Pub Date : 2021-09-14DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1976319
P. Singare, J. Shirodkar
Abstract Assessment of 17 polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was made to understand the sources, toxicity risk and biological impact in surface sediments of Malad and Versova creek of Mumbai. The concentration of ΣPAHs was found to vary in the range of 2915–4204 ng/g dw (mean 3367 ± 948 ng/gdw). The concentration of high molecular weight PAHs (HMW PAHs) in the range of 2378–3394 ng/g dw (mean 2723 ± 755 ng/g dw) was higher than that of low molecular PAHs (LMW PAHs) which was in the range of 528–810 ng/g dw (mean 644 ± 202 ng/g dw). The contribution of HMW PAHs to the ∑PAHs was 80.86% while that of LMW PAHs was 19.14%. The concentration of carcinogenic PAHs was 1452–1996 ng/g dw (mean 1631 ± 447 ng/g dw) having contribution of 48.43% to the ∑PAHs. The assessment of biological risk and toxicity was made based on toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) and sediment quality guideline quotient (SQGQ). The PAH levels are feared to increase in coming times thereby creating probable threat to the biological life and health hazard to the nearby human population.
{"title":"Distribution and fate of PAHs contaminants deposited in the sediments of North-Western Creeks adjoining the Arabian sea of Mumbai, India: Implications for monitoring","authors":"P. Singare, J. Shirodkar","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1976319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1976319","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Assessment of 17 polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was made to understand the sources, toxicity risk and biological impact in surface sediments of Malad and Versova creek of Mumbai. The concentration of ΣPAHs was found to vary in the range of 2915–4204 ng/g dw (mean 3367 ± 948 ng/gdw). The concentration of high molecular weight PAHs (HMW PAHs) in the range of 2378–3394 ng/g dw (mean 2723 ± 755 ng/g dw) was higher than that of low molecular PAHs (LMW PAHs) which was in the range of 528–810 ng/g dw (mean 644 ± 202 ng/g dw). The contribution of HMW PAHs to the ∑PAHs was 80.86% while that of LMW PAHs was 19.14%. The concentration of carcinogenic PAHs was 1452–1996 ng/g dw (mean 1631 ± 447 ng/g dw) having contribution of 48.43% to the ∑PAHs. The assessment of biological risk and toxicity was made based on toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) and sediment quality guideline quotient (SQGQ). The PAH levels are feared to increase in coming times thereby creating probable threat to the biological life and health hazard to the nearby human population.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"112 1","pages":"146 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79638209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-11DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1976314
F. Adebiyi, O. Ore
Abstract Nigerian highway-related metal pollution was assessed using surface soil and tree bark as indicators. Metal concentrations were analyzed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer. The concentrations of potentially toxic metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and As) were approximately 1–2 orders of magnitude lower in the tree bark relative to surface soil, and cross-plot analysis (R 2 = 0.419) confirmed that tree bark had limited uptake for all the detected elements, suggesting that the observed concentrations in the tree bark may mostly reflect aerial pollution. Contamination factor, geo-accumulation, and other indices confirmed Ti, V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr impacts to surface soil; high traffic volume and common use of poorly maintained second-hand vehicles are likely sources. Exposure to the metals via ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact might pose health threats. Possible remediation schemes should be adopted to clean up these metals in order to ensure a sustainable environment.
{"title":"Assessing highway-related metal pollution using surface soil and tree bark as indicators","authors":"F. Adebiyi, O. Ore","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1976314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1976314","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nigerian highway-related metal pollution was assessed using surface soil and tree bark as indicators. Metal concentrations were analyzed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer. The concentrations of potentially toxic metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and As) were approximately 1–2 orders of magnitude lower in the tree bark relative to surface soil, and cross-plot analysis (R 2 = 0.419) confirmed that tree bark had limited uptake for all the detected elements, suggesting that the observed concentrations in the tree bark may mostly reflect aerial pollution. Contamination factor, geo-accumulation, and other indices confirmed Ti, V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr impacts to surface soil; high traffic volume and common use of poorly maintained second-hand vehicles are likely sources. Exposure to the metals via ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact might pose health threats. Possible remediation schemes should be adopted to clean up these metals in order to ensure a sustainable environment.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"16 1","pages":"176 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87445780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-29DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1940377
G. Fang, Yen-Ping Peng, Chao-Lang Kao, Yuan-Jie Zhuang
Abstract A Fidas Frog sampler is used to collect ambient air pollutants with various particle sizes at the Taichung Science Park in Taichung, Taiwan. The relationship between particle size and total number of ambient air particles is determined. Fine (PM≤2.5) and coarse (PM>2.5) particulate concentrations are obtained as percentages of the total particulate concentration. The mean concentrations of particles of various sizes (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, and PMtot) and the total number of particles were all highest on February 24, and declined from then until June 30. The particle concentration was strongly correlated with particle size (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, PMtotal suspended particles (PMtot.)). The relationship was stronger for smaller particles. The fine particulate concentrations (PM≤2.5) that were obtained using the Fidas Frog sampler were around 67.7% of those obtained in a previous study at the same sampling site. The coarse particulate concentrations (PM>2.5) that were obtained using the Fidas Frog sampler were about 89.4% of those obtained in (a previous study at the same sampling site OR JUST that study) (Fang et al., 2019). Finally, the average coarse particle concentrations that were obtained using the Fidas Frog sampler at this Taichung Science Park site were about 3.1 times the thus obtained fine particles concentrations. The main sources of particulate pollutants at the Taichung Science Park site were abrasion processes, crustal materials and products of vehicle wear.
{"title":"Measurements of ambient air fine (PM≤2.5) and coarse (PM>2.5) particulates concentrations by using of a dust monitoring system","authors":"G. Fang, Yen-Ping Peng, Chao-Lang Kao, Yuan-Jie Zhuang","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1940377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1940377","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A Fidas Frog sampler is used to collect ambient air pollutants with various particle sizes at the Taichung Science Park in Taichung, Taiwan. The relationship between particle size and total number of ambient air particles is determined. Fine (PM≤2.5) and coarse (PM>2.5) particulate concentrations are obtained as percentages of the total particulate concentration. The mean concentrations of particles of various sizes (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, and PMtot) and the total number of particles were all highest on February 24, and declined from then until June 30. The particle concentration was strongly correlated with particle size (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, PMtotal suspended particles (PMtot.)). The relationship was stronger for smaller particles. The fine particulate concentrations (PM≤2.5) that were obtained using the Fidas Frog sampler were around 67.7% of those obtained in a previous study at the same sampling site. The coarse particulate concentrations (PM>2.5) that were obtained using the Fidas Frog sampler were about 89.4% of those obtained in (a previous study at the same sampling site OR JUST that study) (Fang et al., 2019). Finally, the average coarse particle concentrations that were obtained using the Fidas Frog sampler at this Taichung Science Park site were about 3.1 times the thus obtained fine particles concentrations. The main sources of particulate pollutants at the Taichung Science Park site were abrasion processes, crustal materials and products of vehicle wear.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"20 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82965219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1940378
Serkan Kükrer, İ. Tunç, A. E. Erginal, Ozender Bay, Ş. Kılıç
Abstract Monitoring the pollution status of freshwater resources is an important step in sustainable planning. This study aimed to determine the distribution and sources of metals in the sediments of the transboundary eastern Anatolian/Caucasus region Kura river as well as its ecological risk level. Surface sediment samples were collected from eight sites along the human disturbance gradient. Multi-element analyses of the collected samples were performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Chlorophyll degradation product (CDP) analysis was performed spectrophotometrically. OC analysis was carried out using the titration method. The data obtained were evaluated using the indices of enrichment factor, geo-accumulation, modified hazard quotient and ecological contamination index and potential ecological risk. The average content of metals in the sediment at the eight sites was of the following descending order from highest to lowest: Al > Mn > Zn > V> Ni > Cr > Cu > Co > Pb > As > Cd > Tl > Hg. According to the distribution of raw metal values, urbanization is not the only factor controlling metal distribution. Adsorption processes and organic material content also emerge as an important factor. Enrichment factor values were of the following order: T1 > Pb > Mn > Hg > Cr > Co > Cd > Ni > As > Zn > Al > Cu > V. Results revealed that the sources of Cu, V and Al were lithogenic, in contrast to Tl, Pb, Mn, Hg, Cr, Co, Cd, Ni, and As, thus pointing to human-induced accumulation. According to the potential ecological risk index, these elements have the potential to create medium-to-high level ecological risks and were substantially of atmospheric origin. The ecological contamination index is also consistent with these findings in terms of risk level. A municipal waste stream, fossil fuel burning and a cement plant operating in close proximity also appeared to be the possible sources.
摘要淡水资源污染状况监测是可持续规划的重要环节。本研究旨在确定跨界东安纳托利亚/高加索地区库拉河沉积物中金属的分布、来源及其生态风险水平。沿人为干扰梯度在8个地点采集了地表沉积物样本。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对样品进行多元素分析。采用分光光度法分析叶绿素降解产物(CDP)。用滴定法进行OC分析。利用富集系数、地质累积、修正危害商、生态污染指数和潜在生态风险等指标对数据进行评价。8个地点沉积物中金属平均含量由高到低依次为Al > Mn > Zn > V> Ni > Cr > Cu > Co > Pb > As > Cd > Tl > Hg。从金属原价分布来看，城市化并不是控制金属原价分布的唯一因素。吸附过程和有机物含量也成为重要的影响因素。富集因子值以下的顺序:T1 > >铅>锰>汞、铬>有限公司> Cd >镍> >锌> >铜> V。结果表明，Cu、V和Al的来源为岩石成因，而Tl、Pb、Mn、Hg、Cr、Co、Cd、Ni和As的来源为人为积累。根据潜在生态风险指数，这些要素具有产生中高水平生态风险的潜力，主要来源于大气。生态污染指数在风险水平上也与研究结果一致。城市垃圾流、化石燃料燃烧和附近的水泥厂似乎也是可能的来源。
{"title":"Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of metals in Kura river sediments along a human disturbance gradient","authors":"Serkan Kükrer, İ. Tunç, A. E. Erginal, Ozender Bay, Ş. Kılıç","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1940378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1940378","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Monitoring the pollution status of freshwater resources is an important step in sustainable planning. This study aimed to determine the distribution and sources of metals in the sediments of the transboundary eastern Anatolian/Caucasus region Kura river as well as its ecological risk level. Surface sediment samples were collected from eight sites along the human disturbance gradient. Multi-element analyses of the collected samples were performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Chlorophyll degradation product (CDP) analysis was performed spectrophotometrically. OC analysis was carried out using the titration method. The data obtained were evaluated using the indices of enrichment factor, geo-accumulation, modified hazard quotient and ecological contamination index and potential ecological risk. The average content of metals in the sediment at the eight sites was of the following descending order from highest to lowest: Al > Mn > Zn > V> Ni > Cr > Cu > Co > Pb > As > Cd > Tl > Hg. According to the distribution of raw metal values, urbanization is not the only factor controlling metal distribution. Adsorption processes and organic material content also emerge as an important factor. Enrichment factor values were of the following order: T1 > Pb > Mn > Hg > Cr > Co > Cd > Ni > As > Zn > Al > Cu > V. Results revealed that the sources of Cu, V and Al were lithogenic, in contrast to Tl, Pb, Mn, Hg, Cr, Co, Cd, Ni, and As, thus pointing to human-induced accumulation. According to the potential ecological risk index, these elements have the potential to create medium-to-high level ecological risks and were substantially of atmospheric origin. The ecological contamination index is also consistent with these findings in terms of risk level. A municipal waste stream, fossil fuel burning and a cement plant operating in close proximity also appeared to be the possible sources.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"1 1","pages":"491 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79303256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1940380
K. Shahzad, T. H. Farooq, Buhari Doğan, Li Zhong Hu, Umer Shahzad
Abstract The coronavirus pandemic has infected more than 100 million people worldwide with COVID-19, with millions of deaths across the globe. In this research, we explored the effects of environmental and weather variables with daily COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 fatalities in Istanbul, Turkey. Turkey has the 8th highest number of COVID-19 cases globally, with the highest infections and deaths in Istanbul. This may be the first study to conduct a comprehensive investigation for environmental quality (air quality pollutants, e.g., PM2.5 and PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc.), weather parameters (temperature, humidity) and COVID-19 in Turkey. The authors collected meteorological data from 11 March 2020 to 8 February 2021 and COVID-19 data from Istanbul and other regions. The results from empirical estimations, correlation analysis, and quantile on quantile techniques support that air quality and temperature significantly influence COVID-19 deaths in Istanbul. This research may help policymakers and health scientists to take specific measures to reduce the spread of coronavirus across different global cities. The effects of air quality on COVID-19 in Istanbul was investigated. The study applied correlation and quantile on quantile techniques over daily data. Temperature significantly induces the spread of COVID-19 in Istanbul at all quantiles. Air quality and Nitrogen are positively linked with COVID-19 new cases.
{"title":"Does environmental quality and weather induce COVID-19: Case study of Istanbul, Turkey","authors":"K. Shahzad, T. H. Farooq, Buhari Doğan, Li Zhong Hu, Umer Shahzad","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1940380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1940380","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The coronavirus pandemic has infected more than 100 million people worldwide with COVID-19, with millions of deaths across the globe. In this research, we explored the effects of environmental and weather variables with daily COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 fatalities in Istanbul, Turkey. Turkey has the 8th highest number of COVID-19 cases globally, with the highest infections and deaths in Istanbul. This may be the first study to conduct a comprehensive investigation for environmental quality (air quality pollutants, e.g., PM2.5 and PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc.), weather parameters (temperature, humidity) and COVID-19 in Turkey. The authors collected meteorological data from 11 March 2020 to 8 February 2021 and COVID-19 data from Istanbul and other regions. The results from empirical estimations, correlation analysis, and quantile on quantile techniques support that air quality and temperature significantly influence COVID-19 deaths in Istanbul. This research may help policymakers and health scientists to take specific measures to reduce the spread of coronavirus across different global cities. The effects of air quality on COVID-19 in Istanbul was investigated. The study applied correlation and quantile on quantile techniques over daily data. Temperature significantly induces the spread of COVID-19 in Istanbul at all quantiles. Air quality and Nitrogen are positively linked with COVID-19 new cases.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"120 1","pages":"9 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90567689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1940383
M. Manoj, B. Thakur, P. Uddandam
Abstract Climate changes on the Southwest coast of India have essential impacts on social and economic development, and the ecosystem of Southern India. Here, we present the last 2000 cal yr AD rare earth elemental records of the sediment core from the Cherai, Kerala coast, southwest India. The light rare earth elements (LREE) were the most abundant fraction in the core sediment, followed by medium rare earth elements (MREE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE). Total REE (ΣREE) showed a significant correlation with fine fractions and Y, Al, Ti, Fe and total organic carbon content of the sediments, suggesting an intrinsic relationship between REE, total organic carbon and fine grain-size fraction. The LREE and MREE were enriched over the MREE due to their high adsorption with the fine fraction. The lack of correlation between terrigenous elements and low Y/Ho elemental ratio suggests a minor shift in the source materials. High ΣREE values during warm (Medieval Warm Period/ Medieval Climate Anomaly (MWP/MCA) and cold Little Ice Age (LIA) periods indicate a high influx of lithogenous materials during these intervals. The negative δCe values except MCA suggest a suboxic condition and the δEu values suggest feldspar-rich source rock material derived from moderately weathered sediments. It also indicates that the REE variations are controlled by factors like river supply, biological productivity and redox condition. A close link between monsoonal precipitation and REE records existed on the southwest coast of India. During the Dark Age Cold Period (DACP)/MWP transition, a sudden increase in monsoon is documented and the monsoon precipitation was further decreased during LIA and Current Warming Period. The Cherai core REE records synchronize with the episodes of centennial-scale warm/cool events and essentially follow the northern hemispheric climate cycles.
印度西南海岸的气候变化对印度南部的社会经济发展和生态系统有着重要的影响。在这里，我们介绍了印度西南部喀拉拉邦海岸Cherai沉积物岩心的近2000 cal年稀土元素记录。轻稀土元素(LREE)在岩心沉积物中含量最高，其次为中稀土元素(MREE)和重稀土元素(HREE)。总REE (ΣREE)与沉积物的细粒度组分、Y、Al、Ti、Fe和总有机碳含量呈显著相关，表明REE、总有机碳与细粒度组分之间存在内在联系。轻稀土和重稀土由于在细馏分上的高吸附而比重稀土富集。陆源元素相关性不强，且Y/Ho元素比值较低，说明源物质发生了较小的转移。在温暖(中世纪暖期/中世纪气候异常(MWP/MCA))和寒冷的小冰期(LIA)期间，高ΣREE值表明在这些间隔期间岩石物质大量流入。除MCA外δCe值均为负，表明烃源岩为亚氧环境，δEu值表明烃源岩为富长石，来源于中等风化沉积。稀土元素的变化受河流供给、生物生产力和氧化还原条件等因素的控制。印度西南海岸季风降水与REE记录之间存在密切联系。在暗冷期(Dark Age Cold Period, DACP)/MWP过渡期间，记录了季风的突然增加，季风降水在LIA和Current Warming Period期间进一步减少。Cherai核REE记录与百年际暖/冷事件同步，基本遵循北半球气候周期。
{"title":"Controls on rare earth elements distribution from Kerala coast, southwest India over the past 2000 years","authors":"M. Manoj, B. Thakur, P. Uddandam","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1940383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1940383","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate changes on the Southwest coast of India have essential impacts on social and economic development, and the ecosystem of Southern India. Here, we present the last 2000 cal yr AD rare earth elemental records of the sediment core from the Cherai, Kerala coast, southwest India. The light rare earth elements (LREE) were the most abundant fraction in the core sediment, followed by medium rare earth elements (MREE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE). Total REE (ΣREE) showed a significant correlation with fine fractions and Y, Al, Ti, Fe and total organic carbon content of the sediments, suggesting an intrinsic relationship between REE, total organic carbon and fine grain-size fraction. The LREE and MREE were enriched over the MREE due to their high adsorption with the fine fraction. The lack of correlation between terrigenous elements and low Y/Ho elemental ratio suggests a minor shift in the source materials. High ΣREE values during warm (Medieval Warm Period/ Medieval Climate Anomaly (MWP/MCA) and cold Little Ice Age (LIA) periods indicate a high influx of lithogenous materials during these intervals. The negative δCe values except MCA suggest a suboxic condition and the δEu values suggest feldspar-rich source rock material derived from moderately weathered sediments. It also indicates that the REE variations are controlled by factors like river supply, biological productivity and redox condition. A close link between monsoonal precipitation and REE records existed on the southwest coast of India. During the Dark Age Cold Period (DACP)/MWP transition, a sudden increase in monsoon is documented and the monsoon precipitation was further decreased during LIA and Current Warming Period. The Cherai core REE records synchronize with the episodes of centennial-scale warm/cool events and essentially follow the northern hemispheric climate cycles.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"46 1","pages":"28 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83171675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1940382
L. Madikizela, L. Chimuka, Somandla Ncube
Abstract Regular monitoring of the chemical status of water bodies remains crucial in countries where data on chemical fingerprints that can assist in environmental policy is still limited. The current study focused on the concentrations of 14 metals and their sources in two important South African rivers that pass through various rural areas and two semi-urban towns in the province of the Eastern Cape. Most of the essential metals were within the South African guidelines for domestic water use except for selenium and iron which reached the concentrations of 131 and 712 µg L−1 that exceed the guideline values of 20 and 200 µg L−1, respectively. Cadmium and lead were above the South African Water Quality Guidelines and World Health Organization limits of 3 and 10 µg L−1, attaining the highest concentrations of 35 and 34 µg L−1, respectively. The impact of the wastewater treatment plant effluent and the municipal dumpsite leachates on metal ion concentrations in the rivers was observed for some metals. The metals source was related to deterioration of galvanized corrugated steel sheets from scrap yards and dwellings made-out of galvanized corrugated sheets, as well as agricultural activities and natural geological processes. An overview of the current water quality status of the two rivers may serve as a basis for sink-oriented pollutant fingerprinting toward sustainable water sources for communities.
在一些国家，定期监测水体的化学状态仍然至关重要，因为这些国家的化学指纹数据可以帮助制定环境政策。目前的研究集中于14种金属的浓度及其在南非两条重要河流中的来源，这两条河流流经东开普省的各个农村地区和两个半城市城镇。除了硒和铁的浓度分别达到131和712 μ g L - 1，超过了20和200 μ g L - 1的指导值外，大多数必需金属都在南非家庭用水指南范围内。镉和铅均高于《南非水质准则》和世界卫生组织规定的3和10 μ g L - 1的限值，最高浓度分别为35和34 μ g L - 1。观察了污水处理厂流出物和城市垃圾场渗滤液对河流中某些金属离子浓度的影响。金属来源与来自废料场和由镀锌波纹钢板制成的住宅的镀锌波纹钢板的变质以及农业活动和自然地质过程有关。对两河水质现状的概述可以作为面向汇的污染物指纹识别的基础，为社区提供可持续的水源。
{"title":"Metal pollution source apportionment in two important Rivers of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: a case study of Bizana and Mthatha Rivers","authors":"L. Madikizela, L. Chimuka, Somandla Ncube","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1940382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1940382","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Regular monitoring of the chemical status of water bodies remains crucial in countries where data on chemical fingerprints that can assist in environmental policy is still limited. The current study focused on the concentrations of 14 metals and their sources in two important South African rivers that pass through various rural areas and two semi-urban towns in the province of the Eastern Cape. Most of the essential metals were within the South African guidelines for domestic water use except for selenium and iron which reached the concentrations of 131 and 712 µg L−1 that exceed the guideline values of 20 and 200 µg L−1, respectively. Cadmium and lead were above the South African Water Quality Guidelines and World Health Organization limits of 3 and 10 µg L−1, attaining the highest concentrations of 35 and 34 µg L−1, respectively. The impact of the wastewater treatment plant effluent and the municipal dumpsite leachates on metal ion concentrations in the rivers was observed for some metals. The metals source was related to deterioration of galvanized corrugated steel sheets from scrap yards and dwellings made-out of galvanized corrugated sheets, as well as agricultural activities and natural geological processes. An overview of the current water quality status of the two rivers may serve as a basis for sink-oriented pollutant fingerprinting toward sustainable water sources for communities.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"55 1","pages":"71 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75462328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1940379
C. M. Iwegbue, Nnamdi Nwose, G. Tesi, C. Olisah, O. T. Ujam, Eze W. Odali, F. E. Egobueze, G. E. Nwajei, B. Martincigh
Abstract This study provides data on the concentrations and occupational risk of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, and Fe in indoor dust from visual arts studios of nine tertiary institutions in southern Nigeria. The dust samples were digested in aqua regia and their metal concentrations were quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of metals in dust from visual arts studios ranged from not detected (nd) to 91.5 mg kg−1 Cd, 4.5 to 540 mg kg−1 Pb, 0.10 to 1,100 mg kg−1 Cr, 0.50 to 1,150 mg kg−1 Ni, 10 to 15,600 mg kg−1 Cu, 0.5 to 146 mg kg−1 Co, 3.0 to 3,680 mg kg−1 Mn, 93.5 to 9,600 mg kg−1 Zn, and 853 to 237,000 mg kg−1 Fe. The degree of contamination of the dust particles by metals was assessed by making use of the contamination/pollution index, geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor. These indices suggested that dusts from these visual arts studios were impacted with Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn. The hazard index (HI) and cancer risk values relating to adults’ exposure to metals in dust from these arts studios were within safe limits. Principal component analysis indicated that the sources of metal contamination in dust from these visual arts studios were related to inputs from constituents of the artist’s materials and vehicular emissions.
摘要:本研究提供了尼日利亚南部9所高等院校视觉艺术工作室室内粉尘中Cd、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、Mn、Zn和Fe的浓度和职业风险数据。用王水消解粉尘样品，用原子吸收光谱法测定其金属含量。视觉艺术工作室粉尘中金属的浓度范围为未检测到(nd)至91.5 mg kg - 1 Cd、4.5至540 mg kg - 1 Pb、0.10至1100 mg kg - 1 Cr、0.50至1150 mg kg - 1 Ni、10至15600 mg kg - 1 Cu、0.5至146 mg kg - 1 Co、3.0至3680 mg kg - 1 Mn、93.5至9600 mg kg - 1 Zn和853至237,000 mg kg - 1 Fe。利用污染/污染指数、地积累指数和富集系数对粉尘颗粒的金属污染程度进行评价。这些指标表明，这些视觉艺术工作室的粉尘受到Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的影响。与成人接触这些艺术工作室粉尘中的金属有关的危害指数(HI)和癌症风险值均在安全范围内。主成分分析表明，来自这些视觉艺术工作室的粉尘中的金属污染来源与艺术家的材料成分和车辆排放有关。
{"title":"Concentrations, sources, and health risk assessment of metals in indoor dust collected from visual arts studios of selected tertiary institutions in Southern Nigeria","authors":"C. M. Iwegbue, Nnamdi Nwose, G. Tesi, C. Olisah, O. T. Ujam, Eze W. Odali, F. E. Egobueze, G. E. Nwajei, B. Martincigh","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1940379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1940379","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study provides data on the concentrations and occupational risk of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, and Fe in indoor dust from visual arts studios of nine tertiary institutions in southern Nigeria. The dust samples were digested in aqua regia and their metal concentrations were quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of metals in dust from visual arts studios ranged from not detected (nd) to 91.5 mg kg−1 Cd, 4.5 to 540 mg kg−1 Pb, 0.10 to 1,100 mg kg−1 Cr, 0.50 to 1,150 mg kg−1 Ni, 10 to 15,600 mg kg−1 Cu, 0.5 to 146 mg kg−1 Co, 3.0 to 3,680 mg kg−1 Mn, 93.5 to 9,600 mg kg−1 Zn, and 853 to 237,000 mg kg−1 Fe. The degree of contamination of the dust particles by metals was assessed by making use of the contamination/pollution index, geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor. These indices suggested that dusts from these visual arts studios were impacted with Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn. The hazard index (HI) and cancer risk values relating to adults’ exposure to metals in dust from these arts studios were within safe limits. Principal component analysis indicated that the sources of metal contamination in dust from these visual arts studios were related to inputs from constituents of the artist’s materials and vehicular emissions.","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"12 1","pages":"55 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83534018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-18DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1940381
Chris Balouet, J. Burken, Jacques Martelain, J. Lageard, F. Karg, D. Megson
Abstract The legal admissibility of scientific tools, such as dendrochemistry providing forensic evidence for criminal or civil cases, critically relies on the quality of fundamental and applied scientific research. The “Daubert” and “Frye” criteria that federal courts in the U.S.A use for determining legal admissibility requires publication of the scientific basis for the tool, and general acceptance by the scientific community. The field of dendroforensics is rapidly evolving, with new methods constantly being developed. In this manuscript we investigate how this dendrochemical evidence has been used successfully in the courtroom. The study of tree rings using physical anatomical and dendrochronological methods has been used as evidence in courts for over 150 years. From these beginnings in dendroecology dendrochemical and biological methods have matured enough to allow it to be used in forensic investigations, finding applications as a new independent line of evidence around the world, supporting cases involving murder, trafficking of protected species, and pollution crimes. We summarize some of the key applications of dendrochemistry in forensic cases and illustrate them with courtroom examples. The basic analytical methods discussed (e.g., PCR, GC-MS, LIBS, LA/ICP-MS, EDXRF) are all conventional. However, for findings to be relevant to judicial cases, the data is normally applied with additional lines of evidence gathered such as tree physiology and relevant statistics. This can allow us to gain more powerful data to help age date a specific event or to spatially identify a source material. The purpose of this article is to show how recent research has paved the way for the use of dendrochemical evidence in courts. It shows how dendrochemistry can be useful for forensic investigations including: murder cases, trafficking of protected species, and pollution crimes. The applications are illustrated by several summarized legal cases, but due to the confidential nature of some of these cases it was not always possible to provide full details or references. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Dendrochemical forensics as material evidence in courts: How could trees lie?","authors":"Chris Balouet, J. Burken, Jacques Martelain, J. Lageard, F. Karg, D. Megson","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1940381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1940381","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The legal admissibility of scientific tools, such as dendrochemistry providing forensic evidence for criminal or civil cases, critically relies on the quality of fundamental and applied scientific research. The “Daubert” and “Frye” criteria that federal courts in the U.S.A use for determining legal admissibility requires publication of the scientific basis for the tool, and general acceptance by the scientific community. The field of dendroforensics is rapidly evolving, with new methods constantly being developed. In this manuscript we investigate how this dendrochemical evidence has been used successfully in the courtroom. The study of tree rings using physical anatomical and dendrochronological methods has been used as evidence in courts for over 150 years. From these beginnings in dendroecology dendrochemical and biological methods have matured enough to allow it to be used in forensic investigations, finding applications as a new independent line of evidence around the world, supporting cases involving murder, trafficking of protected species, and pollution crimes. We summarize some of the key applications of dendrochemistry in forensic cases and illustrate them with courtroom examples. The basic analytical methods discussed (e.g., PCR, GC-MS, LIBS, LA/ICP-MS, EDXRF) are all conventional. However, for findings to be relevant to judicial cases, the data is normally applied with additional lines of evidence gathered such as tree physiology and relevant statistics. This can allow us to gain more powerful data to help age date a specific event or to spatially identify a source material. The purpose of this article is to show how recent research has paved the way for the use of dendrochemical evidence in courts. It shows how dendrochemistry can be useful for forensic investigations including: murder cases, trafficking of protected species, and pollution crimes. The applications are illustrated by several summarized legal cases, but due to the confidential nature of some of these cases it was not always possible to provide full details or references. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"43 1","pages":"21 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84872019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-18DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2021.1940384
F. Adebiyi, O. Ore, A. Adegunwa, G. Akhigbe
Abstract The levels of essential and toxic elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, and Ni) were determined in kerosene-contaminated soils with the aim of identifying their possible sources and associated health and ecological risks. Ni was undetected in the studied soils. Fe had the highest mean concentration (14,172 ± 6110.13 mg/kg) while Co had the least mean concentration (1.42 ± 3.17 mg/kg) in the studied soils. The studied soils showed varying degrees of contamination/pollution based on the results of contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, modified degree of contamination, and pollution load index. Source apportionment using cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and positive matrix factorization identified vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, biomass/waste incineration, and natural sources as the major contributors to pollution of the soils. Health risk assessment showed that there were no noncarcinogenic risks associated with ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure to the studied soils (HI < 1). Ingestion and dermal exposure were identified as the principal exposure pathways to non-carcinogenic health risks. Fe had the highest individual contribution to potential health risks (RR = 57.63%). Ecological risk assessment indicated low ecological risks by the metals in the studied soils (RI < 150).
{"title":"Source apportionment, health and ecological risk assessments of essential and toxic elements in kerosene-contaminated soils","authors":"F. Adebiyi, O. Ore, A. Adegunwa, G. Akhigbe","doi":"10.1080/15275922.2021.1940384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1940384","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The levels of essential and toxic elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, and Ni) were determined in kerosene-contaminated soils with the aim of identifying their possible sources and associated health and ecological risks. Ni was undetected in the studied soils. Fe had the highest mean concentration (14,172 ± 6110.13 mg/kg) while Co had the least mean concentration (1.42 ± 3.17 mg/kg) in the studied soils. The studied soils showed varying degrees of contamination/pollution based on the results of contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, modified degree of contamination, and pollution load index. Source apportionment using cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and positive matrix factorization identified vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, biomass/waste incineration, and natural sources as the major contributors to pollution of the soils. Health risk assessment showed that there were no noncarcinogenic risks associated with ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure to the studied soils (HI < 1). Ingestion and dermal exposure were identified as the principal exposure pathways to non-carcinogenic health risks. Fe had the highest individual contribution to potential health risks (RR = 57.63%). Ecological risk assessment indicated low ecological risks by the metals in the studied soils (RI < 150).","PeriodicalId":11895,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Forensics","volume":"441 1","pages":"44 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79641450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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