Ebrahim Shaabani Ezdini, Ahmad Rahmani, Mahboobeh Esmaeilniya, Elham Gholizadeh, I. Dergaa, Tyler W Lebaron
Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced athletes worldwide. Objectives: This research aims to investigate the effects of a 4-week aerobic exercise program on athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes during the post-COVID-19 period. Methods: Fourteen male student-athletes aged 18 - 25 years from Imam Khomeini International University participated in this study. The participants comprised 7 recovered COVID-19 athletes and 7 athletes with no prior COVID-19 infection. The study employed a pre-test/post-test design conducted in 2 phases. During the pre and post-test phases, participants underwent baseline assessments of athletic performance, including maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and anaerobic power. Subsequently, the participants engaged in a 4-week aerobic exercise intervention. Pre- and post-intervention outcomes within groups were compared using paired t-tests, while independent t-tests were utilized for comparisons between the recovered COVID-19 athlete group and the uninfected athlete group. Results: Independent t-tests demonstrated significant increases in VO2 max and peak power after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise in both the recovered COVID-19 group (P = 0.001, P = 0.0001) and the uninfected COVID-19 group (P = 0.012, P = 0.001). However, dependent t-tests revealed a significant difference between the recovered COVID-19 group and the uninfected COVID-19 group in the post-test of VO2 max (P = 0.044) and peak power (P = 0.001). Conclusions: This study indicates that a 4-week aerobic exercise regimen can improve athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes. However, recovered COVID-19 athletes exhibited a notably slower rate of improvement compared to their uninfected counterparts. Therefore, it is recommended that, in addition to aerobic exercise, recovered athletes integrate supplementary strategies to optimize their return-to-sport timeline and maximize performance recovery.
{"title":"The Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Athletic Performance in Recovered and Uninfected COVID-19 Athletes during Post-COVID-19 Period","authors":"Ebrahim Shaabani Ezdini, Ahmad Rahmani, Mahboobeh Esmaeilniya, Elham Gholizadeh, I. Dergaa, Tyler W Lebaron","doi":"10.5812/intjssh-144533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjssh-144533","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced athletes worldwide. Objectives: This research aims to investigate the effects of a 4-week aerobic exercise program on athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes during the post-COVID-19 period. Methods: Fourteen male student-athletes aged 18 - 25 years from Imam Khomeini International University participated in this study. The participants comprised 7 recovered COVID-19 athletes and 7 athletes with no prior COVID-19 infection. The study employed a pre-test/post-test design conducted in 2 phases. During the pre and post-test phases, participants underwent baseline assessments of athletic performance, including maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and anaerobic power. Subsequently, the participants engaged in a 4-week aerobic exercise intervention. Pre- and post-intervention outcomes within groups were compared using paired t-tests, while independent t-tests were utilized for comparisons between the recovered COVID-19 athlete group and the uninfected athlete group. Results: Independent t-tests demonstrated significant increases in VO2 max and peak power after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise in both the recovered COVID-19 group (P = 0.001, P = 0.0001) and the uninfected COVID-19 group (P = 0.012, P = 0.001). However, dependent t-tests revealed a significant difference between the recovered COVID-19 group and the uninfected COVID-19 group in the post-test of VO2 max (P = 0.044) and peak power (P = 0.001). Conclusions: This study indicates that a 4-week aerobic exercise regimen can improve athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes. However, recovered COVID-19 athletes exhibited a notably slower rate of improvement compared to their uninfected counterparts. Therefore, it is recommended that, in addition to aerobic exercise, recovered athletes integrate supplementary strategies to optimize their return-to-sport timeline and maximize performance recovery.","PeriodicalId":118920,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Studies for Health","volume":"28 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139778615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ebrahim Shaabani Ezdini, Ahmad Rahmani, Mahboobeh Esmaeilniya, Elham Gholizadeh, I. Dergaa, Tyler W Lebaron
Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced athletes worldwide. Objectives: This research aims to investigate the effects of a 4-week aerobic exercise program on athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes during the post-COVID-19 period. Methods: Fourteen male student-athletes aged 18 - 25 years from Imam Khomeini International University participated in this study. The participants comprised 7 recovered COVID-19 athletes and 7 athletes with no prior COVID-19 infection. The study employed a pre-test/post-test design conducted in 2 phases. During the pre and post-test phases, participants underwent baseline assessments of athletic performance, including maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and anaerobic power. Subsequently, the participants engaged in a 4-week aerobic exercise intervention. Pre- and post-intervention outcomes within groups were compared using paired t-tests, while independent t-tests were utilized for comparisons between the recovered COVID-19 athlete group and the uninfected athlete group. Results: Independent t-tests demonstrated significant increases in VO2 max and peak power after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise in both the recovered COVID-19 group (P = 0.001, P = 0.0001) and the uninfected COVID-19 group (P = 0.012, P = 0.001). However, dependent t-tests revealed a significant difference between the recovered COVID-19 group and the uninfected COVID-19 group in the post-test of VO2 max (P = 0.044) and peak power (P = 0.001). Conclusions: This study indicates that a 4-week aerobic exercise regimen can improve athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes. However, recovered COVID-19 athletes exhibited a notably slower rate of improvement compared to their uninfected counterparts. Therefore, it is recommended that, in addition to aerobic exercise, recovered athletes integrate supplementary strategies to optimize their return-to-sport timeline and maximize performance recovery.
{"title":"The Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Athletic Performance in Recovered and Uninfected COVID-19 Athletes during Post-COVID-19 Period","authors":"Ebrahim Shaabani Ezdini, Ahmad Rahmani, Mahboobeh Esmaeilniya, Elham Gholizadeh, I. Dergaa, Tyler W Lebaron","doi":"10.5812/intjssh-144533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjssh-144533","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced athletes worldwide. Objectives: This research aims to investigate the effects of a 4-week aerobic exercise program on athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes during the post-COVID-19 period. Methods: Fourteen male student-athletes aged 18 - 25 years from Imam Khomeini International University participated in this study. The participants comprised 7 recovered COVID-19 athletes and 7 athletes with no prior COVID-19 infection. The study employed a pre-test/post-test design conducted in 2 phases. During the pre and post-test phases, participants underwent baseline assessments of athletic performance, including maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and anaerobic power. Subsequently, the participants engaged in a 4-week aerobic exercise intervention. Pre- and post-intervention outcomes within groups were compared using paired t-tests, while independent t-tests were utilized for comparisons between the recovered COVID-19 athlete group and the uninfected athlete group. Results: Independent t-tests demonstrated significant increases in VO2 max and peak power after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise in both the recovered COVID-19 group (P = 0.001, P = 0.0001) and the uninfected COVID-19 group (P = 0.012, P = 0.001). However, dependent t-tests revealed a significant difference between the recovered COVID-19 group and the uninfected COVID-19 group in the post-test of VO2 max (P = 0.044) and peak power (P = 0.001). Conclusions: This study indicates that a 4-week aerobic exercise regimen can improve athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes. However, recovered COVID-19 athletes exhibited a notably slower rate of improvement compared to their uninfected counterparts. Therefore, it is recommended that, in addition to aerobic exercise, recovered athletes integrate supplementary strategies to optimize their return-to-sport timeline and maximize performance recovery.","PeriodicalId":118920,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Studies for Health","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139838186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Background: Inflammatory markers have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and heart failure in the elderly individuals. Resistance exercises are one effective method to manage inflammation in this population. Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to explore the impact of resistance training on inflammatory markers in the elderly. Methods: All randomized controlled clinical trials (from 2004 to 2023) that examined the effect of resistance training on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in individuals over 50 years old were selected through a systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and SID databases, that out of 600 studies identified, 31 met the inclusion criteria for our analysis. Random and fixed effects models, along with the I2 heterogeneity test, Egger test, and funnel plot, were used to determine publication bias using CMA2 software. The effect size (ES) was reported in terms of the standard mean difference (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The meta-analysis results indicated that resistance training significantly reduced CRP (ES = -0.49, 95% CI = -0.34 to -0.64, P = 0.001) and IL-6 (ES = -0.27, 95% CI = -0.41 to -0.13, P = 0.001) levels. However, it did not have a significant effect on TNF-α levels (ES = -0.22, 95% CI = 0.02 to -0.47, P = 0.075). Subgroup analyses revealed that resistance training for more than 16 weeks and a training frequency of three times a week led to a greater decrease in CRP and IL-6 levels in the elderly. Conclusions: The findings of this meta-analysis suggest a significant decrease in CRP and IL-6 levels in the elderly due to resistance training. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis indicated that higher training volumes (training duration and frequency) result in a greater reduction in these markers' levels. Based on these findings, it is advisable for elderly individuals to consider incorporating resistance training into their regular exercise routines.
{"title":"The Impact of Resistance Training on IL-6, TNF-a, and CRP Levels in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study","authors":"M. Rahimi, Zanyar Mehrwand","doi":"10.5812/intjssh-144053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjssh-144053","url":null,"abstract":": Background: Inflammatory markers have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and heart failure in the elderly individuals. Resistance exercises are one effective method to manage inflammation in this population. Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to explore the impact of resistance training on inflammatory markers in the elderly. Methods: All randomized controlled clinical trials (from 2004 to 2023) that examined the effect of resistance training on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in individuals over 50 years old were selected through a systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and SID databases, that out of 600 studies identified, 31 met the inclusion criteria for our analysis. Random and fixed effects models, along with the I2 heterogeneity test, Egger test, and funnel plot, were used to determine publication bias using CMA2 software. The effect size (ES) was reported in terms of the standard mean difference (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The meta-analysis results indicated that resistance training significantly reduced CRP (ES = -0.49, 95% CI = -0.34 to -0.64, P = 0.001) and IL-6 (ES = -0.27, 95% CI = -0.41 to -0.13, P = 0.001) levels. However, it did not have a significant effect on TNF-α levels (ES = -0.22, 95% CI = 0.02 to -0.47, P = 0.075). Subgroup analyses revealed that resistance training for more than 16 weeks and a training frequency of three times a week led to a greater decrease in CRP and IL-6 levels in the elderly. Conclusions: The findings of this meta-analysis suggest a significant decrease in CRP and IL-6 levels in the elderly due to resistance training. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis indicated that higher training volumes (training duration and frequency) result in a greater reduction in these markers' levels. Based on these findings, it is advisable for elderly individuals to consider incorporating resistance training into their regular exercise routines.","PeriodicalId":118920,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Studies for Health","volume":"708 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oğuzhan Adanur, Mertkan Oncu, Musa Turkmen, Özgür Eken, A. Kurtoglu, Baglan Yermakhanov, Edi Setiawan, J. Muracki
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lemon aroma (LA) and music on anaerobic power and balance in athletes following sporting activity. Recognizing the potential influence of sensory stimuli on performance, we sought to contribute valuable insights into optimizing recovery strategies for athletes. Objectives: The primary objective was to assess the effects of LA and music on anaerobic power and balance, employing a comprehensive set of physical fitness factors. Methods: Twelve male amateur athletes were randomly included in our study. These individuals were given LA, music, and with no supplementation (control) for 72 hours, followed by a standardized recovery phase using a Monarch ergometer, and lactic acid levels were measured after the intervention to assess the physiological effect. Balance analysis covering both static and dynamic conditions was performed using a specialized balance machine. Isometric dynamometer measurements and detailed assessments of Sargent's jumping performance were performed to analyze physical fitness factors. Results: Significant differences were observed in balance parameters, with both static balance (SB) and dynamic balance (DB) registering higher values in the control time (P = 0.006; P < 0.001, respectively). Lemon aroma exposure resulted in the highest values for peak power (PP) and relative PP (RPP) (P < 0.001; P < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, in the control time exhibited the lowest values for relative anaerobic power (RAP) and vertical jump (VJ). Conclusions: The findings suggest a positive influence of stimulating aroma (lemon) and music elements on sportive performance. Lemon aroma was associated with enhanced anaerobic power, while the control group exhibited superior balance outcomes. These results underscore the potential benefits of incorporating sensory interventions into athletes' recovery protocols for optimized performance.
{"title":"Effect of Music and Lemon Aroma on Anaerobic Power and Balance of Athletes After Exhausting Activity","authors":"Oğuzhan Adanur, Mertkan Oncu, Musa Turkmen, Özgür Eken, A. Kurtoglu, Baglan Yermakhanov, Edi Setiawan, J. Muracki","doi":"10.5812/intjssh-143570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjssh-143570","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lemon aroma (LA) and music on anaerobic power and balance in athletes following sporting activity. Recognizing the potential influence of sensory stimuli on performance, we sought to contribute valuable insights into optimizing recovery strategies for athletes. Objectives: The primary objective was to assess the effects of LA and music on anaerobic power and balance, employing a comprehensive set of physical fitness factors. Methods: Twelve male amateur athletes were randomly included in our study. These individuals were given LA, music, and with no supplementation (control) for 72 hours, followed by a standardized recovery phase using a Monarch ergometer, and lactic acid levels were measured after the intervention to assess the physiological effect. Balance analysis covering both static and dynamic conditions was performed using a specialized balance machine. Isometric dynamometer measurements and detailed assessments of Sargent's jumping performance were performed to analyze physical fitness factors. Results: Significant differences were observed in balance parameters, with both static balance (SB) and dynamic balance (DB) registering higher values in the control time (P = 0.006; P < 0.001, respectively). Lemon aroma exposure resulted in the highest values for peak power (PP) and relative PP (RPP) (P < 0.001; P < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, in the control time exhibited the lowest values for relative anaerobic power (RAP) and vertical jump (VJ). Conclusions: The findings suggest a positive influence of stimulating aroma (lemon) and music elements on sportive performance. Lemon aroma was associated with enhanced anaerobic power, while the control group exhibited superior balance outcomes. These results underscore the potential benefits of incorporating sensory interventions into athletes' recovery protocols for optimized performance.","PeriodicalId":118920,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Studies for Health","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Gut microbiota composition plays a pivotal role in health and emerging evidence supports the ability of exercise training programs to alter the gut microbiota’s composition and function, which could counteract dysbiosis and the effects of chronic diseases. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of different exercise methods on the composition of intestinal microbiota. Methods: We searched for published peer-reviewed articles in PubMed and Google Scholar databases up until January 2023. We searched using the terms "exercise", "education", "microbiome" and "microbiota". Results: By electronic search until January 2023 in the databases with keywords made in Mesh by mentioning Title/Abstract, several 1814 articles were collected. By repeating and performing filtering at each stage, 15 clinical trials were finally left in the study. The results showed varying degrees of efficacy and high inter-individual variations. In conclusion, the baseline microbiome profile was shown to have a decisive role in microbiome responsiveness to training intervention and training dose and duration seem to be a determining factor in all exercise modalities. Conclusions: In general, can be said that exercise can balance gut microbiota (GM). More importantly, exercise is proposed to present a stressor to the gut that stimulates beneficial adaptations and improves long-term gut barrier flexibility over time through regular physical activity. It seems that the GM changes caused by aerobic exercise are reversible after returning to a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, it is recommended that exercise initially causes a disrupts in GM that, with continued exercise and thus adaptation, revenues to the pre-exercise state.
{"title":"The Effect of Various Types of Exercise on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review","authors":"Mohammadreza Rabiee, M. Mousavi","doi":"10.5812/intjssh-141680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjssh-141680","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Gut microbiota composition plays a pivotal role in health and emerging evidence supports the ability of exercise training programs to alter the gut microbiota’s composition and function, which could counteract dysbiosis and the effects of chronic diseases. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of different exercise methods on the composition of intestinal microbiota. Methods: We searched for published peer-reviewed articles in PubMed and Google Scholar databases up until January 2023. We searched using the terms \"exercise\", \"education\", \"microbiome\" and \"microbiota\". Results: By electronic search until January 2023 in the databases with keywords made in Mesh by mentioning Title/Abstract, several 1814 articles were collected. By repeating and performing filtering at each stage, 15 clinical trials were finally left in the study. The results showed varying degrees of efficacy and high inter-individual variations. In conclusion, the baseline microbiome profile was shown to have a decisive role in microbiome responsiveness to training intervention and training dose and duration seem to be a determining factor in all exercise modalities. Conclusions: In general, can be said that exercise can balance gut microbiota (GM). More importantly, exercise is proposed to present a stressor to the gut that stimulates beneficial adaptations and improves long-term gut barrier flexibility over time through regular physical activity. It seems that the GM changes caused by aerobic exercise are reversible after returning to a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, it is recommended that exercise initially causes a disrupts in GM that, with continued exercise and thus adaptation, revenues to the pre-exercise state.","PeriodicalId":118920,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Studies for Health","volume":"72 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Anabolic steroids and bodybuilding supplements are products that are readily available in the market and are increasingly being used by young people and athletes. This trend has become a social issue worldwide. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine and determine the changes in the prevalence and trends of anabolic steroid usage in Iran. Methods: This ecological study utilized the Google Trends database as its primary source. Initially, we searched for specific keywords related to "anabolic steroids (AS)", "Body-building supplements (BBS)", and "COVID-19" among all searches conducted using GTs from January 2017 to December 2022. Subsequently, Spearman's correlation coefficient was employed to assess the association between the keywords "AS" and "BBS" with the term "COVID-19" during various years. Results: The preference for consuming protein (58.19 ± 15.24) was highest among BBS, while recovery (12.14 ± 17.09) was the lowest. In the case of AS, the highest search frequency was related to Testosterone (56.64 ± 9.57), while the lowest was related to Primobolan (13.72 ± 8.21). In early 2020, we observed a significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the inclination to use BBS and AS, leading to a substantial decrease in willingness to use. However, we did not observe a statistically significant correlation between keyword searches for COVID-19 and AS & BBS. Conclusions: The trend of AS and BBS usage in Iran is on the rise. The indiscriminate use of supplements is a cause for concern and calls for educational interventions.
{"title":"Tendency to Consume Anabolic Steroids and Body-Building Supplements in the General Population: An Ecological Study","authors":"Mohammadreza Rabiee, M. Mousavi","doi":"10.5812/intjssh-141353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjssh-141353","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anabolic steroids and bodybuilding supplements are products that are readily available in the market and are increasingly being used by young people and athletes. This trend has become a social issue worldwide. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine and determine the changes in the prevalence and trends of anabolic steroid usage in Iran. Methods: This ecological study utilized the Google Trends database as its primary source. Initially, we searched for specific keywords related to \"anabolic steroids (AS)\", \"Body-building supplements (BBS)\", and \"COVID-19\" among all searches conducted using GTs from January 2017 to December 2022. Subsequently, Spearman's correlation coefficient was employed to assess the association between the keywords \"AS\" and \"BBS\" with the term \"COVID-19\" during various years. Results: The preference for consuming protein (58.19 ± 15.24) was highest among BBS, while recovery (12.14 ± 17.09) was the lowest. In the case of AS, the highest search frequency was related to Testosterone (56.64 ± 9.57), while the lowest was related to Primobolan (13.72 ± 8.21). In early 2020, we observed a significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the inclination to use BBS and AS, leading to a substantial decrease in willingness to use. However, we did not observe a statistically significant correlation between keyword searches for COVID-19 and AS & BBS. Conclusions: The trend of AS and BBS usage in Iran is on the rise. The indiscriminate use of supplements is a cause for concern and calls for educational interventions.","PeriodicalId":118920,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Studies for Health","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139220058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben Khaled Abboud Latouf, J. Halouani, Majdi Mohamed Salah Khalil, H. Chtourou
Background: Hamstring injuries are common in sports that involve rapid, forceful lengthening of the hamstring muscles, such as sprinting, jumping, and kicking. This type of injury is more likely to occur in team sports such as football and handball. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate chronic effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on muscle strength and neuromuscular activity of the hamstring muscle. Methods: Six male team sports players (age: 24.38 ± 1.94 years; height: 180.73 ± 6.05 cm; body-mass: 80.23 ± 10.42 kg) were recruited for this study. Participants completed a 2-month rehabilitation program that included three sessions per week of contract-relax (CR) PNF stretching. Neuromuscular activity and strength were evaluated by electromyography (EMG) and force sensor before and after 8 weeks of CR-PNF stretching. Results: For the neuromuscular activity of the medial and lateral hamstring muscles, there was a significant difference between pre- and post-training for the apex and area of muscle (P < 0.01). Similarly, there was a great difference between pre- and post-training for hamstring muscle strength (medial and lateral) in the contract and relax positions (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Contract-relax-proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching after an eight weeks of rehabilitation period is effective in increasing neuromuscular activity and muscle strength of the hamstring muscles.
{"title":"Effect of 8-Weeks PNF Stretching on Muscle Strength and Neuromuscular Activity of the Hamstring Muscles in Team Sports Players","authors":"Ben Khaled Abboud Latouf, J. Halouani, Majdi Mohamed Salah Khalil, H. Chtourou","doi":"10.5812/intjssh-139659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjssh-139659","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hamstring injuries are common in sports that involve rapid, forceful lengthening of the hamstring muscles, such as sprinting, jumping, and kicking. This type of injury is more likely to occur in team sports such as football and handball. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate chronic effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on muscle strength and neuromuscular activity of the hamstring muscle. Methods: Six male team sports players (age: 24.38 ± 1.94 years; height: 180.73 ± 6.05 cm; body-mass: 80.23 ± 10.42 kg) were recruited for this study. Participants completed a 2-month rehabilitation program that included three sessions per week of contract-relax (CR) PNF stretching. Neuromuscular activity and strength were evaluated by electromyography (EMG) and force sensor before and after 8 weeks of CR-PNF stretching. Results: For the neuromuscular activity of the medial and lateral hamstring muscles, there was a significant difference between pre- and post-training for the apex and area of muscle (P < 0.01). Similarly, there was a great difference between pre- and post-training for hamstring muscle strength (medial and lateral) in the contract and relax positions (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Contract-relax-proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching after an eight weeks of rehabilitation period is effective in increasing neuromuscular activity and muscle strength of the hamstring muscles.","PeriodicalId":118920,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Studies for Health","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131838241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saeed Meflah Alshahrani, A. Salem, A. Zribi, K. Trabelsi, A. Ammar, H. Chtourou
Background: The popularity of Tunisian tennis is on the rise, due to emerging players gaining global recognition, leading to growth and evolution in the sport. In order to optimize training and performance, coaches need valuable information on physical fitness and player profiling. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the physical profile of Tunisian tennis players in different age groups ranging from 7 to 17 years. Methods: Ten players from the same team were assigned to six age groups (U9-U18); U9 (7.89 ± 0.32), U10 (8.88 ± 0.34), U11 (9.78 ± 0.43), U12 (10.81 ± 0.4), U14 (12.3 ± 0.73), and U18 (14.69 ± 0.95) and were assessed for standing long jump (SLJ), countermovement jump, medicine ball throw (MBT), various sprint distances, agility drills, 20m Shuttle run (20mSRT), and Sit and reach tests. Results: The results showed that U14 and U18 age groups demonstrated better performance than U9 and U10 in jump tests, while U18 and U14 outperformed only U9 in the MBT test. U11 showed better performance than U9 and U10 in sprints, sideways shuffle, and spider drill tests. U9 and U10 had lower performance than U12 in SLJ, 20m sprint, sideways shuffle, and zigzag tests, and U11 outperformed U9 in the SLJ test. U18 and U14 had higher VO2max than U10 and U11, while U12 was higher than U11 only. No difference in flexibility was reported. The centile estimates of physical performances among Tunisian tennis players provide a means to compare individual player test results with the standard performance levels of the group. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study found that 11–17-year-old players exhibited greater physical performance than 7–10-year-old players. However, no age effect was found for flexibility.
{"title":"Anthropometric and Physical Profile Among the Different Age Groups of Tunisian Tennis Players","authors":"Saeed Meflah Alshahrani, A. Salem, A. Zribi, K. Trabelsi, A. Ammar, H. Chtourou","doi":"10.5812/intjssh-138396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjssh-138396","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The popularity of Tunisian tennis is on the rise, due to emerging players gaining global recognition, leading to growth and evolution in the sport. In order to optimize training and performance, coaches need valuable information on physical fitness and player profiling. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the physical profile of Tunisian tennis players in different age groups ranging from 7 to 17 years. Methods: Ten players from the same team were assigned to six age groups (U9-U18); U9 (7.89 ± 0.32), U10 (8.88 ± 0.34), U11 (9.78 ± 0.43), U12 (10.81 ± 0.4), U14 (12.3 ± 0.73), and U18 (14.69 ± 0.95) and were assessed for standing long jump (SLJ), countermovement jump, medicine ball throw (MBT), various sprint distances, agility drills, 20m Shuttle run (20mSRT), and Sit and reach tests. Results: The results showed that U14 and U18 age groups demonstrated better performance than U9 and U10 in jump tests, while U18 and U14 outperformed only U9 in the MBT test. U11 showed better performance than U9 and U10 in sprints, sideways shuffle, and spider drill tests. U9 and U10 had lower performance than U12 in SLJ, 20m sprint, sideways shuffle, and zigzag tests, and U11 outperformed U9 in the SLJ test. U18 and U14 had higher VO2max than U10 and U11, while U12 was higher than U11 only. No difference in flexibility was reported. The centile estimates of physical performances among Tunisian tennis players provide a means to compare individual player test results with the standard performance levels of the group. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study found that 11–17-year-old players exhibited greater physical performance than 7–10-year-old players. However, no age effect was found for flexibility.","PeriodicalId":118920,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Studies for Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129632014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: The subject of "Sport During Ramadan" focuses on the impact of fasting during the holy month of Ramadan on athletic performance and physical activity. Muslims around the world fast from sunrise to sunset during this month, abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs. Our hypothesis suggests that during Ramadan, the fasting period can cause particular problems for athletes and people involved in sports and physical activities that require a lot of stamina and energy. Evidence Acquisition: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the search equation "sport during Ramadan" in the PsycInfo, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, in order to identify the 40 articles on the subject up to the year 2022. Results: Taking into account the similarities of the contents of the 40 targeted articles, 24 articles were selected. During the fasting period of the month of Ramadan, engaging in sports and exercise during Ramadan can have numerous benefits for physical and mental health. However, physical activities that require a lot of endurance and energy can pose physical health risks, including dehydration, hypoglycemia, muscle cramps, fatigue and delayed recovery. Conclusions: Participating in sports and exercise during Ramadan can have many benefits for physical and mental health, as well as spiritual awareness and community engagement. During this time, uncontrolled physical exertion can have detrimental effects on health. Proper hydration combined with a rich and balanced diet during the non-fasting period and quality sleep can help overcome the risks associated with exercising during Ramadan. It is important that Muslims prioritize their health and well-being during this time and consult a physician if necessary before engaging in physical activity.
{"title":"Sport During the Ramadan Fasting Period: Health Benefits and Risks and Recommendations for Practicing","authors":"Ihbour Said","doi":"10.5812/intjssh-136775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjssh-136775","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The subject of \"Sport During Ramadan\" focuses on the impact of fasting during the holy month of Ramadan on athletic performance and physical activity. Muslims around the world fast from sunrise to sunset during this month, abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs. Our hypothesis suggests that during Ramadan, the fasting period can cause particular problems for athletes and people involved in sports and physical activities that require a lot of stamina and energy. Evidence Acquisition: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the search equation \"sport during Ramadan\" in the PsycInfo, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, in order to identify the 40 articles on the subject up to the year 2022. Results: Taking into account the similarities of the contents of the 40 targeted articles, 24 articles were selected. During the fasting period of the month of Ramadan, engaging in sports and exercise during Ramadan can have numerous benefits for physical and mental health. However, physical activities that require a lot of endurance and energy can pose physical health risks, including dehydration, hypoglycemia, muscle cramps, fatigue and delayed recovery. Conclusions: Participating in sports and exercise during Ramadan can have many benefits for physical and mental health, as well as spiritual awareness and community engagement. During this time, uncontrolled physical exertion can have detrimental effects on health. Proper hydration combined with a rich and balanced diet during the non-fasting period and quality sleep can help overcome the risks associated with exercising during Ramadan. It is important that Muslims prioritize their health and well-being during this time and consult a physician if necessary before engaging in physical activity.","PeriodicalId":118920,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Studies for Health","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130605930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exercise in Winter: A Hypothesis from Persian Medicine to Improve Healthy Lifestyle","authors":"M. Siahpoosh, Soheil Gholibeygi","doi":"10.5812/intjssh-137792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/intjssh-137792","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":118920,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Studies for Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125606453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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