Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.715
Md. Kamrul Hasan Kazal, Ohi Alam, Romana Jahan Moon, Khadiza Khatun, Rakhi Chacrabati, Bapon Dey, Chayon Goswami
Heat stress is a significant environmental challenge that impairs broiler production, negatively impacting growth, feed intake, nutrient absorption, and gut ecology. Various methods exist to mitigate heat stress such as genetic and nutritional approaches, air conditioning, ventilation, and antibiotic growth promoters but they are often expensive and not always adequate. Keeping this view in mind, research has been focused on medicinal herbs which are available, cheap and safer to use. Amla fruit possesses antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-stress properties that could mitigate heat stress’s harmful effects on broilers. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of amla fruit powder on growth performance, gut microbiota and blood lipid profile of broilers under ambient temperature and heat stressed condition. A total of 126 broiler chicks were divided into two major groups, one group kept under ambient temperature and another group exposed to heat stress. Each major group was split into 3 subgroups with 3 replications having 7 chicks per replication. In case of each major groups, first sub groups were kept as a control and latter two groups were supplemented with 0.5% and 1.0% amla fruit powder, respectively. Total duration of the experiment was 35 days, where treatments were given with basal diet from 12 days. All the experiment birds were maintained with the similar management except the experimental diets. The results showed that body weight and body weight gain at the end of the experiment were higher in amla treated group than in the control group at both temperatures. Supplementation of amla fruit powder also improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) and dressing percentage than the control groups. Additionally, amla powder reduced TC, TAG and LDL levels and slightly increased HDL content. Amla fruit powder decreased pathogenic bacterial population such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. concentration in the gut and increased probiotic bacterial concentration such as Lactobacillus spp. under both rearing temperatures. Taken together, it can be concluded that, amla fruit powder could be used as an alternative tool to improve broiler performance and mitigate the deleterious effects of heat stress on broiler chickens.
{"title":"Supplementation of Amla (Emblica officinalis) Fruit Powder Modulate Growth and Reduce Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens","authors":"Md. Kamrul Hasan Kazal, Ohi Alam, Romana Jahan Moon, Khadiza Khatun, Rakhi Chacrabati, Bapon Dey, Chayon Goswami","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.715","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress is a significant environmental challenge that impairs broiler production, negatively impacting growth, feed intake, nutrient absorption, and gut ecology. Various methods exist to mitigate heat stress such as genetic and nutritional approaches, air conditioning, ventilation, and antibiotic growth promoters but they are often expensive and not always adequate. Keeping this view in mind, research has been focused on medicinal herbs which are available, cheap and safer to use. Amla fruit possesses antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-stress properties that could mitigate heat stress’s harmful effects on broilers. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of amla fruit powder on growth performance, gut microbiota and blood lipid profile of broilers under ambient temperature and heat stressed condition. A total of 126 broiler chicks were divided into two major groups, one group kept under ambient temperature and another group exposed to heat stress. Each major group was split into 3 subgroups with 3 replications having 7 chicks per replication. In case of each major groups, first sub groups were kept as a control and latter two groups were supplemented with 0.5% and 1.0% amla fruit powder, respectively. Total duration of the experiment was 35 days, where treatments were given with basal diet from 12 days. All the experiment birds were maintained with the similar management except the experimental diets. The results showed that body weight and body weight gain at the end of the experiment were higher in amla treated group than in the control group at both temperatures. Supplementation of amla fruit powder also improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) and dressing percentage than the control groups. Additionally, amla powder reduced TC, TAG and LDL levels and slightly increased HDL content. Amla fruit powder decreased pathogenic bacterial population such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. concentration in the gut and increased probiotic bacterial concentration such as Lactobacillus spp. under both rearing temperatures. Taken together, it can be concluded that, amla fruit powder could be used as an alternative tool to improve broiler performance and mitigate the deleterious effects of heat stress on broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"30 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Before the dawn of civilization, humans have hunted and gathered, and the only trustworthy sources of medicine were plants and herbs. The needs for traditional medicine, which are present in both local and international markets, are met in large part by medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). Due to the abundance of medicinal plants, people in many tribal and rural parts of Bangladesh, like many other nations, have traditionally relied on nature and natural remedies to heal themselves and avoid ailments. The market is flooded with items made from medicinal and aromatic herbs. Plants can be used to produce specialty materials like biocides, cosmetics, medicines, essential oils, dyes, and colorants. Most of the species of MAPs are produced for such industrial uses, but most of them are still wild collected. The increasing demand in botanicals results in a great trade from local to international level. Identifying the significant role played by MAPs in serving health and well-being security, it is very important for the countries to utilize the need to conserve, sustainably use, and commercialize the MAP biodiversity resources responsibly throughout the world. The total trades in MAPs have increased from 2.4 billion USD in 1996 to 6.2 billion USD in 2013 with annual growth rate of 5.4% in past 18 years, and growth rate of 10.7% is noticed in recent years. By 2023, it will be expected that the market for herbal medicines would develop at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.88% and reach USD 1,29,689.3 million. Nowadays, roughly 80% of the world’s population gets their healthcare mostly from plants and plant extracts. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) forecast, the worldwide herbal industry would reach $5 trillion by the year 2050. China, India, Hong Kong, USA, Germany, Republic of Korea, Canada and Poland are the top export countries while top destinations include USA, Hong Kong, Japan, Germany, France, Republic of Korea, China and Singapore. The study suggests five major trade centers of MAPs worldwide viz. USA, Hong Kong, Germany, Republic of Korea and China. A number of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Governmental Organizations (GOs) and International Non-Governmental Organization (INGOs) have been working on improvement and expansion of commodity-wise value chains for selected MAPs throughout the world. For commercial developments of MAPs sub-sector, it is required to gather experiences of technical, socio-economical, institutional and policy inputs.
{"title":"Potential Role and International Trade of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in the World","authors":"Shohana Parvin, Anika Reza, Sridebi Das, Md. Main Uddin Miah, Shanjida Karim","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.701","url":null,"abstract":"Before the dawn of civilization, humans have hunted and gathered, and the only trustworthy sources of medicine were plants and herbs. The needs for traditional medicine, which are present in both local and international markets, are met in large part by medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). Due to the abundance of medicinal plants, people in many tribal and rural parts of Bangladesh, like many other nations, have traditionally relied on nature and natural remedies to heal themselves and avoid ailments. The market is flooded with items made from medicinal and aromatic herbs. Plants can be used to produce specialty materials like biocides, cosmetics, medicines, essential oils, dyes, and colorants. Most of the species of MAPs are produced for such industrial uses, but most of them are still wild collected. The increasing demand in botanicals results in a great trade from local to international level. Identifying the significant role played by MAPs in serving health and well-being security, it is very important for the countries to utilize the need to conserve, sustainably use, and commercialize the MAP biodiversity resources responsibly throughout the world. The total trades in MAPs have increased from 2.4 billion USD in 1996 to 6.2 billion USD in 2013 with annual growth rate of 5.4% in past 18 years, and growth rate of 10.7% is noticed in recent years. By 2023, it will be expected that the market for herbal medicines would develop at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.88% and reach USD 1,29,689.3 million. Nowadays, roughly 80% of the world’s population gets their healthcare mostly from plants and plant extracts. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) forecast, the worldwide herbal industry would reach $5 trillion by the year 2050. China, India, Hong Kong, USA, Germany, Republic of Korea, Canada and Poland are the top export countries while top destinations include USA, Hong Kong, Japan, Germany, France, Republic of Korea, China and Singapore. The study suggests five major trade centers of MAPs worldwide viz. USA, Hong Kong, Germany, Republic of Korea and China. A number of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Governmental Organizations (GOs) and International Non-Governmental Organization (INGOs) have been working on improvement and expansion of commodity-wise value chains for selected MAPs throughout the world. For commercial developments of MAPs sub-sector, it is required to gather experiences of technical, socio-economical, institutional and policy inputs.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135665234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.718
Ronald Kawooya, Charles Mugisa, Vivian Namutebi, Douglas Jjemba Mutebi, Veleriano Turyahebwa, Lawrence Mugenyi, Kenneth Atugonza, Julius Ssemyalo
Uganda is one of the countries in east Africa where agroforestry farming system has spread in twelve agro-ecological zones. Agroforestry practices are critical in all agro-based sectors like tea industry because of benefits like provision of fuel wood for curing tea. The purpose of this study was to understand the current agroforestry practices adopted by smallholder tea estate farmers and investigate options for scaling up the technology to alleviate the fuelwood scarcity faced by tea industries. The study involved a survey that was conducted in Kyenjojo district located in Western Uganda in June 2020. A total of 65 small holder tea farmers (respondents) were interviewed during the study. A purposive sampling method was used and data analyzed with SPSS to generate descriptive statistics that included frequencies, percentages, tables, graphs and charts. Results showed that shade was the most benefit of agroforestry trees by a proportion of 33% towards tea growing and followed by climate modification at 24%. Protection of the environment was also revealed as one of the leading benefits of tea agroforestry with a proportion of 34%, as well as trees acting as a source of poles at 23%. Eucalyptus at 34% was the most dominant agroforestry tree used at tea farm level as a woodlot, followed by Grevillea robusta at 28%. The most dominant adoption method of tea agroforestry practices at tea farm level was through farmers learning from fellow farmers at 34%, followed by adoption by trainings at 23%. Planting of agroforestry trees was the only remedy stated by farmers as an effort done to retain trees on farm. As a recommendation towards increased uptake of agroforestry at farm level, farmers identified certification and other factory-based incentives such as Rain Forest Alliance being the most important. Based on the identified benefits of tea-agroforestry systems, efforts should be made by Public, Private and Development partners to make all tea farmers aware of the existing and appropriate agroforestry practices while developing appropriate incentive models for increased adoption of tea agroforestry system in Uganda.
{"title":"Analysis of Tea Agroforestry System: The Case of Kyenjojo District in Uganda","authors":"Ronald Kawooya, Charles Mugisa, Vivian Namutebi, Douglas Jjemba Mutebi, Veleriano Turyahebwa, Lawrence Mugenyi, Kenneth Atugonza, Julius Ssemyalo","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.718","url":null,"abstract":"Uganda is one of the countries in east Africa where agroforestry farming system has spread in twelve agro-ecological zones. Agroforestry practices are critical in all agro-based sectors like tea industry because of benefits like provision of fuel wood for curing tea. The purpose of this study was to understand the current agroforestry practices adopted by smallholder tea estate farmers and investigate options for scaling up the technology to alleviate the fuelwood scarcity faced by tea industries. The study involved a survey that was conducted in Kyenjojo district located in Western Uganda in June 2020. A total of 65 small holder tea farmers (respondents) were interviewed during the study. A purposive sampling method was used and data analyzed with SPSS to generate descriptive statistics that included frequencies, percentages, tables, graphs and charts. Results showed that shade was the most benefit of agroforestry trees by a proportion of 33% towards tea growing and followed by climate modification at 24%. Protection of the environment was also revealed as one of the leading benefits of tea agroforestry with a proportion of 34%, as well as trees acting as a source of poles at 23%. Eucalyptus at 34% was the most dominant agroforestry tree used at tea farm level as a woodlot, followed by Grevillea robusta at 28%. The most dominant adoption method of tea agroforestry practices at tea farm level was through farmers learning from fellow farmers at 34%, followed by adoption by trainings at 23%. Planting of agroforestry trees was the only remedy stated by farmers as an effort done to retain trees on farm. As a recommendation towards increased uptake of agroforestry at farm level, farmers identified certification and other factory-based incentives such as Rain Forest Alliance being the most important. Based on the identified benefits of tea-agroforestry systems, efforts should be made by Public, Private and Development partners to make all tea farmers aware of the existing and appropriate agroforestry practices while developing appropriate incentive models for increased adoption of tea agroforestry system in Uganda.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.727
Norma Yuniar, Nuri Dewi Yanti, None Hamdani
Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) have an important and strategic role in the national economy. MSEs have received considerable attention from various groups, both from the government and financial institutions because they have proven to be part of the savior of the national economy which was experiencing a downturn at that time. The government and financial institutions have made various efforts to support the progress of MSEs, one of which is by providing business capital loans. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the benefits of providing capital loans to MSEs. The research aims to: [1] analyze the benefits of credit that has been distributed by PT BPR Martapura Banjar Sejahtera and [2] analyze the factors that influence the decision of micro and small enterprises MSEs in agriculture to take credit at PT BPR Martapura Banjar Sejahtera. The data analysis method used in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis. The sampling method used is proportionate random sampling and accidental sampling. Data were analyzed through: [1] descriptive, [2] scoring method, and [3] tested through binary logistic regression. The results showed that the credit channeled by PT BPR Martapura Banjar Sejahtera to agricultural MSEs in Banjar Regency is effective in increasing the turnover of MSEs. It is also known that the variables of business risk and credit socialization are variables that significantly influence the decision of micro and small enterprises of MSEs in agriculture to take credit at PT BPR Martapura Banjar Sejahtera.
{"title":"Analysis of the Benefits of Providing Credit to Micro dan Small Agricultural Businesses in Banjar Regency, Indonesia","authors":"Norma Yuniar, Nuri Dewi Yanti, None Hamdani","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.727","url":null,"abstract":"Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) have an important and strategic role in the national economy. MSEs have received considerable attention from various groups, both from the government and financial institutions because they have proven to be part of the savior of the national economy which was experiencing a downturn at that time. The government and financial institutions have made various efforts to support the progress of MSEs, one of which is by providing business capital loans. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the benefits of providing capital loans to MSEs. The research aims to: [1] analyze the benefits of credit that has been distributed by PT BPR Martapura Banjar Sejahtera and [2] analyze the factors that influence the decision of micro and small enterprises MSEs in agriculture to take credit at PT BPR Martapura Banjar Sejahtera. The data analysis method used in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis. The sampling method used is proportionate random sampling and accidental sampling. Data were analyzed through: [1] descriptive, [2] scoring method, and [3] tested through binary logistic regression. The results showed that the credit channeled by PT BPR Martapura Banjar Sejahtera to agricultural MSEs in Banjar Regency is effective in increasing the turnover of MSEs. It is also known that the variables of business risk and credit socialization are variables that significantly influence the decision of micro and small enterprises of MSEs in agriculture to take credit at PT BPR Martapura Banjar Sejahtera.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136077637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.709
Pelin Demir, Yasin Baykalir, Gulsum Oksuztepe
This study was conducted to determine some quality parameters of 25 fruit yoghurt samples (strawberry, forest fruit, blueberry, apricot, fig, mango, peach) sold in Elazig province. For this purpose, physicochemical (pH, acidity, fat, dry matter, starch, peroxidase, heat treatment) and microbiological [total mesophilic aerobic (TMA) bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, Lactobacillus-Leuconostoc-Pediococcus (LLP), lactic streptococcus, proteolytic and lipolytic microorganism, coliform, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus-Micrococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and yeast-mold] analyzes of fruit yoghurt samples were performed. It was determined that 14 samples (8%) did not comply with the Turkish Food Codex Fermented Dairy Products Communiqué and TSE yoghurt standard regarding acidity value (% l.a.). The presence of starch in 91 (52%), peroxidase in 91 (52%) and heat treatment tests in 147 (84%) of the samples were positive. In the 161 (92%) samples coliform, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus-Micrococcus; and in the 154 (88%) of yeast and mold microorganisms were observed to be less than <1.0 log10 cfu/g of. Total psychrophilic bacteria, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. have not emerged in any of these samples (<1.0 log10 cfu/g). There is only a statistical significance observed in Proteolytic bacteria between fruit yoghurt groups (P < 0.05). The lowest number (5.36 ± 0.10 log10 cfu/g) of proteolytic bacteria was observed in forest fruit; the highest (7.02 ± 0.52 log10 cfu/g) was determined in yoghurt with figs. As a result, it was concluded that the microbiological quality of the examined fruit yoghurt samples was not adequate for the hygienic conditions. It is thought that hygienic conditions were not considered during the production process and it could pose a risk to public health.
{"title":"Investigation of the Physiochemical and Microbiological Quality of Fruit Yoghurt Sold in Elazig Province","authors":"Pelin Demir, Yasin Baykalir, Gulsum Oksuztepe","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.709","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine some quality parameters of 25 fruit yoghurt samples (strawberry, forest fruit, blueberry, apricot, fig, mango, peach) sold in Elazig province. For this purpose, physicochemical (pH, acidity, fat, dry matter, starch, peroxidase, heat treatment) and microbiological [total mesophilic aerobic (TMA) bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, Lactobacillus-Leuconostoc-Pediococcus (LLP), lactic streptococcus, proteolytic and lipolytic microorganism, coliform, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus-Micrococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and yeast-mold] analyzes of fruit yoghurt samples were performed. It was determined that 14 samples (8%) did not comply with the Turkish Food Codex Fermented Dairy Products Communiqué and TSE yoghurt standard regarding acidity value (% l.a.). The presence of starch in 91 (52%), peroxidase in 91 (52%) and heat treatment tests in 147 (84%) of the samples were positive. In the 161 (92%) samples coliform, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus-Micrococcus; and in the 154 (88%) of yeast and mold microorganisms were observed to be less than <1.0 log10 cfu/g of. Total psychrophilic bacteria, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. have not emerged in any of these samples (<1.0 log10 cfu/g). There is only a statistical significance observed in Proteolytic bacteria between fruit yoghurt groups (P < 0.05). The lowest number (5.36 ± 0.10 log10 cfu/g) of proteolytic bacteria was observed in forest fruit; the highest (7.02 ± 0.52 log10 cfu/g) was determined in yoghurt with figs. As a result, it was concluded that the microbiological quality of the examined fruit yoghurt samples was not adequate for the hygienic conditions. It is thought that hygienic conditions were not considered during the production process and it could pose a risk to public health.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136077636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.685
Shammy Akter, Hosna Ara Chowdhury Nisha, Raihan Ferdous, Rifat Ara Sultana, Sanzida Hoque, Md. Belal Hossain
Chronologically two experiments have been conducted during the period from October 2018 to May 2019 and July 2019 to June 2020 at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh for the identification of one of the best rice varieties and chemicals against blast disease. In a field experiment, eight boro rice varieties were evaluated (five inbreed varieties, two high-yielding varieties, and one wild variety) to observe varietal performances against blast disease. A pot experiment was also performed to study the resistance behavior of the tested varieties in an in-vitro condition by applying silica powder, K2SiO3, salicylic acid, cattle urine (both normal and pregnant cows), and PPN. Field study revealed that the wild variety was highly resistant (incidence and severity 0%) whereas BRRI dhan58 was susceptible (incidence 21.48% and severity 60.48%). Wild variety was also characterized by the highest tiller number (20.73), panicle length (24.90 cm), fresh grain weight (62.30 g), and dry grain weight (51.70 g). The highest number of panicles was recorded in BRRI dhan28 (18.40) which was statistically like the wild variety (17.50). Though wild variety performed best in another parameter it gave the lowest amount of yield (4.77 kg/plot). In morphological studies of pathogen, pyriform-shaped conidia were found in a sympodial fashion on conidiophores whose size varied from 22.13 to 28.47 μm × 9.13 to 11.72 μm (average 25.30×10.43 μm). The second experiment revealed that all selected novel chemicals showed some extent of resistance but the cattle urine, PPN, and K2SiO3 showed a promising effect. Koch’s postulate test for the experiment confirmed the causal organism of blast disease is Magnaporthe oryzaein artificially inoculated plants.
{"title":"Blast Disease Behavior in Some Boro Rice Varieties of Bangladesh and Development of Induced Resistance System Against Blast Disease through Selected Novel Chemicals","authors":"Shammy Akter, Hosna Ara Chowdhury Nisha, Raihan Ferdous, Rifat Ara Sultana, Sanzida Hoque, Md. Belal Hossain","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.685","url":null,"abstract":"Chronologically two experiments have been conducted during the period from October 2018 to May 2019 and July 2019 to June 2020 at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh for the identification of one of the best rice varieties and chemicals against blast disease. In a field experiment, eight boro rice varieties were evaluated (five inbreed varieties, two high-yielding varieties, and one wild variety) to observe varietal performances against blast disease. A pot experiment was also performed to study the resistance behavior of the tested varieties in an in-vitro condition by applying silica powder, K2SiO3, salicylic acid, cattle urine (both normal and pregnant cows), and PPN. Field study revealed that the wild variety was highly resistant (incidence and severity 0%) whereas BRRI dhan58 was susceptible (incidence 21.48% and severity 60.48%). Wild variety was also characterized by the highest tiller number (20.73), panicle length (24.90 cm), fresh grain weight (62.30 g), and dry grain weight (51.70 g). The highest number of panicles was recorded in BRRI dhan28 (18.40) which was statistically like the wild variety (17.50). Though wild variety performed best in another parameter it gave the lowest amount of yield (4.77 kg/plot). In morphological studies of pathogen, pyriform-shaped conidia were found in a sympodial fashion on conidiophores whose size varied from 22.13 to 28.47 μm × 9.13 to 11.72 μm (average 25.30×10.43 μm). The second experiment revealed that all selected novel chemicals showed some extent of resistance but the cattle urine, PPN, and K2SiO3 showed a promising effect. Koch’s postulate test for the experiment confirmed the causal organism of blast disease is Magnaporthe oryzaein artificially inoculated plants.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.734
Sidratul Muntaha, Nur-Un- Nesa, G. H. M. Sagor
The genetic variability for yield, its attributing, and fruit quality traits using 38 tomato genotypes was studied. High significant differences among the genotypes were found for all recorded traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was greater than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits indicating the presence of environmental influences. Most of the traits expressed moderate to high heritability. Plant height, number of seed/fruit, chlorophyll content in top leaf, red fruit weight, number of fruit/plant, soluble solid content in exocarp and endocarp of red fruit, titratable acidity of red fruit juice, lycopene content, beta-carotene and yield/plant had high heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of the mean. Yield/plant exhibited a significant positive correlation with number of fruit/plant, number of flower/bunch, red fruit girth, red fruit length and red fruit weight. Path analysis revealed soluble solid content in endocarp of red fruit, number of fruit/plant, plant height, number of bunch/plant, number of flower/bunch, number of seed/fruit, green fruit length, red fruit girth, red fruit length, red fruit weight, lycopene and beta-carotene content had direct positive effect on yield/plant. Principal component analysis depicted first eight PCs with Eigen-value higher than one contributing 76.74% of total variability. Thirty-eight genotypes grouped into seven clusters where cluster II contains maximum genotypes. Based on the mean performance, genotypes Tm-131 and WOP-10 for yield and ascorbic acid content; Puli-25, VI005584 and Tm-2 for total soluble solids; VI-063607 and VI-0337183 for lycopene and beta-carotene content may be considered as superior genotypes which can be used as potential genetic resources for the development of nutritionally rich high-yielding tomato variety.
{"title":"Genetic Dissection for Yield and Fruit Quality Traits in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)","authors":"Sidratul Muntaha, Nur-Un- Nesa, G. H. M. Sagor","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.734","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic variability for yield, its attributing, and fruit quality traits using 38 tomato genotypes was studied. High significant differences among the genotypes were found for all recorded traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was greater than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits indicating the presence of environmental influences. Most of the traits expressed moderate to high heritability. Plant height, number of seed/fruit, chlorophyll content in top leaf, red fruit weight, number of fruit/plant, soluble solid content in exocarp and endocarp of red fruit, titratable acidity of red fruit juice, lycopene content, beta-carotene and yield/plant had high heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of the mean. Yield/plant exhibited a significant positive correlation with number of fruit/plant, number of flower/bunch, red fruit girth, red fruit length and red fruit weight. Path analysis revealed soluble solid content in endocarp of red fruit, number of fruit/plant, plant height, number of bunch/plant, number of flower/bunch, number of seed/fruit, green fruit length, red fruit girth, red fruit length, red fruit weight, lycopene and beta-carotene content had direct positive effect on yield/plant. Principal component analysis depicted first eight PCs with Eigen-value higher than one contributing 76.74% of total variability. Thirty-eight genotypes grouped into seven clusters where cluster II contains maximum genotypes. Based on the mean performance, genotypes Tm-131 and WOP-10 for yield and ascorbic acid content; Puli-25, VI005584 and Tm-2 for total soluble solids; VI-063607 and VI-0337183 for lycopene and beta-carotene content may be considered as superior genotypes which can be used as potential genetic resources for the development of nutritionally rich high-yielding tomato variety.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.714
Patricia P. Ngoda, Isaac P. Kashoma, George G. Msalya, Athumani S. Nguluma
Several factors are said to influence semen quality in breeding bulls. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of season and cold value chains on semen quality parameters. A total of 1652 semen production records from 2018 to 2021 from 10 dairy bulls preserved at the National Artificial Insemination Centre (NAIC), USA River, Arusha, Tanzania, and 540 cryopreserved semen examined were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the results were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean using statistical analysis system (SAS, 2004), to determine whether there were significant differences among variables tested. All semen traits (VOL, SPC, PM, TM, PM, TM, VER, MP, and HP) were significantly (P <0.05) affected by season and cold value chain. During the cold season, the highest values of SPC, PM, TM, PM, TM, VER, MP, and HP were observed as compared to that of the warm season. Furthermore, semen quality decreased gradually from pre-state (before freezing) to post-state (after freezing for 48 hours) with minor affection for semen motility. There was a higher decrease (P <0.05) in quality from cryo-stored semen straw to those of the same batch retrieved back from the field. The semen quality parameters were satisfactory in the first three stages when compared to the semen straw from the field which was observed to have poor motility which could be due to poor handling, leakage of storage and transportation containers, and sometimes the delay of refilling the LN2. Finally, during the cold season and in all stages of semen production the semen is qualitatively and quantitatively good.
{"title":"The Quality of Cryopreserved Dairy Bulls Semen along Supply-Chain Used for Artificial Insemination in Tanzania","authors":"Patricia P. Ngoda, Isaac P. Kashoma, George G. Msalya, Athumani S. Nguluma","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.714","url":null,"abstract":"Several factors are said to influence semen quality in breeding bulls. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of season and cold value chains on semen quality parameters. A total of 1652 semen production records from 2018 to 2021 from 10 dairy bulls preserved at the National Artificial Insemination Centre (NAIC), USA River, Arusha, Tanzania, and 540 cryopreserved semen examined were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the results were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean using statistical analysis system (SAS, 2004), to determine whether there were significant differences among variables tested. All semen traits (VOL, SPC, PM, TM, PM, TM, VER, MP, and HP) were significantly (P <0.05) affected by season and cold value chain. During the cold season, the highest values of SPC, PM, TM, PM, TM, VER, MP, and HP were observed as compared to that of the warm season. Furthermore, semen quality decreased gradually from pre-state (before freezing) to post-state (after freezing for 48 hours) with minor affection for semen motility. There was a higher decrease (P <0.05) in quality from cryo-stored semen straw to those of the same batch retrieved back from the field. The semen quality parameters were satisfactory in the first three stages when compared to the semen straw from the field which was observed to have poor motility which could be due to poor handling, leakage of storage and transportation containers, and sometimes the delay of refilling the LN2. Finally, during the cold season and in all stages of semen production the semen is qualitatively and quantitatively good.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.730
Jahid Hasan Shaown, Md. Main Uddin Miah, Tofayel Ahamed, Emrul Kayesh, Anika Reza, Shohana Parvin
Aonla based multistoried agroforestry with vegetables is a promising solution to mitigate the devastating effects of climate change by offering multidimensional benefits. Disappointedly, Bangladeshi farmers are less equipped about the cultivation techniques, economics, and yields of multistory agroforestry production systems. Consequently, the goal of the current study was to evaluate the profitability and yield potentiality of aonla-based multistoried broccoli production system during the period of November 22 to March 23. Three separate multistory agroforestry systems were covered by the three treatments, while an open field served as the control treatment. to keep track of the system's expansion and economic success; soil analysis, photosynthetically active radiation, plant height, number of leaves, head length, head width, head weight, total yield, BCR, and LER were calculated following different established methods. While compared to sole cropping, the agroforestry approach drastically reduced the production of broccoli by 89%. Soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and sulfur were higher in agroforestry system than that of control plot. In fact, the agroforestry system had some negative effects on the rate of crop growth in understored conditions. Despite, net return and BCR from aonla-based multistoried agroforestry system were 4-11 lakh and 2.24-3.98, which was 69-87 and 41- 67 %, respectively higher than sole cropping systems. The LER of aonla based multistoried agroforestry system was 3.20. The major conclusions show that aonla orchards can be converted to agroforestry systems to increase productivity, generate money, and protect the environment, however due to poor performance, broccoli cannot be grown in multistory systems.
{"title":"Suitability of Broccoli in Aonla based Multistoried Fruit Production Model","authors":"Jahid Hasan Shaown, Md. Main Uddin Miah, Tofayel Ahamed, Emrul Kayesh, Anika Reza, Shohana Parvin","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.730","url":null,"abstract":"Aonla based multistoried agroforestry with vegetables is a promising solution to mitigate the devastating effects of climate change by offering multidimensional benefits. Disappointedly, Bangladeshi farmers are less equipped about the cultivation techniques, economics, and yields of multistory agroforestry production systems. Consequently, the goal of the current study was to evaluate the profitability and yield potentiality of aonla-based multistoried broccoli production system during the period of November 22 to March 23. Three separate multistory agroforestry systems were covered by the three treatments, while an open field served as the control treatment. to keep track of the system's expansion and economic success; soil analysis, photosynthetically active radiation, plant height, number of leaves, head length, head width, head weight, total yield, BCR, and LER were calculated following different established methods. While compared to sole cropping, the agroforestry approach drastically reduced the production of broccoli by 89%. Soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and sulfur were higher in agroforestry system than that of control plot. In fact, the agroforestry system had some negative effects on the rate of crop growth in understored conditions. Despite, net return and BCR from aonla-based multistoried agroforestry system were 4-11 lakh and 2.24-3.98, which was 69-87 and 41- 67 %, respectively higher than sole cropping systems. The LER of aonla based multistoried agroforestry system was 3.20. The major conclusions show that aonla orchards can be converted to agroforestry systems to increase productivity, generate money, and protect the environment, however due to poor performance, broccoli cannot be grown in multistory systems.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.724
Mst. Noorunnahar, Rabbani Rushsa, Keya Rani Das
Climatic factors like temperature, rainfall, humidity, CO2 and solar radiation significantly impact agricultural production. Bangladesh is primarily an agriculture-based developing country. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), the main food of Bangladeshi people also provides a significant percentage of their regular, balanced diet. Many studies have been conducted to determine the effects of climate variability and change on rice productivity in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rice crop production and climate variables (namely, average temperature, rainfall, CO2, and humidity) and find out the best model that has an actual impact on rice production. Selecting 'potential predictors' from numerous possible variables to influence the forecast variable and investigating the most appropriate model with a subset of the potential predictors are two major difficulties of fitting the multiple linear regression model. Best subset regression and stepwise regression were used to fit the model using R software. Our results revealed that temperature and CO2 were statistically significant for rice production at 5% and 1% levels of significance respectively. From Adjusted R2, climatic parameters account for 17.39 percent of the variation in rice production. Temperature and CO2 are the best predictors, according to model Cp and AIC values, and stepwise regression also supports this finding. The model that had been so successfully fitted was considered to be highly significant, demonstrating its potential for use in reality by the concerned planners and policymakers.
{"title":"Climate Change and Rice Production in Bangladesh: Finding the Best Prospective Factors Using Multiple Linear Regression Modeling Techniques","authors":"Mst. Noorunnahar, Rabbani Rushsa, Keya Rani Das","doi":"10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2023.5.5.724","url":null,"abstract":"Climatic factors like temperature, rainfall, humidity, CO2 and solar radiation significantly impact agricultural production. Bangladesh is primarily an agriculture-based developing country. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), the main food of Bangladeshi people also provides a significant percentage of their regular, balanced diet. Many studies have been conducted to determine the effects of climate variability and change on rice productivity in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rice crop production and climate variables (namely, average temperature, rainfall, CO2, and humidity) and find out the best model that has an actual impact on rice production. Selecting 'potential predictors' from numerous possible variables to influence the forecast variable and investigating the most appropriate model with a subset of the potential predictors are two major difficulties of fitting the multiple linear regression model. Best subset regression and stepwise regression were used to fit the model using R software. Our results revealed that temperature and CO2 were statistically significant for rice production at 5% and 1% levels of significance respectively. From Adjusted R2, climatic parameters account for 17.39 percent of the variation in rice production. Temperature and CO2 are the best predictors, according to model Cp and AIC values, and stepwise regression also supports this finding. The model that had been so successfully fitted was considered to be highly significant, demonstrating its potential for use in reality by the concerned planners and policymakers.","PeriodicalId":11865,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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