Kanna Sato, B. Casareto, Yoshimi Suzuki, S. Kodani
Most scleractinian corals build coral reef comu nities with other corals and microorganisms such as bac teria, including pathogenic species. The existence of a chemical defense system to prevent bacterial infection has been suggested by several researchers. We conducted anti bacterial screening of MeOH extracts from scle rac tinian coral tissues collected in Okinawa, Japan using 2 strains of grampositive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and 4 strains of gramnegative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Vibrio harveyi). All 24 scler actinian coral samples had antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Extracts of Montipora digitata and M. informis possessed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis. Isolation and identification of antibacterial prin ciples from Montipora digitata was performed using NMR and MS spectra. Antibacterial compounds were identified as known polyacetylene carboxylic acids, mon tiporic acids A and C. Partial separation was performed on the tissue of Acropora pulchra and the antibacterial ac tivity was found in hydrophilic fraction.
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of scleractinian corals in Okinawa, Japan","authors":"Kanna Sato, B. Casareto, Yoshimi Suzuki, S. Kodani","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.15.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.15.19","url":null,"abstract":"Most scleractinian corals build coral reef comu nities with other corals and microorganisms such as bac teria, including pathogenic species. The existence of a chemical defense system to prevent bacterial infection has been suggested by several researchers. We conducted anti bacterial screening of MeOH extracts from scle rac tinian coral tissues collected in Okinawa, Japan using 2 strains of grampositive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and 4 strains of gramnegative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Vibrio harveyi). All 24 scler actinian coral samples had antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Extracts of Montipora digitata and M. informis possessed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis. Isolation and identification of antibacterial prin ciples from Montipora digitata was performed using NMR and MS spectra. Antibacterial compounds were identified as known polyacetylene carboxylic acids, mon tiporic acids A and C. Partial separation was performed on the tissue of Acropora pulchra and the antibacterial ac tivity was found in hydrophilic fraction.","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115855010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The South China Sea coast of Brunei is located near the edge of the Sunda shelf with deep water offshore and very few islands, but numerous submerged bank reefs on the shelf. The inshore coastal waters of this part of northwest Borneo, like much of the shallow Sunda shelf waters of the rest of this large island, are affected by high river runoff and associated plumes of suspended parti culates. Consequently nearshore waters are characterized by soft sediments, an inshore turbid zone and very few natural reef coral formations. However, at the fringe of Brunei Bay, human intervention in the form of marine engineering works to create a channel access to Muara port has provided a rock bund substratum that, at one partly wavesheltered location, has permitted the de velopment of a high cover of a wide range of hard coral colonies. These corals exist in a normal salinity environ ment (min. 30.3 ppt); apparently the rocky bund protects them from the direct influence of the estuarine plume that emanates from the harbour channel. However, this coral community has colonized, persisted and grown under a high sedimentation regime >70 mg cm day, a rate of sedimentation that is comparable to that reported else where for sedimenttolerant Scleractinia but which is considered high for Acropora species. This artificial coral community is of interest in the context of natural reef coral communities near estuaries and, additionally, this particular site has a potentially high bio monitoring value given present and planned land use changes in the hin terland of Brunei Bay.
{"title":"Reef corals in a high sedimentation environment on the 'Mainland' coast of Brunei, Northwest Borneo","authors":"D. Lane, Geraldine P.C. Lim","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.15.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.15.166","url":null,"abstract":"The South China Sea coast of Brunei is located near the edge of the Sunda shelf with deep water offshore and very few islands, but numerous submerged bank reefs on the shelf. The inshore coastal waters of this part of northwest Borneo, like much of the shallow Sunda shelf waters of the rest of this large island, are affected by high river runoff and associated plumes of suspended parti culates. Consequently nearshore waters are characterized by soft sediments, an inshore turbid zone and very few natural reef coral formations. However, at the fringe of Brunei Bay, human intervention in the form of marine engineering works to create a channel access to Muara port has provided a rock bund substratum that, at one partly wavesheltered location, has permitted the de velopment of a high cover of a wide range of hard coral colonies. These corals exist in a normal salinity environ ment (min. 30.3 ppt); apparently the rocky bund protects them from the direct influence of the estuarine plume that emanates from the harbour channel. However, this coral community has colonized, persisted and grown under a high sedimentation regime >70 mg cm day, a rate of sedimentation that is comparable to that reported else where for sedimenttolerant Scleractinia but which is considered high for Acropora species. This artificial coral community is of interest in the context of natural reef coral communities near estuaries and, additionally, this particular site has a potentially high bio monitoring value given present and planned land use changes in the hin terland of Brunei Bay.","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116080554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coral larvae and juveniles often exhibit green fluorescence due to green fluorescence proteins (GFP). Ontogenetic changes in the distribution pattern of green fluorescence in coral are not fully understood. We investigated changes in the intensity and distribution pattern of green fluorescence of the corals Acropora tenuis, Pocillopora damicornis, and Isopora palifera during early developmental stages. Green fluorescence distribution in larvae differed among the three species studied and changed after the larvae metamorphosed into primary polyps. Green fluorescence distributed mainly in the epidermis of P. damicornis and I. palifera larvae but in the gastrodermis in A. tenuis larvae. In P. damicornis and A. tenuis primary polyps, green fluorescence was present around the oral opening and in a ring structure below the tentacular ring. Green fluorescence was also present on the tips of the tentacles of P. damicornis and I. palifera primary polyps. Furthermore, green fluorescence intensity in A. tenuis primary polyps increased significantly after inoculation of symbionts, irrespective of the success of symbiont acquisition. In I. palifera, the fluorescence in tensity decreased and, in some cases, disappeared after the acquisition of symbionts. Moreover, bleaching stress increased green fluorescence in P. damicornis juveniles. The present observations suggest that green fluorescence intensity in juvenile corals is influenced by the presence or acquisition of symbiont cells as well as by stressful conditions. This study also suggests that GFP might have different functions among coral species and at different developmental stages of the corals.
{"title":"Developmental changes in the intensity and distribution pattern of green fluorescence in coral larvae and juveniles","authors":"D. Haryanti, M. Hidaka","doi":"10.3755/galaxea.21.1_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.21.1_13","url":null,"abstract":"Coral larvae and juveniles often exhibit green fluorescence due to green fluorescence proteins (GFP). Ontogenetic changes in the distribution pattern of green fluorescence in coral are not fully understood. We investigated changes in the intensity and distribution pattern of green fluorescence of the corals Acropora tenuis, Pocillopora damicornis, and Isopora palifera during early developmental stages. Green fluorescence distribution in larvae differed among the three species studied and changed after the larvae metamorphosed into primary polyps. Green fluorescence distributed mainly in the epidermis of P. damicornis and I. palifera larvae but in the gastrodermis in A. tenuis larvae. In P. damicornis and A. tenuis primary polyps, green fluorescence was present around the oral opening and in a ring structure below the tentacular ring. Green fluorescence was also present on the tips of the tentacles of P. damicornis and I. palifera primary polyps. Furthermore, green fluorescence intensity in A. tenuis primary polyps increased significantly after inoculation of symbionts, irrespective of the success of symbiont acquisition. In I. palifera, the fluorescence in tensity decreased and, in some cases, disappeared after the acquisition of symbionts. Moreover, bleaching stress increased green fluorescence in P. damicornis juveniles. The present observations suggest that green fluorescence intensity in juvenile corals is influenced by the presence or acquisition of symbiont cells as well as by stressful conditions. This study also suggests that GFP might have different functions among coral species and at different developmental stages of the corals.","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123420877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A hanging life of acroporids in success after COT outbreaks","authors":"M. Hatta","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.11.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.11.33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121066826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planula larvae of acroporids reveal strong autofluorescence all over the body after treatment with aldehyde fixatives (Fig. 1A), but live planulae of Acropora tenuis show different autofluorescence. Green fluorescence by B-excitation revealed typical bipolar neurons with varicosities along axons (Fig. 1B), even though these neurons were only seen in small numbers of planulae, and only sparsely. In contrast, red fluorescence by G-excitation revealed numerous rod-like structures dotted in the ectodermal layer over the whole body (Fig. 1C-E) of all planulae so far observed (more than 30 individuals). These signals resemble the cell body of neurons visualized by immunohistochemistry targeting a neuropeptide Live autofluorescence in planulae of Acropora tenuis
{"title":"Live autofluorescence in planulae of Acropora tenuis","authors":"Eiji Fujiwara, Kana Matsushima, M. Hatta","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.14.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.14.61","url":null,"abstract":"Planula larvae of acroporids reveal strong autofluorescence all over the body after treatment with aldehyde fixatives (Fig. 1A), but live planulae of Acropora tenuis show different autofluorescence. Green fluorescence by B-excitation revealed typical bipolar neurons with varicosities along axons (Fig. 1B), even though these neurons were only seen in small numbers of planulae, and only sparsely. In contrast, red fluorescence by G-excitation revealed numerous rod-like structures dotted in the ectodermal layer over the whole body (Fig. 1C-E) of all planulae so far observed (more than 30 individuals). These signals resemble the cell body of neurons visualized by immunohistochemistry targeting a neuropeptide Live autofluorescence in planulae of Acropora tenuis","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122860991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Roa-Quiaoit, F. T. Quimpo, Camillia J. Bollozos, G. Cuaresma, H. G. Bangi
This paper provides preliminary notes on the vulnerability of selected Tripneustes gratilla populations in the Philippines to climate-induced increase storminess. Typhoons in the Philippines are frequent in the north and less in the south. The abundance and size structure of T. gratilla were gathered over nineteen months (July 2009 January 2011) in three sites across the storminess gradient, from northernmost (Ilocos Norte), mid-southern (Zam-boanga del Norte) and southernmost (Davao del Sur). The different scenarios of vulnerability to climate change were based on their exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The high exposure to storms in the northern site puts the population of T. gratilla vulnerable to climate change with its low density (6 individuals/100 m 2 ), less juveniles (0.4 individuals/100 m 2 ) and narrow reef habitat. These lower their adaptive capacity because of weak support to natural resilience (e.g., poor recruitment). The southern sites, less expose to storms, are less vulnerable and sensitive with its higher abundance (15 individuals/100 m 2 Murcielagos Bay and 42 individuals/ 100 m 2 Sta. Cruz), more juveniles (12 individuals/100 m 2 in Murcielagos and 14 indivi-duals/100 m 2 Sta. Cruz) and extensive reef habitats that support natural resilience (e.g. good recruitment) and in-creases their adaptive capacities although active fisheries and overexploitation is seen as the controlling factor. There is a need for adaptive measures more to increase its natural resilience (e.g., marine protected areas) to both natural and man-made disturbances.
本文提供了关于菲律宾选定的沙蚤种群对气候引起的风暴增加的脆弱性的初步说明。菲律宾的台风在北部频繁，而在南部较少。在19个月内(2009年7月至2011年1月)，从最北端(北伊洛科斯)、中南部(北Zam-boanga del Norte)和最南端(南达沃)的三个地点收集了T. gratilla的丰度和大小结构。不同的气候变化脆弱性情景是基于它们的暴露程度、敏感性和适应能力。北部站点的高暴露于风暴中，使得黄颡鱼种群密度低(6只/100 m 2)，幼鱼数量少(0.4只/100 m 2)，生境狭窄，易受气候变化的影响。由于对自然恢复力的支持较弱(例如，招募不良)，这些因素降低了它们的适应能力。南部站点受风暴影响较小，其丰度较高(Murcielagos Bay /100 m 2 15只，Sta /100 m 2 42只)，易受伤害和敏感程度较低。Murcielagos为12只/100平方米，Sta为14只/100平方米。克鲁兹)和广泛的珊瑚礁栖息地支持自然恢复力(例如良好的招募)，并增加其适应能力，尽管活跃的渔业和过度开发被视为控制因素。有必要采取适应性措施，更多地提高其对自然和人为干扰的自然复原力(例如海洋保护区)。
{"title":"Preliminary notes on the vulnerability of Tripneustes gratilla from increase storminess across the Philippines","authors":"H. Roa-Quiaoit, F. T. Quimpo, Camillia J. Bollozos, G. Cuaresma, H. G. Bangi","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.15.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.15.138","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides preliminary notes on the vulnerability of selected Tripneustes gratilla populations in the Philippines to climate-induced increase storminess. Typhoons in the Philippines are frequent in the north and less in the south. The abundance and size structure of T. gratilla were gathered over nineteen months (July 2009 January 2011) in three sites across the storminess gradient, from northernmost (Ilocos Norte), mid-southern (Zam-boanga del Norte) and southernmost (Davao del Sur). The different scenarios of vulnerability to climate change were based on their exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The high exposure to storms in the northern site puts the population of T. gratilla vulnerable to climate change with its low density (6 individuals/100 m 2 ), less juveniles (0.4 individuals/100 m 2 ) and narrow reef habitat. These lower their adaptive capacity because of weak support to natural resilience (e.g., poor recruitment). The southern sites, less expose to storms, are less vulnerable and sensitive with its higher abundance (15 individuals/100 m 2 Murcielagos Bay and 42 individuals/ 100 m 2 Sta. Cruz), more juveniles (12 individuals/100 m 2 in Murcielagos and 14 indivi-duals/100 m 2 Sta. Cruz) and extensive reef habitats that support natural resilience (e.g. good recruitment) and in-creases their adaptive capacities although active fisheries and overexploitation is seen as the controlling factor. There is a need for adaptive measures more to increase its natural resilience (e.g., marine protected areas) to both natural and man-made disturbances.","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124000449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle Baird, C. Nañola, M. J. Pérez, Wilman C. Pollisco
One policy approach that has proved effective in managing bay wide fisheries resource projects else where is the Unified Fisheries Ordinance. The imple men tation potential of this approach was tested in the province of Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines through interLGU collaboration and joint enforcement to protect common marine ecosystems. The formulation process involved the use of governance principles i.e. functionality, trans pa rency, accountability and participatory to address issues involving commercial fishing, vessels fishing within mu nicipal waters, illegal and destructive fishing and excessive fishing. The paper aims to a) document the process of crafting a unified fisheries ordinance, b) to demonstrate its implementation and c) present the benefits gained by local government units in implementing the said policy. A series of participatory and consultative workshops were con ducted to engage 13 coastal municipalities, the province and other national agencies. Provisions and prohibitions which were agreed for inclusion into the unified ordinance were: a) color coding of boats; b) registry of fishers c) registry of fishing vessels; d) permits and licensing; e) zoning of coastal waters; f) incentives and rewards for enforcers; and g) a list of prohibited acts and penalties. Throughout the implementation phase, improvements observed include: a) the decline of illegal fishing activities within municipal waters; b) increase in compliance to the registration requirements for fishers, boats and fishing gear and c) revenue generated for the local government units (LGUs). The major outcomes during the implemen tation were the development of alliances and networks among stakeholders within the bay to strengthen enforce ment activities and increase compliance of the coastal communities in the observance of the policy or ordinance.
{"title":"Unified fisheries ordinance: a policy approach towards bay wide fishery management in Sibugay Province, the Philippines","authors":"Michelle Baird, C. Nañola, M. J. Pérez, Wilman C. Pollisco","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.15.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.15.400","url":null,"abstract":"One policy approach that has proved effective in managing bay wide fisheries resource projects else where is the Unified Fisheries Ordinance. The imple men tation potential of this approach was tested in the province of Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines through interLGU collaboration and joint enforcement to protect common marine ecosystems. The formulation process involved the use of governance principles i.e. functionality, trans pa rency, accountability and participatory to address issues involving commercial fishing, vessels fishing within mu nicipal waters, illegal and destructive fishing and excessive fishing. The paper aims to a) document the process of crafting a unified fisheries ordinance, b) to demonstrate its implementation and c) present the benefits gained by local government units in implementing the said policy. A series of participatory and consultative workshops were con ducted to engage 13 coastal municipalities, the province and other national agencies. Provisions and prohibitions which were agreed for inclusion into the unified ordinance were: a) color coding of boats; b) registry of fishers c) registry of fishing vessels; d) permits and licensing; e) zoning of coastal waters; f) incentives and rewards for enforcers; and g) a list of prohibited acts and penalties. Throughout the implementation phase, improvements observed include: a) the decline of illegal fishing activities within municipal waters; b) increase in compliance to the registration requirements for fishers, boats and fishing gear and c) revenue generated for the local government units (LGUs). The major outcomes during the implemen tation were the development of alliances and networks among stakeholders within the bay to strengthen enforce ment activities and increase compliance of the coastal communities in the observance of the policy or ordinance.","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124261858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We conducted a survey of coral diseases at two sites at Akajima, Kerama islands, Okinawa, Japan in 2010 and 2011. Diseased colonies recorded in both years were categorized into four types, namely, Black Band Disease (BBD), Skeleton Eroding Band (SEB), Growth Anomalies (GA) and White Syndrome (WS), and BBD on encrusting Montipora spp. was the dominant disease. We therefore focused on the BBD on Montipora spp. and analyzed the distribution of BBD-diseased colonies and the progression of BBD bands. Results revealed that the BBD distribution showed significant small-scale clustering in both years. The progressive band showed four morphological patterns on the same individual, and the composition of band patterns changed throughout the observation periods. The maximum progression rates were approximately 3 to 5 fold greater than the minimum rate at the same sites and times. These results suggest that BBD-diseased colonies at Akajima are aggregated and show different responses to factors related to BBD progression, even at the single-reef scale.
{"title":"Occurrence of coral diseases at Akajima, Okinawa, Japan in 2010 and 2011","authors":"N. Wada, N. Mano, Y. Yanagisawa, Tsukasa Mori","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.19.1_35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.19.1_35","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a survey of coral diseases at two sites at Akajima, Kerama islands, Okinawa, Japan in 2010 and 2011. Diseased colonies recorded in both years were categorized into four types, namely, Black Band Disease (BBD), Skeleton Eroding Band (SEB), Growth Anomalies (GA) and White Syndrome (WS), and BBD on encrusting Montipora spp. was the dominant disease. We therefore focused on the BBD on Montipora spp. and analyzed the distribution of BBD-diseased colonies and the progression of BBD bands. Results revealed that the BBD distribution showed significant small-scale clustering in both years. The progressive band showed four morphological patterns on the same individual, and the composition of band patterns changed throughout the observation periods. The maximum progression rates were approximately 3 to 5 fold greater than the minimum rate at the same sites and times. These results suggest that BBD-diseased colonies at Akajima are aggregated and show different responses to factors related to BBD progression, even at the single-reef scale.","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125137195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.3755/galaxea.g2021_s10o
A. Baird, A. Edwards, J. Guest, S. Harii, M. Hatta, Liam Lachs, Hanaka Mera, F. Sinniger, D. Abrego, Or Ben-Zvi, O. Bronstein, P. Cabaitan, V. Cumbo, G. Eyal, L. Eyal-Shaham, Bar Feldman, J. Figueiredo, Jean‐François Flot, Mila Grinblat, A. Heyward, M. Hidaka, M. Hirose, Akira Iguchi, N. Isomura, R. Kinzie, Seiya Kitanobo, Alyson Kuba, O. Levy, Y. Loya, T. Mezaki, Amin R. Mohamed, M. Morita, S. Nojima, Y. Nozawa, Rian Prasetia, E. Puill-Stephan, C. Ramírez-Portilla, Hanna Rapuano, Y. Rosenberg, Y. Sakai, K. Sakai, T. Shlesinger, T. Terraneo, I. Yakovleva, H. Yamamoto, K. Yamazato
Sesoko Station, Okinawa, has been the site of many significant advances in coral reproductive research and it continues to be a preferred destination for both Japanese and international researchers. Consequently, there are decades of spawning observations, which we present and explore here with the aim of making it easier to predict when species spawn at Sesoko Station. The data include over 700 spawning observations from 87 species of reef-building hermatypic corals. Almost all spawning occurred between dusk and dawn, with most spawning activity concentrated in the 2 to 4 hours after sunset. Some phylogenetic patterns were evident: most Acropora species spawn on or around the 6 full moon after December 21 (the northern hemisphere winter solstice); spawning in common species of merulinids and Porites appears to be concentrated around the 7 full moon and spawning in the fungiids around the 8 and subsequent full moons. The night of peak spawning with respect to the night of the full moon varied considerably among years in common Acropora species, but was dependent on the calendar date of the full moon in May or June. Therefore, despite Journal homepage: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/galaxea/-char/en Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies 24: 1-9(2022) Special issue: Coral reef research in Sesoko Island -50 years anniversary of Sesoko Station, University of the Ryukyus Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies 2 Baird et al.: A coral spawning calendar for Sesoko Station an extended spawning season of over three months and considerable variation in the calendar date of spawning in many species among years, the month and night of spawning are reasonably predictable for many species enhancing the value of Sesoko Station as a site for coral reproductive research.
冲绳的雪子站在珊瑚繁殖研究方面取得了许多重大进展，它仍然是日本和国际研究人员的首选目的地。因此，有几十年的产卵观察，我们在这里展示和探索的目的是使它更容易预测物种何时在Sesoko站产卵。这些数据包括来自87种造礁两性珊瑚的700多个产卵观察。几乎所有的产卵都发生在黄昏和黎明之间，大部分产卵活动集中在日落后的2至4小时。一些系统发育模式是明显的:大多数Acropora物种在12月21日(北半球冬至)之后的6个满月上或前后产卵;在常见种类的牛角鱼和波利特鱼中，产卵似乎集中在满月7前后，而在真菌类中产卵则集中在满月8前后。在常见的鹿角螺物种中，产卵高峰的夜晚与满月的夜晚有很大的不同，但这取决于五月或六月满月的日历日期。因此，尽管期刊首页:http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/galaxea/-char/en Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies 24: 1-9(2022)特刊:濑子岛珊瑚礁研究-濑子岛站50周年，琉球大学Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies 2 Baird et al.:Sesoko Station的珊瑚产卵日历一个延长的产卵季节超过三个月，许多物种的产卵日期在历年中有相当大的变化，对许多物种来说，产卵的月份和夜晚是可以合理预测的，这增强了Sesoko Station作为珊瑚繁殖研究地点的价值。
{"title":"A coral spawning calendar for Sesoko Station, Okinawa, Japan","authors":"A. Baird, A. Edwards, J. Guest, S. Harii, M. Hatta, Liam Lachs, Hanaka Mera, F. Sinniger, D. Abrego, Or Ben-Zvi, O. Bronstein, P. Cabaitan, V. Cumbo, G. Eyal, L. Eyal-Shaham, Bar Feldman, J. Figueiredo, Jean‐François Flot, Mila Grinblat, A. Heyward, M. Hidaka, M. Hirose, Akira Iguchi, N. Isomura, R. Kinzie, Seiya Kitanobo, Alyson Kuba, O. Levy, Y. Loya, T. Mezaki, Amin R. Mohamed, M. Morita, S. Nojima, Y. Nozawa, Rian Prasetia, E. Puill-Stephan, C. Ramírez-Portilla, Hanna Rapuano, Y. Rosenberg, Y. Sakai, K. Sakai, T. Shlesinger, T. Terraneo, I. Yakovleva, H. Yamamoto, K. Yamazato","doi":"10.3755/galaxea.g2021_s10o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/galaxea.g2021_s10o","url":null,"abstract":"Sesoko Station, Okinawa, has been the site of many significant advances in coral reproductive research and it continues to be a preferred destination for both Japanese and international researchers. Consequently, there are decades of spawning observations, which we present and explore here with the aim of making it easier to predict when species spawn at Sesoko Station. The data include over 700 spawning observations from 87 species of reef-building hermatypic corals. Almost all spawning occurred between dusk and dawn, with most spawning activity concentrated in the 2 to 4 hours after sunset. Some phylogenetic patterns were evident: most Acropora species spawn on or around the 6 full moon after December 21 (the northern hemisphere winter solstice); spawning in common species of merulinids and Porites appears to be concentrated around the 7 full moon and spawning in the fungiids around the 8 and subsequent full moons. The night of peak spawning with respect to the night of the full moon varied considerably among years in common Acropora species, but was dependent on the calendar date of the full moon in May or June. Therefore, despite Journal homepage: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/galaxea/-char/en Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies 24: 1-9(2022) Special issue: Coral reef research in Sesoko Island -50 years anniversary of Sesoko Station, University of the Ryukyus Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies 2 Baird et al.: A coral spawning calendar for Sesoko Station an extended spawning season of over three months and considerable variation in the calendar date of spawning in many species among years, the month and night of spawning are reasonably predictable for many species enhancing the value of Sesoko Station as a site for coral reproductive research.","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"9 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126213436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coral reef ecosystems rely on complex networks of mutu alistic associations (Gates and Ainsworth 2011). Some mutu alistic relationships contribute to the survival and protection of young coral recruits, which are critical stages for coral reef community dynamics and resilience. Sym biotic crabs of the genus Tetralia specifically associate with acroporid corals. They are known to be beneficial to juvenile coral stages by providing cleaning (Stewart et al. 2006) and defense services (Rouzé et al. 2014). However, the onset of this coralcrab symbiosis is still unknown. Here, we report for the first time the onset of the coral-crab association in Acropora tenuis . We collected and crossfer tilized eggsperm bundles from A. tenuis on the 20 th June 2008 and reared planula larvae until settlement on precon ditioned tiles at Sesoko Station, Okinawa, Japan. Newly set tled polyps were transplanted to their parental habitat near Sesoko Island on the 2 nd July 2008 and moni tored for presence of exosymbiotic crabs at one, two, four (Fig. 1a), eight (Fig. 1b) and thirteen (Fig. 1c) months after settlement. Symbiotic crabs were not observed until thir teen months, indicating that the onset of the coralcrab mutualistic asso ciation was ini tiated more than eight months after coral settlement. At this time, the inhabited coral hosts were 1.5 - 2.2 cm in diameter (between 53 and 163 polyps per colony), with up to twenty branchlets
珊瑚礁生态系统依赖于相互关联的复杂网络(Gates and Ainsworth 2011)。一些相互关系有助于珊瑚幼体的生存和保护，这是珊瑚礁群落动态和恢复力的关键阶段。四分蟹属的共生蟹，与肢状珊瑚有特殊关系。众所周知，它们通过提供清洁(Stewart et al. 2006)和防御服务(rouz et al. 2014)对幼年珊瑚阶段有益。然而，这种珊瑚蟹共生的起源仍然是未知的。在这里，我们首次报道了在Acropora tenuis中珊瑚-螃蟹协会的发生。2008年6月20日，我们在日本冲绳县雪子谷站采集了梭子鱼受精卵束并进行了杂交，将梭子鱼幼虫饲养在预处理过的地砖上直至沉降。2008年7月2日，将新定居的珊瑚虫移植到Sesoko岛附近的亲本栖息地，并在定居后1、2、4(图1a)、8(图1b)和13(图1c)个月监测外生共生蟹的存在。共生蟹直到13个月才被观察到，这表明珊瑚-蟹共生关系的开始是在珊瑚定居8个多月后开始的。此时，栖息的珊瑚宿主直径为1.5 - 2.2厘米(每个群落有53 - 163个珊瑚虫)，有多达20个小枝
{"title":"Onset of symbiosis between Tetralia crabs and Acropora corals revealing the smallest host habitat size","authors":"H. Rouzé, F. Sinniger, S. Harii","doi":"10.3755/GALAXEA.21.1_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3755/GALAXEA.21.1_1","url":null,"abstract":"Coral reef ecosystems rely on complex networks of mutu alistic associations (Gates and Ainsworth 2011). Some mutu alistic relationships contribute to the survival and protection of young coral recruits, which are critical stages for coral reef community dynamics and resilience. Sym biotic crabs of the genus Tetralia specifically associate with acroporid corals. They are known to be beneficial to juvenile coral stages by providing cleaning (Stewart et al. 2006) and defense services (Rouzé et al. 2014). However, the onset of this coralcrab symbiosis is still unknown. Here, we report for the first time the onset of the coral-crab association in Acropora tenuis . We collected and crossfer tilized eggsperm bundles from A. tenuis on the 20 th June 2008 and reared planula larvae until settlement on precon ditioned tiles at Sesoko Station, Okinawa, Japan. Newly set tled polyps were transplanted to their parental habitat near Sesoko Island on the 2 nd July 2008 and moni tored for presence of exosymbiotic crabs at one, two, four (Fig. 1a), eight (Fig. 1b) and thirteen (Fig. 1c) months after settlement. Symbiotic crabs were not observed until thir teen months, indicating that the onset of the coralcrab mutualistic asso ciation was ini tiated more than eight months after coral settlement. At this time, the inhabited coral hosts were 1.5 - 2.2 cm in diameter (between 53 and 163 polyps per colony), with up to twenty branchlets","PeriodicalId":118057,"journal":{"name":"Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126344957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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