Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.2.416
Rabiul Islam, M. A. H. Beg, M. Begum, M. Z. U. Rubel, Mst. Mayeeda Parvin
The study was planned to determine the effects of dietary incorporation of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Moringa (Moringa oleifera), and Jute (Corchorus olitorius) leaf powder on production performance, carcass traits, and blood indices of broiler chickens as a substitute for the antibiotic. A total of 200-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were divided randomly into 5 experimental groups. Whereas groups T1, T2, T3, and T4 were offered basal feed supplemented with 2% Neem Leaf Powder (NLP), 2% Moringa Leaf Powder (MLP), 2% Jute Leaf Powder (JLP), and antibiotics, respectively. In this research, the total feed consumption of birds was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the T1 and T2 group than in the T3 and T4 group. Final live weight was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 2% MLP treated group T2 followed by T1, T3, and T0 group. Significantly (P < 0.05) better feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found in the T2 group compared to T0, T3, and T4 groups. There found no significant (P > 0.05) effect of treatments on the survivability percentage of birds. All the treatment groups showed an insignificant (P > 0.05) effect on dressing percentage and organs (liver, heart, and gizzard) weight of broiler chicken. Weight of immune organs (spleen and bursa) and blood parameters (concentration of hemoglobin, glucose, and cholesterol) were not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary addition. Birds fed the lower amount of feed, higher body weight, and improved FCR were found in the 2% MLP treated group. In overall aspects, the effectiveness of 2% MLP addition was better than 2% NLP and 2% JLP as an antibiotic alternative.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Incorporation of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Moringa (Moringa oleifera), and Jute (Corchorus olitorius) Leaf Powder on Production Performance and Blood Indices of Broiler Chickens as a Substitute of Antibiotic","authors":"Rabiul Islam, M. A. H. Beg, M. Begum, M. Z. U. Rubel, Mst. Mayeeda Parvin","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.2.416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.2.416","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study was planned to determine the effects of dietary incorporation of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Moringa (Moringa oleifera), and Jute (Corchorus olitorius) leaf powder on production performance, carcass traits, and blood indices of broiler chickens as a substitute for the antibiotic. A total of 200-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were divided randomly into 5 experimental groups. Whereas groups T1, T2, T3, and T4 were offered basal feed supplemented with 2% Neem Leaf Powder (NLP), 2% Moringa Leaf Powder (MLP), 2% Jute Leaf Powder (JLP), and antibiotics, respectively. In this research, the total feed consumption of birds was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the T1 and T2 group than in the T3 and T4 group. Final live weight was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 2% MLP treated group T2 followed by T1, T3, and T0 group. Significantly (P < 0.05) better feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found in the T2 group compared to T0, T3, and T4 groups. There found no significant (P > 0.05) effect of treatments on the survivability percentage of birds. All the treatment groups showed an insignificant (P > 0.05) effect on dressing percentage and organs (liver, heart, and gizzard) weight of broiler chicken. Weight of immune organs (spleen and bursa) and blood parameters (concentration of hemoglobin, glucose, and cholesterol) were not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary addition. Birds fed the lower amount of feed, higher body weight, and improved FCR were found in the 2% MLP treated group. In overall aspects, the effectiveness of 2% MLP addition was better than 2% NLP and 2% JLP as an antibiotic alternative.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.2.778
Obed Adjei, P. Sasu, Jessica Kukua Baidoo, B. Adjei-Mensah, Gifty Amoakoah Bredu, Theophilus Owusu Ansah, V. ATTOH-KOTOKU, Francis Appiah, Armstrong Donkoh
This study explored the use of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) pulp flour (BFPF) as a filler in meatloaves, partially substituting comminuted pork. Four experimental treatments were formulated: T1 (control) with 0% BFPF, T2 with 5% BFPF, T3 with 10% BFPF, and T4 with 15% BFPF, baking them at 175 °C for 55 minutes. Data on chemical composition, cooking yield, pH, and sensory evaluation were collected. Increasing BFPF levels reduced protein and fat but increased moisture and ash in the meatloaves. Cooking yield significantly improved (p < 0.001), ranging from 751.7 g/kg DM (T1) to 835.3 g/kg DM (T5). The pH remained stable (p = 0.350), and taste preferences showed no significant differences (p = 0.283). The cost of meatloaf decreased linearly with higher BFPF inclusion. Replacing comminuted pork with up to 15% BFPF in meatloaf can improve cooking yield and reduce fat and cost without compromising on pH and sensory attributes.
{"title":"Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Pulp Flour as a Non-Conventional Filler in Comminuted Pork: Effect on Physicochemical, Sensory Attributes and Cost of Meatloaves","authors":"Obed Adjei, P. Sasu, Jessica Kukua Baidoo, B. Adjei-Mensah, Gifty Amoakoah Bredu, Theophilus Owusu Ansah, V. ATTOH-KOTOKU, Francis Appiah, Armstrong Donkoh","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.2.778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.2.778","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study explored the use of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) pulp flour (BFPF) as a filler in meatloaves, partially substituting comminuted pork. Four experimental treatments were formulated: T1 (control) with 0% BFPF, T2 with 5% BFPF, T3 with 10% BFPF, and T4 with 15% BFPF, baking them at 175 °C for 55 minutes. Data on chemical composition, cooking yield, pH, and sensory evaluation were collected. Increasing BFPF levels reduced protein and fat but increased moisture and ash in the meatloaves. Cooking yield significantly improved (p < 0.001), ranging from 751.7 g/kg DM (T1) to 835.3 g/kg DM (T5). The pH remained stable (p = 0.350), and taste preferences showed no significant differences (p = 0.283). The cost of meatloaf decreased linearly with higher BFPF inclusion. Replacing comminuted pork with up to 15% BFPF in meatloaf can improve cooking yield and reduce fat and cost without compromising on pH and sensory attributes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"111 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.2.771
Kana Fukuma, Hiroko Seki
Umeboshi is made by pickling plums in salt. The quality of umeboshi varies depending on the pickling method and additives used. In the present study, we compared the quality of plums pickled in salt, brine, and Ca-supplemented brine. Quality determinants of the pickled plums included hardness, moisture content, pH, Brix value, fruit color, and malic acid, citric acid, and salt concentrations. We also performed a microbiological evaluation of the umeboshi. Additionally, using a questionnaire, we surveyed consumer preferences for umeboshi pickled using different additives. Salt-pickled umeboshi had a high pH and low citric acid content, resulting in a mild flavor, whereas umeboshi pickled in brine had a high malic acid content. After soaking in various salts, the acidity of pickled plums increased. Moreover, umeboshi pickled in Ca-supplemented brine exhibited high L-and a-values. Our results suggest that malic acid contributes to the flavor and appeal of umeboshi and that Ca supplementation in the brine results in bright-colored umeboshi.
梅子是用盐腌制而成的。梅子的质量因腌制方法和使用的添加剂而异。在本研究中，我们比较了用盐、盐水和添加 Ca 的盐水腌制梅子的质量。决定腌制李子质量的因素包括硬度、水分含量、pH 值、Brix 值、果实颜色以及苹果酸、柠檬酸和盐的浓度。我们还对乌梅进行了微生物评估。此外，我们还通过问卷调查消费者对使用不同添加剂腌制的乌梅的偏好。用盐腌制的乌梅 pH 值高、柠檬酸含量低，因此味道清淡，而用盐水腌制的乌梅苹果酸含量高。在各种盐中浸泡后，腌制梅子的酸度增加。此外，用添加 Ca 的盐水腌制的乌梅显示出较高的 L 值和 a 值。我们的研究结果表明，苹果酸有助于提升梅子的风味和吸引力，而在盐水中添加钙则可使梅子颜色鲜艳。
{"title":"Effect of Pickling Methods on the Quality and Flavor of Umeboshi","authors":"Kana Fukuma, Hiroko Seki","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.2.771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.2.771","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Umeboshi is made by pickling plums in salt. The quality of umeboshi varies depending on the pickling method and additives used. In the present study, we compared the quality of plums pickled in salt, brine, and Ca-supplemented brine. Quality determinants of the pickled plums included hardness, moisture content, pH, Brix value, fruit color, and malic acid, citric acid, and salt concentrations. We also performed a microbiological evaluation of the umeboshi. Additionally, using a questionnaire, we surveyed consumer preferences for umeboshi pickled using different additives. Salt-pickled umeboshi had a high pH and low citric acid content, resulting in a mild flavor, whereas umeboshi pickled in brine had a high malic acid content. After soaking in various salts, the acidity of pickled plums increased. Moreover, umeboshi pickled in Ca-supplemented brine exhibited high L-and a-values. Our results suggest that malic acid contributes to the flavor and appeal of umeboshi and that Ca supplementation in the brine results in bright-colored umeboshi.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"17 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.757
S. Appah, Eric Amoah Asante, Christopher Amigangre Ayambire
An induction charging principle had been applied to enhance spray droplet characteristics and quantity deposition on hydrophobic abaxial-adaxial leaf surfaces from pesticide EC Glyphosate [C3H8NO5P] and surfactant Silwet L-77 [C13H34O4Si3] formulations. A nozzle cap containing two electrodes (spacing at 9 mm apart) was used to superpose charges to spray droplets under applied voltages of 2–12 kV in an electric field (E) of 8.9 × 105 V/m. From a tee-jet flat fan (TP11004VS) nozzle tip fitted into the electrode cap and positioned at 60 cm high above targeted Brassica campestris leave surfaces, the spray droplets were directed onto the leaves at a liquid flow pressure of 4 bar and travelling speed of 2 m/s. The measurements were done using Keithsley picoammeter to quantify spray chargeability (CMR), droplet sizes by lesser particle size analyzer (LPSA) and deposition on leaf surfaces by high-speed camera. In effect, droplet sizes of EC, L-77 and EC + L-77 decreased with an increasing applied voltage. The CMR of L-77 was lower than EC and highest for EC + L-77 composite solution. Based on Image analysis of droplets density per leaf area, maximum exposure of adaxial leaf surfaces intercepted many charged spray droplets than abaxial surfaces. As regressed, the quantity of charged spray deposition from EC + L-77 formulation was highest at both adaxial (approx. 27.44 Qd/cm2) and abaxial (approx. 5.57 Qd/cm2) hydrophobic leaf surfaces than EC of 26.12: 3.19 Qd/cm2 and L-77 of 24.80: 2.53 Qd/cm2, respectively. Also, contact angle, Theta E, of charged spray droplets was smaller than Theta C on adaxial than abaxial leave surfaces, a phenomenon attributed to high chemo-electrical properties of formulations that aided the direct flight, coiling and deposition of droplets in order of EC > EC + L-77 > L-77. Generally, there was no observable droplet rebound; hence, surfactant-pesticide composite spraying is considered suitable for electrostatic application in plant protection technology. Therefore, for effective application, charged droplets from glyphosate EC in silwet L-77 solution should be recommended, as it provides optimum droplet sizes, chargeability, contact angle and deposition on hydrophobic leave surfaces.
{"title":"Analogous Charging Effect of Surfactant-Pesticide Spray Jet on Droplet Characteristics and Deposition on Hydrophobic Leaf Surfaces","authors":"S. Appah, Eric Amoah Asante, Christopher Amigangre Ayambire","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.757","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An induction charging principle had been applied to enhance spray droplet characteristics and quantity deposition on hydrophobic abaxial-adaxial leaf surfaces from pesticide EC Glyphosate [C3H8NO5P] and surfactant Silwet L-77 [C13H34O4Si3] formulations. A nozzle cap containing two electrodes (spacing at 9 mm apart) was used to superpose charges to spray droplets under applied voltages of 2–12 kV in an electric field (E) of 8.9 × 105 V/m. From a tee-jet flat fan (TP11004VS) nozzle tip fitted into the electrode cap and positioned at 60 cm high above targeted Brassica campestris leave surfaces, the spray droplets were directed onto the leaves at a liquid flow pressure of 4 bar and travelling speed of 2 m/s. The measurements were done using Keithsley picoammeter to quantify spray chargeability (CMR), droplet sizes by lesser particle size analyzer (LPSA) and deposition on leaf surfaces by high-speed camera. In effect, droplet sizes of EC, L-77 and EC + L-77 decreased with an increasing applied voltage. The CMR of L-77 was lower than EC and highest for EC + L-77 composite solution. Based on Image analysis of droplets density per leaf area, maximum exposure of adaxial leaf surfaces intercepted many charged spray droplets than abaxial surfaces. As regressed, the quantity of charged spray deposition from EC + L-77 formulation was highest at both adaxial (approx. 27.44 Qd/cm2) and abaxial (approx. 5.57 Qd/cm2) hydrophobic leaf surfaces than EC of 26.12: 3.19 Qd/cm2 and L-77 of 24.80: 2.53 Qd/cm2, respectively. Also, contact angle, Theta E, of charged spray droplets was smaller than Theta C on adaxial than abaxial leave surfaces, a phenomenon attributed to high chemo-electrical properties of formulations that aided the direct flight, coiling and deposition of droplets in order of EC > EC + L-77 > L-77. Generally, there was no observable droplet rebound; hence, surfactant-pesticide composite spraying is considered suitable for electrostatic application in plant protection technology. Therefore, for effective application, charged droplets from glyphosate EC in silwet L-77 solution should be recommended, as it provides optimum droplet sizes, chargeability, contact angle and deposition on hydrophobic leave surfaces.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140453240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.774
John Paull
Tunisia reports 279,389 hectares of certified organic agriculture, accounting for 2.87% of the country’s farmland. Most of Tunisia’s organic production is exported. Organic olive oil accounts for 74% of organic exports, and organic dates for 22%. In 2021, Tunisia bid and won the right to host the Organic World Congress (OWC) 2024. After almost half a century of OWCs, the prospective OWS Tunis 2024 was to be the first such event to be held in Africa. It would be an opportunity to showcase Tunisian and African organics, and to provide a welcome impetus to grow the organics sectors of the country and the continent. In 2023, OWS Tunis 2024 was cancelled in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, the loss-making OWC Rennes 2021, and changed economic, political and social circumstances. The African continent is an under-performer in organics; 15 countries report no organics, 28 countries report less than 1% organics and only a single country reports greater than 5% (viz. São Tomé and Principe, 21.2%). Tunisia is an organics leader in Africa. The present paper tracks the stop-start growth of the organics sector of Tunisia over the past two decades.
{"title":"Organic Agriculture in Tunisia, Africa","authors":"John Paull","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.774","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Tunisia reports 279,389 hectares of certified organic agriculture, accounting for 2.87% of the country’s farmland. Most of Tunisia’s organic production is exported. Organic olive oil accounts for 74% of organic exports, and organic dates for 22%. In 2021, Tunisia bid and won the right to host the Organic World Congress (OWC) 2024. After almost half a century of OWCs, the prospective OWS Tunis 2024 was to be the first such event to be held in Africa. It would be an opportunity to showcase Tunisian and African organics, and to provide a welcome impetus to grow the organics sectors of the country and the continent. In 2023, OWS Tunis 2024 was cancelled in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, the loss-making OWC Rennes 2021, and changed economic, political and social circumstances. The African continent is an under-performer in organics; 15 countries report no organics, 28 countries report less than 1% organics and only a single country reports greater than 5% (viz. São Tomé and Principe, 21.2%). Tunisia is an organics leader in Africa. The present paper tracks the stop-start growth of the organics sector of Tunisia over the past two decades.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"401 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140454311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.769
John Paull
Historically, Europe has been the locus of key developments in the founding and growth of organic agriculture. A century ago, in 1924, the Austrian New Age philosopher Dr. Rudolf Steiner called for an agriculture differentiated from the prevailing direction of agriculture and one reliant on natural biological processes rather than synthetic chemicals. The European Union (EU) has set the goal to be of 25% organic by 2030. Organic agriculture presently accounts for 9.6% of EU agriculture (cf. the world figure is 1.6%). For the past two decades, the tally of EU organic agriculture hectares has grown at 6.7% pa to reach 15,639,063 ha (cf. the world total of 76,403,777 ha). At this historic rate of growth (of 6.7% pa), organics will account for 17.5% by 2030 (c. 28.2 m ha), which is well short of the goal. To reach 25% by 2030, the growth rate needs to be ramped up to 10.7% pa growth (and reach a total of 40.6 m ha). About half (n = 15) of the 31 countries committed to the 25% goal, comprising the EU, EEA, and EFTA, have more than 10% organic agriculture. That offers a good foundation on which to build to the goal. The other half (n = 16) each have less than 10% organic agriculture; they offer opportunities for substantial uptake of organics. The EU has a ‘Farm to Fork’ strategy (F2F) with an ‘Action Plan’ comprising three ‘Axes’ and 54 ‘Actions’ to achieve the 25% organic goal by 2030; however, milestones and waypoints are lacking. The EU goal is bold, but not as bold as the 100% organic goals of Sikkim, which has achieved its 100% goal, and Bhutan, which has not and is stalled at 1% organic.
{"title":"Organic Agriculture in Europe: EU Sets Goal of Growing Organic Farmland from 10% to 25% by 2030","authors":"John Paull","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.769","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Historically, Europe has been the locus of key developments in the founding and growth of organic agriculture. A century ago, in 1924, the Austrian New Age philosopher Dr. Rudolf Steiner called for an agriculture differentiated from the prevailing direction of agriculture and one reliant on natural biological processes rather than synthetic chemicals. The European Union (EU) has set the goal to be of 25% organic by 2030. Organic agriculture presently accounts for 9.6% of EU agriculture (cf. the world figure is 1.6%). For the past two decades, the tally of EU organic agriculture hectares has grown at 6.7% pa to reach 15,639,063 ha (cf. the world total of 76,403,777 ha). At this historic rate of growth (of 6.7% pa), organics will account for 17.5% by 2030 (c. 28.2 m ha), which is well short of the goal. To reach 25% by 2030, the growth rate needs to be ramped up to 10.7% pa growth (and reach a total of 40.6 m ha). About half (n = 15) of the 31 countries committed to the 25% goal, comprising the EU, EEA, and EFTA, have more than 10% organic agriculture. That offers a good foundation on which to build to the goal. The other half (n = 16) each have less than 10% organic agriculture; they offer opportunities for substantial uptake of organics. The EU has a ‘Farm to Fork’ strategy (F2F) with an ‘Action Plan’ comprising three ‘Axes’ and 54 ‘Actions’ to achieve the 25% organic goal by 2030; however, milestones and waypoints are lacking. The EU goal is bold, but not as bold as the 100% organic goals of Sikkim, which has achieved its 100% goal, and Bhutan, which has not and is stalled at 1% organic.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"237 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140457796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.595
Chukwunenye Christian Iwuagwu, Agatha Chioma Nwankwegu, Basil Okwudili Ikenwa, D. E. Iheaturu, O. A. Apalowo, M. E. Ejiofor, D. C. Iwu
The investigation was carried out on the effects of fertilizer and cassava variety on agronomic characteristics, yield, and disease incidence of four improved cassava accessions. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research farm of Crop Science and Horticulture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State. It was a 4 × 3 factorial experiment with treatments laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Fertilizer types were NPK 15:15:15 at a rate of 400 kg/ha, poultry manure (PM) at a rate of 50 tons/ha and no application as control. The cassava accessions were TMS539, TMS092, TMS371 and TMS412, obtained from the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Stems were cut to about 15cm and planted at a spacing of 0.5m apart. The parameters measured were the number of root tubers, total number of rot tubers, weight of tuber (kg), stem girth (cm), node per stand, branching interval, internode spacing (cm), number of branching, plant height (cm), age at branching, disease incidence. Normal agronomic practices were carried out. Results showed that all varieties responded to the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Cassava plants that did not receive any fertilizer application (no application) gave the highest number of root tubers (29.7) from TMS412, and the least was from TMS092. The result also showed that there was no significant difference in the effects of fertilizer type on diseases. Results also showed that there was a significant interactive effect of cassava varieties and fertilizer type on branching interval (7.009), Internode spacing (0.6195), number of branching (0.2822), and plant height (17.02) at six months after planting. From the investigation, it could be recommended that for farmers to obtain greater yields with little or no fertilizer application, these cassava accessions should be used, which are characterized by high yield and resistance to disease and pests, as shown from this research.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Four Novel Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Accessions to Different Fertilizer Types in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Chukwunenye Christian Iwuagwu, Agatha Chioma Nwankwegu, Basil Okwudili Ikenwa, D. E. Iheaturu, O. A. Apalowo, M. E. Ejiofor, D. C. Iwu","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.595","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation was carried out on the effects of fertilizer and cassava variety on agronomic characteristics, yield, and disease incidence of four improved cassava accessions. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research farm of Crop Science and Horticulture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State. It was a 4 × 3 factorial experiment with treatments laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Fertilizer types were NPK 15:15:15 at a rate of 400 kg/ha, poultry manure (PM) at a rate of 50 tons/ha and no application as control. The cassava accessions were TMS539, TMS092, TMS371 and TMS412, obtained from the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Stems were cut to about 15cm and planted at a spacing of 0.5m apart. The parameters measured were the number of root tubers, total number of rot tubers, weight of tuber (kg), stem girth (cm), node per stand, branching interval, internode spacing (cm), number of branching, plant height (cm), age at branching, disease incidence. Normal agronomic practices were carried out. Results showed that all varieties responded to the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Cassava plants that did not receive any fertilizer application (no application) gave the highest number of root tubers (29.7) from TMS412, and the least was from TMS092. The result also showed that there was no significant difference in the effects of fertilizer type on diseases. Results also showed that there was a significant interactive effect of cassava varieties and fertilizer type on branching interval (7.009), Internode spacing (0.6195), number of branching (0.2822), and plant height (17.02) at six months after planting. From the investigation, it could be recommended that for farmers to obtain greater yields with little or no fertilizer application, these cassava accessions should be used, which are characterized by high yield and resistance to disease and pests, as shown from this research.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"222 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.595
Chukwunenye Christian Iwuagwu, Agatha Chioma Nwankwegu, Basil Okwudili Ikenwa, D. E. Iheaturu, O. A. Apalowo, M. E. Ejiofor, D. C. Iwu
The investigation was carried out on the effects of fertilizer and cassava variety on agronomic characteristics, yield, and disease incidence of four improved cassava accessions. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research farm of Crop Science and Horticulture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State. It was a 4 × 3 factorial experiment with treatments laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Fertilizer types were NPK 15:15:15 at a rate of 400 kg/ha, poultry manure (PM) at a rate of 50 tons/ha and no application as control. The cassava accessions were TMS539, TMS092, TMS371 and TMS412, obtained from the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Stems were cut to about 15cm and planted at a spacing of 0.5m apart. The parameters measured were the number of root tubers, total number of rot tubers, weight of tuber (kg), stem girth (cm), node per stand, branching interval, internode spacing (cm), number of branching, plant height (cm), age at branching, disease incidence. Normal agronomic practices were carried out. Results showed that all varieties responded to the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Cassava plants that did not receive any fertilizer application (no application) gave the highest number of root tubers (29.7) from TMS412, and the least was from TMS092. The result also showed that there was no significant difference in the effects of fertilizer type on diseases. Results also showed that there was a significant interactive effect of cassava varieties and fertilizer type on branching interval (7.009), Internode spacing (0.6195), number of branching (0.2822), and plant height (17.02) at six months after planting. From the investigation, it could be recommended that for farmers to obtain greater yields with little or no fertilizer application, these cassava accessions should be used, which are characterized by high yield and resistance to disease and pests, as shown from this research.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Four Novel Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Accessions to Different Fertilizer Types in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Chukwunenye Christian Iwuagwu, Agatha Chioma Nwankwegu, Basil Okwudili Ikenwa, D. E. Iheaturu, O. A. Apalowo, M. E. Ejiofor, D. C. Iwu","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.595","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation was carried out on the effects of fertilizer and cassava variety on agronomic characteristics, yield, and disease incidence of four improved cassava accessions. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research farm of Crop Science and Horticulture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State. It was a 4 × 3 factorial experiment with treatments laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Fertilizer types were NPK 15:15:15 at a rate of 400 kg/ha, poultry manure (PM) at a rate of 50 tons/ha and no application as control. The cassava accessions were TMS539, TMS092, TMS371 and TMS412, obtained from the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Stems were cut to about 15cm and planted at a spacing of 0.5m apart. The parameters measured were the number of root tubers, total number of rot tubers, weight of tuber (kg), stem girth (cm), node per stand, branching interval, internode spacing (cm), number of branching, plant height (cm), age at branching, disease incidence. Normal agronomic practices were carried out. Results showed that all varieties responded to the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Cassava plants that did not receive any fertilizer application (no application) gave the highest number of root tubers (29.7) from TMS412, and the least was from TMS092. The result also showed that there was no significant difference in the effects of fertilizer type on diseases. Results also showed that there was a significant interactive effect of cassava varieties and fertilizer type on branching interval (7.009), Internode spacing (0.6195), number of branching (0.2822), and plant height (17.02) at six months after planting. From the investigation, it could be recommended that for farmers to obtain greater yields with little or no fertilizer application, these cassava accessions should be used, which are characterized by high yield and resistance to disease and pests, as shown from this research.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.747
Paul Dawson, Julie Northcutt, A. Buyukyavuz, Belinda Cochran, Thomas McCollough
Three experiments were conducted on the recovery of microorganisms associated with refrigerator water lines. In the first experiment, between 2 and 3 logs CFU/ml were recovered from 100 different refrigerators’ residential water and ice lines. In a second experiment, plastic tubing segments cut from commercial refrigerator waterline systems were inoculated with the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a fungal strain of Aspergillus flavus. Either 0.02% peracetic acid (PAA) exposure for 2 min or 0.03% PAA exposure for 1 min resulted in no recoverable bacteria cells, however, 0.25% PAA contact for 2 min was needed to eliminate detection of fungal cells. The third experiment tested sanitation of a water system inoculated with a mixed culture of P. aeruginosa and A flavus with a water filter cartridge filled with 3.5% PAA. The 3.5% concentration was determined using a computer simulation for mixing during a cleaning cycle that would yield a minimum concentration of at least 0.25% throughout the water system. After loading a water filter cartridge containing 3.5% PAA, allowing water to flow into the system for 15 s, and then allowing the system to sit for 5 min, no viable P. aeruginosa or A flavus cells were recovered up to 10 days after treatment.
{"title":"Assessment and Mitigation of Bacterial and Fungal Contamination in Refrigerator Waterlines","authors":"Paul Dawson, Julie Northcutt, A. Buyukyavuz, Belinda Cochran, Thomas McCollough","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.747","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Three experiments were conducted on the recovery of microorganisms associated with refrigerator water lines. In the first experiment, between 2 and 3 logs CFU/ml were recovered from 100 different refrigerators’ residential water and ice lines. In a second experiment, plastic tubing segments cut from commercial refrigerator waterline systems were inoculated with the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a fungal strain of Aspergillus flavus. Either 0.02% peracetic acid (PAA) exposure for 2 min or 0.03% PAA exposure for 1 min resulted in no recoverable bacteria cells, however, 0.25% PAA contact for 2 min was needed to eliminate detection of fungal cells. The third experiment tested sanitation of a water system inoculated with a mixed culture of P. aeruginosa and A flavus with a water filter cartridge filled with 3.5% PAA. The 3.5% concentration was determined using a computer simulation for mixing during a cleaning cycle that would yield a minimum concentration of at least 0.25% throughout the water system. After loading a water filter cartridge containing 3.5% PAA, allowing water to flow into the system for 15 s, and then allowing the system to sit for 5 min, no viable P. aeruginosa or A flavus cells were recovered up to 10 days after treatment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"150 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140498073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.752
M. E. Abdallh, E. Chang’a, A. Omede, E. U. Ahiwe, Mohamed Al-Qahtani, D. Cadogan, P. Iji
A 3 × 3 factorial study examined the performance, endogenous enzyme activities and apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, including energy, protein, starch, dry matter, amino acids and minerals of birds fed diets containing graded levels of cottonseed meal (CSM) with or without microbial enzymes. Nine iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated mainly from wheat/sorghum/soybean meal. Three levels of CSM none (0%), low (5%, 10%, and 15%) or high (6%, 12%, and 18%) in the starter, grower, and finisher diets, respectively, were included. The diets were supplemented with three levels of a composite xylanase and beta-glucanase product at 0, 100 or 150 mg/kg diet. Each of the nine dietary treatments was randomly assigned to 6 replicates, with 10 birds per replicate. Feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) were recorded on day 10, 24 and 35, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained from the data, while enzyme activities and nutrient digestibility were measured on samples collected on day 10 and 24, and day 24 only, respectively. Feed intake up to day 35 decreased (P < 0.05) significantly with increasing enzyme supplementation. On the CSM-containing diets, enzyme supplementation at 100 or 150 mg/kg improved WG up to day 24, with the heaviest birds (1514 g/b) observed in the low CSM with 100 mg/kg enzyme group. Enzyme supplementation improved (P < 0.01) FCR all through the growth phases and also improved (P < 0.05) ileal crude protein and starch digestibility. High levels of CSM decreased the digestibility of starch, but this was improved (P < 0.05) by enzyme supplementation, showing an interaction between CSM and microbial enzyme on starch digestibility. The digestibility of arginine, glutamic acid and threonine improved with increased CSM inclusion, and that of methionine improved with increased enzyme supplementation. There was an interaction effect (P < 0.01) between CSM and enzyme on magnesium digestibility. Cottonseed meal inclusion improved the digestibility of copper and potassium and reduced the digestibility of phosphorus, while that of calcium and manganese was increased (P < 0.01) with enzyme supplementation. At day 10, lipase activity was increased (P < 0.05) by higher CSM levels, while on day 24, general proteolytic activity was highest (P < 0.05) when 100 mg enzyme was supplemented in the diet. These results indicate that relatively high levels of CSM in diet have no negative effects on the growth and digestive physiology of broiler chickens when supplemented with xylanase and β–glucanase.
{"title":"Endogenous Enzyme Activities, Digestibility of Nutrients and Digestive Physiology as Affected by High Inclusion of Cottonseed Meal in Broiler Chicken Diets","authors":"M. E. Abdallh, E. Chang’a, A. Omede, E. U. Ahiwe, Mohamed Al-Qahtani, D. Cadogan, P. Iji","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2024.6.1.752","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A 3 × 3 factorial study examined the performance, endogenous enzyme activities and apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients, including energy, protein, starch, dry matter, amino acids and minerals of birds fed diets containing graded levels of cottonseed meal (CSM) with or without microbial enzymes. Nine iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated mainly from wheat/sorghum/soybean meal. Three levels of CSM none (0%), low (5%, 10%, and 15%) or high (6%, 12%, and 18%) in the starter, grower, and finisher diets, respectively, were included. The diets were supplemented with three levels of a composite xylanase and beta-glucanase product at 0, 100 or 150 mg/kg diet. Each of the nine dietary treatments was randomly assigned to 6 replicates, with 10 birds per replicate. Feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) were recorded on day 10, 24 and 35, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained from the data, while enzyme activities and nutrient digestibility were measured on samples collected on day 10 and 24, and day 24 only, respectively. Feed intake up to day 35 decreased (P < 0.05) significantly with increasing enzyme supplementation. On the CSM-containing diets, enzyme supplementation at 100 or 150 mg/kg improved WG up to day 24, with the heaviest birds (1514 g/b) observed in the low CSM with 100 mg/kg enzyme group. Enzyme supplementation improved (P < 0.01) FCR all through the growth phases and also improved (P < 0.05) ileal crude protein and starch digestibility. High levels of CSM decreased the digestibility of starch, but this was improved (P < 0.05) by enzyme supplementation, showing an interaction between CSM and microbial enzyme on starch digestibility. The digestibility of arginine, glutamic acid and threonine improved with increased CSM inclusion, and that of methionine improved with increased enzyme supplementation. There was an interaction effect (P < 0.01) between CSM and enzyme on magnesium digestibility. Cottonseed meal inclusion improved the digestibility of copper and potassium and reduced the digestibility of phosphorus, while that of calcium and manganese was increased (P < 0.01) with enzyme supplementation. At day 10, lipase activity was increased (P < 0.05) by higher CSM levels, while on day 24, general proteolytic activity was highest (P < 0.05) when 100 mg enzyme was supplemented in the diet. These results indicate that relatively high levels of CSM in diet have no negative effects on the growth and digestive physiology of broiler chickens when supplemented with xylanase and β–glucanase.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140504999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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