Engineering Structures最新文献

{"title":"An incremental broad ensemble learning framework for the identification of structural damage in conditions of data scarcity and non-stationarity","authors":"Xinwei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhihao Wang ,&nbsp;Shixuan Yang ,&nbsp;Shuaiqiang Wei ,&nbsp;Tianlong Wang ,&nbsp;Muhammad Moman Shahzad","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The limited availability of structural damage samples in engineering practice, together with temporal variability in data acquisition, remains a key challenge for accurate intelligent structural damage detection. To overcome these obstacles, this study introduces an incremental broad ensemble learning framework for damage identification that utilizes drift sensing and node tracking, termed IBEL-DSNT. In particular, the concepts of dynamic weight allocation and incremental mechanisms for samples, broad learning systems, and feature nodes are first clarified to tackle the recognition challenges posed by insufficient samples and difficult-to-classify instances. This methodology capitalizes on the mathematical characteristics of pseudo-inverse computation to significantly improve the efficiency of model training. Following this, an adaptive node incremental mechanism, regulated by accuracy thresholds, is established to autonomously manage the scale of nodes and variations in precision, effectively alleviating concerns of excessive computational burden and severe overfitting that arise from unchecked node expansion during broad learning. In addition, a drift-detection-based node topology optimization strategy is developed to synchronize node evolution with model accuracy during incremental learning. Validation through three structural case studies demonstrates that the proposed approach attains a recognition accuracy exceeding 97 % with merely 150 training samples. In comparison to baseline methods characterized by simpler architectures, the suggested framework achieves a minimum of a 2 % enhancement in recognition accuracy by means of regulated increases in mapping nodes. With a moderate augmentation of both mapping and enhancement nodes, the rate of node expansion remains as low as 0.003 s per node, whilst improvements in recognition accuracy can surpass 20 %. Overall, the results confirm that the proposed method provides stable and accurate real-time damage identification, with strong adaptability to concept drift and robust performance under small-sample conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 122261"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic modeling and vibration analysis of a Roll-Out Solar Array with multi-component coupling","authors":"Shuhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengzhi Ni ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Haitao Luo ,&nbsp;Zhaoyuan Yu ,&nbsp;Wenhao Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Roll-Out Solar Array (ROSA) is a novel lightweight flexible solar array that provides high packing efficiency but exhibits low-frequency vibrations due to its large span and low stiffness. A semi-analytical model is developed to accurately predict the dynamic behavior of a ground-tested ROSA specimen. The structure is equivalently simplified through the virtual material method, with energy formulations derived for each component. Beam-plate and beam-shell coupling zones are modeled using linear spring sets to enforce compatibility of the interfacial degrees of freedom (DOFs). Stress-stiffening effects from pre-tension, gravity, and suspension loads are represented by surface spring sets, while suspension and clamping boundaries are modeled elastically. The accuracy and computational efficiency are validated through comparisons with finite element simulations and full-field visual experimental modal testing under suspended conditions. For the first four modes, the maximum frequency deviation from experiments is 1.678 %, and the predicted mode shapes show good agreement with experimental observations, while the computational cost is reduced by approximately 88.3 % relative to the finite element model. Parametric studies on testing configuration, blanket thickness, geometry, and pre-tension are conducted. The results offer theoretical guidance for ROSA design optimization and vibration suppression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 122237"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axial compressive behavior of partially steel -encased recycled brick aggregate concrete composite stub columns","authors":"Minghao Ye,&nbsp;Qiyun Qiao,&nbsp;Jihua Zheng,&nbsp;Wanlin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Partially encased steel concrete (PEC) columns significantly improve the corrosion resistance, stability, and structural strength of steel columns. This study, focus on the axial local compression of partially steel-encased recycled brick aggregate concrete composite stub columns. In total, 32 PEC column specimens were prepared, considering different variables, including the presence of concrete infill, brick aggregate replacement rate, construction measures, concrete strength, steel fiber content, volumetric stirrup ratio, spacing of studs, and longitudinal reinforcement ratio. The study experimentally investigated the axial local compression of specimens focusing on the damage process, failure mode, load-displacement relationship, strength, stiffness, deformation capacity, and strain characteristic. Further, a finite element model of the PEC column was also developed and validated. The comprehensive analysis of the material and geometric parameters facilitated deeper investigation of the axial local compression behavior of the PEC column. The influence regularity and mechanism of different design variables on the axial compression performance were clarified, and a formula for axial compression strength was proposed. The findings revealed that the replacement rate of brick aggregate did not significantly impact the strength and ductility of the specimens, confirming the feasibility of using recycled materials in structural components. The structural configuration exhibited minimal impact on strength, but significantly influenced ductility. Filling concrete and enhancing concrete strength improved the overall strength of the specimens. Moreover, a higher longitudinal bar ratio, led to a 7.00 % and 14.83 % increase in strength. The volumetric stirrup ratio and stud spacing exhibited minimal impact on the strength. Conversely, enhancing the volumetric stirrup ratio and reducing the stud spacing significantly improved the ductility of the specimens. An optimal steel fiber content of around 1.0 % was identified for C40 matrix concrete. The proposed formula for axial compressive strength, which is based on the simple superposition principle, provides a more accurate prediction of the specimen strength. The results demonstrate that the effective confinement in PEC columns compensates for the mechanical limitations of RBAC, facilitating the upcycling of waste bricks into load-bearing members suitable for seismic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 122213"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale structural analysis method for transmission towers considering the combined effects of multiple imperfections","authors":"Shijin Chen ,&nbsp;Huajie Wang ,&nbsp;Dekui Feng ,&nbsp;Erxian Zeng ,&nbsp;Siyu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingru Qi ,&nbsp;Hongliang Qian ,&nbsp;Feng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To evaluate the mechanical performance of transmission towers in an economical and efficient way, this study developed a multi-scale structural analysis method for transmission towers considering the combined effects of multiple imperfections. Full-scale tower loading tests, initial bending measurements, residual deformation measurements, and material property tests were conducted on a transmission tower to characterize its structural response. Based on design drawings and measurement data, planar truss and space rigid frame models were established, and member stress ratios were calculated in accordance with relevant design standards. A series of multi-scale numerical models, including non-imperfection, single-imperfection, and multi-imperfection models, were established by incorporating shell elements, initial bending, structural residual deformation, and semi-rigid joint behavior. The accuracy of the multi-imperfection model was validated through comparative analysis. Based on this model, the failure modes and mechanical properties of the transmission tower were identified, and parametric analyses were conducted to quantify the influence of different imperfections on the structural mechanical performance. The proposed approach reduces reliance on extensive design testing and supports rapid structural assessment of in-service transmission towers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 122242"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crowdsensing-based automated operational modal analysis for indirect bridge structural health monitoring","authors":"Eleonora Massarelli ,&nbsp;Marco Civera ,&nbsp;Samuele Mara ,&nbsp;Marco Raimondi ,&nbsp;Pier Francesco Giordano ,&nbsp;Said Quqa ,&nbsp;Mauro Aimar ,&nbsp;Maria Pina Limongelli ,&nbsp;Bernardino Chiaia","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an automated identification procedure for crowdsensing-based indirect Bridge Structural Health Monitoring (iBSHM) is presented. The scope is to estimate the modal parameters of a cycle-pedestrian bridge using only acceleration data collected by smartphones installed on board. The proposed method introduces several innovations. First, natural frequencies are identified using the Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) algorithm. Second, the method enables the estimation of damping ratios, which are typically neglected in existing crowdsensing applications. Third, it uses the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) step within the SSI framework to extract singular vectors corresponding to dominant frequencies, thereby isolating the modal components of the signal and enabling the estimation of mode shapes. The proposed identification procedure is experimentally tested and validated with data from a real footbridge in Bologna (Italy). The field test was carried out with multiple passages of a commercial bicycle, using a single smartphone installed on board. The obtained results are compared with those from a previous test conducted with the same experimental setup and case study, but using a different analysis methodology. Satisfactory comparability and repeatability of the results were achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 122203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution mechanism of slab track mechanical properties under casting construction based on a bidirectional fluid-structure interaction method","authors":"Yanglong Zhong ,&nbsp;Ludong Wang ,&nbsp;Liang Gao ,&nbsp;Weibin Liu ,&nbsp;Ji Wang ,&nbsp;Yaqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunyu Wang ,&nbsp;Jiankai Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a bidirectional fluid-structure interaction model for the slab track casting construction, and derives constitutive parameters for fresh self-compacting concrete (SCC) based on experimental data. The model simulated the interaction between the SCC flow state and the mechanical response of the track structure, and its effectiveness was validated through full-scale tests. A comprehensive analysis of the nonlinear response of the slab track during casting was conducted using this method. The main results indicated that the interaction between fresh SCC and track structure intensified during the later casting stages, leading to a significant decrease in the flowability of SCC and causing asymmetric mid-span uplift of the track slab. Furthermore, hydration time significantly affected the flow behavior of SCC, while superplasticizers and viscosity-modifying agents effectively regulated the mechanical response of the track structure. Objective functions were defined based on the mechanical response of the track structure, SCC casting saturation, and operation time. Accordingly, it was recommended that the final spreading diameter be controlled within 612–679 mm and that the time to reach a spreading diameter of 500 mm be maintained at 3.5–7.3 s, as determined by the slump flow test. Furthermore, specific constraint equations for SCC flow parameters were proposed. This study revealed the uplift mechanism of the slab track slab during the casting operation and the material properties influence mechanisms, providing valuable theoretical support and guidance for slab track construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 122212"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based realtime multiload response prediction and inverse analysis of offshore bridges","authors":"Zhu-Yu Sun ,&nbsp;Yu-Tao Guo ,&nbsp;Kang Ge ,&nbsp;Chao Hou ,&nbsp;Zhen-Zhong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offshore bridges operate in complex ocean environments, making structural analysis, design, and monitoring more challenging. Existing typical time history analysis and nonlinear model updating based on finite-element methods are computationally intensive and time consuming, limiting the usage in many scenarios. To create a more efficient analytical tool, a Deep Learning-based Offshore Bridge Predictor (DeepOBP) is proposed. The model integrates structural characteristics and coupled dynamic loads in the ocean environments, enabling millisecond level and high precision nonlinear dynamic offshore bridge response predictions. A differentiable structural inverse framework (Inverse DeepOBP) couples the surrogate model with gradient-based optimization is further developed to enable rapid damage identification and model calibration for structural health monitoring. The experimental results show that DeepOBP demonstrates high accuracy under both normal operating conditions and multihazard coupled conditions, with R² = 0.93 and 0.92. Inverse DeepOBP delivers more than a 10-fold and more than a 10⁴-fold speed-up over surrogate-based model updating with the heuristic algorithm and nonlinear finite element model updating, respectively, while maintaining relative errors below 7 % for each identified parameter, enabling efficient structural analyses and real-time monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 122330"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-informed stacking ensemble machine learning for fatigue life prediction of stud connectors in steel-concrete composite structures","authors":"Benkun Tan ,&nbsp;Fanghuai Chen ,&nbsp;Da Wang ,&nbsp;Jialin Shi ,&nbsp;Chengong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within this work, a physics-informed (PI) Stacking ensemble machine learning framework is proposed for the fatigue life prediction and key parameter identification of stud connectors in steel–concrete composite structures. The proposed PI-based framework achieves high accuracy and strong generalization capability in predicting the fatigue life of stud connectors under various material properties, loading conditions, and geometric configurations, outperforming traditional physics-based formulations and conventional machine learning models. In addition, global sensitivity analysis using the Morris and Sobol methods is conducted to accurately identify the dominant variables influencing stud fatigue behavior. The shear stress range, tensile and compressive strengths, and the PI feature derived from linear elastic fracture mechanics are recognized as the most critical parameters controlling fatigue performance. Furthermore, SHapley Additive exPlanations are employed to enhance interpretability and clarify the nonlinear relationships between model inputs and predicted fatigue life. Finally, a graphical user interface is developed based on the trained PI- based model, enabling rapid, visual, and user-friendly fatigue life prediction. In practical applications, the proposed framework can be efficiently applied to fatigue life evaluation of stud connectors, providing a powerful tool for design optimization, maintenance planning, and safety assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 122182"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue performance of stud connectors in steel-ECC composite structures after salt freeze-thaw cycles: Experimental study and degradation model","authors":"Fangwen Wu,&nbsp;Zirun Li,&nbsp;Lanqing He,&nbsp;Ao Chen,&nbsp;Haipeng Lei,&nbsp;Jincheng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aimed to investigate the fatigue performance of stud connectors in steel-engineered cementitious composite (ECC) composite structures after salt freeze-thaw cycles (SFTCs). The fatigue tests of eight push-out specimens were conducted and the influence parameters include the fatigue loading amplitude, number of SFTCs and ECC strength grade. Furthermore, the damage mechanisms of specimens after the combined effects of SFTCs and fatigue loading were revealed. The test results showed that the increasing the number of SFTCs and fatigue loading amplitude significantly reduced the fatigue life of specimens, while the plastic slip accumulation and shear stiffness loss rates increased. Compared with the unsalted freeze-thaw specimens, the fatigue life of specimens with strength grade of 50 MPa (ECC50) and 80 MPa (ECC80) subjected to 200 SFTCs decreased by 58 % and 34 %, respectively. Besides, the fatigue life of ECC80 specimens was consistently higher than that of ECC50 specimens, with a minimum fatigue life difference of 6.4 %. Subsequently, the <em>S-N</em> curves with survival probability of 50 % and 95 % were established based on the fatigue test results. Finally, the degradation models were proposed based on the degradation behavior of plastic slip and shear stiffness, with predictive errors typically within 15 %. The findings of this study provide the theoretical foundations for the durability design and fatigue life evaluation of steel-ECC composite structures in cold and saline regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 122320"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated design of thermally actuated metastructure for modulatable dual vibration isolation function","authors":"Yue Hu ,&nbsp;Jianlei Zhao ,&nbsp;Hao Zhou ,&nbsp;Ivana Kovacic ,&nbsp;Runan Hua ,&nbsp;Honggang Li ,&nbsp;Rui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engstruct.2026.122271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated metastructures capable of low-frequency vibration isolation while sustaining static load-bearing capacity have demonstrated outstanding performance in practical engineering applications. However, modulating their vibration isolation function for varying load-bearing conditions remains a challenge. To address this challenge, we propose a novel approach in which the metastructure encompasses thermally actuated unit cells. A theoretical model is first developed for metastructure’s unit cell with a bi-material double-layer curved beam, which enables the tuning of the effective stiffness characteristics via thermal actuation. The static characteristics of the unit cell are analyzed theoretically and validated numerically. By harnessing bi-material thermal expansion mismatch in the double-layer beam buckling, a significantly broadened stiffness tuning range is observed. A comprehensive parameter analysis and the corresponding design of the unit cell are performed. The metastructures are then investigated in two original modulatable vibration isolation scenarios: In Scenario 1, under varying loading masses, the initial vibration isolation frequency of the metastructure is managed to keep constant; In Scenario 2, under constant loading masses, the initial vibration isolation frequency of the metastructure is decreased so as to reach the vibration isolation region. Overall, the proposed thermally actuated design strategy offers an innovative approach for the creation of compact metastructures that are adaptable to complex working environments with a dual low-frequency vibration isolation function in case of both varying and constant load-bearing conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11763,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Structures","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 122271"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}