S. Harii, M. Morita, K. Sakai, F. Sinniger, A. Takemura, H. Yamashiro
Sesoko Station was established as a marine laboratory of the Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of the Ryukyus in 1971 in Sesoko Island, northern Okinawa, Japan. Since then, our station has promoted and contributed coral reef research and education with domestic and international researchers. At first, land on Sesoko Island was kindly provided by Motobu Town in Okinawa and staff consisting of a head of the station (who held a position in the Faculty of Science), an associate professor and a technician were placed in the station. The boatshed was built in 1974 (Fig. 1), then the main research building was established in 1975, followed by the marine culturing building and outdoor aquaria in 1977 (Fig. 2 A). During the first 10 years of its existence, the station aimed to provide seaside education and research facilities for biology students and professors of the faculty. With the increasing needs of research in ocean science, the station reorganized and was separated from the faculty. It became an independent facility of the University known as the Sesoko Marine Science Center in 1981 with several professors’ positions. After this time, the center developed with the acquisition of a research boat (accommodating up to 20 people), and the renovation of the boatshed to serve a wide range of research fields including biology, fisheries, geology and physics/ chemistry. The center also developed internationally by inviting foreign researchers and the international symposium “Biodiversity and adaptive strategies of coral reef organisms” was held for the 20 anniversary of the station in 1992 (Chair, Prof. Kiyoshi Yamazato). During this development, the predecessor of this journal, “Galaxea” was first issued as an international publication of Sesoko Marine Science Center in 1982 and research activities from Sesoko were widely reported (Fig. 3). The journal was terminated in 1997, but later the Japanese Fig. 1 A, First building (boatshed) of Sesoko Station in 1974. B, People pray for safety of field research. Photo: Shigeo Nakamura A
濑子站是1971年在日本冲绳岛北部的濑子岛建立的琉球大学科学与工程学院的海洋实验室。从那时起，我们站与国内外研究人员一起推动和贡献了珊瑚礁研究和教育。起初，濑子岛的土地是由冲绳元武镇提供的，由一名站长(他在理学院任职)、一名副教授和一名技术人员组成的工作人员被安置在车站里。船坞建于1974年(图1)，然后主要的研究大楼建于1975年，接着是1977年的海洋养殖大楼和室外水族馆(图2a)。在其存在的前10年，该站旨在为生物学学生和教师的教授提供海边教育和研究设施。随着海洋科学研究需求的增加，该站进行了重组，并从院系中分离出来。它于1981年成为大学的一个独立机构，被称为Sesoko海洋科学中心，拥有几个教授职位。此后，该中心获得了一艘研究船(最多可容纳20人)，并对该船进行了翻新，以服务于包括生物学，渔业，地质学和物理/化学在内的广泛研究领域。1992年，为纪念该站成立20周年，举办了“珊瑚礁生物多样性与适应策略”国际研讨会(主席山中清教授)。在这一发展过程中，该期刊的前身《Galaxea》于1982年首次作为国际出版物由雪子海洋科学中心发行，雪子的研究活动被广泛报道(图3)。该期刊于1997年终止，但后来在1974年日本的图1a，雪子站的第一个建筑(船棚)。B、人们祈祷野外研究的安全。照片:Shigeo Nakamura A
{"title":"Coral reef research in Sesoko Island -50 years anniversary of Sesoko Station, University of the Ryukyus-","authors":"S. Harii, M. Morita, K. Sakai, F. Sinniger, A. Takemura, H. Yamashiro","doi":"10.3755/galaxea.24.1_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.24.1_1","url":null,"abstract":"Sesoko Station was established as a marine laboratory of the Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of the Ryukyus in 1971 in Sesoko Island, northern Okinawa, Japan. Since then, our station has promoted and contributed coral reef research and education with domestic and international researchers. At first, land on Sesoko Island was kindly provided by Motobu Town in Okinawa and staff consisting of a head of the station (who held a position in the Faculty of Science), an associate professor and a technician were placed in the station. The boatshed was built in 1974 (Fig. 1), then the main research building was established in 1975, followed by the marine culturing building and outdoor aquaria in 1977 (Fig. 2 A). During the first 10 years of its existence, the station aimed to provide seaside education and research facilities for biology students and professors of the faculty. With the increasing needs of research in ocean science, the station reorganized and was separated from the faculty. It became an independent facility of the University known as the Sesoko Marine Science Center in 1981 with several professors’ positions. After this time, the center developed with the acquisition of a research boat (accommodating up to 20 people), and the renovation of the boatshed to serve a wide range of research fields including biology, fisheries, geology and physics/ chemistry. The center also developed internationally by inviting foreign researchers and the international symposium “Biodiversity and adaptive strategies of coral reef organisms” was held for the 20 anniversary of the station in 1992 (Chair, Prof. Kiyoshi Yamazato). During this development, the predecessor of this journal, “Galaxea” was first issued as an international publication of Sesoko Marine Science Center in 1982 and research activities from Sesoko were widely reported (Fig. 3). The journal was terminated in 1997, but later the Japanese Fig. 1 A, First building (boatshed) of Sesoko Station in 1974. B, People pray for safety of field research. Photo: Shigeo Nakamura A","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128253501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.3755/galaxea.g2021_s14o
Tanya Singh, F. Sinniger, Y. Nakano, Shigeo Nakamura, Shouhei Kadena, Mori Jinza, H. Fujimura, S. Harii
Knowledge of environmental factors is crucial in understanding biological and ecological processes. Yet information on the environment around Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan, one of the main locations for coral reef research in Japan, remains scarce. Data of air and sea surface temperature (SST), wind velocity, wave height, and frequency of typhoons have been manually recorded at Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Station, the University of the Ryukyus from September 1990 to November 2021. Here we describe the seasonal and long-term trends in these environmental variables at Sesoko Island. Some of the key findings were that the air temperature and SST fluctuated by ~9 - 12°C throughout the year. A rise in air temperature and SST between 1990 and 2021 was observed in the winter and autumn season, respectively. The Degree Heating Week (DHW) based on the in-situ data reflected the bleaching obser vations around Sesoko Station. The DHW exceeded the critical bleaching level of 8°C-week in 1998 and the significant bleaching level of 4°C-week in 2001, 2016, and 2017. Weak southerly winds were dominant in summers, while stronger northeasterly winds were dominant in winters. The frequency of winds between 3.4 to 7.9 m/s and northeastern winds have increased through time. Typhoons generally occur between May and October, and the frequency of typhoons has not increased over the past 30 years. Wave heights never exceeded 0.5 m and were highest between July and September. These findings will provide a reliable baseline of the environment at Sesoko Island for further ecological studies.
{"title":"Long-term trends and seasonal variations in environmental conditions in Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan","authors":"Tanya Singh, F. Sinniger, Y. Nakano, Shigeo Nakamura, Shouhei Kadena, Mori Jinza, H. Fujimura, S. Harii","doi":"10.3755/galaxea.g2021_s14o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.g2021_s14o","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of environmental factors is crucial in understanding biological and ecological processes. Yet information on the environment around Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan, one of the main locations for coral reef research in Japan, remains scarce. Data of air and sea surface temperature (SST), wind velocity, wave height, and frequency of typhoons have been manually recorded at Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Station, the University of the Ryukyus from September 1990 to November 2021. Here we describe the seasonal and long-term trends in these environmental variables at Sesoko Island. Some of the key findings were that the air temperature and SST fluctuated by ~9 - 12°C throughout the year. A rise in air temperature and SST between 1990 and 2021 was observed in the winter and autumn season, respectively. The Degree Heating Week (DHW) based on the in-situ data reflected the bleaching obser vations around Sesoko Station. The DHW exceeded the critical bleaching level of 8°C-week in 1998 and the significant bleaching level of 4°C-week in 2001, 2016, and 2017. Weak southerly winds were dominant in summers, while stronger northeasterly winds were dominant in winters. The frequency of winds between 3.4 to 7.9 m/s and northeastern winds have increased through time. Typhoons generally occur between May and October, and the frequency of typhoons has not increased over the past 30 years. Wave heights never exceeded 0.5 m and were highest between July and September. These findings will provide a reliable baseline of the environment at Sesoko Island for further ecological studies.","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114319942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[Extract] Corallimopharians are a group of anthozoans that can rapidly monopolise patches of shallow water substrate on tropical coral reefs and persist as the dominant benthos after frequent disturbances (Chadwick-Furman and Spiegel 2000). One factor contributing to the ability to rapidly colonize available substrate is the diverse range of asexual reproductive strategies displayed by various corallimorphs, including pedal laceration, longitudinal fission and inverse or marginal budding (den Hartog 1980; Chen et al. 1995; Chadwick-Furman and Spiegel 2000).
珊瑚虫是一组珊瑚虫，它们可以迅速垄断热带珊瑚礁浅水底物的斑块，并在频繁的干扰后继续作为主要的底栖动物(查德威克-福尔曼和斯皮格尔2000)。促成珊瑚能够迅速在可用基质上定植的一个因素是各种珊瑚形态所表现出的各种无性生殖策略，包括足部撕裂、纵向裂变和逆芽或边缘芽(den Hartog 1980;Chen et al. 1995;Chadwick-Furman and Spiegel 2000)。
{"title":"Asexual reproduction by marginal budding in the tropical corallimorpharian Ricordea yuma (Corallimorpharia; Ricordeidae)","authors":"Mei-Fang Lin, Chaolun Allen Chen, David J. Miller","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.15.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.15.41","url":null,"abstract":"[Extract] Corallimopharians are a group of anthozoans that can rapidly monopolise patches of shallow water substrate on tropical coral reefs and persist as the dominant benthos after frequent disturbances (Chadwick-Furman and Spiegel 2000). One factor contributing to the ability to rapidly colonize available substrate is the diverse range of asexual reproductive strategies displayed by various corallimorphs, including pedal laceration, longitudinal fission and inverse or marginal budding (den Hartog 1980; Chen et al. 1995; Chadwick-Furman and Spiegel 2000).","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130131879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[Extract] The discovery of a novel alga, Chromera velia, has generated much interest because it is a missing link between the non-photosynthetic apicomplexan parasites and dinoflagellates, which includes the coral endosymbiont Symbiodinium (Moore et al. 2008). Janouskovec, this new algal species has only been found in association with corals, having now been isolated from multiple coral species from a range of reefs worldwide (Moore et al. 2008; Cumbo et al. 2012; Janouskovec et al. 2012). C. velia can be endosymbiotic in coral larvae (Cumbo et al. 2012), and can also persist in culture, however, due to its close relationship to apicomplexans it may become parasitic under some conditions (Obornik et al. 2011). In support of this potential shift to parasitism, organelles putatively specialised for cell or host invasion are formed when C. velia is free-living and motile (Obornik et al. 2011).
【摘要】一种新的藻类，velia Chromera的发现引起了人们的极大兴趣，因为它是非光合作用的顶复合体寄生虫和鞭毛藻之间缺失的一环，其中包括珊瑚内共生共生菌(Symbiodinium) (Moore et al. 2008)。Janouskovec，这种新的藻类物种只被发现与珊瑚有关，现在已经从世界各地的珊瑚礁的多种珊瑚物种中分离出来(Moore等人，2008;Cumbo et al. 2012;Janouskovec et al. 2012)。C. velia可以在珊瑚幼虫中内共生(Cumbo et al. 2012)，也可以在培养中持续存在，然而，由于其与顶复合体的密切关系，它可能在某些条件下成为寄生(Obornik et al. 2011)。为了支持这种向寄生的潜在转变，当梭菌自由生活和活动时，被认为专门用于细胞或宿主入侵的细胞器就会形成(Obornik et al. 2011)。
{"title":"Chromera velia: Coral symbiont or parasite?","authors":"V. Cumbo, A. Baird","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.15.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.15.15","url":null,"abstract":"[Extract] The discovery of a novel alga, Chromera velia, has generated much interest because it is a missing link between the non-photosynthetic apicomplexan parasites and dinoflagellates, which includes the coral endosymbiont Symbiodinium (Moore et al. 2008). Janouskovec, this new algal species has only been found in association with corals, having now been isolated from multiple coral species from a range of reefs worldwide (Moore et al. 2008; Cumbo et al. 2012; Janouskovec et al. 2012). C. velia can be endosymbiotic in coral larvae (Cumbo et al. 2012), and can also persist in culture, however, due to its close relationship to apicomplexans it may become parasitic under some conditions (Obornik et al. 2011). In support of this potential shift to parasitism, organelles putatively specialised for cell or host invasion are formed when C. velia is free-living and motile (Obornik et al. 2011).","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124524777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yumiko Yara, K. Oshima, M. Fujii, H. Yamano, Y. Yamanaka, N. Okada
Using projected monthly mean sea surface tem-perature (SST) in the 21st century obtained by multiple climate models and SST-based indices for the poleward range expansions of three types of coral habitats, we quantitatively evaluated the effects of SST warming on potential northern limit of coral habitats in seas close to Japan and their uncertainty in the global warming pro-jections. The uncertainty in the timing of temperate coral community formation due to global warming was no less than 30 years, with a modulation of ±10 years due to decadal climate variability. Tropical-subtropical and tem-perate coral communities and coral occurrence in seas close to Japan were predicted to shift poleward by a few hundred kilometers by the end of the 21st century. The average estimated speeds of the shifts were 1, 2, and 4 km/year for the tropical-subtropical coral community, temper-ate coral community, and coral occurrence, respectively. The simulated speeds were relatively slower than those previously observed (up to 14 km/year; Yamano et al. 2011), indicating that there are time lags between the new recruitment of coral colonies and the establishment of coral communities. Hence, monitoring of coral dynamics in response to SST warming is required. Collaboration between monitoring and modeling would enhance the reliability of future projections of changes in coral ha-bitats. Such projections are important for conserving marine biodiversity and developing plans for human societies to adapt to global warming.
利用多种气候模式预估的21世纪月平均海温(SST)和基于海温的指数，定量评价了海温变暖对日本附近海域珊瑚生境潜在北界的影响及其在全球变暖预估中的不确定性。由于全球变暖，温带珊瑚群落形成时间的不确定性不小于30年，由于年代际气候变率的调节为±10年。据预测，到21世纪末，日本附近海域的热带-亚热带和温带珊瑚群落和珊瑚分布将向极地移动数百公里。热带-亚热带珊瑚群落、温带珊瑚群落和珊瑚分布的平均迁移速度分别为1 km/年、2 km/年和4 km/年。模拟的速度比以前观测到的速度相对较慢(高达14公里/年;Yamano et al. 2011)，这表明珊瑚群落的新招募与珊瑚群落的建立之间存在时间滞后。因此，需要监测珊瑚对海温变暖的响应动态。监测和建模之间的合作将提高未来对珊瑚栖息地变化预测的可靠性。这种预测对于保护海洋生物多样性和制定人类社会适应全球变暖的计划非常重要。
{"title":"Projection and uncertainty of the poleward range expansion of coral habitats in response to sea surface temperature warming: A multiple climate model study","authors":"Yumiko Yara, K. Oshima, M. Fujii, H. Yamano, Y. Yamanaka, N. Okada","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.13.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.13.11","url":null,"abstract":"Using projected monthly mean sea surface tem-perature (SST) in the 21st century obtained by multiple climate models and SST-based indices for the poleward range expansions of three types of coral habitats, we quantitatively evaluated the effects of SST warming on potential northern limit of coral habitats in seas close to Japan and their uncertainty in the global warming pro-jections. The uncertainty in the timing of temperate coral community formation due to global warming was no less than 30 years, with a modulation of ±10 years due to decadal climate variability. Tropical-subtropical and tem-perate coral communities and coral occurrence in seas close to Japan were predicted to shift poleward by a few hundred kilometers by the end of the 21st century. The average estimated speeds of the shifts were 1, 2, and 4 km/year for the tropical-subtropical coral community, temper-ate coral community, and coral occurrence, respectively. The simulated speeds were relatively slower than those previously observed (up to 14 km/year; Yamano et al. 2011), indicating that there are time lags between the new recruitment of coral colonies and the establishment of coral communities. Hence, monitoring of coral dynamics in response to SST warming is required. Collaboration between monitoring and modeling would enhance the reliability of future projections of changes in coral ha-bitats. Such projections are important for conserving marine biodiversity and developing plans for human societies to adapt to global warming.","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123766156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of refuge structure from grazers on settlement substrata in survivorship of scleractinian coral spats. The present study reports some evidence showing that the importance of refuges varies depending on growth speed of coral spats. Survival of spats of the fast-growing scleractinian coral, Acropora solitaryensis that had settled on plain surfaces of settlement plates or in artificially-made micro-crevices (MC) serving as refuges on the plain plate surfaces was monitored in situ over the first year of life. Survival rate of A. solitaryensis spats dropped rapidly to less than 50% during the first two months but stabilized afterward and maintained high values both in MC (33%) and on the plain surfaces (17%) by the end of the one year experimental period. The higher spat survival rate observed in MC confirmed refuge effects on spat survivorship while many spats surviving on plain surfaces, which were not seen in slow-growing coral species in a previous comparable study, suggest that spats of fast-growing coral species that can attain a large enough size to survive damage from grazers early may depend less on refuge structure on settlement substrata. This may allow fast-growing coral species to extend potential areas for successful recruitment, more regardless of surface structure of settlement substrata, promoting its population development.
{"title":"Survivorship of fast-growing coral spats depend less on refuge structure: the case of Acropora solitaryensis","authors":"Y. Nozawa","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.12.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.12.31","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of refuge structure from grazers on settlement substrata in survivorship of scleractinian coral spats. The present study reports some evidence showing that the importance of refuges varies depending on growth speed of coral spats. Survival of spats of the fast-growing scleractinian coral, Acropora solitaryensis that had settled on plain surfaces of settlement plates or in artificially-made micro-crevices (MC) serving as refuges on the plain plate surfaces was monitored in situ over the first year of life. Survival rate of A. solitaryensis spats dropped rapidly to less than 50% during the first two months but stabilized afterward and maintained high values both in MC (33%) and on the plain surfaces (17%) by the end of the one year experimental period. The higher spat survival rate observed in MC confirmed refuge effects on spat survivorship while many spats surviving on plain surfaces, which were not seen in slow-growing coral species in a previous comparable study, suggest that spats of fast-growing coral species that can attain a large enough size to survive damage from grazers early may depend less on refuge structure on settlement substrata. This may allow fast-growing coral species to extend potential areas for successful recruitment, more regardless of surface structure of settlement substrata, promoting its population development.","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125554598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. N. Tanduyan, Panfilo E. Ciriaco, R. B. Gonzaga, Wilfredo G. Anoos, Lourdes M. Garciano, Berenice T. Andriano
Species diversity of holothurians in Camotes Islands, Cebu Philippines were studied as baseline data for resource and ecological management. A 150 meter transect was laid in sandy, muddy and rocky substrates of the coastal barrios during the day and night assessments of the four municipalities of Camotes Islands which are San Francisco, Poro, Tudela and Pilar. Physico-chemical instruments were used and actual collection of specimen and other data was done in every 10 meter distance in the transect where a 1m quadrat was used. Results showed that there are 20 species of holothurians belonging to 3 families namely Holothuriidae, Stichopodidae and Synaptidae. Results further show that there are 13 common species of Holothurians found in the four municipalities. The most diverse municipality is San Francisco which has 18 species followed by Poro (15); Pilar (14) and Tudela (13). For the distinct species, Holothuria rigida is found only in San Francisco followed by Pearsonothuria graffei (in Tudela and Pilar);
{"title":"Diversity of the shallow water holothurians in Camotes Islands, Central, Philippines","authors":"S. N. Tanduyan, Panfilo E. Ciriaco, R. B. Gonzaga, Wilfredo G. Anoos, Lourdes M. Garciano, Berenice T. Andriano","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.15.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.15.201","url":null,"abstract":"Species diversity of holothurians in Camotes Islands, Cebu Philippines were studied as baseline data for resource and ecological management. A 150 meter transect was laid in sandy, muddy and rocky substrates of the coastal barrios during the day and night assessments of the four municipalities of Camotes Islands which are San Francisco, Poro, Tudela and Pilar. Physico-chemical instruments were used and actual collection of specimen and other data was done in every 10 meter distance in the transect where a 1m quadrat was used. Results showed that there are 20 species of holothurians belonging to 3 families namely Holothuriidae, Stichopodidae and Synaptidae. Results further show that there are 13 common species of Holothurians found in the four municipalities. The most diverse municipality is San Francisco which has 18 species followed by Poro (15); Pilar (14) and Tudela (13). For the distinct species, Holothuria rigida is found only in San Francisco followed by Pearsonothuria graffei (in Tudela and Pilar);","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123087521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Are the coral mounds of the Kushimoto area, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, submerged Holocene reefs?","authors":"Chuki Hongo, R. Asami, Y. Iryu","doi":"10.3755/galaxea.g26-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.g26-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125154923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Kuo, Aichi Chung, S. Keshavmurthy, Ya-yi Huang, Sung-Yin Yang, Chaolun Allen Chen
Polycyathus chaishanensis Lin, Kitahara, Tachikawa, Keshavmurthy & Chen, 2012 is an extant caryophyllid first observed in 1990 in a single tidal pool (<3 m in depth) containing less than 50 small individual colonies at Chaishan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (Lin et al. 2012). Due to its rarity and vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances, namely coastal development and pollution at the holotype locality, it is listed as a highly-endangered species by the Taiwan Wildlife Act (COA 2017). Remarkably, a second population of P. chaishanensis (Fig. 1A), located at 150-170 cm below average sea level and exposed to air during the monthly low tide, was discovered during a recent biodiversity survey of the unique crustose coralline algal (CCA) reef in Taoyuan, Taiwan (Liou et al. 2017). The colony size averaged 13.49 cm in diameter (n=29), and the range was between 3.3 to 27 cm, similar to the holotype described from Chaishan (Lin et al. 2012). A third location with a massive colony of P. chaishanensis (Fig. 1B), 110 cm long and 80 cm wide, was discovered at the southern Datan CCA reef (N25.03898°, E121.04770°). This colony and other smaller colonies nearby lie on a CCA platform surrounded by sand at 200 cm below average sea level, and are exposed to cold air (12°C) around sunrise during the annual spring low tide in winter. Exposure to high wave stress and occasional exposure to low air temperature, combined with competition for space from CCA (Fig. 1C) suggests that P. chaishanensis might be adapted to highlydisturbed natural environments. However, large-scale anthropogenic disturbance, such as recent approval of an environmental impact assessment for the planned construction of a liquefied natural gas receiving terminal (Chen et al. 2019) not only threatens the unique ecosystem of the CCA reefs (Liou et al. 2017), but also raises great concerns over the future survival of those endangered and giant P. chaishanensis colonies.
Polycyathus chaishanensis Lin, Kitahara, Tachikawa, Keshavmurthy & Chen, 2012是1990年首次在台湾高雄柴山的一个潮汐池(深度<3 m)中发现的现存石竹类生物(Lin et al. 2012)。由于其稀缺性和易受人为干扰的脆弱性，即沿海开发和纯型地区的污染，被台湾野生动物法(COA 2017)列为高度濒危物种。值得注意的是，在最近对台湾桃园独特的甲壳珊瑚藻(CCA)礁进行的生物多样性调查中，发现了第二种群P. chaishanensis(图1A)，位于平均海平面以下150-170厘米，在每月退潮期间暴露在空气中(Liou et al. 2017)。菌落直径平均为13.49 cm (n=29)，范围在3.3 ~ 27 cm之间，与柴山(Lin et al. 2012)描述的整型相似。在大丹CCA礁南部(N25.03898°，E121.04770°)发现了P. chaishanensis的第三个大规模群落(图1B)，长110 cm，宽80 cm。这个群落和附近其他较小的群落位于低于平均海平面200厘米的被沙子包围的CCA平台上，在每年冬季春季退潮时日出左右暴露在冷空气中(12°C)。暴露于高波应力和偶尔暴露于低气温，再加上CCA对空间的竞争(图1C)表明，P. chaishanensis可能适应高度扰动的自然环境。然而，大规模的人为干扰，如最近批准的液化天然气接收站计划建设的环境影响评估(Chen et al. 2019)，不仅威胁到CCA珊瑚礁独特的生态系统(Liou et al. 2017)，而且引起了对濒危和巨型柴山p.c haishanensis群落未来生存的极大关注。
{"title":"Lonely giant on the sand: unexpected massive Taiwanese coral, Polycyathus chaishanensis in the Datan algal reef demands a conservation focus","authors":"C. Kuo, Aichi Chung, S. Keshavmurthy, Ya-yi Huang, Sung-Yin Yang, Chaolun Allen Chen","doi":"10.3755/galaxea.21.1_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.21.1_11","url":null,"abstract":"Polycyathus chaishanensis Lin, Kitahara, Tachikawa, Keshavmurthy & Chen, 2012 is an extant caryophyllid first observed in 1990 in a single tidal pool (<3 m in depth) containing less than 50 small individual colonies at Chaishan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (Lin et al. 2012). Due to its rarity and vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances, namely coastal development and pollution at the holotype locality, it is listed as a highly-endangered species by the Taiwan Wildlife Act (COA 2017). Remarkably, a second population of P. chaishanensis (Fig. 1A), located at 150-170 cm below average sea level and exposed to air during the monthly low tide, was discovered during a recent biodiversity survey of the unique crustose coralline algal (CCA) reef in Taoyuan, Taiwan (Liou et al. 2017). The colony size averaged 13.49 cm in diameter (n=29), and the range was between 3.3 to 27 cm, similar to the holotype described from Chaishan (Lin et al. 2012). A third location with a massive colony of P. chaishanensis (Fig. 1B), 110 cm long and 80 cm wide, was discovered at the southern Datan CCA reef (N25.03898°, E121.04770°). This colony and other smaller colonies nearby lie on a CCA platform surrounded by sand at 200 cm below average sea level, and are exposed to cold air (12°C) around sunrise during the annual spring low tide in winter. Exposure to high wave stress and occasional exposure to low air temperature, combined with competition for space from CCA (Fig. 1C) suggests that P. chaishanensis might be adapted to highlydisturbed natural environments. However, large-scale anthropogenic disturbance, such as recent approval of an environmental impact assessment for the planned construction of a liquefied natural gas receiving terminal (Chen et al. 2019) not only threatens the unique ecosystem of the CCA reefs (Liou et al. 2017), but also raises great concerns over the future survival of those endangered and giant P. chaishanensis colonies.","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125270201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we histologically investigated the late stage of oogenesis, spermatogenesis, and pseudo-egg development processes of the pseudo-dioecious coral Galaxea fascicularis to form a base from which to elucidate the mechanisms of coral sexual reproduction. This coral has a large egg size and individual polyps, which are suitable for studying the mechanism of sexual reproduction . The histological analysis revealed that germinal vesicle breakdown of this coral begins 3 days before spawning in both female oocytes and male pseudo-oocytes. Spermatogonium, spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperm were observed in the male testicular lobules from 2 months to 1 day before spawning. The findings of our study might allow for the elucidation of the mechanisms of sexual reproduction in this species and facilitate the development of methods for its aquaculture.
{"title":"A precise comparison of developmental series of oocyte growth and oocyte maturation between real-oocytes and pseudo-oocytes in the coral Galaxea fascicularis","authors":"R. Suwa, Masaru Nakamura","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.20.1_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.20.1_1","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we histologically investigated the late stage of oogenesis, spermatogenesis, and pseudo-egg development processes of the pseudo-dioecious coral Galaxea fascicularis to form a base from which to elucidate the mechanisms of coral sexual reproduction. This coral has a large egg size and individual polyps, which are suitable for studying the mechanism of sexual reproduction . The histological analysis revealed that germinal vesicle breakdown of this coral begins 3 days before spawning in both female oocytes and male pseudo-oocytes. Spermatogonium, spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperm were observed in the male testicular lobules from 2 months to 1 day before spawning. The findings of our study might allow for the elucidation of the mechanisms of sexual reproduction in this species and facilitate the development of methods for its aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125534244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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