A field experiment was carried out during the wet season of 2019 at the experimental plot of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (I.A.R&T), Moor Plantation, Ibadan. The aim is to examine the response of maize to organic and inorganic fertilizer on soil under intensive continuous cultivation. Initial soil samples were collected randomly from experimental plots and analyzed. The experiment was carried out using four treatments, organic, inorganic, organic plus inorganic, and control with each replicated three times. Each plot has a dimension of 3m x 4m. Agronomic parameters observed were plant height (cm), number of leaves (leaf area index, LAI), stover’s weight, ear weight, and yield of grain. After harvesting, soil samples were collected to measure changes in soil properties. Calcium, magnesium, and sodium improved significantly after the application of organic and inorganic - compared to other treatments. The result shows that plot treated with organic plus inorganic fertilizer (poultry manure + NPK) had the highest yield of 1.03t/ha compared to inorganic (NPK) 0.87t/ha, organic (poultry manure) 0.71t/ha and control which had no treatment has the least yield of 0.15t/ha. Therefore, inorganic plus organic were recommended for optimum and sustainable production on degraded soil.
{"title":"Response of maize (Zea mays) to organic and inorganic fertilizer sources on soil under intensive continuous cultivation","authors":"T. Ogunweide, T.E. Odunjo, I. Fademi, O. Ande","doi":"10.4314/jafs.v20i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v20i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out during the wet season of 2019 at the experimental plot of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (I.A.R&T), Moor Plantation, Ibadan. The aim is to examine the response of maize to organic and inorganic fertilizer on soil under intensive continuous cultivation. Initial soil samples were collected randomly from experimental plots and analyzed. The experiment was carried out using four treatments, organic, inorganic, organic plus inorganic, and control with each replicated three times. Each plot has a dimension of 3m x 4m. Agronomic parameters observed were plant height (cm), number of leaves (leaf area index, LAI), stover’s weight, ear weight, and yield of grain. After harvesting, soil samples were collected to measure changes in soil properties. Calcium, magnesium, and sodium improved significantly after the application of organic and inorganic - compared to other treatments. The result shows that plot treated with organic plus inorganic fertilizer (poultry manure + NPK) had the highest yield of 1.03t/ha compared to inorganic (NPK) 0.87t/ha, organic (poultry manure) 0.71t/ha and control which had no treatment has the least yield of 0.15t/ha. Therefore, inorganic plus organic were recommended for optimum and sustainable production on degraded soil. ","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84347529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Adetuyi, E. Akintimehin, K. Karigidi, S. Adefegha
This study investigate the effect of converting Bacopa floribunda BF leaves into Bacopa florbunda black herbal tea BFHT on the mineral profile, antinutrients, antioxidants, Anticholinesterase and lipid peroxidation inhibitory properties of Bacopa floribunda leaves. Bacopa floribunda leaves were plucked, destalked, withered, rolled, fermented/oxidized, milled, dried, cooled and packaged. The antinutrients phytate, saponin and tannin content of B. floribunda leaves reduced significantly (P ˂ 0.05) after processing into BFHT. The mineral ratios and molar ratios of minerals BFHT were within the critical values making them available for absorption. BFHT exhibited a very high and significant (P ˂ 0.05) total phenolics (60.08 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (12.96 mg QE/g) and reducing power (50.38mg AAE/g). The scavenging activities of BFHT extract against DPPH and Nitric oxide (NO) was significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher than freshly harvested B. floribunda leaves. BFHT (IC50 = 74.26 μg/ml) demonstrated a high significant (P ˂ 0.05) inhibitory capacity against Acetyl cholinesterase enzymes. The inhibition capacity of BFHT (IC50 = 0.65 μg/ml) against Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation was significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher than freshly harvested B. floribunda leaves (IC50 = 0.78 μg/ml). The study has demonstrated that high quality herbal tea BFHT could be produced from B. floribunda leaves and also serves as another method of food preservation.
{"title":"Production of black herbal tea from Bacopa floribunda: effect on mineral profile, antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of Bacopa floribunda leaves","authors":"F. Adetuyi, E. Akintimehin, K. Karigidi, S. Adefegha","doi":"10.4314/jafs.v20i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v20i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigate the effect of converting Bacopa floribunda BF leaves into Bacopa florbunda black herbal tea BFHT on the mineral profile, antinutrients, antioxidants, Anticholinesterase and lipid peroxidation inhibitory properties of Bacopa floribunda leaves. Bacopa floribunda leaves were plucked, destalked, withered, rolled, fermented/oxidized, milled, dried, cooled and packaged. The antinutrients phytate, saponin and tannin content of B. floribunda leaves reduced significantly (P ˂ 0.05) after processing into BFHT. The mineral ratios and molar ratios of minerals BFHT were within the critical values making them available for absorption. BFHT exhibited a very high and significant (P ˂ 0.05) total phenolics (60.08 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (12.96 mg QE/g) and reducing power (50.38mg AAE/g). The scavenging activities of BFHT extract against DPPH and Nitric oxide (NO) was significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher than freshly harvested B. floribunda leaves. BFHT (IC50 = 74.26 μg/ml) demonstrated a high significant (P ˂ 0.05) inhibitory capacity against Acetyl cholinesterase enzymes. The inhibition capacity of BFHT (IC50 = 0.65 μg/ml) against Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation was significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher than freshly harvested B. floribunda leaves (IC50 = 0.78 μg/ml). The study has demonstrated that high quality herbal tea BFHT could be produced from B. floribunda leaves and also serves as another method of food preservation.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86809544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. A. Alalade, L. Adefalu, K. F. Omotesho, V. Okpodu, O.O. Fagbote
This paper assessed the climate smart agricultural practices using learning videos in Irepodun LGA, Kwara State, Nigeria using qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection. One hundred and forty-eighty farmers were randomly selected using interview schedule. Also, focus group discussions were conducted with 137 participants. Pairwise comparison was used to evaluate the difference between the proportion of household heads who used the videos to learn and those who did not use the videos. The study revealed that farmers have similar perception of climate change and related impacts in video-villages and in non-video-villages. However, the study revealed farmers’ observation of climate change and related impacts are influenced by gender, with men perceiving more climate change and related impacts than women. In non-video villages, few respondents adopted crop rotation, intercropping, crop diversification, and improved short-cycle seed varieties as climate change adaptation strategies. Videos contribute more to the adoption of crop rotation, intercropping and fertilizer application for men than for women. Videos on accounting (managing money) enable more women than men to enhance their cost-benefit evaluation practices for income improvement. During the interviews, women farmers in video-villages were eager to demonstrate their knowledge about cost-benefit evaluation. Furthermore, the yield of sorghum, cassava and maize is higher in video- villages than in non-video-villages. Thus, using videos as an extension tool is suitable for knowledge development and leads to the high adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices for food security.
{"title":"Enhancing farmers’ knowledge on climate-smart agriculture using learning videos in Irepodun LGA, Kwara State","authors":"O. A. Alalade, L. Adefalu, K. F. Omotesho, V. Okpodu, O.O. Fagbote","doi":"10.4314/jafs.v20i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v20i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assessed the climate smart agricultural practices using learning videos in Irepodun LGA, Kwara State, Nigeria using qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection. One hundred and forty-eighty farmers were randomly selected using interview schedule. Also, focus group discussions were conducted with 137 participants. Pairwise comparison was used to evaluate the difference between the proportion of household heads who used the videos to learn and those who did not use the videos. The study revealed that farmers have similar perception of climate change and related impacts in video-villages and in non-video-villages. However, the study revealed farmers’ observation of climate change and related impacts are influenced by gender, with men perceiving more climate change and related impacts than women. In non-video villages, few respondents adopted crop rotation, intercropping, crop diversification, and improved short-cycle seed varieties as climate change adaptation strategies. Videos contribute more to the adoption of crop rotation, intercropping and fertilizer application for men than for women. Videos on accounting (managing money) enable more women than men to enhance their cost-benefit evaluation practices for income improvement. During the interviews, women farmers in video-villages were eager to demonstrate their knowledge about cost-benefit evaluation. Furthermore, the yield of sorghum, cassava and maize is higher in video- villages than in non-video-villages. Thus, using videos as an extension tool is suitable for knowledge development and leads to the high adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices for food security. ","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85448854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
African breadfruit snacks were produced from wheat and African breadfruit composite flour blends in the ratio of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 respectively. Breadfruit seed was coated with the respective wheat-African breadfruit composite flour blends and then baked to produce the snacks. Coating made with 100% wheat served as the control. Proximate composition and functional properties of the flour blends, proximate, mineral content and sensory analysis of the snacks were all determined using standard methods. Proximate composition ranged as follows: protein (10.77-14.32%), fat (1.61-3.20%), fiber (1.20-1.40%), ash (2.04-3.33%), moisture (8.16 -10.00%) and carbohydrate content (70.33 - 75.48%) respectively. The result showed increase in protein, ash, fat, fiber as well as phosphorus (139- 159mg/100), magnesium (2.05 – 2.94mg/100), calcium (169 – 190mg/100), and potassium (240 – 255.01mg/100) due to the addition of African breadfruit. The functional properties revealed potential suitability of wheat-breadfruit composite flour in snack production and the snack produced from 15% inclusion of African breadfruit flour was most preferred in terms of general acceptability.
{"title":"Nutrient and organoleptic assessment of snacks produced from wheat and African breadfruit (Treculia africana)","authors":"A. Ihemeje, I. Akujobi, D. Ofoegbu","doi":"10.4314/jafs.v20i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v20i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"African breadfruit snacks were produced from wheat and African breadfruit composite flour blends in the ratio of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 respectively. Breadfruit seed was coated with the respective wheat-African breadfruit composite flour blends and then baked to produce the snacks. Coating made with 100% wheat served as the control. Proximate composition and functional properties of the flour blends, proximate, mineral content and sensory analysis of the snacks were all determined using standard methods. Proximate composition ranged as follows: protein (10.77-14.32%), fat (1.61-3.20%), fiber (1.20-1.40%), ash (2.04-3.33%), moisture (8.16 -10.00%) and carbohydrate content (70.33 - 75.48%) respectively. The result showed increase in protein, ash, fat, fiber as well as phosphorus (139- 159mg/100), magnesium (2.05 – 2.94mg/100), calcium (169 – 190mg/100), and potassium (240 – 255.01mg/100) due to the addition of African breadfruit. The functional properties revealed potential suitability of wheat-breadfruit composite flour in snack production and the snack produced from 15% inclusion of African breadfruit flour was most preferred in terms of general acceptability. ","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73606592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Busari, A. A. Alabi, G.S. Bayero, Kaothar Modupe Idris-Adeniyi
Globally, food wastage is a significant problem. According to the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture organization estimate, one third of human food production is lost or wasted. Waste occurs in all parts of the value chain, from post-harvest processing through the supply chain. This study examined determinants of food waste among households in Osogbo Metropolis, Osun state, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and twenty (120) respondents from the study area. Data were collected with structured interview schedule. Frequency counts, means, percentages, and multiple regression analysis were the major statistical tools employed in data analysis. Results of descriptive analysis of the socioeconomic characteristics reveals that majority of the respondents were middle aged, married, female public officers, with averaged sized family. Protein from plant sources and carbohydrate are the most wasted household food items in the households. Protein from plant sources and carbohydrate are the most wasted household food items in the households. Epileptic electricity supply is a major reason for household food wastages, while refrigeration is the most widely used method of preservation among the households. The study concluded that significant quantity of food is wasted among the households. Household size, household food expenditure, the quantity of food consumption, and frequency of food consumption are significant factors influencing the level of households’ food waste in the study area. Thus, strict monitoring of these variables would minimize households’ food waste in the study area.
{"title":"Determinants of households’ food wastes in Osogbo Metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Busari, A. A. Alabi, G.S. Bayero, Kaothar Modupe Idris-Adeniyi","doi":"10.4314/jafs.v20i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v20i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, food wastage is a significant problem. According to the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture organization estimate, one third of human food production is lost or wasted. Waste occurs in all parts of the value chain, from post-harvest processing through the supply chain. This study examined determinants of food waste among households in Osogbo Metropolis, Osun state, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and twenty (120) respondents from the study area. Data were collected with structured interview schedule. Frequency counts, means, percentages, and multiple regression analysis were the major statistical tools employed in data analysis. Results of descriptive analysis of the socioeconomic characteristics reveals that majority of the respondents were middle aged, married, female public officers, with averaged sized family. Protein from plant sources and carbohydrate are the most wasted household food items in the households. Protein from plant sources and carbohydrate are the most wasted household food items in the households. Epileptic electricity supply is a major reason for household food wastages, while refrigeration is the most widely used method of preservation among the households. The study concluded that significant quantity of food is wasted among the households. Household size, household food expenditure, the quantity of food consumption, and frequency of food consumption are significant factors influencing the level of households’ food waste in the study area. Thus, strict monitoring of these variables would minimize households’ food waste in the study area.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78891384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abdulbaki, M.K. Elemasho, N. Ajanwachuku, C.H. Okoroafor, I.U. Nwaehujor, F. Olayemi, P. Pessu
The study was conducted to determine constraints to the production and post-harvest handlings of selected neglected food crops (Bambara nuts, Bread fruits and Bush mango) in South-east and South-south Nigeria. Production and post-harvest handling challenges have made some of the indigenous crops that are capable of improving food security in the nation to be neglected and underutilized by the farmers. The specific objectives of the study were to; ascertain the socio-economic characteristics of farmers of selected neglected food crops in the study area; determine the constraints militating against production of selected neglected crops; identify the challenges encounter during post- harvest handling of the selected neglected food crops and identify areas of research needs along production and post-harvest handling value chain of the neglected food crops in the study area. Purposive and snow-ball sampling procedure were used to sample 120 farmers of selected neglected crops in southeast and South-South Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from the respondents and analyzed using percentage and mean. The results revealed that the mean age of the respondents in the study area was 43.3 years, majority (42.5%) of the farmers attended primary school. The mean for years of farmer’s farming experience was 13.3years.The production constraints to farmers in the study area were lack of financial support (3.8), lack of improved cultural varieties (3.6),ignorance of the crop nutritional value (3.4) and susceptibility to pests and diseases (3.1) while the constraints to farmers during drying were, rain (75.8%), Animal (29.2%) and dust (75.8%). Majority of the farmers (68.3%) mentioned mold growth on stored crops as a major storage challenge All the farmers (100%) mentioned storage problem as area of research needs, while majority of the farmers (95%) suggested improvement on post-harvest handling on neglected crops in the study area., simple and effective storage and processing innovation should be developed by research institutes and made available in the study area.
{"title":"Farmers’ constraints to production and post-harvest handling of selected neglected food crops in South-east and South-south Nigeria","authors":"M. Abdulbaki, M.K. Elemasho, N. Ajanwachuku, C.H. Okoroafor, I.U. Nwaehujor, F. Olayemi, P. Pessu","doi":"10.4314/jafs.v20i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v20i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to determine constraints to the production and post-harvest handlings of selected neglected food crops (Bambara nuts, Bread fruits and Bush mango) in South-east and South-south Nigeria. Production and post-harvest handling challenges have made some of the indigenous crops that are capable of improving food security in the nation to be neglected and underutilized by the farmers. The specific objectives of the study were to; ascertain the socio-economic characteristics of farmers of selected neglected food crops in the study area; determine the constraints militating against production of selected neglected crops; identify the challenges encounter during post- harvest handling of the selected neglected food crops and identify areas of research needs along production and post-harvest handling value chain of the neglected food crops in the study area. Purposive and snow-ball sampling procedure were used to sample 120 farmers of selected neglected crops in southeast and South-South Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from the respondents and analyzed using percentage and mean. The results revealed that the mean age of the respondents in the study area was 43.3 years, majority (42.5%) of the farmers attended primary school. The mean for years of farmer’s farming experience was 13.3years.The production constraints to farmers in the study area were lack of financial support (3.8), lack of improved cultural varieties (3.6),ignorance of the crop nutritional value (3.4) and susceptibility to pests and diseases (3.1) while the constraints to farmers during drying were, rain (75.8%), Animal (29.2%) and dust (75.8%). Majority of the farmers (68.3%) mentioned mold growth on stored crops as a major storage challenge All the farmers (100%) mentioned storage problem as area of research needs, while majority of the farmers (95%) suggested improvement on post-harvest handling on neglected crops in the study area., simple and effective storage and processing innovation should be developed by research institutes and made available in the study area. ","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84886687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuel Munyampundu, Hamudu Rukangantambara, S. Habimana
Bush bean is the poor families’ meat in Rwanda and grown in many corners of the country. However, unevenness application of organic and inorganic amendments brought soil degradation including soil toxicity or deficiency and low bush bean production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pymarc rates with NPK and spacing on Soil organic matter, physical parameters and bush bean yield parameters in volcanic highland. The design was RCBD with four replications and the experiment had two factors; Pymarc rates: P0(control), P1(250Kg ha-1 NPK), P2(10 tons ha-1 pymarc+250 Kg ha-1 NPK), P3(15 tons ha-1 pymarc+250Kg ha-1 NPK) and P4(20 tons ha-1 pymarc+250Kg ha-1 NPK) and spacing levels: S1(40cm x15cm), S2(40cm x 20cm) and S3(40cm x 30cm). Results showed that, highly significant difference (p<0.01) was in treatments and greatest improvements were brought out by P2S1 with lowest Bd(0.95 g cm-3), highest WHC(38.34 %) and porosity(42.18 %) at harvesting with mean yield of 3.03 t/ha compared to P0S3 with least values of studied attributes. Highest SOM content was found out in P4S3 and P3S1 of 9.84 % and 9.75 % sequentially. The correlation analysis results between WHC, Porosity, SOM and yield varied from weak to strong (0.4>r, r>0.7), significant (p<0.05) and positive while the same relationship but negative existed between Bd and other parameters. Therefore, sowing the bush bean at the spacing of 40cm x15cm with application of 10t ha-1 pymarc+250 Kg ha-1 NPK 17-17-17 could be recommended to agronomists and farmers from volcanic highland in Rwanda for bush bean optimum yield.
{"title":"Effect of Pymarc with NPK 17-17-17 and intra-row spacing on soil and bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yield in volcanic highland, Rwanda","authors":"Emmanuel Munyampundu, Hamudu Rukangantambara, S. Habimana","doi":"10.4314/jafs.v20i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v20i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Bush bean is the poor families’ meat in Rwanda and grown in many corners of the country. However, unevenness application of organic and inorganic amendments brought soil degradation including soil toxicity or deficiency and low bush bean production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pymarc rates with NPK and spacing on Soil organic matter, physical parameters and bush bean yield parameters in volcanic highland. The design was RCBD with four replications and the experiment had two factors; Pymarc rates: P0(control), P1(250Kg ha-1 NPK), P2(10 tons ha-1 pymarc+250 Kg ha-1 NPK), P3(15 tons ha-1 pymarc+250Kg ha-1 NPK) and P4(20 tons ha-1 pymarc+250Kg ha-1 NPK) and spacing levels: S1(40cm x15cm), S2(40cm x 20cm) and S3(40cm x 30cm). Results showed that, highly significant difference (p<0.01) was in treatments and greatest improvements were brought out by P2S1 with lowest Bd(0.95 g cm-3), highest WHC(38.34 %) and porosity(42.18 %) at harvesting with mean yield of 3.03 t/ha compared to P0S3 with least values of studied attributes. Highest SOM content was found out in P4S3 and P3S1 of 9.84 % and 9.75 % sequentially. The correlation analysis results between WHC, Porosity, SOM and yield varied from weak to strong (0.4>r, r>0.7), significant (p<0.05) and positive while the same relationship but negative existed between Bd and other parameters. Therefore, sowing the bush bean at the spacing of 40cm x15cm with application of 10t ha-1 pymarc+250 Kg ha-1 NPK 17-17-17 could be recommended to agronomists and farmers from volcanic highland in Rwanda for bush bean optimum yield. ","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85229944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Udofia, O. Falusi, A. Abubakar, O. Daudu, Shakirat O. AJENIFUJAH-SOLEBO, S. D. Titus
The mutagenic effect of Colchicine on the morphology and yield of tomato was investigated. Seeds of three tomato accessions (NG/MR/May/09/005- SouthWest, NG/SA/07/10/002- NorthEast and NG/CHU/Jun/0201-SouthEast) were presoaked in four different concentrations of Colchicine (0.1mM, 0.3mM, 0.5mM, 1.0mM) and 0.0mM as control. The domestic demand for tomato extremely exceeds the supply with over 2-3 million metric tons annually thereby involving Nigeria into importing about 300,000 metric tonnes worth over $360 million dollar yearly. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design in five replications. The morphological parameters used to characterize the mutants were plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf length, number of branches, number of days to first flowering, fruit weight, germination percentage and number of fruit/plant. The results revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in some of the morphological traits assessed when compared with the controls, except in the number of branches and plant height, where the effect of the mutagen was not important (p>0.05). The morphological and yield parameters of the southwest and northeast accessions of tomato as observed in this study, improved with decreasing concentration of Colchicine, while the southeast improved with increase in the concentration of Colchicine. It is thus recommended that, to improve growth and yield parameters in tomatoes, 0.1mM concentration should be employed to improve Southwest and Northeast tomato accessions, while 0.5mM or 1.0mM concentrations should be used in the Southeast tomato accessions.
{"title":"Mutagenic effects of colchicine on the morphology and yield of three tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) accessions","authors":"E. Udofia, O. Falusi, A. Abubakar, O. Daudu, Shakirat O. AJENIFUJAH-SOLEBO, S. D. Titus","doi":"10.4314/jafs.v20i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v20i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The mutagenic effect of Colchicine on the morphology and yield of tomato was investigated. Seeds of three tomato accessions (NG/MR/May/09/005- SouthWest, NG/SA/07/10/002- NorthEast and NG/CHU/Jun/0201-SouthEast) were presoaked in four different concentrations of Colchicine (0.1mM, 0.3mM, 0.5mM, 1.0mM) and 0.0mM as control. The domestic demand for tomato extremely exceeds the supply with over 2-3 million metric tons annually thereby involving Nigeria into importing about 300,000 metric tonnes worth over $360 million dollar yearly. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design in five replications. The morphological parameters used to characterize the mutants were plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf length, number of branches, number of days to first flowering, fruit weight, germination percentage and number of fruit/plant. The results revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in some of the morphological traits assessed when compared with the controls, except in the number of branches and plant height, where the effect of the mutagen was not important (p>0.05). The morphological and yield parameters of the southwest and northeast accessions of tomato as observed in this study, improved with decreasing concentration of Colchicine, while the southeast improved with increase in the concentration of Colchicine. It is thus recommended that, to improve growth and yield parameters in tomatoes, 0.1mM concentration should be employed to improve Southwest and Northeast tomato accessions, while 0.5mM or 1.0mM concentrations should be used in the Southeast tomato accessions. ","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77383496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. N. Wakhungu, S. Okoth, P. Wachira, N. A. Otieno
We conducted a study in Nairobi County to assess Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) levels in selected herbs and spices and to ascertain product use and consumer awareness of fungi and mycotoxin contamination. Descriptive statistical analysis of the survey data was performed using R-studio software version 1.4. Results revealed significant differences in consumers' preference for herbs and spices (P= 0.03671). Products consumed in less than one month were significant in predicting preference by customers (P= 0.0207). 65% of the respondents were unaware of mycotoxins in herbs and spices, and 80% had never attended mycotoxin training. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to analyze the samples for AFB1 contamination. Aflatoxin B1 was found in all of the samples and the concentration in spices ranged from 2.17ng/kg to 32.40ng/kg while in herbs the range was from 6.60ng/kg to 27.20 ng/kg.Considering the consumption data collected from our survey, the AFB1 daily intake for spices ranged between 0.83 and 11.78 ng/kg bw/day and in herbs it was between 0.6 and 6.88 ng/kg bw/day. The results indicate a high possible risk of exposure to mycotoxins; thus, more stringent measures must be taken for the prevention of mycobiota contamination in herbs and spices.
{"title":"Prevalence of Aflatoxin B1 in marketed herbs and spices in Nairobi county Kenya: Consumer awareness, practices, and associated health risks","authors":"C. N. Wakhungu, S. Okoth, P. Wachira, N. A. Otieno","doi":"10.4314/jafs.v20i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v20i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a study in Nairobi County to assess Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) levels in selected herbs and spices and to ascertain product use and consumer awareness of fungi and mycotoxin contamination. Descriptive statistical analysis of the survey data was performed using R-studio software version 1.4. Results revealed significant differences in consumers' preference for herbs and spices (P= 0.03671). Products consumed in less than one month were significant in predicting preference by customers (P= 0.0207). 65% of the respondents were unaware of mycotoxins in herbs and spices, and 80% had never attended mycotoxin training. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to analyze the samples for AFB1 contamination. Aflatoxin B1 was found in all of the samples and the concentration in spices ranged from 2.17ng/kg to 32.40ng/kg while in herbs the range was from 6.60ng/kg to 27.20 ng/kg.Considering the consumption data collected from our survey, the AFB1 daily intake for spices ranged between 0.83 and 11.78 ng/kg bw/day and in herbs it was between 0.6 and 6.88 ng/kg bw/day. The results indicate a high possible risk of exposure to mycotoxins; thus, more stringent measures must be taken for the prevention of mycobiota contamination in herbs and spices. ","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78491512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria, between May-August, 2018. It investigated the efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum against cowpea pod borer, Maruca vitrata. Four rates of liquid extracts were used, 0, 50, 100, and 150 mls as treatments using randomized complete block design. Proximate analysis on Ocimum gratissimum revealed percentage nutritional contents of ash 14.58%, moisture 82.22%, fibre 9.37% and protein 3.16%. Phytochemical analysis revealed phytate, 12.45g, tannin, 15.43g, sapogenin 11.64g, anthocyanidines 0.27g, and quinine 11.09g. Mineral compositions were Sodium 0.321mg/100g, potassium 0.355mg/100g, calcium 0.0144mg/100g, Magnesium 1.85mg/100g and cadmium 0.187/100g. Heavy metals include zinc, 0.250mg/100g, cadmium 0.00mg/100g, chromium 0.00mg/100g, Fe 0.381mg/100g, Nickel 0.291mg/100g and manganese 0.492mg/100g. Infrared compounds were alcohol 3344.5, aldehyde 2719, carboxylic acid 2995.5, alkenes 2804.4, isocyanate 2804.4. Data were collected on number of insects observed after application, number of plants infested, number of leaves damaged, and number of pods per plot and yield weight. Further results showed that treatments reduced number of insects, number of plants infested, number of leaves damaged, 2, 3, 4 WAP and these were significantlydifferent P≤0.05. Number of pods and yield weight were significantly P≤0.05 different over the control. In this study, Ocimum gratissimum reduced the number of insect pest attack (Maruca vitrata) on cowpea and these actions were due to the anti-nutritional constituents contained in the extract.
{"title":"The efficacy of scent leaf (Ocimum grattissimum) in controlling cowpea pod borer (Maruca vitrata) In Owerri, Nigeria","authors":"E. Emeribe, J. U. Agbim","doi":"10.4314/jafs.v20i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v20i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria, between May-August, 2018. It investigated the efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum against cowpea pod borer, Maruca vitrata. Four rates of liquid extracts were used, 0, 50, 100, and 150 mls as treatments using randomized complete block design. Proximate analysis on Ocimum gratissimum revealed percentage nutritional contents of ash 14.58%, moisture 82.22%, fibre 9.37% and protein 3.16%. Phytochemical analysis revealed phytate, 12.45g, tannin, 15.43g, sapogenin 11.64g, anthocyanidines 0.27g, and quinine 11.09g. Mineral compositions were Sodium 0.321mg/100g, potassium 0.355mg/100g, calcium 0.0144mg/100g, Magnesium 1.85mg/100g and cadmium 0.187/100g. Heavy metals include zinc, 0.250mg/100g, cadmium 0.00mg/100g, chromium 0.00mg/100g, Fe 0.381mg/100g, Nickel 0.291mg/100g and manganese 0.492mg/100g. Infrared compounds were alcohol 3344.5, aldehyde 2719, carboxylic acid 2995.5, alkenes 2804.4, isocyanate 2804.4. Data were collected on number of insects observed after application, number of plants infested, number of leaves damaged, and number of pods per plot and yield weight. Further results showed that treatments reduced number of insects, number of plants infested, number of leaves damaged, 2, 3, 4 WAP and these were significantlydifferent P≤0.05. Number of pods and yield weight were significantly P≤0.05 different over the control. In this study, Ocimum gratissimum reduced the number of insect pest attack (Maruca vitrata) on cowpea and these actions were due to the anti-nutritional constituents contained in the extract. ","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89938788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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