European Journal of Cancer Prevention最新文献

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of marital status on the survival outcomes of women diagnosed with vaginal cancer, considering the potential role of sociodemographic factors in patient prognosis. Utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, the study included 6046 women with primary vaginal cancer diagnosed between 2000 and 2020. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to balance comparison groups and account for confounding factors. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), with Cox proportional-hazards regression models used for statistical analysis. Married patients exhibited better survival outcomes than their unmarried counterparts [OS: hazard ratio = 1.520, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.430-1.630, P < 0.001; CSS: hazard ratio = 1.380, 95% CI = 1.270-1.490, P < 0.001]. Subgroup analyses stratified by age and race highlighted a significant survival benefit for married individuals, particularly those aged 50-69 years and white patients. After PSM, the widowed subgroup within the unmarried category showed worse survival outcomes (OS: hazard ratio = 1.580, 95% CI = 1.430-1.750, P < 0.001; CSS: hazard ratio = 1.360, 95% CI = 1.200-1.530, P < 0.001). This study demonstrates that marital status serves as an independent prognostic factor for OS and CSS among patients with primary vaginal cancer, which supports that unmarried people need more individualized care strategies.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy in the USA and accounts for more than 1 million deaths worldwide with screening shown to reduce CRC mortality. This meta-analysis analyzed the use of stool DNA for screening average risk, asymptomatic subjects for colorectal cancer and advanced precancerous lesions and compared sDNA to FOBT tests (gFOBT and FIT). Eight studies were included from four different countries with a total of 39 665 subjects. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for sDNA for detecting CRC was 83.3% (95% CI: 60.8-94.2) and 92.4% (95% CI: 90.1-94.1), respectively, compared with FOBT, which had a lower sensitivity at 70.2% (95% CI: 45.5-86.9) but higher specificity 95.7% (95% CI: 95.1-96.2). Further analysis showed improved sensitivity of sDNA to 92.6% when only the studies employing sDNA tests that incorporate hemoglobin immunochemical test were used. Both sDNA and FOBT tests had low sensitivity for detecting advanced precancerous lesions. sDNA tests are sensitive and specific for the detection of CRC but show low sensitivity compared with colonoscopy for the detection of advanced precancerous lesions.

We analyzed the trends in breast cancer (BC) morbidity, prevalence, and mortality among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021. We then used joinpoint regression to further assess BC morbidity and mortality. We screened the morbidity, mortality, and prevalence of BC in Chinese residents (1990-2021) from the Global Burden of Disease. We used age-period-cohort (APC) modeling to assess the effects of age, period, and cohort on BC morbidity and mortality separately. We also used the joinpoint model to characterize trends in BC morbidity and mortality in China. From 1990 to 2021, age-standardized rates of morbidity have risen significantly, whereas mortality has declined. We discovered that the risk of morbidity and death rose with age by using the APC model. We also found that mortality and morbidity roughly continued to increase over time, and finally, we found that the later the birth cohort, the lower the mortality and the higher the morbidity. From 1990 to 2021, the burden of BC disease in China will continue to rise, and the situation of BC prevention and control will remain severe. Therefore, regular imaging and palpation examinations should be performed in the regular population over 40 years of age. When treating patients with BC, healthcare workers should develop individualized treatment plans to further reduce mortality.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a factor in oropharyngeal cancer, but data regarding other head and neck locations are scarce in France. The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of HPV in head and neck cancers at all locations. As a secondary objective, we aimed to investigate the HPV genotypes. We retrospectively included in a tertiary center between 2014 and 2020 mucosal squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck in adult. First outcome was the prevalence of HPV cancer. Secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS) at 2 and 5 years and disease-free survival (DFS). A total of 508 patients were enrolled, resulting in 537 cases of mucous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (n = 29 synchronous carcinomas). Clinical, pathological, and survival data were collected, and a double PCR for HPV with genotyping was performed on most of the samples. The HPV prevalence in the cohort was 28.2%, with HPV 16 being the predominant genotype (87%). However, HPV-positive status did not significantly improve OS at 2 and 5 years or DFS (P = 0.1, P = 0.64, and P = 0.07, respectively). It was also observed that HPV-positive patients had significantly fewer second tumor localizations (P < 0.01). The prevalence of HPV continues to rise, and the complexities surrounding HPV status and its association with clinical outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma highlight the impact of vaccination.

Background: Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a long-term impact on hepatic consequences. A comprehensive evaluation of the global burden of HCV-related health outcomes can help to develop a global HCV prevention and treatment program.

Methods: We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study to comprehensively investigate burden and temporal trends in incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of HCV-related diseases, including liver cancer and cirrhosis and other liver diseases across 264 countries and territories from 2010 to 2019.

Results: Globally, there were 152 225 incident cases, 141 811 deaths and approximately 2.9 million DALYs because of HCV-related liver cancer, and 551 668 incident cases, 395 022 deaths and about 12.2 million DALYs because of HCV-related cirrhosis in 2019. Worldwide, during the 2010-2019 period, liver cancer incidence declined, however, there was a 62% increase in cirrhosis incidence. In 2019, the Eastern Mediterranean was the region with the highest rates of incidence and mortality of both liver cancer and cirrhosis. Africa was the region with the fastest-growing trend of incidence of cirrhosis in the 2010-2019 period [annual percentage change (APC) = 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93-2.25], followed by the Western Pacific region (APC = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09-1.22). Americas were the only region observing increased trends in liver cancer and cirrhosis mortality (APC = 0.70 and 0.12, respectively). We identified three patterns of temporal trends of mortality rates of liver cancer and cirrhosis in countries that reported HCV treatment rates.

Conclusion: Urgent measures are required for diagnosis, treatment and research on HCV-related cirrhosis at global, regional and country levels, particularly in Africa, the Western Pacific and the Eastern Mediterranean.

Background: We aimed to study the risk factors of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the Iranian population. Early onset CRC in Iran is a relevant health issue that deserves further epidemiological efforts to be defined and controlled as far as possible. Early age screening of low-tract of the intestine would be particularly useful in families of colorectal cancer patients.

Methods: We analyzed data from a multicenter hospital-based case-control study in Iran (The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer). Sociodemographic and lifestyle information was collected using validated questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regressions estimated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of early-onset CRC in individuals under the age of 50 and potential risk factors, including physical activity, socioeconomic status, body shape at age 15, dietary factors, vitamin D, cigarettes and waterpipe smoking, opium use and family history of CRC. Additionally, a subgroup analysis was conducted for individuals with a very young age of CRC onset (i.e. <35 years).

Results: We analyzed data of 189 developed CRC below age 50 (99 colon and 90 rectum), and 66 patients under the age 35 (13 colon and 21 rectum). Early CRC was inversely associated with vegetables (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38-0.92 for 422-576 g/day) and vitamin D (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26-0.94), and positively associated with red meat intake (OR, 1.80; 1.15-2.83 per 25.65 g/day). Vegetables (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27-0.98 for 576 g/day), red meat (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.11-3.79 for 25.65 g/day), vitamin D (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.86) and opium use (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.01-6.74) were associated with early rectum cancer. Results were heterogeneous by cancer site for high fruit and vegetables intakes and cigarette smoking. Family history was associated with CRC (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.29-10.9) and rectum cancer (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.24-14.4) in subjects younger than 35, and, to a lesser extent, with CRC and rectum cancer before age 50.

Conclusion: Early-onset CRC was related to the intake of vegetables, vitamin D and red meat in Iran. Early-onset rectum cancer was associated with regular opium use. Family history was associated with early CRC and early rectum cancer, particularly below the age of 35.

Objective: Increasing evidence has shown that dietary behaviors are closely correlated with the carcinogenesis and progression of many types of cancer. However, few studies have assessed the global diet-related burden of cancer. This study aimed to estimate the pooled burdens and trends of five types of cancers attributable to dietary behaviors.

Methods: Data regarding cancer attributable to dietary behaviors were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, including the death cases and age-standardized death rates, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) estimated according to diseases, age, sex, the socio-demographic index (SDI) and location.

Results: According to the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, five types of cancer were affected by dietary behaviors: colon and rectum cancer; tracheal, bronchus and lung cancer; stomach cancer; esophageal cancer and breast cancer. Unhealthy dietary behaviors for cancer caused a total of 605.4 thousand deaths and 13951.3 thousand DALYs globally. The burden of cancer attributable to dietary risks was higher for men than for women. The highest age-standardized death rates in 2019 were observed in southern Latin America, and the lowest rates were observed in North Africa and the Middle East. The greatest increases in the age-standardized death rates, from 1990 to 2019, were found in Western Sub-Saharan Africa, with the greatest decreases in Central Asia. The highest attributable proportions of death or DALYs were colon and rectum cancer. The greatest diet-related cancer burden was observed in regions with a high-middle SDI.

Conclusion: Global age-standardized deaths and DALYs rates attributable to diet-related cancer are considerable and cause a substantial burden. Successful population-wide initiatives targeting unhealthy dietary behaviors would reduce this burden.

Objective: The military population may differ from the general population in factors related to bladder and kidney cancers. However, incidence rates of these cancers have not been systematically compared between the two populations. This study compared incidence rates of bladder and kidney cancers between active-duty servicemen and men in the general US population.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Department of Defense's Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Included were 18-59-year-old active-duty servicemen in ACTUR and men in SEER who were diagnosed with malignant bladder and kidney cancers from 1990 to 2013. Age-adjusted rates, incidence rate ratios (IRR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were compared between the two populations by age, race, and cancer stage.

Results: Incidence rates were lower in ACTUR than SEER for bladder cancer overall (IRR = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.48-0.62) and by age (except ages 50-59), race, and tumor stage. For ages 50-59, rates did not differ between the populations. Kidney cancer incidence rates were lower in the military for younger groups and Black men, but higher for ages 50-59.

Conclusion: Lower bladder and kidney cancer incidence in ACTUR, notably in younger men, may be primarily associated with better health and healthcare access. The lack of differences in bladder or kidney cancer incidence among 50-59-year-old men between the populations might result from multifactorial effects, such as the possible effects of cumulative military-related exposures offset by healthier status and better medical care.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) incidence has been decreasing over the last decades; however, there are uncertainties in trends and proportional distribution of the diffuse type.

Methods: GC incidence data were extracted from the population-based Friuli Venezia Giulia Cancer Registry. GC types (diffuse vs. others) were compared in relation to age at diagnosis, calendar years, and sexes.

Results: Between 1995 and 2021, diffuse GC accounted for 10.2% of all GCs. The proportion was greater among individuals aged <45 years, 34.0% in women and 25.7% in men. An increasing proportion over time was observed, in particular in women (from 9.9% in 1995-2000 to 14.10% during 2011-2021). In the last decade (2011-2021), a decreased incidence of all GC was observed, reaching an age-standardized rate (world standard) of 1.4/100,000 for men and 1.2/100,000 for women. Rates of diffuse GC were 0.3/100,000 in younger population.

Conclusion: Although the overall GC incidence is decreasing, the percentage of diffuse GC is increasing in the younger population, particularly in women. Reasons for the increased proportion of diffuse-type GC within younger women remain uncertain, possibly related to the decreased exposure to risk factors for other GC histotypes.