56038/oprd.v1i1.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v1i1.156","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the concept of industry 4.0 frequently occur in the literature. The digitalization of manufacturing grows rapidly. The basic structure of the approach is to transform the hardware and equipment in the manufacturing into intelligent elements that communicate each other. In this study, based on the idea of intelligent equipment; we propose to transform traditional power screwdrivers into smart devices that communicate with various IoT applications or cloud applications by including electronic cards and software components. Our approach aims to minimize the percentage of human error in the manufacturing process.\u0000There are four main elements in our system. These are Web/Cloud Server, NGP Operator panels, RF I/O card and power screwdriver RF card. All these elements communicate with each other. The overall working principle of the system is briefly as follows. There is a database on the Web/Cloud Server. In this database, there are job parameters related to the assembly ID(CIS) number which defined for each assembly job. Various operations to be performed according to the assembly ID(CIS) number are defined in detail in the database, for example, for power screwdrivers, the number of tightening information is defined on a rule-based basis. With the Web API developed in C# language, the web/cloud server communicates with the linux computer that executes the NGP operator panel. When an assembly job starts, if the assembly ID(CIS) number matches the stock definition, then the relevant transaction data is retrieved from the web server and displayed on the NGP operator panel. The front-end software on the NGP operator panel was developed using Microsoft.NET and compiled using Mono Framework to support Linux OS. As soon as an assembly job starts, the number of screws to be tightened determined according to the assembly ID(CIS) related rules. After that, the gun MAC (TMAC) address information is transmitted from the NGP operator panel to the RF I/O Card via RS232 serial port communication. The ZigBee protocol carries the information about how many screws will be tightened from the RF I/O Card to the Gun RF card mounted on power screwdriver. A special RF based protocol developed for that purpose. By means of our proposed protocol, \"OK\" or \"Not OK\" information is sent to the RF I/O card of the NGP operator panel every time the operator performs the tightening operation. With the bidirectional RS232 serial port communication, an information message is returned for each completed operation to the NGP operator panel via the RF I/O card. When all the operations related to the assembly ID(CIS) number are completed, the relevant data is transmitted over the Web Server API and recorded in the database, and the assembly life cycle is completed.\u0000This study demonstrates how traditional power screwdrivers may be transformed into an IoT-enabled smart manufacturing device without extensive modification. Thanks to the proposed solution, the digital transformatio","PeriodicalId":117452,"journal":{"name":"Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development","volume":"453 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123279343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a Z-Bar design was made for the HİDROMEK wheel loader machine. In the design, the forces and moments that the HİDROMEK construction machine is exposed to under working conditions were evaluated and the longest working life was aimed for the Z-Bar. Alternative designs were prepared using the Creo Parametric package program and analyzed using the MSC Marc package program with the finite element method. In the scenario where the Z-Bar part is most stressed, boundary conditions are defined and the resulting reaction forces are applied to the part. Afterwards, analysis solutions of alternative structures were evaluated and design improvements were made for the final product. As a result of the studies; The production of the Z-Bar part, which is one of the most critical parts for wheel loader machines, has been completed.
{"title":"Z-Bar Design and Structural Analysis in Loader Construction Equipment","authors":"Mehmet Can Katmer, Gökberk Biçer","doi":"10.56038/oprd.v1i1.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v1i1.147","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a Z-Bar design was made for the HİDROMEK wheel loader machine. In the design, the forces and moments that the HİDROMEK construction machine is exposed to under working conditions were evaluated and the longest working life was aimed for the Z-Bar. Alternative designs were prepared using the Creo Parametric package program and analyzed using the MSC Marc package program with the finite element method. In the scenario where the Z-Bar part is most stressed, boundary conditions are defined and the resulting reaction forces are applied to the part. Afterwards, analysis solutions of alternative structures were evaluated and design improvements were made for the final product. As a result of the studies; The production of the Z-Bar part, which is one of the most critical parts for wheel loader machines, has been completed.","PeriodicalId":117452,"journal":{"name":"Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129715591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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