Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.2006365
M. Gbadamosi, A. Abayomi, T. Afolabi, M. Adegboye, H. Bakare, O. Banjoko, A. L. Ogunneye, I. L. Ugbomeh, D. O. Jegede, A. Ajetunmobi, T. E. Bakare
Abstract This study evaluates human health, pollution, and radiological risk assessment of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn), radioisotopes (238U, 232Th, and 40K) and its associated radiological indices from dumpsite soils in Ogun State, Nigeria, using a calibrated atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and highly shielded γ-ray spectrometry using NaI(TI) detector. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) complemented by X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to evaluate the mineralogical composition of the soils. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to apportion the source of PTMs and the radioisotopes. The mean concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn obtained were 22.35, 17.95, 20.83, 19.02, and 75.88 mg kg−1, respectively. The activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K ranged from 49.71 ± 16.3 − 314.15 ± 55.2, BDL − 87.54 ± 7.38, and BDL − 3721.3 ± 231.6 Bqkg−1, respectively. The values obtained were above the global average value in most of the samples. According to the four-pollution and ecological risk assessment model, the dumpsite soils are strongly to low polluted and enriched with toxic metals in the order Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. The estimated carcinogenic risk of the three carcinogenic PTMs for children and adults were higher than the acceptable limit (1 × 10−6). The results of the PCA and HCA results are consistent with the correlation coefficient analysis which showed that mixed natural, anthropogenic and lithogenic sources mainly from aggregation of lead-containing materials in the waste on the dumpsite, vehicular emission and industrial discharges are the main sources of Pb, Ni, and Cd in the three studied dumpsites. Thus, dumpsite soil poses great threat to health, increased pollution and enhances the radiological risk to the general population via human multiple exposure routes.
{"title":"Pollution sources identification, health, and radiological risk assessment of naturally occurring radioisotopes and heavy metals in waste dumpsites in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria","authors":"M. Gbadamosi, A. Abayomi, T. Afolabi, M. Adegboye, H. Bakare, O. Banjoko, A. L. Ogunneye, I. L. Ugbomeh, D. O. Jegede, A. Ajetunmobi, T. E. Bakare","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.2006365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.2006365","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study evaluates human health, pollution, and radiological risk assessment of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn), radioisotopes (238U, 232Th, and 40K) and its associated radiological indices from dumpsite soils in Ogun State, Nigeria, using a calibrated atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and highly shielded γ-ray spectrometry using NaI(TI) detector. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) complemented by X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to evaluate the mineralogical composition of the soils. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to apportion the source of PTMs and the radioisotopes. The mean concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn obtained were 22.35, 17.95, 20.83, 19.02, and 75.88 mg kg−1, respectively. The activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K ranged from 49.71 ± 16.3 − 314.15 ± 55.2, BDL − 87.54 ± 7.38, and BDL − 3721.3 ± 231.6 Bqkg−1, respectively. The values obtained were above the global average value in most of the samples. According to the four-pollution and ecological risk assessment model, the dumpsite soils are strongly to low polluted and enriched with toxic metals in the order Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. The estimated carcinogenic risk of the three carcinogenic PTMs for children and adults were higher than the acceptable limit (1 × 10−6). The results of the PCA and HCA results are consistent with the correlation coefficient analysis which showed that mixed natural, anthropogenic and lithogenic sources mainly from aggregation of lead-containing materials in the waste on the dumpsite, vehicular emission and industrial discharges are the main sources of Pb, Ni, and Cd in the three studied dumpsites. Thus, dumpsite soil poses great threat to health, increased pollution and enhances the radiological risk to the general population via human multiple exposure routes.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75065205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.2006364
A. Famuyiwa, S. O. Babajide, Yetunde A Lanre-Iyanda, A. S. Adeboye
Abstract Environmental pollution caused by potentially toxic elements (PTE) from various anthropogenic sources has become a global concern. An estimated 7 million premature deaths occur globally each year owing to ambient and indoor air pollution. This study assessed the concentration of PTE, level of contamination and human health risks of dust samples collected from classrooms in Abeokuta, South-Western Nigeria. Samples were collected from windowsills, chair, tables, and corners of the classrooms. Digestions of the samples were performed at College of Environmental Resource Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria. PTE analyses revealed that the concentration of PTE (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) measured were all within acceptable safe limit levels suggesting they were not contaminated. Pollution assessment tools employed (Enrichment factor and Contamination factor) revealed a descending order pattern of Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Fe. Source apportionment studies showed Cd, Cu, and Pb may have originated from anthropogenic sources, Cr and Ni from natural sources while Fe and Zn appeared to have emanated from mixed sources (natural and anthropogenic). The hazard quotient and hazard index values were lower than the safe limit of 1 suggesting no significant non-cancer effect to children and adult populations. Ingestion was the major exposure route for PTE followed by dermal contact and inhalation in that order. Cancer risk estimations were within the permissible limit of 10−6 to 10−4 and therefore suggests no carcinogenic effects, except for Cr. Furthermore, Cr was the predominant contributor to cancer effects and accounted for 96% for both children and adult populations. Regular monitoring of dust particulates is necessary to keep PTE contents low in the ambient air and consequently reduces human exposure to health risks.
{"title":"How safe are the classrooms in nursery and primary schools?: The Nigerian study","authors":"A. Famuyiwa, S. O. Babajide, Yetunde A Lanre-Iyanda, A. S. Adeboye","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.2006364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.2006364","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Environmental pollution caused by potentially toxic elements (PTE) from various anthropogenic sources has become a global concern. An estimated 7 million premature deaths occur globally each year owing to ambient and indoor air pollution. This study assessed the concentration of PTE, level of contamination and human health risks of dust samples collected from classrooms in Abeokuta, South-Western Nigeria. Samples were collected from windowsills, chair, tables, and corners of the classrooms. Digestions of the samples were performed at College of Environmental Resource Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria. PTE analyses revealed that the concentration of PTE (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) measured were all within acceptable safe limit levels suggesting they were not contaminated. Pollution assessment tools employed (Enrichment factor and Contamination factor) revealed a descending order pattern of Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Fe. Source apportionment studies showed Cd, Cu, and Pb may have originated from anthropogenic sources, Cr and Ni from natural sources while Fe and Zn appeared to have emanated from mixed sources (natural and anthropogenic). The hazard quotient and hazard index values were lower than the safe limit of 1 suggesting no significant non-cancer effect to children and adult populations. Ingestion was the major exposure route for PTE followed by dermal contact and inhalation in that order. Cancer risk estimations were within the permissible limit of 10−6 to 10−4 and therefore suggests no carcinogenic effects, except for Cr. Furthermore, Cr was the predominant contributor to cancer effects and accounted for 96% for both children and adult populations. Regular monitoring of dust particulates is necessary to keep PTE contents low in the ambient air and consequently reduces human exposure to health risks.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87214245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-25DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.2006368
P. Resmi, T. R. Gireeshkumar, C. S. Ratheesh kumar, P. B. Udayakrishnan, N. Chandramohanakumar
Abstract Fatty acids and bulk geochemical proxies were employed to understand the sources and transformation of sedimentary organic matter from surface sediments of major five mangrove systems in the northern Kerala coast. Texture, tidal rhythm and the proximity to the south eastern Arabian Sea were the main factors influencing distribution and accumulation of the organic matter in these systems. A total of 118 fatty acids were quantified and grouped into short-chain (SCFA), long-chain (LCFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and branched-chain (BrFA) fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids, cyclic fatty acids, and dicarboxylic acids. The distribution of fatty acid groups was in the order SCFA > BrFA > MUFA > LCFA > PUFA. Total fatty acids (TFA) concentration exhibited profound seasonal variations and ranged from 6.25 to 580.49 μg/g (pre-monsoon > post-monsoon > monsoon except in Kadalundi which follows the reverse order). The sedimentary fatty acids in the study region reveal a wide spectrum of inputs from terrestrial, planktonic (preponderance of diatom followed by dinoflagellates along with brown algae, cyanobacteria, red algae) and bacterial sources (e.g., Desulfobulbus-type bacteria, sulfur-reducing bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria). Significant concentrations of bacterial fatty acids suggest the functioning of an effective microbial loop and various biogeochemical pathways operating in these sediments (sulfate reduction, iron and manganese oxide reduction, etc.).
{"title":"Distribution and sources of fatty acids in surface sediments of mangrove ecosystems in the Northern Kerala Coast, India","authors":"P. Resmi, T. R. Gireeshkumar, C. S. Ratheesh kumar, P. B. Udayakrishnan, N. Chandramohanakumar","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.2006368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.2006368","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fatty acids and bulk geochemical proxies were employed to understand the sources and transformation of sedimentary organic matter from surface sediments of major five mangrove systems in the northern Kerala coast. Texture, tidal rhythm and the proximity to the south eastern Arabian Sea were the main factors influencing distribution and accumulation of the organic matter in these systems. A total of 118 fatty acids were quantified and grouped into short-chain (SCFA), long-chain (LCFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and branched-chain (BrFA) fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids, cyclic fatty acids, and dicarboxylic acids. The distribution of fatty acid groups was in the order SCFA > BrFA > MUFA > LCFA > PUFA. Total fatty acids (TFA) concentration exhibited profound seasonal variations and ranged from 6.25 to 580.49 μg/g (pre-monsoon > post-monsoon > monsoon except in Kadalundi which follows the reverse order). The sedimentary fatty acids in the study region reveal a wide spectrum of inputs from terrestrial, planktonic (preponderance of diatom followed by dinoflagellates along with brown algae, cyanobacteria, red algae) and bacterial sources (e.g., Desulfobulbus-type bacteria, sulfur-reducing bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria). Significant concentrations of bacterial fatty acids suggest the functioning of an effective microbial loop and various biogeochemical pathways operating in these sediments (sulfate reduction, iron and manganese oxide reduction, etc.).","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79957985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.2006367
O. O. Emoyan, G. Tesi, E. Ohwo, C. Olisah, S. U. Oghoje
Abstract The usage of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as fire-resistant additives was banned several years ago; however, they persist in several environmental compartments. This study determined the concentrations and associated exposure risks of Ʃ39PBDEs in soil depth samples from selected metals and plastics scrap catchments in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Samples extraction was performed by the Soxhlet extraction method followed by GC-MS analysis. The mean concentrations of ∑39PBDEs-congeners ranged from 0.01 ± 001 to 25 ± 11.0 ng g−1 in the topsoil and 0.01 ± 0.01 to 6.50 ± 4.7 ng g−1 in the subsoil. The PBDE homologue profiles were dominated by di, penta, hexa, and tri-BDEs. The PBDEs cancer and non-cancer risk for infants were higher than those in adults, expressed in the following order: ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. In general, the sum for the three exposure pathways was within the allowable threshold limit, suggesting a low lifetime cancer risk from soil exposures. The technical mixture used for paints, plastics, hydraulic, and dielectric insulating fluids for transformers, capacitors, cable wires, and power capacitors is a potential source of Ʃ39PBDEs in the study area. With the increase in metals scrap enterprise in Nigeria, this study provides empirical data useful for the development of efficient strategies to strengthen and enforce existing regulations for metals and plastics scrap land use in Nigeria and other similar catchments around the world.
{"title":"Polybrominated diphenyl ethers concentrations in metals and plastics scrap impacted soils: Pollution load, sources, ecological, and onsite human health implications","authors":"O. O. Emoyan, G. Tesi, E. Ohwo, C. Olisah, S. U. Oghoje","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.2006367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.2006367","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The usage of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as fire-resistant additives was banned several years ago; however, they persist in several environmental compartments. This study determined the concentrations and associated exposure risks of Ʃ39PBDEs in soil depth samples from selected metals and plastics scrap catchments in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Samples extraction was performed by the Soxhlet extraction method followed by GC-MS analysis. The mean concentrations of ∑39PBDEs-congeners ranged from 0.01 ± 001 to 25 ± 11.0 ng g−1 in the topsoil and 0.01 ± 0.01 to 6.50 ± 4.7 ng g−1 in the subsoil. The PBDE homologue profiles were dominated by di, penta, hexa, and tri-BDEs. The PBDEs cancer and non-cancer risk for infants were higher than those in adults, expressed in the following order: ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. In general, the sum for the three exposure pathways was within the allowable threshold limit, suggesting a low lifetime cancer risk from soil exposures. The technical mixture used for paints, plastics, hydraulic, and dielectric insulating fluids for transformers, capacitors, cable wires, and power capacitors is a potential source of Ʃ39PBDEs in the study area. With the increase in metals scrap enterprise in Nigeria, this study provides empirical data useful for the development of efficient strategies to strengthen and enforce existing regulations for metals and plastics scrap land use in Nigeria and other similar catchments around the world.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75658210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-21DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.2006362
Ousmane Ndour, C. Thiandoume, A. Traoré, X. Cagnat, Papa Mbaye Diouf, Maurice Ndeye, A. S. Ndao, A. Tidjani
Abstract In this study, the activity concentration of natural radionuclides (238U, 226Ra, 210Pb, 232Th, and 40K) in phosphogypsum were measured using a low-background digital gamma-ray spectrometer equipped with Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detector. The mean activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 210Pb, and 232Th were found to be 88.5 ± 19.5 Bq kg−1, 879.6 ± 20.3 Bq kg−1, 755.4 ± 17.1 Bq kg−1, 4.5 ± 0.3 Bq kg−1, and below the detection limit respectively. The estimated radium equivalent activity was found to be higher than the world recommended value of 370 Bq kg−1 but is within the recommended limit of 2220 Bq kg−1 for the use of phosphogypsum in the construction of roads, bridges, and foundations of non-residential buildings. The total annual effective doses received by workers and members of the public were found to be lower than the annual limit of 1 mSv y−1, except for the scenario of a person living in a house built with building material containing phosphogypsum.
{"title":"Determination of natural radionuclides in phosphogypsum samples from phosphoric acid production industry in Senegal","authors":"Ousmane Ndour, C. Thiandoume, A. Traoré, X. Cagnat, Papa Mbaye Diouf, Maurice Ndeye, A. S. Ndao, A. Tidjani","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.2006362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.2006362","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the activity concentration of natural radionuclides (238U, 226Ra, 210Pb, 232Th, and 40K) in phosphogypsum were measured using a low-background digital gamma-ray spectrometer equipped with Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detector. The mean activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 210Pb, and 232Th were found to be 88.5 ± 19.5 Bq kg−1, 879.6 ± 20.3 Bq kg−1, 755.4 ± 17.1 Bq kg−1, 4.5 ± 0.3 Bq kg−1, and below the detection limit respectively. The estimated radium equivalent activity was found to be higher than the world recommended value of 370 Bq kg−1 but is within the recommended limit of 2220 Bq kg−1 for the use of phosphogypsum in the construction of roads, bridges, and foundations of non-residential buildings. The total annual effective doses received by workers and members of the public were found to be lower than the annual limit of 1 mSv y−1, except for the scenario of a person living in a house built with building material containing phosphogypsum.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82288744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-11DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1976315
R. Necula, Marius Zaharia, Alina-Ramona Butnariu, M. Zamfirache, A. Surleva, C. Ciobanu, Olga Pintilie, C. Iacoban, G. Drochioiu
Abstract This study identifies a source of heavy metal pollution in the Tarnița-Ostra area, Suceava County, Romania, using both chemical and biological techniques. Samples collected from the sterile dumps and the surrounding soil were digested and analyzed for total metals and arsenic by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). High concentrations of heavy metals, such as copper (3.12 g/kg), arsenic (0.68 g/kg), lead (2.67 g/kg), zinc (0.43 g/kg) and barium (0.54 g/kg), found in that region, may pose a high risk to the environment and public health through the food chain. The large amounts of Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and As of the collected samples diminished much the germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), used in this study as a marker of toxicity. However, after the removal of the heavy metals by treating the aqueous extracts with sodium hydroxide solutions, the germination parameters returned to normal. The quantification of heavy metal levels by ICP-OES provides a better understanding of the potential ecological risks and contamination status of the tailings dumps. Instead, wheat germination tests can be reliable and inexpensive biological methods to prove the harmful effect of heavy metals and arsenic on plants.
{"title":"Heavy metals and arsenic in an abandoned barite mining area: ecological risk assessment using biomarkers","authors":"R. Necula, Marius Zaharia, Alina-Ramona Butnariu, M. Zamfirache, A. Surleva, C. Ciobanu, Olga Pintilie, C. Iacoban, G. Drochioiu","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1976315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1976315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study identifies a source of heavy metal pollution in the Tarnița-Ostra area, Suceava County, Romania, using both chemical and biological techniques. Samples collected from the sterile dumps and the surrounding soil were digested and analyzed for total metals and arsenic by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). High concentrations of heavy metals, such as copper (3.12 g/kg), arsenic (0.68 g/kg), lead (2.67 g/kg), zinc (0.43 g/kg) and barium (0.54 g/kg), found in that region, may pose a high risk to the environment and public health through the food chain. The large amounts of Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and As of the collected samples diminished much the germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), used in this study as a marker of toxicity. However, after the removal of the heavy metals by treating the aqueous extracts with sodium hydroxide solutions, the germination parameters returned to normal. The quantification of heavy metal levels by ICP-OES provides a better understanding of the potential ecological risks and contamination status of the tailings dumps. Instead, wheat germination tests can be reliable and inexpensive biological methods to prove the harmful effect of heavy metals and arsenic on plants.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79327919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1976320
M. R. Sijimol, D. Dineep, S. Arun Sasi, M. Abdul Shukkur, Ashna Antony, Mahesh Mohan
Abstract Firework displays are an integral part of festivals. Kerala is a host of innumerable firework displays. Perchlorate is used as an oxidizer in fireworks. Water samples and soil samples collected after firework display in selected sites of Kerala were analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Both soil and water samples after the firework display were found to be contaminated with perchlorate. Average perchlorate in soil ranges from below detectable limits to 20451.14 ppb and in water from below detectable limits to 7.23 ppb. Perchlorate in soil was found to be maximum on the third day after the fireworks display. The present study gives an awareness of the perchlorate contamination resulting from the fireworks display in Kerala.
{"title":"Perchlorate and chlorate contamination associated with fireworks in Kerala, India","authors":"M. R. Sijimol, D. Dineep, S. Arun Sasi, M. Abdul Shukkur, Ashna Antony, Mahesh Mohan","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1976320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1976320","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Firework displays are an integral part of festivals. Kerala is a host of innumerable firework displays. Perchlorate is used as an oxidizer in fireworks. Water samples and soil samples collected after firework display in selected sites of Kerala were analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Both soil and water samples after the firework display were found to be contaminated with perchlorate. Average perchlorate in soil ranges from below detectable limits to 20451.14 ppb and in water from below detectable limits to 7.23 ppb. Perchlorate in soil was found to be maximum on the third day after the fireworks display. The present study gives an awareness of the perchlorate contamination resulting from the fireworks display in Kerala.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82819394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1976317
Ying Zhao, Jiuhui Li, Wenxi Lu, Fan Yang
Abstract High-cost remediation of groundwater pollution makes it important to obtain exact information about the source. This is quite difficult to achieve in naturally ill-posed inverse problems of this kind. If the aquifer parameters are also unknown, the problem becomes even more challenging. To address this difficulty, we propose the alternating direction genetic algorithm (ADGA) approach, together with modification of the order of magnitude of the decision variables, to increase the accuracy of the results and computational efficiency. Seven scenarios were designed to test the accuracy of the proposed approach in aquifer with different properties, number of pollution sources, parameters and measurement errors. The results show that combining the ADGA approach with modification of the order of magnitude of the decision variables for identifying both groundwater pollution source and aquifer parameters significantly increases the accuracy of estimated results. The NE value for the estimated results decreased from 9.81% to 58.44% for different cases, and computation time is about half decreased. In addition, the approach is applicable in situations where concentrations of observational data with measurement error, and for multiple source locations and non-uniform media.
{"title":"Groundwater pollution source identification problems with unknown aquifer parameters by ADGA approach","authors":"Ying Zhao, Jiuhui Li, Wenxi Lu, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1976317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1976317","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High-cost remediation of groundwater pollution makes it important to obtain exact information about the source. This is quite difficult to achieve in naturally ill-posed inverse problems of this kind. If the aquifer parameters are also unknown, the problem becomes even more challenging. To address this difficulty, we propose the alternating direction genetic algorithm (ADGA) approach, together with modification of the order of magnitude of the decision variables, to increase the accuracy of the results and computational efficiency. Seven scenarios were designed to test the accuracy of the proposed approach in aquifer with different properties, number of pollution sources, parameters and measurement errors. The results show that combining the ADGA approach with modification of the order of magnitude of the decision variables for identifying both groundwater pollution source and aquifer parameters significantly increases the accuracy of estimated results. The NE value for the estimated results decreased from 9.81% to 58.44% for different cases, and computation time is about half decreased. In addition, the approach is applicable in situations where concentrations of observational data with measurement error, and for multiple source locations and non-uniform media.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76432194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1976313
Dounia Keddari, Imane Smatti-Hamza, S. Mehennaoui, L. Sahli, Fatima-Zohra Afri-Mehennaoui
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the metallic contamination of sediments, and metals bioaccessibility via their distribution in the gastropod Physa acuta (Pulmonata). The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soft tissue and shell of P. acuta, as well as in fresh surface sediments from the Boumerzoug wadi and its tributaries, northeastern Algeria, were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The samples were collected from ten sites on five occasions (May, September and December 2016, March and July 2017). Results showed that the trace metal mean concentrations in sediments, tissues and shells of the gasteropod, followed a decreasing order: Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd. The pseudo-total contents of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sediment were about 0.45 ± 0.43, 12.19 ± 2.49, 51.70 ± 19.82, 46.70 ± 39.60, 296.15 ± 105.83, 36.50 ± 10.93, 32.40 ± 9.10, and 186.72 ± 118.93 mg/kg dw, respectively. The concentrations of the metals studied in P. acuta were age dependent, with adults having significantly higher concentrations than juveniles. All heavy metal concentrations detected were higher in soft tissue with the lowest coefficient of variation than in shells for both adults and juveniles. The presence of a significant direct relationship between the Cd content in the sediment and in the soft tissues of P. acuta in both adults (r = 0.83; P < 0.01) and juveniles (r = 0.53; P < 0.01), and the high bioaccumulation factor observed make this gastropod a good indicator for the monitoring of freshwater sediment contamination by this metal.
摘要本研究旨在研究沉积物中的金属污染，以及金属在腹足动物中分布的生物可及性。采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了阿尔及利亚东北部Boumerzoug河及其支流淡水表层沉积物中Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn的含量。样本于2016年5月、9月和12月、2017年3月和7月5次在10个地点采集。结果表明:沉积物、组织和甲壳中微量金属的平均含量依次为Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd。沉积物中Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn的准总含量分别为0.45±0.43、12.19±2.49、51.70±19.82、46.70±39.60、296.15±105.83、36.50±10.93、32.40±9.10和186.72±118.93 mg/kg dw。所研究的金属浓度与年龄有关，成虫的浓度明显高于幼虫。成鱼和幼鱼软组织中重金属含量均高于壳中，变异系数最低。两种成虫的沉积物中Cd含量与软组织中Cd含量之间存在显著的直接关系(r = 0.83;P < 0.01)和幼鱼(r = 0.53;P < 0.01)，且具有较高的生物蓄积因子，可作为监测淡水沉积物中重金属污染的良好指标。
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Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1976316
N. Garba, M. Saleh, A. T. Ramli, M. Sanusi, N. A. Abu Hanifah
Abstract Natural environmental radioactivity aroused mainly from primordial radionuclides such as 40K and 238U and 232Th decay series, and have been present in varying concentrations within the earth and in the tissue of every living being. Natural radioactivity can be found everywhere; in the soil, public water supplies, oil, and the atmosphere and it poses a measurable exposure to human beings. The present study developed a statistical model that can be used to predict the Terrestrial Gamma Radiation Dose rates (TGRD) based on soil types and geological formations irrespective of the environment. About 295 TGRD measurements were taken using a micro-Roentgen survey meter (model 19) manufactured by Ludlum, from different locations within the study area. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized in establishing the relationships between TGRD with underlying geological formations and soil types as well as in the development of the model. The developed model was tested by predicting the TGRD value over different combinations of soil types and geological formations, and it was found to fit in well with more than 80% degree of accuracy which is within the acceptable limit. The developed model in this study, may help in establishing the background radioactivity levels in a terrestrial environment that can be used to evaluate any changes that may arise as a result of any release due to both natural and or human activities in a certain area.
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