Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/22/20240016
Prat Kongsombut, Sura Pattanakiat, W. Rawang, Pattranit Srijuntrapun, Uthaiwan Phewphan, T. Phutthai, Sirasit Vongvassana, Jirapatch Jumpasingha
The green spaces in Wat Pah play an important role in forest conservation in Thailand. This study identified and analyzed the structures and patterns of landscape ecology in Wat Pah Nanachart, Ubon Ratchathani Province, to guide a conceptual framework for green space conservation in forest monasteries. Spatial analysis and modeling using geoinformatics technology were employed to recognize and characterize these landscapes. Information on the green space conservation and management of Wat Pah was also obtained using an in-depth interview and site observation. The results revealed that most of the green space in Wat Pah is forest, characterized by an ecological matrix and a dry evergreen forest. The forest structure can be divided into three canopies, dominated by the Dipterocarpaceae family, which has regenerated into upper and lower canopies. It is an edge matrix and ecological corridor connected to the internal and external green spaces of Wat Pah. It plays an important role in supporting cultural, religious, and aesthetic activities for ordained monks and Buddhists. The spatial landscape model can be divided into three main zones: Thoranisangha, Buddhawas, Sanghawas. Thoranisangha is an open space covered with traditional and artificially planted tree species. It is located in front of the temple and designed for public utilities in the context of managing and conserving the remaining trees. Buddhawas is a semi-open space mostly covered with traditional tree species. It represents Buddhism’s identity and uniqueness and is used for religious ceremonies and dissemination—listening to sermons, meditating, and praying. Meanwhile, Sanghawas is covered with natural forest and contains residences for monks that are designed to be in harmony with the forest ecosystem.
Wat Pah 的绿地在泰国的森林保护中发挥着重要作用。本研究确定并分析了乌汶叻差他尼府 Wat Pah Nanachart 的景观生态结构和模式，以指导森林寺院绿地保护的概念框架。采用地理信息技术进行空间分析和建模，以识别和描述这些景观。此外，还通过深入访谈和现场观察获得了有关 Wat Pah 绿地保护和管理的信息。结果显示，瓦帕的大部分绿地都是森林，其特点是生态基质和干燥常绿林。森林结构可分为三个树冠，以双子叶科植物为主，树冠分为上树冠和下树冠。它是连接 Wat Pah 内部和外部绿地的边缘基质和生态走廊。它在支持受戒僧侣和佛教徒的文化、宗教和审美活动方面发挥着重要作用。空间景观模型可分为三个主要区域：Thoranisangha、Buddhawas 和 Sanghawas。Thoranisangha 是一个开放空间，覆盖着传统和人工种植的树种。它位于寺庙前方，在管理和保护剩余树木的前提下为公共设施而设计。佛塔是一个半开放式空间，主要种植传统树种。它代表了佛教的特性和独特性，用于宗教仪式和传播--听道、冥想和祈祷。同时，Sanghawas 被天然森林覆盖，内有僧侣住所，其设计与森林生态系统相和谐。
{"title":"Landscape Ecological Structures and Patterns for Green Space Conservation in Forest Monasteries in Northeast Thailand","authors":"Prat Kongsombut, Sura Pattanakiat, W. Rawang, Pattranit Srijuntrapun, Uthaiwan Phewphan, T. Phutthai, Sirasit Vongvassana, Jirapatch Jumpasingha","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/22/20240016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/22/20240016","url":null,"abstract":"The green spaces in Wat Pah play an important role in forest conservation in Thailand. This study identified and analyzed the structures and patterns of landscape ecology in Wat Pah Nanachart, Ubon Ratchathani Province, to guide a conceptual framework for green space conservation in forest monasteries. Spatial analysis and modeling using geoinformatics technology were employed to recognize and characterize these landscapes. Information on the green space conservation and management of Wat Pah was also obtained using an in-depth interview and site observation. The results revealed that most of the green space in Wat Pah is forest, characterized by an ecological matrix and a dry evergreen forest. The forest structure can be divided into three canopies, dominated by the Dipterocarpaceae family, which has regenerated into upper and lower canopies. It is an edge matrix and ecological corridor connected to the internal and external green spaces of Wat Pah. It plays an important role in supporting cultural, religious, and aesthetic activities for ordained monks and Buddhists. The spatial landscape model can be divided into three main zones: Thoranisangha, Buddhawas, Sanghawas. Thoranisangha is an open space covered with traditional and artificially planted tree species. It is located in front of the temple and designed for public utilities in the context of managing and conserving the remaining trees. Buddhawas is a semi-open space mostly covered with traditional tree species. It represents Buddhism’s identity and uniqueness and is used for religious ceremonies and dissemination—listening to sermons, meditating, and praying. Meanwhile, Sanghawas is covered with natural forest and contains residences for monks that are designed to be in harmony with the forest ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/22/20230339
Chalee Seekramon, C. Jarusutthirak, Pawee Klongvessa
This research investigated the roles of correlations among physical factors in the probabilistic simulation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from a marine vessel (known as floating storage and offloading, FSO), located in the Gulf of Thailand. The physical factors in this study were wave height, ambient temperature, storage temperature, storage quantity, Reid vapor pressure, and the daily incoming rate. These physical factors were transformed into normally distributed data and a second-order multiple linear regression (MLR) with interaction effects, that were then used to determine the relationship between the transformed physical factors and the VOC venting volume from the FSO. The dataset of relevant predictors (transformed physical factors and interactions) that provided the maximum adjusted coefficient of determination was chosen for inclusion in the MLR. After that, two datasets of 1,000 venting volumes (one with and one without correlations among physical factors) were simulated. In the simulation, 1,000 datasets of six physical factors were generated according to observed averages and standard deviations. Cholesky randomization was used to generate the correlated physical factors for the simulation with correlation among physical factors. The averages of VOC venting volumes calculated from the generated physical factors when correlations among physical factors were and were not applied were 211,610 and 210,906 ft3, respectively (observed average was 210,984 ft3), with standard deviations of 38,828 and 40,787 ft3, respectively (observed standard deviation was 67,961 ft3), and skewness values of 0.74 and 0.51, respectively (observed skewness was 0.71). Therefore, correlation among the physical factors improved the skewness and provided better simulation results for VOC emission.
{"title":"Role of Correlation among Physical Factors in Probabilistic Simulation of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Floating Storage and Offloading Vent Stack","authors":"Chalee Seekramon, C. Jarusutthirak, Pawee Klongvessa","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/22/20230339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/22/20230339","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the roles of correlations among physical factors in the probabilistic simulation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from a marine vessel (known as floating storage and offloading, FSO), located in the Gulf of Thailand. The physical factors in this study were wave height, ambient temperature, storage temperature, storage quantity, Reid vapor pressure, and the daily incoming rate. These physical factors were transformed into normally distributed data and a second-order multiple linear regression (MLR) with interaction effects, that were then used to determine the relationship between the transformed physical factors and the VOC venting volume from the FSO. The dataset of relevant predictors (transformed physical factors and interactions) that provided the maximum adjusted coefficient of determination was chosen for inclusion in the MLR. After that, two datasets of 1,000 venting volumes (one with and one without correlations among physical factors) were simulated. In the simulation, 1,000 datasets of six physical factors were generated according to observed averages and standard deviations. Cholesky randomization was used to generate the correlated physical factors for the simulation with correlation among physical factors. The averages of VOC venting volumes calculated from the generated physical factors when correlations among physical factors were and were not applied were 211,610 and 210,906 ft3, respectively (observed average was 210,984 ft3), with standard deviations of 38,828 and 40,787 ft3, respectively (observed standard deviation was 67,961 ft3), and skewness values of 0.74 and 0.51, respectively (observed skewness was 0.71). Therefore, correlation among the physical factors improved the skewness and provided better simulation results for VOC emission.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141703850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/22/20240102
Papitchaya Chookaew, Apiradee Sukmilin, C. Jarusutthirak
This research studied the performance of ozonation process combined with calcium peroxide (CaO2) as a catalyst for the removal of diclofenac (DCF) from synthetic wastewater. The experiments were conducted using venturi-type ozonation with an ozone production rate of 96.30 mg/h. Response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) was used to investigate the DCF removal efficiency by optimizing the catalytic ozonation process and analyzing the influence of key parameters: solution pH (5.0-9.0), initial DCF concentration (10-25 mg/L), CaO2 dosage (1-3 g/L), and reaction time (30-90 min), on the DCF removal efficiencies. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the experimental model derived from the RSM-BBD was best suited to a quadratic regression model, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.84. The model demonstrated that the optimal conditions for achieving the highest DCF removal efficiency of up to 100% were an initial DCF concentration of 10 mg/L, solution pH of 7, CaO2 dosage of 2 g/L, and reaction time of 90 min. Using these conditions, the actual DCF removal efficiency from a confirmation test was 97.6%. The accuracy of the model was verified; the root mean square error (RMSE) was 5.90 and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was 6.10%, indicating that the regression model could be used to predict the DCF removal efficiency under various conditions. The results showed that catalytic ozonation using CaO2 as a catalyst could effectively remove DCF in synthetic wastewater.
{"title":"Optimization of Diclofenac Treatment in Synthetic Wastewater using Catalytic Ozonation with Calcium Peroxide as Catalyst","authors":"Papitchaya Chookaew, Apiradee Sukmilin, C. Jarusutthirak","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/22/20240102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/22/20240102","url":null,"abstract":"This research studied the performance of ozonation process combined with calcium peroxide (CaO2) as a catalyst for the removal of diclofenac (DCF) from synthetic wastewater. The experiments were conducted using venturi-type ozonation with an ozone production rate of 96.30 mg/h. Response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) was used to investigate the DCF removal efficiency by optimizing the catalytic ozonation process and analyzing the influence of key parameters: solution pH (5.0-9.0), initial DCF concentration (10-25 mg/L), CaO2 dosage (1-3 g/L), and reaction time (30-90 min), on the DCF removal efficiencies. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the experimental model derived from the RSM-BBD was best suited to a quadratic regression model, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.84. The model demonstrated that the optimal conditions for achieving the highest DCF removal efficiency of up to 100% were an initial DCF concentration of 10 mg/L, solution pH of 7, CaO2 dosage of 2 g/L, and reaction time of 90 min. Using these conditions, the actual DCF removal efficiency from a confirmation test was 97.6%. The accuracy of the model was verified; the root mean square error (RMSE) was 5.90 and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was 6.10%, indicating that the regression model could be used to predict the DCF removal efficiency under various conditions. The results showed that catalytic ozonation using CaO2 as a catalyst could effectively remove DCF in synthetic wastewater.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exposure to outdoor air pollutants, particularly respirable particulate matter (RPM), can cause adverse health outcomes. The cross-sectional study aimed to assess motorcycle taxi driver’s health risk from exposure to RPM. A total of 153 motorcycle taxi drivers were recruited in Bangkok and five adjacent provinces during May and June 2022. The standardized questionnaire for data collection contained exposure time (hour/day), frequency of exposure (days/years), duration of exposure (year), body weight (kg), and averaging time (days). The average RPM concentration from six provinces were assessed personal air sampling pumps and ranged from 0.006-0.031 mg/m3. Bangkok showed the highest average RPM concentration (0.031 mg/m3), followed by Pathumthani (0.028 mg/m3), Samut Prakan (0.009 mg/m3), Nakhon Pathom (0.008 mg/m3), Nonthaburi (0.007 mg/m3), and Samut Sakhon (0.006 mg/m3), respectively. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for a non-carcinogenic risk to human health caused by RPM exposure in each province indicated a negligible risk (HQ=0.005-0.028). HQ averages (HQ=0.013) from all provinces were also at an acceptable level (≤1). Not all motorcycle taxi drivers are safe from RPM exposure, although their exposure is within acceptable limits depending on their individual susceptibility. Therefore, this is the first report on quantifying exposure to RPM from personal air sampling and health risk assessment among motorcycle taxi drivers. These findings would be useful information for further preventing and controlling ambient air pollution including policies and strategies to mitigate the risks for motorcycle-taxi drivers and the other exposed populations.
{"title":"Assessment of Health Risk from Exposure to Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) among Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Bangkok and Adjacent Provinces, Thailand","authors":"Kamonwan Samana, Kimihito Ito, Orasa Suthienkul, Arroon Ketsakorn","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/22/20230335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/22/20230335","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to outdoor air pollutants, particularly respirable particulate matter (RPM), can cause adverse health outcomes. The cross-sectional study aimed to assess motorcycle taxi driver’s health risk from exposure to RPM. A total of 153 motorcycle taxi drivers were recruited in Bangkok and five adjacent provinces during May and June 2022. The standardized questionnaire for data collection contained exposure time (hour/day), frequency of exposure (days/years), duration of exposure (year), body weight (kg), and averaging time (days). The average RPM concentration from six provinces were assessed personal air sampling pumps and ranged from 0.006-0.031 mg/m3. Bangkok showed the highest average RPM concentration (0.031 mg/m3), followed by Pathumthani (0.028 mg/m3), Samut Prakan (0.009 mg/m3), Nakhon Pathom (0.008 mg/m3), Nonthaburi (0.007 mg/m3), and Samut Sakhon (0.006 mg/m3), respectively. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for a non-carcinogenic risk to human health caused by RPM exposure in each province indicated a negligible risk (HQ=0.005-0.028). HQ averages (HQ=0.013) from all provinces were also at an acceptable level (≤1). Not all motorcycle taxi drivers are safe from RPM exposure, although their exposure is within acceptable limits depending on their individual susceptibility. Therefore, this is the first report on quantifying exposure to RPM from personal air sampling and health risk assessment among motorcycle taxi drivers. These findings would be useful information for further preventing and controlling ambient air pollution including policies and strategies to mitigate the risks for motorcycle-taxi drivers and the other exposed populations.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/22/20240018
Vivek Dhiman, Amit Kumar
Mixed subtropical forests possess a high amount of carbon pool owing to their rich species diversity and carbon sequestration potential. The Dhaulasidh forest is located in Himachal Pradesh within the subtropical Himalayan region. This research aimed to identify: (1) Optimal satellite-derived Sentinel-2A indices for predicting biomass, (2) the best-fitting model for biomass estimation, and (3) changes in above-ground carbon stock due to biomass loss, using satellite remote sensing and quadrat-based approaches. Results indicated that Band 3 (Green), Band 5 (Red edge), the vegetation (VEG) index, and the Carotenoid reflectance index (CRI) were suitable for estimating above-ground biomass (AGB). Shannon and Simpson’s diversity indices were calculated as 0.89 and 0.73, respectively. Significant contributors to AGB included Mallotus philippensis, Emblica officinalis, Cassia fistula, Acacia catechu, Ehretia laevis, Kydia calycina, and Lannea coromandelica. The AGB prediction model based on vegetation indices demonstrated a strong correlation between observed and predicted biomass (R²=0.65, p<0.001), with a mean absolute percentage error of 20% and root mean square error of 7.33 tonnes per pixel. The study predicted a total loss of 22,917.15 tonnes of CO2 in mixed subtropical forests, representing a 12.04% reduction in carbon stock within the study area. These findings offer critical baseline data for environmental management and carbon balance in the forest ecosystem, recommending that forest management practices after deforestation should be reviewed for remedial measures for any developmental activities.
{"title":"Biomass and Carbon Stock Estimation through Remote Sensing and Field Methods of Subtropical Himalayan Forest under Threat Due to Developmental Activities","authors":"Vivek Dhiman, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/22/20240018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/22/20240018","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed subtropical forests possess a high amount of carbon pool owing to their rich species diversity and carbon sequestration potential. The Dhaulasidh forest is located in Himachal Pradesh within the subtropical Himalayan region. This research aimed to identify: (1) Optimal satellite-derived Sentinel-2A indices for predicting biomass, (2) the best-fitting model for biomass estimation, and (3) changes in above-ground carbon stock due to biomass loss, using satellite remote sensing and quadrat-based approaches. Results indicated that Band 3 (Green), Band 5 (Red edge), the vegetation (VEG) index, and the Carotenoid reflectance index (CRI) were suitable for estimating above-ground biomass (AGB). Shannon and Simpson’s diversity indices were calculated as 0.89 and 0.73, respectively. Significant contributors to AGB included Mallotus philippensis, Emblica officinalis, Cassia fistula, Acacia catechu, Ehretia laevis, Kydia calycina, and Lannea coromandelica. The AGB prediction model based on vegetation indices demonstrated a strong correlation between observed and predicted biomass (R²=0.65, p<0.001), with a mean absolute percentage error of 20% and root mean square error of 7.33 tonnes per pixel. The study predicted a total loss of 22,917.15 tonnes of CO2 in mixed subtropical forests, representing a 12.04% reduction in carbon stock within the study area. These findings offer critical baseline data for environmental management and carbon balance in the forest ecosystem, recommending that forest management practices after deforestation should be reviewed for remedial measures for any developmental activities.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/22/20240074
Monthita Joyroy, P. Sriphirom, Direkrit Buawech, B. Phrommarat
Pork is a staple food in many cultures worldwide and plays a significant role in global food systems. However, the production of pork is associated with various environmental issues throughout its life cycle. This study employed a life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impact of slaughtered pork production in Thailand. The system boundaries encompassed pig breeding, pig farming, and slaughtering. The primary focus was on identifying significant contributors to environmental burdens throughout the pork production chain. Three scenarios for pig feed compositions were assessed. The results indicated that pork production generated a total impact of 5.07 kgCO2-eq on global warming, 1.16E-03 kgP-eq on freshwater eutrophication, 4.69 m2a-eq on land use, and 4.97 m3 on water consumption. Pig feed production, particularly maize cultivation, emerged as a hotspot within the life cycle, contributing the highest impact across all categories. According to scenario analysis, the substitution of rice by-products and sorghum in pig feed tended to reduce the magnitude of the impact. Opportunities were suggested to improve the environmental performance of pork production, especially through feed strategies such as substituting high-impact ingredients with more sustainable alternatives and utilizing waste from pig farming and slaughtering.
{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of Slaughtered Pork Production: A Case Study in Thailand","authors":"Monthita Joyroy, P. Sriphirom, Direkrit Buawech, B. Phrommarat","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/22/20240074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/22/20240074","url":null,"abstract":"Pork is a staple food in many cultures worldwide and plays a significant role in global food systems. However, the production of pork is associated with various environmental issues throughout its life cycle. This study employed a life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impact of slaughtered pork production in Thailand. The system boundaries encompassed pig breeding, pig farming, and slaughtering. The primary focus was on identifying significant contributors to environmental burdens throughout the pork production chain. Three scenarios for pig feed compositions were assessed. The results indicated that pork production generated a total impact of 5.07 kgCO2-eq on global warming, 1.16E-03 kgP-eq on freshwater eutrophication, 4.69 m2a-eq on land use, and 4.97 m3 on water consumption. Pig feed production, particularly maize cultivation, emerged as a hotspot within the life cycle, contributing the highest impact across all categories. According to scenario analysis, the substitution of rice by-products and sorghum in pig feed tended to reduce the magnitude of the impact. Opportunities were suggested to improve the environmental performance of pork production, especially through feed strategies such as substituting high-impact ingredients with more sustainable alternatives and utilizing waste from pig farming and slaughtering.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dotilla myctiroides, the soldier crab, digs burrows in sand flats and extracts nutrients from sediment. The present study investigated the burrow morphology of this soldier crab, at Laem Juhoi Beach, Libong Island, Koh Libong Subdistrict, Kantang District, Trang Province, Thailand. Randomly selected burrows were examined by injecting molten paraffin into them. The crab found inside a burrow was collected and measured for its carapace length. The shapes of the complete burrow casts were identified, and various morphological characteristics of the burrow casts were recorded. A total of 84 burrows were identified, all of them were the I-shaped or single-tube burrows. The burrows were categorized into two groups based on the burrow opening diameter: the <12 mm group and the ≥12 mm group. The burrow opening diameter ranged from 7.50 to 20.10 mm while the end diameter at the burrow bottom ranged from 8.40 to 21.00 mm, and the total length of the burrows ranged from 27 to 206 mm. The carapace length showed a significant correlation (p<0.05) with the burrow opening diameter in both groups. Additionally, the burrow opening with a diameter <12 mm group had significantly greater hole distances than the burrow opening with a diameter ≥12 mm group (p<0.05). The observed variations in hole distances suggest potential differences in ecological and behavioral factors that influence the burrow morphology of D. myctiroides in distinct size categories.
{"title":"Burrow Morphological Characteristics of Soldier Crab (Dotilla myctiroides) on the Libong Island, Koh Libong Subdistrict, Kantang District, Trang Province, Thailand","authors":"Pimonrat Thongroy, Supaporn Saengkeaw, Panjan Sujjaritthurakarn, Waewruedee Waewthongrak, Sukallaya Hemmanee, Somsak Buatip","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/22/20230316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/22/20230316","url":null,"abstract":"Dotilla myctiroides, the soldier crab, digs burrows in sand flats and extracts nutrients from sediment. The present study investigated the burrow morphology of this soldier crab, at Laem Juhoi Beach, Libong Island, Koh Libong Subdistrict, Kantang District, Trang Province, Thailand. Randomly selected burrows were examined by injecting molten paraffin into them. The crab found inside a burrow was collected and measured for its carapace length. The shapes of the complete burrow casts were identified, and various morphological characteristics of the burrow casts were recorded. A total of 84 burrows were identified, all of them were the I-shaped or single-tube burrows. The burrows were categorized into two groups based on the burrow opening diameter: the <12 mm group and the ≥12 mm group. The burrow opening diameter ranged from 7.50 to 20.10 mm while the end diameter at the burrow bottom ranged from 8.40 to 21.00 mm, and the total length of the burrows ranged from 27 to 206 mm. The carapace length showed a significant correlation (p<0.05) with the burrow opening diameter in both groups. Additionally, the burrow opening with a diameter <12 mm group had significantly greater hole distances than the burrow opening with a diameter ≥12 mm group (p<0.05). The observed variations in hole distances suggest potential differences in ecological and behavioral factors that influence the burrow morphology of D. myctiroides in distinct size categories.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/22/20230270
P. Wijerathna, K. P. P. Udayagee, F. Idroos, P. Manage
Urbanization and rapid industrialization have led to the escalation of municipal solid waste generation and accumulation. Composting is widely recognized as a sustainable solution for solid waste management. However, its long-term investment is considered a disadvantage. The present research study discusses the rapid biotransformation of solid waste into valorized compost. Bacteria were isolated from soil, solid waste, and leachate samples from open dump sites. From the 18 different bacterial consortia created using potential isolates, the five most promising consortia were selected based on concurrent different enzyme production. These selected consortia were incorporated into typical compost bins with Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Daily monitoring of enzymatic activity, pH, conductivity, bulk density, moisture, and temperature, along with other composting parameters, was conducted. The study’s results demonstrated that consortium No. 5, comprising Bacillus haynesii, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus safensis, exhibited significant (p<0.05) enzyme activity of cellulase, amylase, lipase and proteinase enzymes during composting compared to the control and other treatment setups. Consortium No. 5 also facilitated rapid and successful composting, as evidenced by significant alterations of composting parameters by exhibiting a shorter average composting time, reducing it from 110±10 days to 20±3 days, showcasing the potential applicability of formulated bacterial consortium as a sustainable and greener approach to the global solid waste problem. The novelty of this study lies in the isolation of local bacterial strains from open dump sites soil, MSW, and MSW leachate samples, which were then utilized in the composting organic fraction of MSW, enhancing the potential for effective waste management.
{"title":"Formulation of Novel Microbial Consortia for Rapid Composting of Biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste: An Approach in the Circular Economy","authors":"P. Wijerathna, K. P. P. Udayagee, F. Idroos, P. Manage","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/22/20230270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/22/20230270","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization and rapid industrialization have led to the escalation of municipal solid waste generation and accumulation. Composting is widely recognized as a sustainable solution for solid waste management. However, its long-term investment is considered a disadvantage. The present research study discusses the rapid biotransformation of solid waste into valorized compost. Bacteria were isolated from soil, solid waste, and leachate samples from open dump sites. From the 18 different bacterial consortia created using potential isolates, the five most promising consortia were selected based on concurrent different enzyme production. These selected consortia were incorporated into typical compost bins with Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Daily monitoring of enzymatic activity, pH, conductivity, bulk density, moisture, and temperature, along with other composting parameters, was conducted. The study’s results demonstrated that consortium No. 5, comprising Bacillus haynesii, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus safensis, exhibited significant (p<0.05) enzyme activity of cellulase, amylase, lipase and proteinase enzymes during composting compared to the control and other treatment setups. Consortium No. 5 also facilitated rapid and successful composting, as evidenced by significant alterations of composting parameters by exhibiting a shorter average composting time, reducing it from 110±10 days to 20±3 days, showcasing the potential applicability of formulated bacterial consortium as a sustainable and greener approach to the global solid waste problem. The novelty of this study lies in the isolation of local bacterial strains from open dump sites soil, MSW, and MSW leachate samples, which were then utilized in the composting organic fraction of MSW, enhancing the potential for effective waste management.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/22/20240035
Mc Jervis Soltura Villaruel
Lakes are recognized as highly susceptible to the impacts of various anthropogenic activities, making them one of the most vulnerable aquatic ecosystems. These ecosystems frequently experience degradation due to the lack of policies recognizing the importance of their often overlooked regulating ecosystem services. A contingent valuation approach was employed to assess the stakeholders’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the restoration of the water quality of a eutrophic lake using the case of Tadlac Lake, situated within the municipality of Los Baños, Laguna Province, Philippines. The findings of the study revealed that households in the area expressed a WTP of Php 95.88/household/month or Php 1,150.56/household/year (1 USD=55.89 Php), with 72.30% of respondents indicating their readiness to support efforts to improve the water quality of Tadlac Lake. The likelihood of a positive response significantly varied depending on factors such as the offered price, gender, educational attainment, duration of residency, household size, income, and the method of questionnaire administration (cheap talk vs. non-cheap talk). These results underscore the community’s favorable disposition towards investing in improving Tadlac Lake’s water quality. This valuation study contributes a fresh perspective on lake management strategies. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of environmental education regarding social-ecological dynamics as a crucial requirement for crafting comprehensive policies that will steer sustainable management of natural lake resources.
{"title":"Willingness to Pay Estimation for the Restoration of Water Quality of a Eutrophic Lake","authors":"Mc Jervis Soltura Villaruel","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/22/20240035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/22/20240035","url":null,"abstract":"Lakes are recognized as highly susceptible to the impacts of various anthropogenic activities, making them one of the most vulnerable aquatic ecosystems. These ecosystems frequently experience degradation due to the lack of policies recognizing the importance of their often overlooked regulating ecosystem services. A contingent valuation approach was employed to assess the stakeholders’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the restoration of the water quality of a eutrophic lake using the case of Tadlac Lake, situated within the municipality of Los Baños, Laguna Province, Philippines. The findings of the study revealed that households in the area expressed a WTP of Php 95.88/household/month or Php 1,150.56/household/year (1 USD=55.89 Php), with 72.30% of respondents indicating their readiness to support efforts to improve the water quality of Tadlac Lake. The likelihood of a positive response significantly varied depending on factors such as the offered price, gender, educational attainment, duration of residency, household size, income, and the method of questionnaire administration (cheap talk vs. non-cheap talk). These results underscore the community’s favorable disposition towards investing in improving Tadlac Lake’s water quality. This valuation study contributes a fresh perspective on lake management strategies. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of environmental education regarding social-ecological dynamics as a crucial requirement for crafting comprehensive policies that will steer sustainable management of natural lake resources.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141024994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/22/20230235
Jeri E. Latorre, J. Galindon, Nestor A. Bartolome Jr., Melizar V. Duya, Lillian Jennifer V. Rodriguez
Tropical forests continue to face deforestation in countries such as the Philippines. To look at the long-term behavior of forests in response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, continual monitoring of forest dynamics is needed. To do this, we established a 2-ha permanent tropical forest plot in a low-disturbance area in Maluyon, Philippines. We addressed three main questions: 1) How does the plot change through time? 2) How do different species in the plot change through time? 3) Would the responses differ by tree size? We measured, mapped, and identified all trees >1 cm in diameter in 2011. In 2015, we re-measured surviving trees and measured, mapped, and identified recruits. A total of 177 tree species were found in the plot. The forest exhibited a mean growth rate of 0.054 cm/year, mortality rate of 0.011%/year, and recruitment rate of 0.019%/year. Overall growth and mortality rates were lower in Maluyon than in other plots, possibly due to the forest’s high tree density and low disturbance. Species-specific rates revealed the presence of both the growth-survival and the stature-recruitment trade-offs. Size class analysis showed higher growth rates in large-sized than in small-sized trees. In contrast, small-sized trees exhibited a higher mortality rate compared to large-sized trees, likely due to density dependence. Key findings of the study may be utilized to increase the success rate of restoration efforts in this watershed. Using a mix of fast-growing, generalist species with high survival rates (e.g., Allophyllus cobbe and Anisoptera thurifera) is highly recommended.
{"title":"Demography, Structure, and Composition of a Low-Disturbance Forest in Luzon, Philippines","authors":"Jeri E. Latorre, J. Galindon, Nestor A. Bartolome Jr., Melizar V. Duya, Lillian Jennifer V. Rodriguez","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/22/20230235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/22/20230235","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical forests continue to face deforestation in countries such as the Philippines. To look at the long-term behavior of forests in response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, continual monitoring of forest dynamics is needed. To do this, we established a 2-ha permanent tropical forest plot in a low-disturbance area in Maluyon, Philippines. We addressed three main questions: 1) How does the plot change through time? 2) How do different species in the plot change through time? 3) Would the responses differ by tree size? We measured, mapped, and identified all trees >1 cm in diameter in 2011. In 2015, we re-measured surviving trees and measured, mapped, and identified recruits. A total of 177 tree species were found in the plot. The forest exhibited a mean growth rate of 0.054 cm/year, mortality rate of 0.011%/year, and recruitment rate of 0.019%/year. Overall growth and mortality rates were lower in Maluyon than in other plots, possibly due to the forest’s high tree density and low disturbance. Species-specific rates revealed the presence of both the growth-survival and the stature-recruitment trade-offs. Size class analysis showed higher growth rates in large-sized than in small-sized trees. In contrast, small-sized trees exhibited a higher mortality rate compared to large-sized trees, likely due to density dependence. Key findings of the study may be utilized to increase the success rate of restoration efforts in this watershed. Using a mix of fast-growing, generalist species with high survival rates (e.g., Allophyllus cobbe and Anisoptera thurifera) is highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141139173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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