Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.22034/ecc.2021.293309.1195
Z. Asefy, S. Mammadova, A. Nasibova, R. Khalilov, E. Aliyev, R. Zhdanov, A. Eftekhari
Nowadays that some countries are applying exit plans from corona restriction rules, the role of environmental health will become clear. The COVID-19 pandemic is driving the demand for disinfectants, pharmaceutical agents, masks and nutritional strategies, which has led to increased interest in public and environmental health. There is an urgent need to identify the health effect of various chemicals in our environment and consider the development and application of environmentally friendly chemicals including magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, antibody-linked graphene sheets to verify them for various health problems. This review inspects the strategies to prevent and improve environmental health and the impact of chemicals in post-coronavirus infection.
{"title":"Post corona: Chemicals, environmental factors, and public health","authors":"Z. Asefy, S. Mammadova, A. Nasibova, R. Khalilov, E. Aliyev, R. Zhdanov, A. Eftekhari","doi":"10.22034/ecc.2021.293309.1195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/ecc.2021.293309.1195","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays that some countries are applying exit plans from corona restriction rules, the role of environmental health will become clear. The COVID-19 pandemic is driving the demand for disinfectants, pharmaceutical agents, masks and nutritional strategies, which has led to increased interest in public and environmental health. There is an urgent need to identify the health effect of various chemicals in our environment and consider the development and application of environmentally friendly chemicals including magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, antibody-linked graphene sheets to verify them for various health problems. This review inspects the strategies to prevent and improve environmental health and the impact of chemicals in post-coronavirus infection.","PeriodicalId":11871,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Chemical Communications","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87812622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.33945/sami/ecc.2020.5.3
R. Tayebee, A. Gohari
The new findings concerning synthesis of some 2, 4, 5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles is disclosed in the absence of any catalyst. Results indicated that by enhancing the amount of ammonium acetate, an obvious acceleration can be observed in the reaction progress. It is believed that ammonium acetate should be converted to ammonia and acetic acid during the reaction and the produced acid can catalyze the reaction progress. We believe that the observed efficiency for the previously reported catalytic systems has been mainly due to the presence of high molar ratio of ammonium acetate in the reaction medium and presence of auxiliary catalyst only improved the yield%.
{"title":"The dual role of ammonium acetate as reagent and catalyst in the synthesis of 2, 4, 5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles","authors":"R. Tayebee, A. Gohari","doi":"10.33945/sami/ecc.2020.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/sami/ecc.2020.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"The new findings concerning synthesis of some 2, 4, 5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles is disclosed in the absence of any catalyst. Results indicated that by enhancing the amount of ammonium acetate, an obvious acceleration can be observed in the reaction progress. It is believed that ammonium acetate should be converted to ammonia and acetic acid during the reaction and the produced acid can catalyze the reaction progress. We believe that the observed efficiency for the previously reported catalytic systems has been mainly due to the presence of high molar ratio of ammonium acetate in the reaction medium and presence of auxiliary catalyst only improved the yield%.","PeriodicalId":11871,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Chemical Communications","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86007694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.33945/sami/ecc.2020.4.6
{"title":"Modified nano-γ-alumina with 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of everzol red 3BS dye from aqueous solutions","authors":"","doi":"10.33945/sami/ecc.2020.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/sami/ecc.2020.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11871,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Chemical Communications","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83867201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.33945/SAMI/ECC.2020.3.4
Marziyeh Rohaniyan, A. Davoodnia, A. Khojastehnezhad, S. Beyramabadi
The catalytic activity of newly prepared functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets, denoted as GO-SB-H2PMo, has been investigated in the synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols through the one-pot, three-component reaction of β‐naphthol with various aryl aldehydes and acetamide. The reactions occur under solvent-free conditions and the process is operative with various aryl aldehydes, giving the corresponding products in high yields over short reaction times. Moreover, the catalyst could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused such that considerable catalytic activity can still be achieved after the fifth run.
{"title":"Catalytic evaluation of newly prepared GO-SB-H2PMo as an efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for the neat synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols","authors":"Marziyeh Rohaniyan, A. Davoodnia, A. Khojastehnezhad, S. Beyramabadi","doi":"10.33945/SAMI/ECC.2020.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/ECC.2020.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The catalytic activity of newly prepared functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets, denoted as GO-SB-H2PMo, has been investigated in the synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols through the one-pot, three-component reaction of β‐naphthol with various aryl aldehydes and acetamide. The reactions occur under solvent-free conditions and the process is operative with various aryl aldehydes, giving the corresponding products in high yields over short reaction times. Moreover, the catalyst could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused such that considerable catalytic activity can still be achieved after the fifth run.","PeriodicalId":11871,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Chemical Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89676494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.33945/sami/ecc.2020.1.6
E. Ahmadian, S. Maleki, Simin Sharifi, A. Eftekhari, M. Samiei
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mainly acts as a filler in the connective tissues. The goal of the current study was to develop and evaluate the physiochemical properties of HA hydrogel nanoscaffolds. Chemical precipitation technique and the use of glutaraldehyde-based crosslinking were utilized to prepare the nanoscaffolds. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta sizer (measurement of zeta potential), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to characterize the produced HA hydrogel nanoscaffolds. A relatively bimodal and monodispersed HA nanohydrogels were obtained and the mean particle size was reported to be 291.30 nm. In addition, the results showed that zeta potential had a negative value (-5.96 mv). The FTIR results proved the crosslinking of the constructed scaffold. The observed physiochemical specifications proposed that HA hydrogel nanoscaffolds could hold promise in different biomedical implementations in particular, tissue regeneration.
{"title":"Hyaluronic acid hydrogel nanoscaffolds: production and assessment of the physicochemical properties","authors":"E. Ahmadian, S. Maleki, Simin Sharifi, A. Eftekhari, M. Samiei","doi":"10.33945/sami/ecc.2020.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/sami/ecc.2020.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mainly acts as a filler in the connective tissues. The goal of the current study was to develop and evaluate the physiochemical properties of HA hydrogel nanoscaffolds. Chemical precipitation technique and the use of glutaraldehyde-based crosslinking were utilized to prepare the nanoscaffolds. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta sizer (measurement of zeta potential), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to characterize the produced HA hydrogel nanoscaffolds. A relatively bimodal and monodispersed HA nanohydrogels were obtained and the mean particle size was reported to be 291.30 nm. In addition, the results showed that zeta potential had a negative value (-5.96 mv). The FTIR results proved the crosslinking of the constructed scaffold. The observed physiochemical specifications proposed that HA hydrogel nanoscaffolds could hold promise in different biomedical implementations in particular, tissue regeneration.","PeriodicalId":11871,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Chemical Communications","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78985367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.9
Irina Krish, O. Beznaeva, O. Bannikova, D. Myalenko, V. Romanova
In the current study, development of the polymer packaging modification technology with natural antimicrobial and antioxidant components were carried out. The aim was to add some new properties to the packaging in order to prolong the shelf life of packaged food products. The birch bark extract with the main active ingredient betulin and dihydroquercetin was used as the natural modifier. The natural starch-based fillers were used to impart the biodegradation effect on the polymeric materials. Definition of the rheological properties of polymers, deformation-strength characteristics of polymer compositions before and after the composting method, sanitary, and chemical properties of polymer materials were evaluated. It should be noted that the laboratory extruder with ultrasonic processing (US) of the polymer composite materials’ melt (PCM) was used to obtain experimental samples. The results have proved the effectiveness of the usage of ultrasonic treatment to obtain PCM based on betulin and starch. A patent application was generated as well.
{"title":"Creation of biodegradable polymeric materials with antimicrobial properties","authors":"Irina Krish, O. Beznaeva, O. Bannikova, D. Myalenko, V. Romanova","doi":"10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.9","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, development of the polymer packaging modification technology with natural antimicrobial and antioxidant components were carried out. The aim was to add some new properties to the packaging in order to prolong the shelf life of packaged food products. The birch bark extract with the main active ingredient betulin and dihydroquercetin was used as the natural modifier. The natural starch-based fillers were used to impart the biodegradation effect on the polymeric materials. Definition of the rheological properties of polymers, deformation-strength characteristics of polymer compositions before and after the composting method, sanitary, and chemical properties of polymer materials were evaluated. It should be noted that the laboratory extruder with ultrasonic processing (US) of the polymer composite materials’ melt (PCM) was used to obtain experimental samples. The results have proved the effectiveness of the usage of ultrasonic treatment to obtain PCM based on betulin and starch. A patent application was generated as well.","PeriodicalId":11871,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Chemical Communications","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86324101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.1
Tayeb Ab Matin, N. Ghasemi, Keivan Ghodrati, M. Ramezani
Here, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (NPs) using aqueous extract of Scrophularia Striata was demonstrated. In order to obtain the best formation conditions of NPs, different physicochemical parameters such as volume of the extract, silver ion concentration, temperature and reaction time were studied. Synthesized resultant NPs were characterized using UV, SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR and DLS analyses. A color change to brown after adding the extract to the silver nitrate solution was observed which indicated the formation of silver NPs. The synthesized silver NPs by Scrophularia Striata extract showed the highest absorbance at 426 nm. Plants use as stabilizing and reducing agents for NPs, due to their antioxidant properties and many secondary compounds.
{"title":"Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Scrophularia Striata extract","authors":"Tayeb Ab Matin, N. Ghasemi, Keivan Ghodrati, M. Ramezani","doi":"10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"Here, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (NPs) using aqueous extract of Scrophularia Striata was demonstrated. In order to obtain the best formation conditions of NPs, different physicochemical parameters such as volume of the extract, silver ion concentration, temperature and reaction time were studied. Synthesized resultant NPs were characterized using UV, SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR and DLS analyses. A color change to brown after adding the extract to the silver nitrate solution was observed which indicated the formation of silver NPs. The synthesized silver NPs by Scrophularia Striata extract showed the highest absorbance at 426 nm. Plants use as stabilizing and reducing agents for NPs, due to their antioxidant properties and many secondary compounds.","PeriodicalId":11871,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Chemical Communications","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80458686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.3
M. Deilam, A. Ghasemi̇, F. Ashrafi̇
In this research, Bendamustine anticancer drug in main and excited states in gaseous phase and in water, ethanol and methanol solvent phases have studied, using DFT and at MPW1PW91/6-311++G(d, p) theoretical level. The molecules of solvent affected the equilibrium structure of species. The effects of solvents have studied by Polarized continuum model (PCM). The optimized structural parameters in gaseous and in water, ethanol and methanol solvent phases as frequency data, relative energy, dipole moment, the energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), density functional graphs and gap energies have calculated. The results of theoretical computations confirm that the structure of drug, in both the main and the excited states, is more stable in liquid phase than in gaseous phase, and most stable in water. The computation results confirm that the drug stability increase by increasing in polarizability of solvent.
{"title":"Study of bendamustine anticancer drug in gaseous and in a few selected liquid solvents phases using functional density theory (DFT)","authors":"M. Deilam, A. Ghasemi̇, F. Ashrafi̇","doi":"10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, Bendamustine anticancer drug in main and excited states in gaseous phase and in water, ethanol and methanol solvent phases have studied, using DFT and at MPW1PW91/6-311++G(d, p) theoretical level. The molecules of solvent affected the equilibrium structure of species. The effects of solvents have studied by Polarized continuum model (PCM). The optimized structural parameters in gaseous and in water, ethanol and methanol solvent phases as frequency data, relative energy, dipole moment, the energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), density functional graphs and gap energies have calculated. The results of theoretical computations confirm that the structure of drug, in both the main and the excited states, is more stable in liquid phase than in gaseous phase, and most stable in water. The computation results confirm that the drug stability increase by increasing in polarizability of solvent.","PeriodicalId":11871,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Chemical Communications","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81899521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.5
S. Mehdizadeh, N. Ghasemi, M. Ramezani
Silver nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by aqueous Beetroot extract. Effective parameters on the synthesis of silver NPs like pH, extract volume, silver nitrate concentration and time of reaction have been investigated at room temperature. The synthesized silver NPs have been studied with different analysis like UV-Vis, FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, and XRD. Our analysis indicates that the level of Surface Plasmon is 439 nm. The shape of NPs is spherical and the size is 20-30 nm by using FE-SEM and TEM technique. Four bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhymurium) were used as references bacteria to analyze the antibacterial effect. Antibacterial results show, gram negative bacteria are so sensitive to synthesized silver NP. Recommended method was completely eco-friendly.
{"title":"The Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Beetroot extract and its antibacterial and catalytic activity","authors":"S. Mehdizadeh, N. Ghasemi, M. Ramezani","doi":"10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.5","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by aqueous Beetroot extract. Effective parameters on the synthesis of silver NPs like pH, extract volume, silver nitrate concentration and time of reaction have been investigated at room temperature. The synthesized silver NPs have been studied with different analysis like UV-Vis, FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, and XRD. Our analysis indicates that the level of Surface Plasmon is 439 nm. The shape of NPs is spherical and the size is 20-30 nm by using FE-SEM and TEM technique. Four bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhymurium) were used as references bacteria to analyze the antibacterial effect. Antibacterial results show, gram negative bacteria are so sensitive to synthesized silver NP. Recommended method was completely eco-friendly.","PeriodicalId":11871,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Chemical Communications","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76244104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.10
Irina Krish, D. Pomogova, I. Tveritnikova, O. Beznaeva, O. Bannikova, V. Romanova, Daria M. Zagrebina
This study aimed at investigating the dependence of the ultrasonic (US) effects on the structure and properties of the polymer mixtures with different viscosity values. It should be noted that in the current study, polypropylene and high-pressure polyethylene of different brands were selected. The polymer composite materials (PCM) of various compositions treated with and without ultrasound were used. The formation dependence of the phase structures of polyolefin compositions on composition and viscosity of polymer systems was established. The regularity "structure-properties" of modified mixtures of polyolefins was determined. The influence of ultrasonic on the restoration process of the structure and the formation of new chemical bonds in polyolefin mixtures was discussed. The structure of the compositions of the polymer and technological conditions for their processing, which providing high physical and mechanical characteristics of PCM, were also proposed. The results indicated that to create compositions with high physical and mechanical characteristics, it is recommended to use a mixture of polyolefins containing 70% PE, modified by ultrasonic treatment.
{"title":"Effect of ultrasound exposure on melts of polyolefin compositions","authors":"Irina Krish, D. Pomogova, I. Tveritnikova, O. Beznaeva, O. Bannikova, V. Romanova, Daria M. Zagrebina","doi":"10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33945/sami/ecc.2019.6.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at investigating the dependence of the ultrasonic (US) effects on the structure and properties of the polymer mixtures with different viscosity values. It should be noted that in the current study, polypropylene and high-pressure polyethylene of different brands were selected. The polymer composite materials (PCM) of various compositions treated with and without ultrasound were used. The formation dependence of the phase structures of polyolefin compositions on composition and viscosity of polymer systems was established. The regularity \"structure-properties\" of modified mixtures of polyolefins was determined. The influence of ultrasonic on the restoration process of the structure and the formation of new chemical bonds in polyolefin mixtures was discussed. The structure of the compositions of the polymer and technological conditions for their processing, which providing high physical and mechanical characteristics of PCM, were also proposed. The results indicated that to create compositions with high physical and mechanical characteristics, it is recommended to use a mixture of polyolefins containing 70% PE, modified by ultrasonic treatment.","PeriodicalId":11871,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Chemical Communications","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76684055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}