European Journal of Cancer Prevention最新文献

Objective: Atypical glandular cells (AGC) in cervical cytology are often ignored, and the malignancy risk associated with AGC remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the histopathology and clinical correlations in patients diagnosed with AGC through cervical cytology.

Methods: This study was retrospectively analyzed 402 patients who diagnosed with AGC using cervical cytology in our hospital between March 2017 and June 2024. Among these, high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) results and histopathological findings within 1-year follow-up were included.

Results: The distribution of AGC subcategories were as follows: atypical endocervical cells (AEC), 13.4%; atypical endometrial cells, 10.9%; AGC, not otherwise specified, 49.8%; AEC, favor neoplastic, 6.7%; AGC, favor neoplastic, 19.2%. Precancerous lesions and malignancies were diagnosed in 58.9% of cases, with endometrial carcinoma being the most common (24.4%), followed by adenocarcinoma (10.0%). A total of 358 patients underwent hrHPV testing, with a positive rate of 35.2%, hrHPV positivity significantly increased the risk of cervical lesions, while endometrial lesions and pelvic malignancies were more common in hrHPV-negative patients.

Conclusion: This study showed that cytological diagnosis of AGC has high predictive value for cervical lesions, endometrial lesions, and pelvic malignancies. A more detailed triage procedure based on the AGC subcategory can reduce the possibility of missed diagnoses of reproductive tract tumors. The combination of hrHPV detection and age can serve as an important basis for the further diagnosis and management of AGC.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant health burden in Europe, but comprehensive studies on this region are limited.

Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021, we analyzed the regional distribution and temporal trends of the CRC and early-onset CRC burden in Europe from 1990 to 2021. Decomposition analysis was applied to quantify the contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes. The research also evaluated major risk factors associated with CRC and early-onset CRC.

Results: The burden of CRC in Europe was found to be higher than the global average. While the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased, both the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) decreased. Early-onset CRC exhibits similar distribution characteristics and patterns of change. Males had a significantly higher CRC burden than females. Population aging was the primary driver of increased burden in Europe. Risk factor analysis revealed that low whole grain intake and high red meat consumption were the primary contributors to the elevated ASMR and ASDR of CRC and early-onset CRC. Additionally, the CRC and early-onset CRC burden associated with high BMI and high fasting plasma glucose showed an increasing trend.

Conclusion: The overall burden of CRC and early-onset CRC in Europe remains higher than the global level, with increasing ASIR and decreasing ASMR and ASDR. Targeted prevention and control strategies should be developed based on the major risk factors for CRC. Older adults and men should be prioritized for interventions.

Monitoring the evolving global and regional burden of kidney cancer attributable to high BMI is vital for informing prevention and healthcare policies. This study aimed to evaluate historical trends in the global and regional burden of kidney cancer attributable to high BMI from 1990 to 2021 and to predict future trends through 2036 for individuals aged 20 years and older. We conducted a retrospective analysis using the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. We analyzed data on mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) linked to kidney cancer from high BMI. Stratifications included sociodemographic index (SDI), region, sex, and age. Temporal trends were assessed using joinpoint regression models, while the relationship between SDI and regional burden was examined. Projections were generated using Bayesian age-period-cohort models. In 2021, high BMI contributed to 19.86% of global kidney cancer deaths (0.032 million) and 19.00% of DALYs (0.782 million), representing an increase since 1990. Globally, age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized disability rate have declined in recent years. However, rates have risen in developing regions such as South Asia and East Asia. Projections indicate stable global rates with slight fluctuations through 2036. The global kidney cancer burden attributable to high BMI shows signs of decline but continues to rise in some developing regions. Addressing this disparity requires strengthening obesity prevention and control strategies tailored to regional needs.

The link between female reproductive factors and pancreatic cancer risk is unclear. This study examined these associations in a large prospective cohort and explored potential modification by genetic susceptibility. We analyzed data from 196 563 women in the UK Biobank using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Stratified analyses were performed by age, smoking status, BMI, and genetic susceptibility (polygenic risk score, dichotomized as low/high), with multiplicative interaction terms testing effect modification. Sensitivity analyses assessed robustness. Over a median 13.68-year follow-up, 624 pancreatic cancer cases occurred. Menopause at ages 47-49 [versus 50-52, hazard ratio: 0.75, 95% confidenc interval (CI): 0.56-0.99] and first live birth at ages 31-35 (versus 26-30, hazard ratio: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.31-0.82) were associated with lower risk, whereas prior hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use (versus never, hazard ratio: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07-1.49) was linked to higher risk. Results were consistent in sensitivity analyses. Genetic susceptibility significantly modified associations for first live birth at ages 31-35 (stronger protection in high genetic risk), three live births (stronger protection in low genetic risk), and bilateral oophorectomy (increased risk in low genetic risk) ( P < 0.05 for interaction). These findings indicate that age at menopause, age at first live birth, and HRT use are associated with pancreatic cancer risk, and that certain reproductive factors - age at first live birth, parity, and bilateral oophorectomy - interact with genetic susceptibility. This provides further evidence for the role of reproductive factors in pancreatic cancer etiology.

Interest in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal cancer screening among high-risk groups like men-who-have-sex-with-men living with HIV (MSMLWH) is high. Yet, the psychosocial impact of screening is not yet clear. We reviewed literature on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) associated with anal precancer screening among MSMLWH to identify current research priorities. In this scoping review, inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed studies of any type published in English since 2000 reporting PROs after anal precancer screening in MSMLWH. A database search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and APA PsycINFO) was conducted in December 2024. Data were extracted independently by two authors using a standardised form. Eleven papers (nine cohorts) met the inclusion criteria, mostly from high-income countries. Participants were generally over 40 and had lived with HIV for greater than or equal to 10 years. All were involved in anal precancer screening studies; none were part of routine screening programmes. Ethnicity data were inconsistently reported. Papers covered four PRO domains: health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychological impact, experience of screening procedures, and physical health. Screening was well-tolerated with minimal psychological or HRQoL impact. Negative impact related to screening procedures did not persist beyond receiving results. Low levels of pain and discomfort (≤11%) were reported. Some reported increased cancer-related worry, especially when further examination was needed. Systematic collection of PROs in this context remains uncommon. Existing evidence suggests screening is generally well tolerated with minimal psychological burden, though some studies note psychosocial effects. Using validated PRO measures can guide targeted support and inform the development of screening programmes that minimise psychological adverse effects.

Over the past three decades, the incidence of kidney cancer has been increasing worldwide. Mortality trends, however, differed over time and across regions, showing downward trends in most high-income countries, but upward trends mainly in Latin America and a few Eastern and Central European countries. We provide updated figures on the epidemiology of kidney cancer worldwide. We analysed mortality data from the WHO in 33 selected countries worldwide from 2000 to 2023 or the latest available year. We computed age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) and evaluated temporal trends with joinpoint regression models. We predicted mortality figures for 2025, using a logarithmic Poisson count data joinpoint regression model. We analysed incidence from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volume XII. In 2020, the highest male ASMRs (5/6 per 100 000) were in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Argentina. Female rates remained below 2/100 000, except in the Czech Republic and Hungary. Mortality declined for both sexes in most countries, except for Latin America. Predictions to 2025 suggest that kidney cancer mortality is expected to decline for both sexes in approximately all countries. The incidence of kidney cancer showed generalised upward trends. We observed differing trends between kidney cancer incidence and mortality. Kidney cancer mortality declined in most countries, likely reflecting reductions in smoking mainly among males, improvements in diagnosis and treatment, and better hypertension control. Incidence of kidney cancer has been rising in most high-income countries, likely reflecting widespread increases in the use of imaging techniques.

Purpose: This study investigates the frequency, progression, and clinical implications of pancreatic findings on chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans performed for lung cancer screening.

Methods: Analyzing data from the I-ELCAP cohort study (February 2010-June 2023), we identified participants with pancreatic findings on LDCT scans, recording demographics and outcomes. Radiologists reviewed baseline and latest LDCT scans.

Results: Out of 9467 participants, 90 (0.9%) had pancreatic findings, mostly male (54.4%), median age 64.7, with smoking (92.2%), alcohol use (41.1%), and diabetes (22%). Of these, 60 (66.7%) were detected on baseline LDCT, primarily as calcifications (73.3%), atrophy/fatty infiltration (18.3%), and duct dilatation (5%). Of the 90 participants, 27 underwent only baseline LDCT. Among the remaining 63, 33 had pancreatic findings on baseline scans, 27 of whom (81.8%) showed consistent findings on follow-up, and 30 developed pancreatic findings during surveillance. Rereview of the baseline scans showed that 68 participants (75.6%) had findings, including eight missed earlier. More cases of atrophy/fatty infiltration and other findings were detected compared to the original report, with calcifications remaining predominant (50 participants). Similar patterns were observed during the rereview of the latest LDCT scans. Two participants with detected lesions underwent biopsy, diagnosing a serous cystadenoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The latter succumbed to pancreatic cancer.

Conclusion: Incidental pancreatic findings were uncommon (0.9%) and included calcifications, atrophy/fatty infiltration, cysts, ductal dilatation, and masses. These findings do not by themselves indicate pancreatic cancer but warrant documentation and, when suspicious, dedicated pancreatic imaging. Radiologist scrutiny could improve detection accuracy, indicating the potential of a LDCT lung cancer screening program for detecting and monitoring pancreatic lesions.

The pervasive spread of microplastics (MPs) in the environment (including air, water, and food) has raised concerns regarding human health. These pollutants have been detected in various human tissues such as lungs, colon, blood, placenta, tumors, and body fluids. MPs may act as vectors for toxic and carcinogenic substances, including heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. They can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and genotoxicity, thereby altering cellular and metabolic processes, mechanisms implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Recent studies highlight the presence of MPs in human tumor tissues, often at higher concentrations than in adjacent healthy tissues. A relation between MPs exposure and increased risk of colorectal cancer has been observed, where MPs may promote lipid absorption and suppress pyroptosis, contributing to chemoresistance. In the lung, metal-microplastic complexes have been associated with reduced overall survival and disease-specific survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. MPs may influence tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. While oncogenic mechanisms are biologically plausible and supported by experimental studies, no clinical nor epidemiological evidence supporting the causal association between MPs and cancer is available.

Early noninvasive and rapid screening for colorectal cancer critically influences treatment outcomes. Breath testing, as an emerging screening technology, allows for noninvasive and convenient screening for different biomarkers and is a reliable screening method for various diseases. In this study, a meta-analysis of the accuracy and current status of volatile organic compounds present in exhaled breath for colorectal cancer detection was performed. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CNKI were searched for relevant studies. The quality of the studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 criteria, and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 16. The pooled sensitivity is 90% [95% confidence interval (CI), 85-94%], the pooled specificity is 86% (95% CI, 72-93%), the pooled positive likelihood ratio is 6.3 (95% CI, 3.1-12.6), the negative likelihood ratio is 0.11 (95% CI, 0.07-0.17), and the diagnostic odds ratio is 56 (95% CI, 23-133). Summary receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91-0.95). The alteration of specific components of exhaled breath is associated with colorectal cancer development, and the selection of biomarkers and detection instruments influence the diagnostic value. What this paper adds to the literature: this meta-analysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of volatile organic compounds in breath tests for colorectal cancer, highlighting the influence of biomarker selection and detection methods on screening efficacy.

Cryptosporidium spp. is an opportunistic protozoan parasite that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, including those with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigates the prevalence and clinical significance of Cryptosporidium spp. in CRC patients, including both the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. A total of 108 CRC patients and 102 healthy controls were enrolled, and stool, sputum, and saliva samples were analyzed using both microscopy and qPCR methods. Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 13% of CRC patients' stool samples, compared to 2% in the control group, demonstrating a statistically significant difference ( P  = 0.0013). In contrast, there was no significant difference in Cryptosporidium spp. positivity between CRC patients and controls in sputum or saliva samples. Strikingly, one CRC patient had Cryptosporidium spp. in both sputum and saliva samples in addition to stool, suggesting potential secondary pulmonary involvement. The findings highlight the importance of screening for Cryptosporidium spp. in CRC patients, particularly those with respiratory symptoms, advanced-stage disease, or left-sided tumors, to ensure timely diagnosis and management of this opportunistic infection. Further research is needed to clarify the pathogen's role in colorectal carcinogenesis and the implications for patient outcomes.