Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/20/202200046
Sasi Suksavate, Yutthapong Dumsrisuk, Paitoon Indarabut, Alexander Godfrey, Sutasinee Saosoong, A. Harihar, Imran Samad, R. Sukmasuang, P. Duengkae
Tigers (Panthera tigris) have disappeared from over 90% of their historical range, and extant populations face habitat loss, direct poaching, and prey depletion in otherwise suitable habitats. In Thailand, tiger numbers continue to decline due to prey depletion, yet a few strongholds remain. Recently, tigers have been detected in the Southern Western Forest Complex (sWEFCOM), following intensification of conservation efforts. However, there is still a lack of primary data on the status of tigers and their prey in the sWEFCOM. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted camera trapping surveys between 2019 and 2020 in Khuean Srinagarindra National Park (KSR) and Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary (SLP). Located near a tiger source population in Thungyai Naresuan and Huai Kha Khaeng, these areas are potential areas for tiger recovery. In particular, our study assessed the status of prey, a prerequisite to the persistence and recovery of tigers. Based on relative abundance indices, time overlap and occupancy models, we analysed the effect of anthropogenic and ecological factors on the spatial and temporal habitat use of the main prey species. We highlight that anthropogenic factor impacted species-specific habitat relationships. Mainly, shifts in ungulate temporal and spatial habitat use was linked to human activities. These relationships, however, differed between the two protected areas. As tiger recovery depends on prey recovery, we suggest that increased conservation law enforcement and greater engagement with villages within and adjacent to protected areas are essential to minimising unsustainable resource use practices that currently affect prey.
{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Habitat Use by the Main Prey Species of Tigers in Two Protected Areas of Thailand’s Southern Western Forest Complex","authors":"Sasi Suksavate, Yutthapong Dumsrisuk, Paitoon Indarabut, Alexander Godfrey, Sutasinee Saosoong, A. Harihar, Imran Samad, R. Sukmasuang, P. Duengkae","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/20/202200046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202200046","url":null,"abstract":"Tigers (Panthera tigris) have disappeared from over 90% of their historical range, and extant populations face habitat loss, direct poaching, and prey depletion in otherwise suitable habitats. In Thailand, tiger numbers continue to decline due to prey depletion, yet a few strongholds remain. Recently, tigers have been detected in the Southern Western Forest Complex (sWEFCOM), following intensification of conservation efforts. However, there is still a lack of primary data on the status of tigers and their prey in the sWEFCOM. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted camera trapping surveys between 2019 and 2020 in Khuean Srinagarindra National Park (KSR) and Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary (SLP). Located near a tiger source population in Thungyai Naresuan and Huai Kha Khaeng, these areas are potential areas for tiger recovery. In particular, our study assessed the status of prey, a prerequisite to the persistence and recovery of tigers. Based on relative abundance indices, time overlap and occupancy models, we analysed the effect of anthropogenic and ecological factors on the spatial and temporal habitat use of the main prey species. We highlight that anthropogenic factor impacted species-specific habitat relationships. Mainly, shifts in ungulate temporal and spatial habitat use was linked to human activities. These relationships, however, differed between the two protected areas. As tiger recovery depends on prey recovery, we suggest that increased conservation law enforcement and greater engagement with villages within and adjacent to protected areas are essential to minimising unsustainable resource use practices that currently affect prey.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45123896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-21DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/20/202200053
Maricel G. Dayaday, Fredelino A. Galleto, Jr
E-waste management is undoubtedly one of the important environmental concerns at present because the dependence on electronic devices has increased. There have been policies, legal provisions, and advocacy undertakings educating and introducing ways to manage and properly dispose of e-waste in the region yet there is no clear understanding of these practices, particularly in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The present study evaluates the e-waste management implementation of HEIs in South Central Mindanao, Philippines using survey questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 13 HEI representatives. The surveys showed that 39% of the HEIs have an annual budget of less than PhP100,000.00 (USD 1,950). Moreover, 23% of HEIs annually purchase 10-60 units of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment. E-waste management among HEIs shows that 53.8% of ICT and electronic devices end up in landfills and 23.1% in informal sectors like junk shops. It can be noted that the yearly generation of e-waste among HEIs highly impacts the rise in the usage of IT equipment and electronic devices. Lack of awareness, e-waste disposal facilities, priorities, audit resolution and procedure and no definite legislation or laws among HEIs are the main challenges for e-waste management in the region. This study prompts mainstream e-waste management in HEIs and enlightens the public about appropriate strategies to address this issue. Furthermore, the findings of this study can be useful in formulating national and regional e-waste management plans and programs.
{"title":"Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Management of Higher Education Institutions in South Central Mindanao, Philippines","authors":"Maricel G. Dayaday, Fredelino A. Galleto, Jr","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/20/202200053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202200053","url":null,"abstract":"E-waste management is undoubtedly one of the important environmental concerns at present because the dependence on electronic devices has increased. There have been policies, legal provisions, and advocacy undertakings educating and introducing ways to manage and properly dispose of e-waste in the region yet there is no clear understanding of these practices, particularly in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The present study evaluates the e-waste management implementation of HEIs in South Central Mindanao, Philippines using survey questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 13 HEI representatives. The surveys showed that 39% of the HEIs have an annual budget of less than PhP100,000.00 (USD 1,950). Moreover, 23% of HEIs annually purchase 10-60 units of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment. E-waste management among HEIs shows that 53.8% of ICT and electronic devices end up in landfills and 23.1% in informal sectors like junk shops. It can be noted that the yearly generation of e-waste among HEIs highly impacts the rise in the usage of IT equipment and electronic devices. Lack of awareness, e-waste disposal facilities, priorities, audit resolution and procedure and no definite legislation or laws among HEIs are the main challenges for e-waste management in the region. This study prompts mainstream e-waste management in HEIs and enlightens the public about appropriate strategies to address this issue. Furthermore, the findings of this study can be useful in formulating national and regional e-waste management plans and programs.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44416311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/20/202200078
Natlada Boonphikham, C. Singhakant, S. Kanchanasuta, W. Patthanaissaranukool, Tawach Prechthai
This cross-sectional study investigated the indoor air quality (IAQ) of public health centers (PHCs) and primary health care units in Bangkok to determine the impact of the different locations and ventilation systems concerning IAQ. Three indoor air pollutants: PM2.5, CO2, and CO were measured in three areas (medical record departments, outpatient departments and examination rooms) of six PHCs located in two different locations (main and secondary roadsides). The results showed that the average levels of PM2.5, CO2, and CO in the PHCs located on main roadsides were higher than those located on secondary roadsides. Among these parameters, only CO was found to significantly differ between those two locations indicating the result of vehicles and traffic sources regarding indoor CO level. Furthermore, all parameters were compared among the sampling areas with different ventilation systems; natural ventilation and air conditioner with and without ventilation fan. The amounts of all three pollutants significantly differed in each area with different ventilation systems. The average levels of PM2.5 and CO2 were the highest in areas with air conditioner without ventilation fan, while the level of CO was the highest in areas with natural ventilation. The ventilation was proved to be a key measure to improve IAQ. PHCs should consider ventilation efficacy to improve the IAQ by using ventilation fans in rooms using air conditioners. Finally, the average levels of all parameters were found below the recommended values in related standards, indicating safe IAQ for people working and receiving services in PHCs.
{"title":"Indoor Air Quality in Public Health Centers: A Case Study of Public Health Centers Located on Main and Secondary Roadsides, Bangkok","authors":"Natlada Boonphikham, C. Singhakant, S. Kanchanasuta, W. Patthanaissaranukool, Tawach Prechthai","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/20/202200078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202200078","url":null,"abstract":"This cross-sectional study investigated the indoor air quality (IAQ) of public health centers (PHCs) and primary health care units in Bangkok to determine the impact of the different locations and ventilation systems concerning IAQ. Three indoor air pollutants: PM2.5, CO2, and CO were measured in three areas (medical record departments, outpatient departments and examination rooms) of six PHCs located in two different locations (main and secondary roadsides). The results showed that the average levels of PM2.5, CO2, and CO in the PHCs located on main roadsides were higher than those located on secondary roadsides. Among these parameters, only CO was found to significantly differ between those two locations indicating the result of vehicles and traffic sources regarding indoor CO level. Furthermore, all parameters were compared among the sampling areas with different ventilation systems; natural ventilation and air conditioner with and without ventilation fan. The amounts of all three pollutants significantly differed in each area with different ventilation systems. The average levels of PM2.5 and CO2 were the highest in areas with air conditioner without ventilation fan, while the level of CO was the highest in areas with natural ventilation. The ventilation was proved to be a key measure to improve IAQ. PHCs should consider ventilation efficacy to improve the IAQ by using ventilation fans in rooms using air conditioners. Finally, the average levels of all parameters were found below the recommended values in related standards, indicating safe IAQ for people working and receiving services in PHCs.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/20/202200037
Wasinee Thongdang, R. Chaichana, Timothy S. Wood
The wastewater treatment ponds of the King’s Royally Initiated Laem Phak Bia Environmental Research and Development (LERD) Project in west-central Thailand provide habitats for freshwater bryozoans, which are colonial invertebrate animals. Bryozoans sieve food particles out of the water using a retractable lophophore and can play an important ecological role in wastewater treatment. In this unique environment, we: (1) investigated the efficiency of a phylactolaemate bryozoan (Plumatella casmiana) in wastewater treatment, measured by BOD5, chlorophyll a and turbidity; and (2) determined the role of protozoans in the diet of the bryozoan P. casmiana. Comparison of growth rate and fecal pellet characteristics between protozoan-fed bryozoans and phytoplankton-fed bryozoans was investigated. At the end of our wastewater treatment experiment, water quality parameters were markedly improved in the treatment with bryozoans compared to the control (without bryozoans). The treatment efficiency levels for BOD5, turbidity, and chlorophyll a were 24.04%, 59.21%, and 55.13%, respectively. The growth rates of bryozoans in the experimental treatment increased over time. Our study also revealed that this bryozoan can feed on a diet of protozoans under experimental conditions. However, the average daily growth rate of protozoan-fed bryozoans -20 zooids per day was lower than that of phytoplankton-fed bryozoans 19 zooids per day. This may have been due to incomplete digestion of protozoans or insufficient nutrition in the bryozoans. The results from this study provide better understanding of bryozoan ecology and their role in wastewater treatment systems.
{"title":"Wastewater Treatment Efficiency by a Freshwater Phylactolaemate Bryozoan and Experimental Feeding with Protozoa","authors":"Wasinee Thongdang, R. Chaichana, Timothy S. Wood","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/20/202200037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202200037","url":null,"abstract":"The wastewater treatment ponds of the King’s Royally Initiated Laem Phak Bia Environmental Research and Development (LERD) Project in west-central Thailand provide habitats for freshwater bryozoans, which are colonial invertebrate animals. Bryozoans sieve food particles out of the water using a retractable lophophore and can play an important ecological role in wastewater treatment. In this unique environment, we: (1) investigated the efficiency of a phylactolaemate bryozoan (Plumatella casmiana) in wastewater treatment, measured by BOD5, chlorophyll a and turbidity; and (2) determined the role of protozoans in the diet of the bryozoan P. casmiana. Comparison of growth rate and fecal pellet characteristics between protozoan-fed bryozoans and phytoplankton-fed bryozoans was investigated. At the end of our wastewater treatment experiment, water quality parameters were markedly improved in the treatment with bryozoans compared to the control (without bryozoans). The treatment efficiency levels for BOD5, turbidity, and chlorophyll a were 24.04%, 59.21%, and 55.13%, respectively. The growth rates of bryozoans in the experimental treatment increased over time. Our study also revealed that this bryozoan can feed on a diet of protozoans under experimental conditions. However, the average daily growth rate of protozoan-fed bryozoans -20 zooids per day was lower than that of phytoplankton-fed bryozoans 19 zooids per day. This may have been due to incomplete digestion of protozoans or insufficient nutrition in the bryozoans. The results from this study provide better understanding of bryozoan ecology and their role in wastewater treatment systems.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45833164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/20/202200071
Nuttacha Daengprathum, Rattapon Onchang, K. Nakhapakorn, O. Robert, Aungsiri Tipayarom, Peter Johann Sturm
Historical buildings are recognized as the valuable cultural heritage of a nation. They may suffer material deterioration unavoidably because of exposure to air pollution. We used geographic information systems with dose-response functions (DRFs) to estimate the corrosion of copper and Portland limestone, and their risk of corrosion with regard to historical buildings in Bangkok, Thailand. The first step was to find a suitable spatial interpolation method considering the air pollution and meteorological measurement data for 2010-2019 from 26 monitoring stations in Bangkok and its neighborhoods. Applying multiple performance measures, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method was found to be the most suitable. Predictions of the pollutant concentration in the spatial atmosphere showed that the concentration of all pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, and PM10) tends to increase in 2028. Air pollution exposure time duration tends to be a key factor affecting the corrosion of material. The results of spatial corrosion estimations indicated that in 2010, the corrosion of copper and Portland limestone were at acceptable levels; however, the estimated corrosion levels for 2019 and 2028 are higher and beyond the acceptable levels. Moreover, both materials in the Rattanakosin historical area exceed their tolerable corrosion rates with considerably serious risks in 2028. The results can be further used to establish active measures to reduce the rate of corrosion of historical buildings in Bangkok.
{"title":"Estimation of Effects of Air Pollution on the Corrosion of Historical Buildings in Bangkok","authors":"Nuttacha Daengprathum, Rattapon Onchang, K. Nakhapakorn, O. Robert, Aungsiri Tipayarom, Peter Johann Sturm","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/20/202200071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202200071","url":null,"abstract":"Historical buildings are recognized as the valuable cultural heritage of a nation. They may suffer material deterioration unavoidably because of exposure to air pollution. We used geographic information systems with dose-response functions (DRFs) to estimate the corrosion of copper and Portland limestone, and their risk of corrosion with regard to historical buildings in Bangkok, Thailand. The first step was to find a suitable spatial interpolation method considering the air pollution and meteorological measurement data for 2010-2019 from 26 monitoring stations in Bangkok and its neighborhoods. Applying multiple performance measures, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method was found to be the most suitable. Predictions of the pollutant concentration in the spatial atmosphere showed that the concentration of all pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, and PM10) tends to increase in 2028. Air pollution exposure time duration tends to be a key factor affecting the corrosion of material. The results of spatial corrosion estimations indicated that in 2010, the corrosion of copper and Portland limestone were at acceptable levels; however, the estimated corrosion levels for 2019 and 2028 are higher and beyond the acceptable levels. Moreover, both materials in the Rattanakosin historical area exceed their tolerable corrosion rates with considerably serious risks in 2028. The results can be further used to establish active measures to reduce the rate of corrosion of historical buildings in Bangkok.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46612992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/20/202200010
K. Ayer, P. Kandel, D. Gautam, P. Khadka, Mahamad Sayab Miya
The present study was accomplished to assess and compare tree diversity, carbon stock, and to find the relationship between carbon stock and tree diversity in scientifically and conventionally managed community forests (CFs) of Kanchanpur District, Nepal. A total of 94 sample plots were overlaid with a systematic random sampling method (51 plots in scientifically managed Singhapur CF and 43 plots were established in conventionally managed Kalika CF). The height and DBH of each tree were measured to calculate biomass and carbon stock. Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s indexes were calculated for tree diversity. The data were pooled and analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS software. The values were statistically compared using a t-test. The total carbon stock and tree diversity were higher in scientifically managed CF (207.58 tons/ha and H= 0.97) than conventionally managed CF (183.72 tons/ha and H=0.85). Shorea robusta has a major contribution on total carbon stock in both CFs (Kalika: 66.34% and Singhapur: 70.43%) followed by Terminalia tomentosa (Kalika: 24.65% and Singhapur: 13.36%). The t-test did not show any significant difference for the mean values of carbon stocks and tree diversity between the CFs at a 5% level of significance. However, carbon stock showed a weak but positive relationship with species richness and negative with evenness. The result of the study recommends managing forests scientifically for increased tree diversity leading to enhanced carbon deposition.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Carbon Stock and Tree Diversity between Scientifically and Conventionally Managed Community Forests of Kanchanpur District, Nepal","authors":"K. Ayer, P. Kandel, D. Gautam, P. Khadka, Mahamad Sayab Miya","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/20/202200010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202200010","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was accomplished to assess and compare tree diversity, carbon stock, and to find the relationship between carbon stock and tree diversity in scientifically and conventionally managed community forests (CFs) of Kanchanpur District, Nepal. A total of 94 sample plots were overlaid with a systematic random sampling method (51 plots in scientifically managed Singhapur CF and 43 plots were established in conventionally managed Kalika CF). The height and DBH of each tree were measured to calculate biomass and carbon stock. Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s indexes were calculated for tree diversity. The data were pooled and analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS software. The values were statistically compared using a t-test. The total carbon stock and tree diversity were higher in scientifically managed CF (207.58 tons/ha and H= 0.97) than conventionally managed CF (183.72 tons/ha and H=0.85). Shorea robusta has a major contribution on total carbon stock in both CFs (Kalika: 66.34% and Singhapur: 70.43%) followed by Terminalia tomentosa (Kalika: 24.65% and Singhapur: 13.36%). The t-test did not show any significant difference for the mean values of carbon stocks and tree diversity between the CFs at a 5% level of significance. However, carbon stock showed a weak but positive relationship with species richness and negative with evenness. The result of the study recommends managing forests scientifically for increased tree diversity leading to enhanced carbon deposition.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42087252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/20/202200036
N. Giao, Ly Van Loi, Huynh Thi Hong Nhien, Trần Ngọc Huy
The study assessed the vulnerability of habitats and species to climate change in Lung Ngoc Hoang Nature Reserve (NR), Vietnam. The vulnerability assessment tools for habitat and species were developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Community members, NR managers and experts in the fields of environment, economic and rural development were involved in this study. The results showed that saltwater intrusion and inundation could cause serious threats to habitats (i.e., open water, Lung, agricultural and Melaleuca habitats) and freshwater species. The combined impacts of drought and high temperature potentially increase forest fires for the Melaleuca habitat and decrease the quantity and quality of open water habitats. The Melaleuca and Lung habitats have a high baseline conservation status, in which Melaleuca habitats are more vulnerable than Lung habitats. Conversely, open water and agricultural habitats are at low baseline conservation status, but open water habitats are more vulnerable. In addition, the proliferation of invasive alien species, encroachment on agricultural cultivation, and the degradation of water quality are also great threats to the NR. Key species, including Melaleuca cajuputi, Elaeocarpus hygrophilus, Chitala ornate, Channa micropeltes, were at low threat of climate change. However, C. ornate and C. micropeltes are seriously endangered by seawater intrusion, drought and poor water quality. The findings of this study can provide essential information for NR managers to formulate water management plans for the protection and management of the habitats and species in Lung Ngoc Hoang NR.
{"title":"Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the Major Habitats and Species in Lung Ngoc Hoang Nature Reserve, Vietnamese Mekong Delta","authors":"N. Giao, Ly Van Loi, Huynh Thi Hong Nhien, Trần Ngọc Huy","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/20/202200036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202200036","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the vulnerability of habitats and species to climate change in Lung Ngoc Hoang Nature Reserve (NR), Vietnam. The vulnerability assessment tools for habitat and species were developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Community members, NR managers and experts in the fields of environment, economic and rural development were involved in this study. The results showed that saltwater intrusion and inundation could cause serious threats to habitats (i.e., open water, Lung, agricultural and Melaleuca habitats) and freshwater species. The combined impacts of drought and high temperature potentially increase forest fires for the Melaleuca habitat and decrease the quantity and quality of open water habitats. The Melaleuca and Lung habitats have a high baseline conservation status, in which Melaleuca habitats are more vulnerable than Lung habitats. Conversely, open water and agricultural habitats are at low baseline conservation status, but open water habitats are more vulnerable. In addition, the proliferation of invasive alien species, encroachment on agricultural cultivation, and the degradation of water quality are also great threats to the NR. Key species, including Melaleuca cajuputi, Elaeocarpus hygrophilus, Chitala ornate, Channa micropeltes, were at low threat of climate change. However, C. ornate and C. micropeltes are seriously endangered by seawater intrusion, drought and poor water quality. The findings of this study can provide essential information for NR managers to formulate water management plans for the protection and management of the habitats and species in Lung Ngoc Hoang NR.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43178603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/20/202200001
Kumudu Bandara R.V., Pathmalal Manage M.
Tributyltin (TBT) is known as an endocrine-disrupting chemical abundant in the aquatic environment. In the present study, zebrafish fish embryos were used to observe the chronic toxicity of TBT. Fish embryo toxicity analysis was carried out for different TBT concentrations (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.2, and 3.1 ng/L) and fertilized eggs were used to test each concentration effect. Fertilized eggs in 24-well plates (20 eggs in each well) were incubated at 26°C for four days and embryo coagulation, heartbeat of the embryo and mortality lethal endpoints (LC50 values) were recorded after 8, 24, 48, and 96 h. The results revealed that 100% coagulations of the embryos occurred at TBT doses of 50 and 100 ng/L. The coagulation significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner and TBT might induce coagulation of zebrafish embryos. Heartbeat changes were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner at different TBT doses. LC50 values of TBT for zebrafish embryos were 19.9, 11.7, 7.3, and 5.2 ng/L at 8, 24, 48, and 96 h, respectively. The percentage of mortality was higher in embryos for the trace level of TBT, indicating that embryos are more sensitive to TBT toxicity. Hence, TBT is highly toxic and leads to a lethal effect on the zebrafish embryo, resulting in species extinction and declining biodiversity in the aquatic environment.
{"title":"Toxicological Effects of Tributyltin in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos","authors":"Kumudu Bandara R.V., Pathmalal Manage M.","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/20/202200001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202200001","url":null,"abstract":"Tributyltin (TBT) is known as an endocrine-disrupting chemical abundant in the aquatic environment. In the present study, zebrafish fish embryos were used to observe the chronic toxicity of TBT. Fish embryo toxicity analysis was carried out for different TBT concentrations (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.2, and 3.1 ng/L) and fertilized eggs were used to test each concentration effect. Fertilized eggs in 24-well plates (20 eggs in each well) were incubated at 26°C for four days and embryo coagulation, heartbeat of the embryo and mortality lethal endpoints (LC50 values) were recorded after 8, 24, 48, and 96 h. The results revealed that 100% coagulations of the embryos occurred at TBT doses of 50 and 100 ng/L. The coagulation significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner and TBT might induce coagulation of zebrafish embryos. Heartbeat changes were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner at different TBT doses. LC50 values of TBT for zebrafish embryos were 19.9, 11.7, 7.3, and 5.2 ng/L at 8, 24, 48, and 96 h, respectively. The percentage of mortality was higher in embryos for the trace level of TBT, indicating that embryos are more sensitive to TBT toxicity. Hence, TBT is highly toxic and leads to a lethal effect on the zebrafish embryo, resulting in species extinction and declining biodiversity in the aquatic environment.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48803518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/20/202200026
Randa Harrat, G. Bourzama, H. Ouled-Haddar, B. Soumati
Low density polyethylene (LDPE) is the most abundant non-degradable plastic waste. Widely used in packaging material, it represents a serious threat to all ecosystems. In the present study, a Rhizopus sp. fungal strain was isolated from soil of a landfill located in north-east Algeria and cultured on potato dextrose agar. The in vitro biodegradability of pieces of the same plastic bag (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g) was estimated in minimal liquid medium and on minimal solid medium. Furthermore, biodegradation of plastic bag pieces was examined in seawater, tap water and soil. The isolated Rhizopus sp. strain could degrade the plastic bag waste. The highest in vitro rate occurred in the minimal liquid medium for both the 0.4-g and 0.6-g pieces (a 20% decrease in weight). In natural media, the highest weight decrease was different depending on the substrate: 5% in seawater for the 0.2-g piece, 10% in tap water for the 0.4-g piece and 8% in soil for the 0.4-g piece. This strain could also form a biofilm in Malt Extract Broth (MEB). These results revealed that the isolated Rhizopus sp. strain has considerable biodegradative ability based on different measures.
{"title":"In Vitro and Ex Situ Biodegradation of Low-Density Polyethylene by a Rhizopus sp. Strain Isolated from a Local Dumpsite in North-East Algeria","authors":"Randa Harrat, G. Bourzama, H. Ouled-Haddar, B. Soumati","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/20/202200026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202200026","url":null,"abstract":"Low density polyethylene (LDPE) is the most abundant non-degradable plastic waste. Widely used in packaging material, it represents a serious threat to all ecosystems. In the present study, a Rhizopus sp. fungal strain was isolated from soil of a landfill located in north-east Algeria and cultured on potato dextrose agar. The in vitro biodegradability of pieces of the same plastic bag (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g) was estimated in minimal liquid medium and on minimal solid medium. Furthermore, biodegradation of plastic bag pieces was examined in seawater, tap water and soil. The isolated Rhizopus sp. strain could degrade the plastic bag waste. The highest in vitro rate occurred in the minimal liquid medium for both the 0.4-g and 0.6-g pieces (a 20% decrease in weight). In natural media, the highest weight decrease was different depending on the substrate: 5% in seawater for the 0.2-g piece, 10% in tap water for the 0.4-g piece and 8% in soil for the 0.4-g piece. This strain could also form a biofilm in Malt Extract Broth (MEB). These results revealed that the isolated Rhizopus sp. strain has considerable biodegradative ability based on different measures.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42235444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-08DOI: 10.32526/ennrj/20/202200019
Juthamard Kaiphoem, Natcha Sornhiran, P. Leksungnoen, Apinya Saentho, Arnon Nansahwang, Sutdacha Khunthong, S. Aramrak, N. Prakongkep, W. Wisawapipat
Dwindling carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) levels in paddy soils decreases rice production and threaten human food security globally. The efficient maintenance of C and N fluxes in soil-rice systems is a crucial prerequisite for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Herein, we examined the C and N fluxes from 63 rainfed rice paddy fields under conventional farming (CF) and organic farming (OF) systems in Thailand. The C and N fluxes were measured based on a detailed analysis of relevant influxes (fertilizer, manure, and biomass addition) and effluxes (biomass harvest and greenhouse gas emission). The results demonstrated that the harvested grain and straw contributed to the most abundant C and N effluxes for both farming systems. The CH4 effluxes were moderate, whereas the N2O effluxes were meager relative to their total effluxes. Stubble incorporation and animal manure addition to soil were the most extensive C influxes. However, the primary N influxes were stubble incorporation and animal manure addition for the OF system, and chemical-N fertilizers for the CF system. Net C depletions were observed in both the CF and OF systems. However, net N was depleted and accumulated in the CF and OF systems, respectively. Straw incorporation to soils could restore the net C accumulations for the CF and OF systems and elevate the net N accumulation for both systems. This study highlighted that complete straw removal has exacerbated the C and N stock in soil-rice systems, inducing insecurity for the environment and the agricultural systems. Effective straw management is a simple approach for sustaining paddy rice production.
{"title":"Biogeochemical Cycling of Carbon and Nitrogen in Rainfed Rice Production Under Conventional and Organic Rice Farming","authors":"Juthamard Kaiphoem, Natcha Sornhiran, P. Leksungnoen, Apinya Saentho, Arnon Nansahwang, Sutdacha Khunthong, S. Aramrak, N. Prakongkep, W. Wisawapipat","doi":"10.32526/ennrj/20/202200019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/20/202200019","url":null,"abstract":"Dwindling carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) levels in paddy soils decreases rice production and threaten human food security globally. The efficient maintenance of C and N fluxes in soil-rice systems is a crucial prerequisite for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Herein, we examined the C and N fluxes from 63 rainfed rice paddy fields under conventional farming (CF) and organic farming (OF) systems in Thailand. The C and N fluxes were measured based on a detailed analysis of relevant influxes (fertilizer, manure, and biomass addition) and effluxes (biomass harvest and greenhouse gas emission). The results demonstrated that the harvested grain and straw contributed to the most abundant C and N effluxes for both farming systems. The CH4 effluxes were moderate, whereas the N2O effluxes were meager relative to their total effluxes. Stubble incorporation and animal manure addition to soil were the most extensive C influxes. However, the primary N influxes were stubble incorporation and animal manure addition for the OF system, and chemical-N fertilizers for the CF system. Net C depletions were observed in both the CF and OF systems. However, net N was depleted and accumulated in the CF and OF systems, respectively. Straw incorporation to soils could restore the net C accumulations for the CF and OF systems and elevate the net N accumulation for both systems. This study highlighted that complete straw removal has exacerbated the C and N stock in soil-rice systems, inducing insecurity for the environment and the agricultural systems. Effective straw management is a simple approach for sustaining paddy rice production.","PeriodicalId":11784,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Natural Resources Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44673472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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