European Journal of Cancer Prevention最新文献

Background: There is currently a shortage of effective diagnostic tools that are used for identifying long-term survival among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. This research utilized the development of a prognostic model to assist clinicians in forecasting the survival over 24 months.

Methods: In Phase III and IV those patients who were diagnosed with EGFR mutation from January 2018 to June 2022 were enrolled into the lung cancer group of Thoracic Surgery Department of Hebei Provincial People's Hospital. Long-run survival was stated as survival for 24 months after being diagnosed. A multivariate prognostic pattern was constructed by means of internal validation and binary logistic regression by bootstrapping. One nomogram was created with a view to boosting the explanation and applicability of the pattern.

Results: A total of 603 patients with EGFR mutation were registered. Elements linked to the whole survival beyond 24 months were age (OR 6.15); female (OR 1.79); functional status (ECOG 0-1) (OR 5.26); Exon 20 insertion mutation deletion (OR 2.08); No central nervous system metastasis (OR 2.66), targeted therapy (OR 0.43); Immunotherapy (OR 0.24). The model has good internal validation.

Conclusion: Seven pretreatment clinicopathological variables predicted survival over 24 months. That pattern owns a great discriminative capability. It is hypothesized that this pattern is capable of assisting in selecting the optimal treatment sequence for NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Tryptophan plays a vital role in cell growth and maintenance as a building block of protein and coordination of organismal responses to environmental and dietary cues. Animal model study showed that dietary tryptophan improved treatment response in those who received chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Limited data are available assessing the association between tryptophan intake and risk of pancreatic cancer. We aimed to evaluate this association in a case-control study in Vietnam.

Methods: We analyzed data from a case-control study, including 3759 cancer cases and 2995 control subjects of whom 37 with pancreatic cancer cases. Tryptophan intake was derived from food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for different levels of tryptophan intake with pancreatic cancer risk.

Results: Overall, tryptophan intake was inversely associated with pancreatic cancer risk in a dose-dependent manner. The ORs and 95% CIs of pancreatic cancer were 0.51 (0.29-0.92) for continuous scale, 0.27 (0.10-0.73) for tertile 2 and 0.34 (0.11-1.06) for tertile 3, compared with tertile 1 (the lowest intake) ( Ptrend = 0.02). In stratified analysis, this inverse association pattern was present among those with BMI < 23 kg/m 2 and ever drinkers.

Conclusion: A diet with a higher intake of tryptophan was significantly associated with a lower incidence of pancreatic cancer among Vietnamese population. These suggest that dietary modification may be an effective strategy for primary prevention of pancreatic cancer development.

Objective: Based on the ultrasonic characteristics of the breast mass and axillary lymph nodes as well as the clinicopathological information, a model was developed for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in cT1 breast cancer, and relevant features associated with axillary lymph node metastasis were identified.

Methods: Our retrospective study included 808 patients with cT1 invasive breast cancer treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital and the Cancer Hospital Affiliated with Harbin Medical University from February 2012 to August 2021 (250 cases in the positive axillary lymph node group and 558 cases in the negative axillary lymph node group). We allocated 564 cases to the training set and 244 cases to the verification set. R software was used to compare clinicopathological data and ultrasonic features between the two groups. Based on the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, a nomogram prediction model was developed and verified for axillary lymph node metastasis of cT1 breast cancer.

Results: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that palpable lymph nodes ( P  = 0.003), tumor location ( P  = 0.010), marginal contour ( P  < 0.001), microcalcification ( P  = 0.010), surrounding tissue invasion ( P  = 0.046), ultrasonic detection of lymph nodes ( P  = 0.001), cortical thickness ( P  < 0.001) and E-cadherin ( P  < 0.001) are independently associated with axillary lymph node metastasis. Using these features, a nomogram was developed for axillary lymph node metastasis. The training set had an area under the curve of 0.869, while the validation set had an area under the curve of 0.820. Based on the calibration curve, the model predicted axillary lymph node metastases were in good agreement with reality ( P  > 0.05). Nomogram's net benefit was good based on decision curve analysis.

Conclusion: The nomogram developed in this study has a high negative predictive value for axillary lymph node metastasis in invasive cT1 breast c ancer. Patients with no axillary lymph node metastases can be accurately screened using this nomogram, potentially allowing this group of patients to avoid invasive surgery.

Objectives: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a broad-spectrum tumor marker for differential diagnosis, monitoring, and response assessment of a variety of malignancies. This meta-analysis was aimed at evaluating whether serum CEA could predict the prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) before and after liver resection (LR).

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were systematically searched to retrieve literature, with a search cutoff date of 27 February 2023. Articles were strictly screened for inclusion according to pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were pooled and analyzed using Stata 16.0.

Results: This meta-analysis included 36 studies involving a total of 11 143 CRCLM patients. The results showed that a high pre-LR serum CEA level was correlated with poor overall survival (OS: HR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.49-1.75, P  < 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (RFS: HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.11-1.45, P  < 0.001) in CRCLM patients. A high post-LR serum CEA level predicted poor overall survival (OS: HR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.10-3.38, P  < 0.001).

Conclusion: High preoperative and postoperative serum CEA levels in patients with CRCLM were significantly associated with poor prognosis, independent of treatment modality, mode of analysis, case origin, and cutoff value classification.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and attitudes toward HPV vaccination (HPVv) among female patients in Poland, investigating the impact of sociodemographic factors on these aspects. The study also explored awareness of state-funded bivalent vaccination and gauged willingness to vaccinate children, especially in the aspect of the newly introduced nonavalent vaccine.

Material and methods: An 11-question questionnaire was administered to newly referred patients at a dysplasia consultation center in Kraków University Hospital between February and December 2022. Statistical analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 evaluated sociodemographic characteristics, HPV knowledge, attitudes toward HPVv and correlations among responses.

Results: By December 2022, 187 completed forms were received, primarily from women aged 30-40 years, residing in large cities, and with higher education qualifications. While most were aware of HPV's association with cancer and abnormal cytology, over 40% were unaware of its asymptomatic nature. Higher education is correlated with better HPV awareness. Participants generally showed positive attitudes toward HPVv for themselves and their children, yet only a small fraction had received the vaccine. Education significantly influenced HPV knowledge, with higher education levels linked to better awareness and willingness to vaccinate children. Awareness of HPV is positively correlated with knowledge test performance and vaccination attitudes.

Conclusion: The study revealed a lack of awareness regarding government co-financing for the bivalent vaccine. Campaigns endorsing reimbursed vaccination were found to be inadequate, highlighting the need for corrective measures to enhance awareness and improve vaccination rates, particularly for individuals outside the age range between 12 and 13 years relying on self-financing or sporadic government initiatives.

Background and aims: Breast cancer is considered one of the most common neoplasms worldwide. Diabetes (DM) increases mortality among postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Our study aims to identify the risk factors of DM-specific mortality and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) mortality in patients with IDC of the breast.

Materials and methods: Data of IDC patients were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1975 to 2016. Independent variables included age, race, marital status, the primary site of IDC, breast subtype, the disease stage, grade, chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Kaplan-Meier, Cox and Binary regression tests were used to analyze the data using SPSS software.

Results: A total of 673 533 IDC patients were analyzed. Of them, 4224 died due to DM and 116 822 died due to IDC. Factors that increase the risk of overall, IDC-specific, and DM-specific mortalities include older age, black race, widowed, uninsured, regional and distant stages, grade II and III, and no treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy or surgery. Additionally, the IDC mortality increased with separated status, all primary sites, all breast subtypes, and stage IV.

Conclusion: In patients with IDC, controlling DM besides cancer is recommended to reduce the mortality risk. Old, black, widowed, uninsured, regional and distant stages, grade II and III, and no treatment are common risk factors for DM- and IDC-mortality.

Background: Universal screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients for Lynch syndrome (LS) through MisMatch Repair (MMR) testing is recommended. BRAF V600E mutation and/or MLH1 promoter methylation (Reflex Testing, RefT)generally rule out LS in MLH1-deficient (dMLH1) patients. We estimated the impact of RefTon genetic counseling (GC) and on the diagnostic yield of genetic testing (GT).

Methods: Overall, 3199 CRC patients were referred to our center between 2011 and 2021. Patients referred until January 2019 (n=2536) underwent universal MMR testing and were termed 'Cohort A'; among patients after February 2019 (n=663), 'Cohort B', RefT was also performed in dMLH1 patients.

Results: Overall, 401/3199 patients (12.5%) were MMR-deficient (dMMR); 312 (77.8%) in cohort A and 89 (22.2%) inB; 346/401 were dMLH1 (86.3%), 262/312 (83.9%) in cohort A and 84/89 (94.3%) in B. In Cohort A, 91/312 (29.1%) dMMR patients were referred to GC, 69/91 (75.8%) were in the dMLH1 group; 57/69 (82.6%) dMLH1 patients underwent GT and 1/57 (1.7%) had LS. In Cohort B, 3/84 dMLH1 patients did not undergo BRAF testing. Three BRAF wt and not hypermethylated of the remaining 81 dMLH1 patients were referred to GC and GT, and one had LS. This diagnostic pathway reduced GC referrals by 96% (78/81) in Cohort B and increased the diagnostic yield of GT by about 20 times.

Conclusion: Our findings support RefT in dMLH1 CRC patients within the LS diagnostic pathway, as it reduces the number of GC sessions needed and increases the diagnostic yield of GT.

Background: Few studies have examined the prevalence of cancer worry in the general and at-risk population. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of cancer worry in a sample of individuals at increased risk of developing hereditary cancer, determine differences in cancer worry by socio-demographic characteristics and assess the relationship between cancer worry and psychological distress.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed with 895 patients. The Cancer Worry Scale (CWS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for psychological distress and sociodemographic characteristics were examined. The multiple linear regression model was developed to explore what variables were predicted for cancer worry. To identify variables associated with higher cancer worry scores, a logistic model was fitted.

Results: In the at-higher-risk sample of hereditary cancer, the mean of CWS was 10.20 (SD: 3.70). The significant predictors for cancer worry were gender, age, previous psychiatric treatment, patients affected by cancer and having children. In the sample, 38% of patients had higher scores on cancer worry, the variables associated were patients affected by cancer compared, women, widow/divorced participants, less than secondary school, patients with previous psychiatric treatment and patients less than 55 years old. Using the HADS cutoff score 29% of the sample showed significant psychological distress, more anxiety (35%) than depressive (22%) symptomatology. Psychological distress showed a higher variability (36%) on cancer worry.

Conclusion: Findings highlighted distinctive profiles in socio-demographic characteristics according to the degree of cancer worry; therefore, genetic counseling should continue to be provided to address cancer worry and relieve psychological distress.

Colorectal adenomas (CRAs) are epithelial lesions of the large bowel that can develop into colorectal cancer. Some studies have shown an inverse association of the Mediterranean diet (MED) with adenoma, but the extent of the association is equivocal. Owing to the lack of meta-analytical evidence in the literature, we sought to assess the association between MED and CRAs by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive systematic literature search of observational studies was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Sciences up to May 2023. Studies were included in our review if they evaluated the association between MED and CRA, following an observational study design. Six studies were included in this study. We found that adherence to MED was inversely associated with CRA risk (odds ratio, 0.79; confidence interval, 0.73-0.85); implying that higher adherence to MED could reduce the risk of CRA by ~21%. Stratification by the year of studies, sex, study design, country and exposure showed a significant association between MED and CRA. The results of the current study provide evidence of an inverse association between adherence to MED and CRAs.

The incidence of digestive malignancies has increased in recent years, including colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic cancer. Advanced stages of these cancers are prone to metastasis, which seriously reduce the standard of living of patients and lead to decline in the survival rate of patients. So far there are no good specific drugs to stop this phenomenon. It is very important and urgent to find new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) is ATP-gated and nonselective ion channel receptor involved in many inflammatory processes and cancer progression. P2X7R is present in many cancer cells and promotes or inhibits cancer development through signal transduction. Studies have presented that P2X7R plays a role in the proliferation and migration of digestive system cancers, such as CRC, HCC and pancreatic cancer. Therefore, P2X7R may serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target for digestive system cancers. This paper describes the structure and function of P2X7R, and mainly reviews the research progress on the role of P2X7R in CRC, HCC and pancreatic cancer.