Pub Date : 2020-04-24DOI: 10.1080/10406026.2020.1756078
A. Singh, A. Srivastava
Abstract The present study was carried out during the Diwali fireworks period in the month of November over an urban site in Delhi, India. This article concludes that the burning of crackers and sparkles are a strong source of metals, organic carbon, elemental carbon and particulate matter pollution, and that firecrackers burning adversely affects ambient air quality. Morevoer, the release of certain toxic elements and gases such as aluminum, barium, strontium and chlorine can have particualry negative health affects on people suffering with respiratory ailements. Public awareness is needed to control air pollution caused due to the display of fireworks.
{"title":"The Impact of Fireworks Emissions on Air Quality in Delhi, India","authors":"A. Singh, A. Srivastava","doi":"10.1080/10406026.2020.1756078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2020.1756078","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study was carried out during the Diwali fireworks period in the month of November over an urban site in Delhi, India. This article concludes that the burning of crackers and sparkles are a strong source of metals, organic carbon, elemental carbon and particulate matter pollution, and that firecrackers burning adversely affects ambient air quality. Morevoer, the release of certain toxic elements and gases such as aluminum, barium, strontium and chlorine can have particualry negative health affects on people suffering with respiratory ailements. Public awareness is needed to control air pollution caused due to the display of fireworks.","PeriodicalId":11761,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Claims Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10406026.2020.1756078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42058784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-14DOI: 10.1080/10406026.2020.1750803
N. Khatri, Krutarth Raval, A. Jha, Dr. Deepak Rawtani
Abstract Benthic macroinvertebrates are ecological indicators used for assessment of water quality and pollution. Their abundance in water depends on its pollution tolerance. The list of Macro benthos and the distribution in seven different areas of the Mahisagar River in Gujarat, India were studied to confirm the River’s water quality. Application of biodiversity indices at various locations of the River by analyzing different available benthic macroinvertebrates provide necessary pollution information to zoologists, entomologists and ecologists for environment impact assessment studies.
{"title":"Pollution Indicators at Stretches of the Mahisagar River in Gujarat India","authors":"N. Khatri, Krutarth Raval, A. Jha, Dr. Deepak Rawtani","doi":"10.1080/10406026.2020.1750803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2020.1750803","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Benthic macroinvertebrates are ecological indicators used for assessment of water quality and pollution. Their abundance in water depends on its pollution tolerance. The list of Macro benthos and the distribution in seven different areas of the Mahisagar River in Gujarat, India were studied to confirm the River’s water quality. Application of biodiversity indices at various locations of the River by analyzing different available benthic macroinvertebrates provide necessary pollution information to zoologists, entomologists and ecologists for environment impact assessment studies.","PeriodicalId":11761,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Claims Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10406026.2020.1750803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42452075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10406026.2019.1706267
Colin M. Knoer
Abstract Climate change is a global problem resulting from our aggregate emissions. The United States has failed to take significant action on a federal level to address our country’s contributions. There are options available at the state and local levels to reduce emissions and to prepare for the effects of climate change. However, the commerce clause and the doctrine of federal supremacy may bar states and municipalities from adopting those strategies. This article discusses tactics to circumvent those restrictions, and potential changes to commerce clause jurisprudence that would give states and municipalities greater flexibility to act where Congress has not.
{"title":"Climate Change Meets the Commerce Clause: Obstacles and Alternatives for State and Local Responses to Climate Change","authors":"Colin M. Knoer","doi":"10.1080/10406026.2019.1706267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2019.1706267","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change is a global problem resulting from our aggregate emissions. The United States has failed to take significant action on a federal level to address our country’s contributions. There are options available at the state and local levels to reduce emissions and to prepare for the effects of climate change. However, the commerce clause and the doctrine of federal supremacy may bar states and municipalities from adopting those strategies. This article discusses tactics to circumvent those restrictions, and potential changes to commerce clause jurisprudence that would give states and municipalities greater flexibility to act where Congress has not.","PeriodicalId":11761,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Claims Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10406026.2019.1706267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47190461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10406026.2020.1744854
Banwari Dandotiya, H. K. Sharma, N. Jadon
Abstract This article reports on a study conducted to determine the concentration of SO2 and NO2 in various urban residential zones in an urban area of Gwalior City. The aim of this study was to examine the spatiotemporal variations of gaseous air pollutants at four sites in the Gwalior urban area. The concentrations of NO2 and SO2 were systematically monitored according to national ambient air quality guidelines provided by Central Pollution Control Board, India. Among the various finding, this article documents that concentrations of gaseous pollutants were most elevated in commercial and high traffic areas.
{"title":"Ambient Air Quality and Meteorological Monitoring of Gaseous Pollutants in Urban Areas of Gwalior City India","authors":"Banwari Dandotiya, H. K. Sharma, N. Jadon","doi":"10.1080/10406026.2020.1744854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2020.1744854","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article reports on a study conducted to determine the concentration of SO2 and NO2 in various urban residential zones in an urban area of Gwalior City. The aim of this study was to examine the spatiotemporal variations of gaseous air pollutants at four sites in the Gwalior urban area. The concentrations of NO2 and SO2 were systematically monitored according to national ambient air quality guidelines provided by Central Pollution Control Board, India. Among the various finding, this article documents that concentrations of gaseous pollutants were most elevated in commercial and high traffic areas.","PeriodicalId":11761,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Claims Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10406026.2020.1744854","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44871490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10406026.2020.1713511
M. Schroeder
Abstract Environmental insurance transfers to an Insurer all or part of a financial institutions loss resulting from legal liability for pollution conditions, or loss resulting from a borrower loan default and the discovery of a pollution condition on property that serves as collateral for a loan. Today, several major environmental insurers offer diverse, broad and flexible insurance policy terms and conditions. The placement of environmental insurance can add positive value to the financial institution’s balance sheet by providing more protection to the financial institution than the traditional environmental due diligence methods and loan underwriting process affords.
{"title":"Environmental Insurance and Financial Institutions","authors":"M. Schroeder","doi":"10.1080/10406026.2020.1713511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2020.1713511","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Environmental insurance transfers to an Insurer all or part of a financial institutions loss resulting from legal liability for pollution conditions, or loss resulting from a borrower loan default and the discovery of a pollution condition on property that serves as collateral for a loan. Today, several major environmental insurers offer diverse, broad and flexible insurance policy terms and conditions. The placement of environmental insurance can add positive value to the financial institution’s balance sheet by providing more protection to the financial institution than the traditional environmental due diligence methods and loan underwriting process affords.","PeriodicalId":11761,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Claims Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10406026.2020.1713511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49642334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10406026.2019.1699723
Charu Tyagi, N. Gupta, V. Soni, K. Sarma
Abstract This article reports on timing the adverse effects of black carbon released into the atmosphere from biomass combustion, vehicular emissions and local combustion sources. Black carbon contributes to global warming through its light absorption capacity, has a direct and indirect impact on climate and public health, and will result in ongoing environmental damages and claims. The authors studied measurements of black carbon taken in Delhi, India during 2016 and 2017, and reports on seasonal factors that contribute to higher emissions.
{"title":"Seasonal Variation of Black Carbon Emissions in Urban Delhi, India","authors":"Charu Tyagi, N. Gupta, V. Soni, K. Sarma","doi":"10.1080/10406026.2019.1699723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2019.1699723","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article reports on timing the adverse effects of black carbon released into the atmosphere from biomass combustion, vehicular emissions and local combustion sources. Black carbon contributes to global warming through its light absorption capacity, has a direct and indirect impact on climate and public health, and will result in ongoing environmental damages and claims. The authors studied measurements of black carbon taken in Delhi, India during 2016 and 2017, and reports on seasonal factors that contribute to higher emissions.","PeriodicalId":11761,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Claims Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10406026.2019.1699723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42027291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10406026.2019.1704518
A. Gershonowitz, Brian Kennedy
Abstract This article discusses what it means to “contribute” to waste disposal as that term is used in section 7002 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. More specifically, the article examines whether the US Forest Service can violate section 7002 by not regulating hunting. Among the issues addressed are whether one can contribute to waste disposal passively, whether one can contribute to waste disposal without taking any action that addresses waste disposal and the extent to which the statutory term “contribute” is analogous to the common law concept of causation.
{"title":"Center for Biological Diversity v U. S. Forest Service: A New Type of Claim or Just Another Step in the Chain of Causation?1","authors":"A. Gershonowitz, Brian Kennedy","doi":"10.1080/10406026.2019.1704518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2019.1704518","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article discusses what it means to “contribute” to waste disposal as that term is used in section 7002 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. More specifically, the article examines whether the US Forest Service can violate section 7002 by not regulating hunting. Among the issues addressed are whether one can contribute to waste disposal passively, whether one can contribute to waste disposal without taking any action that addresses waste disposal and the extent to which the statutory term “contribute” is analogous to the common law concept of causation.","PeriodicalId":11761,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Claims Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10406026.2019.1704518","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45773582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10406026.2019.1704511
Prabhat Kumar, A. Garg, N. Gupta
Abstract Rice cropping system as an agriculture practices is considered as one of the major emission source of methane (CH4) and nitrous Oxide (N2O). In agriculture, man-made activities contribute CH4 (77%) and N2O (60%).This article reports on emission measurements from the Indo Gangetic plains (IGP) of India from four different treatment methods. Implementation of biogas spent slurry (BSS) method was most effective in reducing GHGs emissions. The findings should help in regulating and implementing management strategies regarding the reduction of GHGs from the agricultural fields and avoid environmental losses and claims.
{"title":"Mitigating CH4 and N2O Emissions from the Rice Crop System in IGP Region in India","authors":"Prabhat Kumar, A. Garg, N. Gupta","doi":"10.1080/10406026.2019.1704511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2019.1704511","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rice cropping system as an agriculture practices is considered as one of the major emission source of methane (CH4) and nitrous Oxide (N2O). In agriculture, man-made activities contribute CH4 (77%) and N2O (60%).This article reports on emission measurements from the Indo Gangetic plains (IGP) of India from four different treatment methods. Implementation of biogas spent slurry (BSS) method was most effective in reducing GHGs emissions. The findings should help in regulating and implementing management strategies regarding the reduction of GHGs from the agricultural fields and avoid environmental losses and claims.","PeriodicalId":11761,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Claims Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10406026.2019.1704511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46521897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-29DOI: 10.1080/10406026.2020.1718849
Norma A. Polizzi
Abstract While this article is an overview of existing international environmental law, its main focus is to explore whether we can develop a legal system that has the ability to adapt to climate change in all its complexities. There is no easy solution to this global issue but the scholarship cited here favors the one most difficult to implement, concluding that an adaptation approach provides the flexibility needed to deal with the ever-changing world of climate change. The question remains whether we are willing to make the sacrifices necessary to adapt.
{"title":"Can International Law Adapt to Climate Change?","authors":"Norma A. Polizzi","doi":"10.1080/10406026.2020.1718849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2020.1718849","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While this article is an overview of existing international environmental law, its main focus is to explore whether we can develop a legal system that has the ability to adapt to climate change in all its complexities. There is no easy solution to this global issue but the scholarship cited here favors the one most difficult to implement, concluding that an adaptation approach provides the flexibility needed to deal with the ever-changing world of climate change. The question remains whether we are willing to make the sacrifices necessary to adapt.","PeriodicalId":11761,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Claims Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10406026.2020.1718849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48324742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-23DOI: 10.1080/10406026.2020.1714200
M. C. Jena, Sarat Mishra, H. S. Moharana
Abstract Environmental pollution and its impact is a major challenge for this age of industrialization and urbanization. It is becoming difficult to breathe fresh air in the cities and industrial areas. Both indoor and outdoor air quality is becoming worse day by day. A study has been conducted to find out the level of particulate matter concentration inside a village near to a cement plant located in Bihar, India to know the impact of the cement plant on the ambient environment. The present study clearly indicates that during night time particulate matter concentrations of the village environment were high compared to the day times. It is also observed that there is a high concentration of particulate matter in the ambient air compared to WHO air quality guideline values in both the cases(day times and night times) due to emission from the nearby cement plant. Hence this study suggests that the cement plants and other similar industries should take proper actions to maintain the air quality standard in the ambient areas.In the last part of the article some of the pollution control techniqueshas been discussed in brief which would be helpful to the industries to improve their environmental sustainability targets.
{"title":"Air Pollution from Cement Plants: Case Study on Particulate Matter in Bihar, India","authors":"M. C. Jena, Sarat Mishra, H. S. Moharana","doi":"10.1080/10406026.2020.1714200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2020.1714200","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Environmental pollution and its impact is a major challenge for this age of industrialization and urbanization. It is becoming difficult to breathe fresh air in the cities and industrial areas. Both indoor and outdoor air quality is becoming worse day by day. A study has been conducted to find out the level of particulate matter concentration inside a village near to a cement plant located in Bihar, India to know the impact of the cement plant on the ambient environment. The present study clearly indicates that during night time particulate matter concentrations of the village environment were high compared to the day times. It is also observed that there is a high concentration of particulate matter in the ambient air compared to WHO air quality guideline values in both the cases(day times and night times) due to emission from the nearby cement plant. Hence this study suggests that the cement plants and other similar industries should take proper actions to maintain the air quality standard in the ambient areas.In the last part of the article some of the pollution control techniqueshas been discussed in brief which would be helpful to the industries to improve their environmental sustainability targets.","PeriodicalId":11761,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Claims Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10406026.2020.1714200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41435661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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