Engineering Structures最新文献

{"title":"Research on restoring force model of displacement amplification rotary friction damper considering unloading slip behavior","authors":"Xicheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Leilei Liu ,&nbsp;Yao Cui ,&nbsp;Jiayuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates a displacement amplification rotary friction damper (DARFD) based on the leverage principle, which exhibits superior energy dissipation capacity. To analyze the restoring force behavior and quantify the resulting improvement in seismic performance, a restoring force model incorporating unloading slip phenomena was proposed. Cyclic tests were conducted at multiple loading rates to examine the influence of rate on performance stability. Quasi-static test results were analyzed to investigate the damper’s strength and stiffness degradation. Based on Coulomb friction theory and the quasi-static test results, a restoring force model incorporating unloading slip was proposed. Its accuracy was validated by comparing experimental hysteretic curves and cumulative energy-dissipation data. A simplified numerical model that includes the DARFD was then used to evaluate the device’s effect on structural response. The results indicate that neither the number of cycles nor the loading rate significantly influences damper performance. The model predicts peak loads to within 10 % of the experimental values and captures slip during unloading. Finally, dynamic analysis employing a simplified DARFD-integrated structural model reveals significant seismic response mitigation, with peak displacements reduced by 29.0 % and 31.1 % under the Lanzhou and Taft earthquake records, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 122156"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underwater shaking table test on the constraint boundary effect at the top of the bridge pier on the waterpier interaction","authors":"Kun Wu ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Huang ,&nbsp;Bo Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhong-Xian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water<img>pier interactions significantly affect the design of deep-water bridges. Many studies have calculated the hydrodynamic pressure on piers under earthquakes. However, the effect of the constraint boundary at the top of the pier on the interaction between the bridge pier and water has only been mentioned in a few studies. In this study, water<img>pier interactions were investigated by an underwater shaking table test for the first time to consider the constraint boundary effect at the top of a pier. A scaled deep-water bridge pier was designed and fabricated with a rubber that was specifically designed to meet the similitude criteria. Springs with different stiffnesses were installed at the top of the pier to simulate the constraint of the bearing and girder on the pier. The hydrodynamic pressure and hydrodynamic added mass along the pier were investigated under different spring stiffnesses, water depths, and ground motions. The results indicate that the natural vibration frequency of the specimen increased by 1.4 times with increasing constraint stiffness at the top of the pier. The constraint stiffness at the top of the pier had a greater effect on the hydrodynamic pressure and hydrodynamic added mass at the middle of the pier than those at the bottom of the pier did, and they increased by a maximum percentage of 166.0 % and 50.0 %, respectively, as the spring stiffness changed from 0 to 200 kN/m. Therefore, the practical design and numerical simulation study for a deep-water bridge should consider the amplification effect of the boundary conditions at the top of the pier on the earthquake-induced hydrodynamic pressure and hydrodynamic added mass of the pier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 122170"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear size effect of rectangular reinforced ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) slender and deep beams without stirrups","authors":"Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Yong-Mou Huang ,&nbsp;Ya-Bo Ding ,&nbsp;Wei-Jian Yi ,&nbsp;Zhongguo John Ma ,&nbsp;Lei Tu ,&nbsp;Xiujiang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incorporation of a sufficient amount of steel fibers enables Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) to exhibit strain-hardening behavior after tensile cracking. Therefore, steel fibers are considered to partially replace stirrups in beams, allowing UHPC beams to be designed without stirrups. This makes the shear size effect of UHPC beams a subject of significant interest. It is crucial to determine whether steel fibers can effectively control the shear size effect of beams, similar to traditional stirrups. In this study, six rectangular UHPC beams with different sizes (heights of 200, 400 and 800 mm) and fiber volume fractions of 1.0 % and 2.5 % were designed. Asymmetrical three-point loading was employed, with each beam containing two shear spans of different lengths, resulting in shear span length-to-effective depth ratios <em>a</em>/<em>d</em> of 1.5 and 2.5. After the first shear failure of one shear span, the failed shear span was reinforced using tie rods, and the other shear span was then loaded to induce shear failure as well. Through this loading method, a total of 12 shear tests were conducted on six beams. The test results indicated a clear shear size effect in both groups of shear spans with different <em>a</em>/<em>d</em>, characterized by a decrease in shear strength as the beam depth increased. Using Digital Image Correlation techniques, the widths of critical shear cracks in beam specimens and the tensile stress-crack width relationships of dog-bone specimens under axial tension were measured. These results were used to quantitatively evaluate the shear force carried by steel fibers along the critical shear crack surfaces and analyze its correlation with the shear size effect observed in the UHPC specimens. Furthermore, existing tests on rectangular UHPC beams without stirrups were collected. In combination with the tests in this study, several shear strength models for UHPC beams in current design codes were evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 122120"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the response of reinforced concrete frames infilled with light gauge steel panels including different coverings – Numerical simulation","authors":"Sihem Chaibeddra ,&nbsp;Ilyes Benkraled ,&nbsp;Hamid Chafaï ,&nbsp;Wafa Madi","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a numerical simulation is performed to virtually test the response of multiple designs of Reinforced Concrete Frames (RCF) infilled with Light Gauge Steel (LGS) panels including Cold Formed Steel (CFS) members and coverings of different nature (steel sheet, and OSB plate). The behavioural tendencies were identified through the assessment of the load bearing capacities of the infilled frames as well as the main failure mechanisms. The deformed shape of each component at the end of the analysis was scrutinized. It was found that the steel sheet panel provides an increase in the capacity of the RCF up to 42.1 % (1.42 times) with a corresponding displacement of 37.9 mm; while the OSB panel has increased the RCF capacity up to 54.3 % (1.54 times) with a displacement value of 35.8 mm. The main failure modes included deformation of the CFS members and separation of the coverings under different shapes, however, concrete elements did not exhibit any noticeable rupture to report.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 122127"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bond performance of steel tube-concrete interface at cryogenic temperatures: Tests and formulations","authors":"Liu Jin ,&nbsp;Yuzhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Yu ,&nbsp;Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the widespread application of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) in engineering structures exposed to extreme cryogenic temperatures, the cryogenic-temperature effect and mechanism on the bond behaviours of steel tube-concrete interface (playing an important role in mechanical properties of CFST) urgently need scientific research. In this paper, a series of push-out tests on CFST specimens were conducted to explore the bond behaviours and corresponding failure mechanism under the temperatures of 20°C∼-90°C. The influences of temperature, concrete type, diameter-to-thickness ratio, cross-section shape, and steel strength on the bond behaviours were analysed. Test results show that the bond strengths for CFST with different concrete types show a linear increasing trend with the decreasing temperature, showing a cryogenic-temperature effect. This can be attributed to the combined action of the enhanced chemical cemented force, the uneven thermal deformation of steel and concrete, and the phase transition of pore water-ice. Different from room temperature, the bond-slip curves at cryogenic temperatures perform a secondary strengthening with rising stage after the post-peak descent stage, which can be attribute to the uneven thermal deformation between steel tube and concrete at cryogenic temperatures. No matter at room or low temperatures, the bond strength decreases with the increase in the diameter-to-thickness ratio and steel strength, while the bond strength of circular specimen is always greater than that of square one. Finally, considering the quantitative coupling effects of cryogenic temperature and hoop coefficient, the bond-slip relationship model of CFST (applicable to the temperature range of −90°C to 20°C) was established. This study can provide reference for the prediction of bond behaviours of steel tube-concrete interface at cryogenic temperatures and promote the scientific application and safety design of CFST structures in cold regions engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 122153"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance of central node prefabricated concrete columns strengthened with CFRP after fire exposure","authors":"Yuliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Bochen Song ,&nbsp;Jijun Miao ,&nbsp;Tingting Peng ,&nbsp;Guangzhong Ba ,&nbsp;Jianzhuang Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the seismic performance of prefabricated concrete columns with central joints after fire strengthening, a series of tests were conducted on five full-scale specimens. These included fire exposure pre-damage, high-strength grout repair, CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) stirrup reinforcement, and pseudo-static tests. The study examined crack development, plastic hinge formation, and characteristic failure modes under lateral cyclic loading. By comparing parameters such as hysteresis curves, backbone curves, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and stiffness degradation, the degradation of the mechanical performance of prefabricated concrete columns due to fire damage of varying durations was analyzed. Additionally, the effects of different layers of carbon fiber composites on specimens with varying levels of fire damage were evaluated. The experimental results indicate that high-temperature damage significantly impacted the seismic performance of the specimens, while the cyclic performance of the CFRP-strengthened prefabricated concrete columns was substantially improved. Compared to the specimens exposed to fire for 60 and 120 min, the strengthened specimens exhibited increases in peak load capacity of 31.4 % and 94.5 %, energy dissipation capacity of 54.5 % and 38.5 %, and initial stiffness of 25.1 % and 44.0 %. The strengthened specimens were able to achieve, and in some cases surpass, the strength of the unexposed specimens. This paper provides valuable experimental data on the seismic performance of prefabricated concrete columns after fire strengthening, with the aim of supporting the practical application of prefabricated buildings in engineering fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 122168"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic response and sectional forces of reinforced concrete frames subjected to impact loads","authors":"Yingtao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaochu Huang ,&nbsp;Qingjun Chen ,&nbsp;Xinpei Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic response of reinforced concrete (RC) frames to accidental impacts remains an active subject, which is of paramount importance for ensuring the safety and integrity of civil structures. In this paper, an experimental investigation is presented to analyse the dynamic response of RC frames with varying clear spans and sectional dimensions under multiple impacts. To further explore the influence of boundary conditions on structural response, two additional beams with different boundary constraints were also tested for comparison. The test results demonstrated that an increase in the drop height led to wider cracks and more concrete damage, which translated into larger peak and residual displacements, and enhanced energy absorption capacity. The beam section played a significant role in the impact force. The frame structure exhibited higher impact force, minor damage of concrete and lower displacement response of beam compared to the simply-supported beam, indicating the effective restraint provided by frame columns to frame beams enables the frame structure. Sectional forces can be accurately traced through the application of Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The distributions of bending moment and shear force were accurately measured to evaluate the dynamic mechanical performance. The bending moment and shear force interaction diagrams for critical sections were constructed and analysed to gain a deeper understanding of the failure mechanisms under impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 122160"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient floor response spectrum estimation via a condensation-based modal combination framework","authors":"Fengze Li ,&nbsp;Xudong Zhi ,&nbsp;Duozhi Wang ,&nbsp;Nawawi Chouw ,&nbsp;Rong Zhang ,&nbsp;Feng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Performance-based seismic design of non-structural components (NSCs) requires reliable estimation of floor response spectra (FRS) across multiple response metrics, spanning absolute acceleration, relative velocity, and relative displacement. While cascade-based analytical procedures remain foundational and effective for acceleration-sensitive NSC design, emerging multi-metric demands and complex structural typologies motivate complementary formulations. This study introduces a novel condensation-based analytical framework for FRS estimation in linear systems with classical damping. The method places a virtual auxiliary oscillator at the NSC location and reconstructs the coupled system dynamics via systematic condensation. Embedding the reconstructed modal properties into the standard complete quadratic combination (CQC) modal combination procedures yields closed-form, multi-metric FRS expressions that depend only on the modal properties of the primary structure and oscillators. Analytical derivations establish consistency with both exact coupled-system and cascade-based formulations, and provide error bounds under realistic assumptions. Numerical validations on a 10-storey shear building and a long-span reticular structure demonstrate high accuracy and broad applicability across metrics. This framework offers a structure-independent and implementation-friendly route to multi-metric FRS. While developed for linear and classical damping systems, it signals a clear pathway toward extensions to non-classical damping, inelastic response, and multi-supported NSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 122147"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic analysis of free-free Timoshenko beams on elastic foundation under transverse transient ground deformation","authors":"Gersena Banushi","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.122080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.122080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground infrastructure, such as pipelines and tunnels, can be vulnerable to the effect of transient ground deformation (TGD) caused by different vibration sources, including earthquakes and traffic loadings. Current design methods are based on simple analytical models that idealize the soil movement as a traveling sinusoidal wave, neglecting both the system inertia and the relative displacement at the soil-structure interface. However, as shown in this paper, this assumption may not be valid for buried large diameter pipelines and tunnels requiring accurate dynamic analysis of the buried structure subjected to TGD in the axial and transverse directions. To efficiently analyse the dynamic response of a buried straight beam subjected to transverse TGD, this study introduces a new semi-analytical model based on the Timoshenko beam on Winkler foundation theory. The closed-form analytical solution of the governing differential equation revealed that the vibration spectrum is divided in four parts, separated by three transition frequencies. Across each transition frequency, the oscillatory characteristics of the vibration modes change as a function of the system’s mechanical and geometric properties, considerably affecting the dynamic amplification response of the buried Timoshenko beam under TGD. To verify the validity of the proposed model, this work analyses the case study of a buried 107 cm (42 in.) diameter steel water pipeline of varying lengths and operating conditions, subjected to transverse TGD. Comparison of the obtained analytical solutions with the finite element analysis results showed excellent agreement between the two approaches, demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed model. Additional validation was achieved through comparison with high-resolution experimental data from free-vibration tests and multi-point shaking-table experiments, further confirming the accuracy and robustness of the proposed model. The frequency response analysis revealed dynamic amplification of the soil-structure interaction for forcing frequencies near the system’s fundamental frequency. These may fall within the range of dominant frequencies characterizing seismic waves, requiring accurate dynamic analysis. The proposed methodology provides a robust analytical framework for evaluating the primary factors impacting the dynamic behavior of buried beams, giving a deeper understanding of the system response under various sources of ground vibration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 122080"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical failure mechanism and risk assessment of valve-side bushings on converter transformers under earthquakes","authors":"Baojun Mao,&nbsp;Yunlong Chen,&nbsp;Qiang Xie,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Songtao Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multilam electrical connection structure (ECS) inside valve-side bushings of converter transformers is the core current-conducting component. To thoroughly assess the seismic risk of the valve-side bushing on a ± 800 kV converter transformer, a finite element model incorporating the ECS was established. Dynamic contact responses and distribution patterns of high-risk louvers during earthquakes were analyzed using the failure criteria of contact resistance, elucidating the electrical failure mechanism of the ECS. Subsequently, a seismic risk assessment method for valve-side bushings under structural-electrical dual failure modes was proposed using the Copula function and Monte Carlo sampling. The results show that the gravity of bushing causes ECS’s misalignment, creating an additional contact region at the end of the male connector. The cumulative failure duration during earthquakes indicates that the Multilam at the male connector’s end has the highest failure risk, although the upper semicircular area of each Multilam exhibits an elevated risk. During the earthquake, the contact resistance significantly rises relative to normal conditions, mostly owing to changes in the contact force of louvers caused by the relative motion between the male and female connectors, which is the main cause of failure. Compared to a single structural failure mode, the seismic risk of valve-side bushings is significantly higher when the electrical failure mode is involved, highlighting the necessity of addressing multiple failure mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 122163"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}