Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2022.2047832
S. Emsbo-Mattingly, Katherine Leigh Flanders, Eric R. Litman
Abstract Conventional testing methods provide sufficient information to evaluate human or ecological risk. However, contaminant concentrations patterns alone provide only limited resolution of important liability issues, such as when and where did contaminant releases originate. Over the past few decades, scientists explored the isotope applications to better identify, delineate, and manage contaminants in the environment. Advanced chemical fingerprinting and isotope technologies revealed important linkages between isotope ratios and contaminant origins (e.g., chemical feedstock and manufacturing process). Studies of environmental weathering distinguished abiotic and biotic changes in the chemical composition and isotope patterns. The combined application of chemical and isotopic fingerprints offers powerful complementary lines of evidence for delineating contaminants, assessing risk, and identifying historical sources. This manuscript provides an integrated forensic approach that systematically links conventional environmental investigation data with specialized chemical fingerprinting and carbon/chlorine isotope methods for identifying the sources of groundwater impacts especially when multiple potential point and non-point sources exist. This paper focusses on chlorinated solvents. Specifically, it features the synoptic use of chemical concentration patterns and compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) as effective tools for confirming organic contaminant sources, characterizing environmental weathering, and answering a growing list of site-specific questions. Unlike conventional isotope methods, which can be both time-consuming and expensive, this paper presents an optimized analytical method for chlorine CSIA using gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-qMS). Chlorine isotopic composition for multiple analytes (e.g., tetrachloroethylene [PCE], trichloroethylene [TCE], dichloroethylene [DCE], and vinyl chloride [VC]) can be determined in one acquisition thus reducing analysis time and cost. Precise CSIA isotope values were achieved for chloroethylene concentrations between approximately 5 micrograms per liter (ug/l) and 100 ug/l for carbon and between approximately 30 ug/l to 1,000 ug/l for chlorine. The gradual improvement in CSIA methods better addresses the wide concentration range encountered in typical samples collected from groundwater aquifers with significant chlorinated solvent impacts. A case study is presented featuring a tiered forensic investigation using spatial chemistry and isotope patterns to evaluate commingled plumes of PCE and TCE.
{"title":"Integrated differentiation of multiple trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene groundwater impacts using spatial concentration, biodegradation indices, chemical fingerprinting and carbon/chlorine isotope patterns","authors":"S. Emsbo-Mattingly, Katherine Leigh Flanders, Eric R. Litman","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2022.2047832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2022.2047832","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Conventional testing methods provide sufficient information to evaluate human or ecological risk. However, contaminant concentrations patterns alone provide only limited resolution of important liability issues, such as when and where did contaminant releases originate. Over the past few decades, scientists explored the isotope applications to better identify, delineate, and manage contaminants in the environment. Advanced chemical fingerprinting and isotope technologies revealed important linkages between isotope ratios and contaminant origins (e.g., chemical feedstock and manufacturing process). Studies of environmental weathering distinguished abiotic and biotic changes in the chemical composition and isotope patterns. The combined application of chemical and isotopic fingerprints offers powerful complementary lines of evidence for delineating contaminants, assessing risk, and identifying historical sources. This manuscript provides an integrated forensic approach that systematically links conventional environmental investigation data with specialized chemical fingerprinting and carbon/chlorine isotope methods for identifying the sources of groundwater impacts especially when multiple potential point and non-point sources exist. This paper focusses on chlorinated solvents. Specifically, it features the synoptic use of chemical concentration patterns and compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) as effective tools for confirming organic contaminant sources, characterizing environmental weathering, and answering a growing list of site-specific questions. Unlike conventional isotope methods, which can be both time-consuming and expensive, this paper presents an optimized analytical method for chlorine CSIA using gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-qMS). Chlorine isotopic composition for multiple analytes (e.g., tetrachloroethylene [PCE], trichloroethylene [TCE], dichloroethylene [DCE], and vinyl chloride [VC]) can be determined in one acquisition thus reducing analysis time and cost. Precise CSIA isotope values were achieved for chloroethylene concentrations between approximately 5 micrograms per liter (ug/l) and 100 ug/l for carbon and between approximately 30 ug/l to 1,000 ug/l for chlorine. The gradual improvement in CSIA methods better addresses the wide concentration range encountered in typical samples collected from groundwater aquifers with significant chlorinated solvent impacts. A case study is presented featuring a tiered forensic investigation using spatial chemistry and isotope patterns to evaluate commingled plumes of PCE and TCE.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88921811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-23DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2022.2047838
Hong Liu, Shazma Anwar, Liqiang Fang, Linhua Chen, Weijie Xu, Linlin Xiao, Bin Zhong, Dan Liu
{"title":"Source Apportionment of Agricultural Soil Heavy Metals Based on PMF Model and Multivariate Statistical Analysis","authors":"Hong Liu, Shazma Anwar, Liqiang Fang, Linhua Chen, Weijie Xu, Linlin Xiao, Bin Zhong, Dan Liu","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2022.2047838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2022.2047838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79936281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The soot emitted from diesel vehicles has been identified as a significant source of air pollution. The characteristics of the soot indicate its ability to alter the air quality of the area. This study compared the characteristics of soot particles emitted from two commonly used public transport; diesel-driven school bus (SB) and the shared auto-rickshaw (AR). The differences were found in the soot particles from the SB and AR. The FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscope) reveals that the morphology of the soot particles from both vehicles were spherical. The average size of soot was 207.30 nm (AR) and 251.65 nm (SB). This extreme small-size soot is dangerous to human health. The ratio of oxygen and carbon (O/C) was found as 0.51 and 0.26 in soot samples of AR and SB, respectively. The sharper peaks in FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) show that the functional groups in AR soot were in higher quantity compared to soot of SB. The concentration of total trace metals (TM) (Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was 1.08 times less in soot collected from AR than SB. The study signifies that the characteristics of soot emitting from AR and SB can be utilized as a fingerprint of ambient pollution and it will be helpful in controlling PM emissions.
{"title":"A comparison of soot emitted from school buses and shared auto-rickshaws in Indian tier-II city","authors":"Shweta Kumari, Suresh Pandian Elumalai, Manish Kumar Jain","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2022.2047835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2022.2047835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b></p><p>The soot emitted from diesel vehicles has been identified as a significant source of air pollution. The characteristics of the soot indicate its ability to alter the air quality of the area. This study compared the characteristics of soot particles emitted from two commonly used public transport; diesel-driven school bus (SB) and the shared auto-rickshaw (AR). The differences were found in the soot particles from the SB and AR. The FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscope) reveals that the morphology of the soot particles from both vehicles were spherical. The average size of soot was 207.30 nm (AR) and 251.65 nm (SB). This extreme small-size soot is dangerous to human health. The ratio of oxygen and carbon (O/C) was found as 0.51 and 0.26 in soot samples of AR and SB, respectively. The sharper peaks in FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) show that the functional groups in AR soot were in higher quantity compared to soot of SB. The concentration of total trace metals (TM) (Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was 1.08 times less in soot collected from AR than SB. The study signifies that the characteristics of soot emitting from AR and SB can be utilized as a fingerprint of ambient pollution and it will be helpful in controlling PM emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138525911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-17DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2022.2047833
G. Fang, Yen-Ping Peng, Yuan-Jie Zhuang, Long-Cing Huang
Abstract The AQ Guard Ambient sampler is the most advanced compact device that collects ambient air pollutants of various particle sizes. This study collected ambient air pollutant particles of various sizes, CO2 and VOC concentrations and particle numbers from April to May of 2021 using the AQ-guard ambient sampler at Taichung Science Park. The relationships among various particles sizes, CO2, VOC concentrations and total particle numbers in conjunction with the meteorological conditions are also discussed. Appropriate statistical methods were used to test the mean concentration differences between various particulate sizes, CO2, VOC and total particle numbers at Taichung Science Park. The results indicated that particle concentrations of various sizes (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, PMtot), CO2, VOC concentrations and particulate numbers at the sample location over the study period were the highest on April 21 and gradually decreased from April 21 to May 23, 2021 at Taichung Science Park. The meteorological conditions; temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were negatively displayed but moderately correlated with the ambient air particulate concentrations, CO2, VOC and particulate numbers. The relationships between ambient air particles (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, PMtot), and CO2, VOC concentrations displayed moderate correlated relationships. The results further showed that there were mean concentration differences existing for most of the pollutants (particulates, CO2 and VOC) monitored by the AQ Guard Ambient sampler in this study. The relationships among particles sizes of PM1 v.s. PM2.5, PM2.5 v.s. PM4, PM4 v.s. PM10, PM10 v.s. PMtot were highly correlated with the mean concentrations. However, the results further showed that they also displayed no significant mean concentration differences for PM1 v.s. PM2.5, PM2.5 v.s. PM4, PM4 v.s. PM10, PM10 v.s. PMtot were collected by the AQ Guard sampler at this Taichung Science Park sampling site.
{"title":"Monitoring ambient air particulates, VOC and CO2 pollutants concentrations, particulates numbers by AQ Guard Ambient sampler","authors":"G. Fang, Yen-Ping Peng, Yuan-Jie Zhuang, Long-Cing Huang","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2022.2047833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2022.2047833","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The AQ Guard Ambient sampler is the most advanced compact device that collects ambient air pollutants of various particle sizes. This study collected ambient air pollutant particles of various sizes, CO2 and VOC concentrations and particle numbers from April to May of 2021 using the AQ-guard ambient sampler at Taichung Science Park. The relationships among various particles sizes, CO2, VOC concentrations and total particle numbers in conjunction with the meteorological conditions are also discussed. Appropriate statistical methods were used to test the mean concentration differences between various particulate sizes, CO2, VOC and total particle numbers at Taichung Science Park. The results indicated that particle concentrations of various sizes (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, PMtot), CO2, VOC concentrations and particulate numbers at the sample location over the study period were the highest on April 21 and gradually decreased from April 21 to May 23, 2021 at Taichung Science Park. The meteorological conditions; temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were negatively displayed but moderately correlated with the ambient air particulate concentrations, CO2, VOC and particulate numbers. The relationships between ambient air particles (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, PMtot), and CO2, VOC concentrations displayed moderate correlated relationships. The results further showed that there were mean concentration differences existing for most of the pollutants (particulates, CO2 and VOC) monitored by the AQ Guard Ambient sampler in this study. The relationships among particles sizes of PM1 v.s. PM2.5, PM2.5 v.s. PM4, PM4 v.s. PM10, PM10 v.s. PMtot were highly correlated with the mean concentrations. However, the results further showed that they also displayed no significant mean concentration differences for PM1 v.s. PM2.5, PM2.5 v.s. PM4, PM4 v.s. PM10, PM10 v.s. PMtot were collected by the AQ Guard sampler at this Taichung Science Park sampling site.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85007732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2022.2047834
S. Stout, Eric R. Litman
Abstract Synthetic-based drilling muds (SBMs) are complex mixtures of man-made fluids used during the drilling of oil and gas wells. SBM-derived chemicals can enter the environment through failed wells and routine or poor disposal practices, where they can persist and thereby warrant measurement. SBMs are commonly formulated with linear and methyl branched α- and internal-olefins mostly in the C14 to C20 carbon range, which are not native to crude oils. Thus, SBM-derived olefins can provide a basis to recognize the impact of these drilling wastes in the environment. However, the presence of abundant native hydrocarbons in oils and sediments can hinder the detection of trace level SBM-derived olefins by conventional organic sample preparation and analytical methods. Silver ion chromatography using silver nitrate (AgNO3) impregnated silica gel can serve to physically separate olefins from saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons native in crude oils, which can subsequently be analyzed and measured by conventional one-dimensional gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). In this study, SBM-derived olefins are measured in crude oils from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and in their laboratory mixtures to a detection limit of approximately 5000 µg/g (0.5 wt%). In oiled sediment, SBM-derived olefins were reliably detected at concentrations as low as 1 µg/g-dry. An application of this method is demonstrated through analysis of crude oils and oil-contaminated seafloor sediment from the Taylor Energy oil spill site in the northern Gulf of Mexico where SBM was historically used and discharged.
{"title":"Quantification of synthetic-based drilling mud olefins in crude oil and oiled sediment by liquid column silver nitrate and gas chromatography","authors":"S. Stout, Eric R. Litman","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2022.2047834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2022.2047834","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Synthetic-based drilling muds (SBMs) are complex mixtures of man-made fluids used during the drilling of oil and gas wells. SBM-derived chemicals can enter the environment through failed wells and routine or poor disposal practices, where they can persist and thereby warrant measurement. SBMs are commonly formulated with linear and methyl branched α- and internal-olefins mostly in the C14 to C20 carbon range, which are not native to crude oils. Thus, SBM-derived olefins can provide a basis to recognize the impact of these drilling wastes in the environment. However, the presence of abundant native hydrocarbons in oils and sediments can hinder the detection of trace level SBM-derived olefins by conventional organic sample preparation and analytical methods. Silver ion chromatography using silver nitrate (AgNO3) impregnated silica gel can serve to physically separate olefins from saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons native in crude oils, which can subsequently be analyzed and measured by conventional one-dimensional gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). In this study, SBM-derived olefins are measured in crude oils from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and in their laboratory mixtures to a detection limit of approximately 5000 µg/g (0.5 wt%). In oiled sediment, SBM-derived olefins were reliably detected at concentrations as low as 1 µg/g-dry. An application of this method is demonstrated through analysis of crude oils and oil-contaminated seafloor sediment from the Taylor Energy oil spill site in the northern Gulf of Mexico where SBM was historically used and discharged.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74928151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2022.2047830
L. Priya, G. Varghese, A. Pivato
Abstract Liability allocation in pollution incidents involving multiple polluters is a challenging task even in cases where thorough forensic investigation has been carried out. A two-stage liability allocation process, i.e., technical liability allocation carried out by technical experts followed by legal liability allocation, is suggested for adoption in such cases. The liability allocation may be required for the impacts of pollution and/or for remediation of the polluted site. The first stage of liability allocation, i.e., technical liability allocation is discussed in the paper. The study identified and evaluated the most relevant technical factors that should be considered for responsibility allocation. These factors, quantified from the results of an environmental forensic investigation, can be aggregated as ‘Impact index’ and ’Remediation index’ for use in liability allocation. A method for the estimation of ’Impact index’ and ’Remediation index’ is suggested. The study argues that the overall liability allocation can be made more efficient and faster when the liability allocation is a two-stage process.
{"title":"Development of a two stage liability allocation process in case of multiple party pollution","authors":"L. Priya, G. Varghese, A. Pivato","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2022.2047830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2022.2047830","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Liability allocation in pollution incidents involving multiple polluters is a challenging task even in cases where thorough forensic investigation has been carried out. A two-stage liability allocation process, i.e., technical liability allocation carried out by technical experts followed by legal liability allocation, is suggested for adoption in such cases. The liability allocation may be required for the impacts of pollution and/or for remediation of the polluted site. The first stage of liability allocation, i.e., technical liability allocation is discussed in the paper. The study identified and evaluated the most relevant technical factors that should be considered for responsibility allocation. These factors, quantified from the results of an environmental forensic investigation, can be aggregated as ‘Impact index’ and ’Remediation index’ for use in liability allocation. A method for the estimation of ’Impact index’ and ’Remediation index’ is suggested. The study argues that the overall liability allocation can be made more efficient and faster when the liability allocation is a two-stage process.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78607228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2022.2047837
M. D. R. Campos, P. B. Gonçalves, L. Bizon
{"title":"Mercury variation over the last century in dated sediment cores across Brazil: a systematic review of literature","authors":"M. D. R. Campos, P. B. Gonçalves, L. Bizon","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2022.2047837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2022.2047837","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76657713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1976312
G. Fang, Chao-Lang Kao, Wei-Shun Gao, Yuan-Jie Zhuang
Abstract The concentrations of ambient air particulates of various sizes (PM1, PM2.5, PM6.25, PM10 and PM18) were measured using a MOUDI sampler at an agricultural sampling site in central Taiwan from January to September, 2020. The concentrations of particulate-bound mercury Hg(p) that were attached to particulates of various sizes (PM1, PM2.5, PM6.25, PM10 and PM18)) were analyzed using a Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA-80). The results revealed that the mean particulate and Hg(p) concentrations associated with PM18, PM10, PM6.25, PM2.5 and the back filter were all highest in autumn and winter. The mean mass median diameter (m.m.d.) value for ambient air particulates was highest in the summer and lowest for Hg(p). The mean m.m.d. value for ambient air Hg(p) was highest in the winter and lowest for ambient air particulates. The northeast monsoon prevails in the winter season of Taiwan. Thus, The sources of particulates and Hg(p) pollutants might came from the northeast side of Taiwan - especially in spring and winter seasons. Thus, ambient air particulate concentrations are higher in the winter than in the spring. However, ambient air particulate-bound mercury Hg(p) tended to be associated more with coarse particulates than with other particulates. Finally, Hg(p) concentrations in Taiwan have increased over the last 15 years. Reducing atmospheric Hg(p) concentrations has become an important environmental goal in all countries - especially those in Asia.
{"title":"Particle size distributions and seasonal concentrations study of atmospheric pollutants (particulates, Hg(p)) at an agricultural site in Taiwan","authors":"G. Fang, Chao-Lang Kao, Wei-Shun Gao, Yuan-Jie Zhuang","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1976312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1976312","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The concentrations of ambient air particulates of various sizes (PM1, PM2.5, PM6.25, PM10 and PM18) were measured using a MOUDI sampler at an agricultural sampling site in central Taiwan from January to September, 2020. The concentrations of particulate-bound mercury Hg(p) that were attached to particulates of various sizes (PM1, PM2.5, PM6.25, PM10 and PM18)) were analyzed using a Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA-80). The results revealed that the mean particulate and Hg(p) concentrations associated with PM18, PM10, PM6.25, PM2.5 and the back filter were all highest in autumn and winter. The mean mass median diameter (m.m.d.) value for ambient air particulates was highest in the summer and lowest for Hg(p). The mean m.m.d. value for ambient air Hg(p) was highest in the winter and lowest for ambient air particulates. The northeast monsoon prevails in the winter season of Taiwan. Thus, The sources of particulates and Hg(p) pollutants might came from the northeast side of Taiwan - especially in spring and winter seasons. Thus, ambient air particulate concentrations are higher in the winter than in the spring. However, ambient air particulate-bound mercury Hg(p) tended to be associated more with coarse particulates than with other particulates. Finally, Hg(p) concentrations in Taiwan have increased over the last 15 years. Reducing atmospheric Hg(p) concentrations has become an important environmental goal in all countries - especially those in Asia.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"287 1","pages":"85 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80299271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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