European Journal of Cancer Prevention最新文献

Introduction: We estimated cancer mortality figures for 2026 in five major Asian countries and Australia, with a specific focus on prostate cancer.

Methods: We computed country- and sex-specific annual age-standardized mortality rates (ASRs) for all cancers combined and for the 10 most common cancer sites, using data from the WHO and the United Nations Population Division up to 2022 or the most recent available year. We predicted figures for 2026 and estimated the number of avoided cancer deaths in 1994-2026.

Results: Predicted mortality rates for all cancers combined in 2026 are favourable across all considered countries and in both sexes, with the largest declines expected in the Republic of Korea (-20.5% in males and -10.2% in females compared with 2020-2022). In 2026, the lowest predicted male rate is expected in the Philippines (72.1 per 100 000), and the highest one in Australia (92.3 per 100 000). Among females, the lowest predicted ASR (42.2 per 100 000) is in the Republic of Korea, whereas the highest one (74.1 per 100 000) in the Philippines. Trends are generally favourable for lung, stomach, colorectum, and other major neoplasms considered, except pancreas. Predicted prostate cancer mortality is favourable in all countries and across all age groups. Rates are expected to remain low in Hong Kong SAR, Japan, and the Republic of Korea, with ASRs below 4 per 100 000 males. Since the 1993 observed peak rate, an estimated 132 000 total cancer deaths were avoided in Hong Kong SAR, 75 000 in Israel, 1 366 000 in Japan, 720 000 in the Republic of Korea, 328 000 in Australia, and 102 000 among men in the Philippines.

Conclusions: Declining cancer mortality is predicted in the countries considered. These trends largely reflect smoking cessation along with improvements in prevention, early detection, and treatment. However, substantial geographic disparities persist, highlighting the need for strengthened cancer control strategies, particularly in ageing populations.

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare malignancies with largely unknown etiology; the role of anthropometry and physical activity has been rarely explored.

Methods: We analyzed 2011-2019 data of an Italian, multicenter, hospital-based case-control study including 498 incident, histologically confirmed STS cases and 969 controls. Self-reported height, weight, and physical activity data were collected; hip and waist circumferences were measured in 76% of cases and 61% of controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple-adjusted logistic regression models.

Results: Compared with BMI < 25 kg/m 2 , the ORs for BMI one year prior to diagnosis/interview were 1.05 (95% CI: 0.80-1.37) for 25-29.9 kg/m 2 and 1.28 (95% CI: 0.90-1.83) for ≥30 kg/m 2 . The OR was increased for BMI 25-29.9 kg/m 2 at age 30; no association emerged for BMI at age 50 years. For waist circumference, the ORs were 1.93 (95% CI: 1.38-2.70) for >102 cm in males or >88 cm in females, and 3.54 (95% CI: 2.40-5.22) for the highest versus the lowest tertile. For waist-to-hip ratio, the ORs were 1.18 (95% CI: 0.81-1.71) for the intermediate, and 2.81 (95% CI: 1.95-4.03) for the highest tertile. Subjects reporting ≥5 h/week of total or intermediate/high intensity leisure-time physical activity at age 30-39 years had ORs of 0.63 (95% CI: 0.40-1.00) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.32-1.00), respectively.

Conclusion: These findings show a positive association between abdominal adiposity and STS risk, and an inverse association with regular leisure-time physical activity.

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) represent a major global health burden. While smoking, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus infection are established risk factors, the association between coffee intake and HNC risk remains inconclusive. This study evaluated the relationship between coffee consumption and HNC risk, with consideration of consumption levels and anatomical tumor subsites. A systematic search of four databases was conducted through March 2025. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics, coffee consumption (cups/day), and tumor subsites. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using meta-analytic methods, and analyses were stratified according to coffee intake levels. Thirty studies were included. Stratified analyses adjusted for confounders demonstrated protective effects at 3-4 cups/day [OR: 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-0.99], more than 3 cups/day (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52-0.74), and more than 4 cups/day (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55-0.92), with an overall protective effect against HNC (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.72-0.86, P = 0.0044). Site-specific analyses showed reduced risk for oral cancer (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.63-0.80, P < 0.0001), pharyngeal cancer (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73-0.87, P < 0.0001), and upper aerodigestive tract cancer (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64-0.94, P = 0.0107), particularly among individuals consuming more than 3 cups/day; however, coffee consumption was associated with increased laryngeal cancer risk (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04-1.24, P = 0.0065). Higher coffee intake (≥3 cups/day) may reduce overall HNC risk while demonstrating important site-specific differences.

Objective: Lung cancer remains a highly prevalent and lethal disease, with the majority of tumors identified at advanced stages. Screening with low-dose CT was shown to be effective in reducing mortality through early diagnosis. Administrative data are increasingly utilized in clinical settings and research for identifying metastatic lung cancer, yet their accuracy and limitations require thorough evaluation.

Methods: This study evaluated the use of administrative data to identify lung cancer metastases within the population-based cancer registry (CR) of Reggio Emilia by cross-referencing registry data with administrative hospital discharge records (HDRs). Distant metastases were identified using specific International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision codes, with medical records reviewed to validate and refine the identification process. Standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated and analyzed using joinpoint regression.

Results: Between 2018 and 2021, 1391 lung cancers exhibiting at least one HDR were identified. Of these, 383 (27.5%) cases had distant metastases, 80 (6%) had a second tumor, and 12 (1.5%) had unknown tumor sites. After a manual review of cases with codes 196 (secondary and unspecified malignant neoplasm of lymph nodes) and code 199 (malignant neoplasm without specification of the site), the number of identified metastatic tumors increased to 30.5%. Lung cancer metastases identified by the CR showed an HDR sensitivity equal to 32.6%.

Conclusion: Administrative data, even with manual verification, achieved a positive predictive value of 30.5 for metastatic tumors. The scientific community and policymakers must be aware of these limitations and the need for additional resources to accurately screen to evaluate lung cancer.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factors associated with a higher or lower likelihood of being early diagnosed with melanoma at stage I in Germany.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study utilizes data from the German skin cancer registry (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Onkologie Registry) and included 12 648 patients with a first melanoma diagnosis in 80 hospitals between 1 January 2018 and 30 November 2024. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between demographic and clinical variables and the likelihood of being early diagnosed with stage I melanoma.

Results: This study included 4138 patients with stage I and 8510 patients with stages II-IV melanoma. Factors including older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.61] for age group 71-80 years and 0.54 for age group > 80 years, compared to the age group 18-40 year, male sex (aOR: 0.73), Celtic (aOR: 0.66), mixed (aOR: 0.58), and Mediterranean (aOR: 0.31) skin types, melanomas located on the gluteal region (aOR: 0.35), scalp and neck (aOR: 0.44), lower limb (aOR: 0.51), upper limb (aOR: 0.67), and back (aOR: 0.72) and being single (aOR: 0.81) were negatively associated with an early diagnosis of stage I melanoma. Finally, a positive association was observed between a family history of skin cancer and the likelihood of being diagnosed with stage I melanoma (aOR: 1.50).

Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the demographic and clinical factors associated with early-stage melanoma diagnosis in Germany and underscores the importance of targeted interventions aimed at increasing melanoma awareness.

Breast cancer survivors often face persistent physical and emotional challenges. Evidence suggests that physical exercise and group psychological interventions can improve well-being and illness adjustment. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of a combined intervention delivered in a natural environment. Sixty female breast cancer survivors (Mage = 51.0; SD = 5.5) participated in a 1-week program consisting of daily sailing lessons and group psychological sessions designed to address cancer-related issues. Assessments were conducted 1 week before and 1 week after the intervention using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) to assess quality of life and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Linear mixed-effects models tested changes over time in quality of life and anxiety and whether previous psychotherapy or physical activity influenced these outcomes. FACT-B total scores significantly improved over time (P = 0.004), with gains in physical well-being (P < 0.001), emotional well-being (P < 0.001), and breast cancer-specific concerns (P = 0.018). No changes over time were observed in social or functional well-being. Anxiety levels remained moderate and stable (P = 0.250). Previous psychotherapy and physical activity did not significantly influence changes in quality of life or anxiety. A short-term group intervention combining sailing lessons and psychological sessions in a natural environment may enhance quality of life in breast cancer survivors, particularly in physical and emotional domains. These findings suggest that integrative approaches addressing both physical and psychological health are feasible and warrant further investigation in larger controlled studies.

This study aimed to identify predictive factors for response to neoadjuvant treatment in patients with stage II and III breast cancer. A cross-sectional study evaluated the medical records of 440 patients treated in the Oncology Department of a University Hospital in Brazil between 2007 and 2022. Response to neoadjuvant treatment was classified into three groups: pathological complete response (pCR), partial response, and no response. Predictive factors were analyzed using multinomial regression. Most patients showed partial response (73.9%). Patients aged 39 years or younger were three times more likely to achieve pCR [relative risk (RR) = 3.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.51-6.15]. Conversely, patients with luminal A and B subtypes had a lower likelihood of pCR (RR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.04-0.18). The presence of diabetes (RR = 7.18, 95% CI: 2.43-21.1) and stage IIIB and IIIC (RR = 7.41, 95% CI: 1.48-37.0) increased the risk of no response by at least 7.4-fold. Besides age, molecular subtype, and staging, diabetes was significantly associated with the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, highlighting the importance of elucidating the mechanism by which diabetes may impair the response to neoadjuvant treatment, as well as the importance of prevention and management of diabetes before and during oncologic treatment.

Background: Cervical (CC), ovarian (OC), and uterine (UC) cancers are major contributors to global gynecological cancer (GC) burden. This research intended to update trends in disease burden and care quality for these cancers and quantify cross-country inequalities between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis utilizing the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. Disease burden and care quality were evaluated through age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized years lived with disability rates (ASYR), and quality-of-care index (QCI). Trends were analyzed using estimated annual percentage changes, while absolute and relative cross-country inequalities were quantified using the slope index of inequality and concentration index.

Results: From 1990 to 2021, global ASIR and ASYR for CC and OC declined, whereas UC showed an increase in both rates. Concurrently, a general uptrend in QCI was observed for all three GCs. Across the WHO regions, the European region reported the highest ASIR and ASYR for OC and UC in 2021, and the African region recorded the highest for CC. In both 1990 and 2021, countries/territories with higher socio-demographic index (SDI) experienced a higher ASYR for OC and UC, while CC primarily concentrated in lower SDI countries/territories. Significant healthcare inequalities in age-standardized QCI were observed, with higher SDI countries/territories generally exhibiting better QCI.

Conclusion: Trends in the burden and QCI for gynecological cancers demonstrated significant disparities among WHO regions and 204 countries/territories, with global inequalities persisting. Urgent action is needed to develop geographically tailored strategies for equitable access to high-quality healthcare.

Thyroid cancer incidence has increased globally, with Asia bearing a major burden because of its large population and socioeconomic diversity. This study analyzed age-standardized incidence and mortality rates in Asia in 2022 and projected trends to 2050. This ecological, population-level study analyzed thyroid cancer data from 47 Asian countries using secondary data from the GLOBOCAN 2022. Spearman's correlation examined its association with the Human Development Index, while 2050 projections were derived from demographic trends. In 2022, Asia accounted for 72.7% of global thyroid cancer cases and 61.3% of related deaths, with 596.6 thousand new cases and 29.1 thousand deaths, including 50% of incidence and 25% of mortality in younger individuals. The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were 10.7/100 000 and 0.5/100 000, respectively. Incidence rates rose faster in younger and male individuals. A significant correlation was found between the Human Development Index and cancer rates. South Korea had the highest incidence rate (7.6 per 100 000 males; 39.5 per 100 000 females), while the United Arab Emirates had the highest mortality rate (0.9/100 000 males and 13.9/100 000 females). In contrast, China had the largest absolute numbers of new cases and deaths, with 124.9 thousand new cases and 4.3 thousand deaths in males, and 341.2 thousand new cases and 7.2 thousand deaths in females. By 2050, 747.6 thousand new cases and 58.6 thousand deaths are expected in Asia. Targeted public health strategies addressing socioeconomic disparities, gender-specific risks, and emerging environmental factors may help reduce overdiagnosis and preventable deaths.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the factors affecting women's behaviors toward breast cancer prevention.

Methods: This research, designed as a descriptive cross-sectional study, was conducted with 400 women. Research data were collected using a descriptive personal information form and the scale to measure factors influencing women's breast cancer prevention behaviors (ASSISTS). The forms were transferred to the online platform via Google and published as an online survey. The statistical significance was identified if the P -value was below 0.05.

Results: The highest score on the ASSISTS is 165, and the lowest is 33. As women got older, it was determined that their scores in the scale's attitude ( P  = 0.013), motivation ( P  = 0.011), self-efficacy ( P  = 0.042), and self-care ( P  = 0.017) subdimensions were higher. Women with a high-income level exhibited higher levels of positive behavior than women with medium and low-income levels in the subscales of attitude ( P  = 0.026), motivation ( P  = 0.004), support systems ( P  = 0.041), and stress management ( P  = 0.044).

Conclusion: In the attitude and motivation subscales, women with pregnancy and childbirth experience showed higher levels of positive behavior in breast cancer prevention. Married women had higher ASSISTS scores than single women. Participants' breast cancer prevention behaviors were evaluated as positive. Advanced age, pregnancy, and childbirth experience are factors that affect positive behaviors in breast cancer prevention.