Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021010009
Flavia Piarulli, A. Fantini, C. Gazzetti, Daniele Guarneri, Paolo Cassola
The systems integrated in GIS environment have become part of territory management and revolutionised georeferenced data processing as one of the measures that technologically help disseminate knowledge about cultural heritage and protect it. This is the context in which the experimental project for Parco Nazionale Circeo—PNC (Sabaudia-LT) was set up. The project is aimed at a new form of disseminating cultural information and enhancing the territory for an innovative tourism strategy.
{"title":"OpenSource Geotechnologies for the Enhancement of Tourism and the Territory","authors":"Flavia Piarulli, A. Fantini, C. Gazzetti, Daniele Guarneri, Paolo Cassola","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021010009","url":null,"abstract":"The systems integrated in GIS environment have become part of territory management and revolutionised georeferenced data processing as one of the measures that technologically help disseminate knowledge about cultural heritage and protect it. This is the context in which the experimental project for Parco Nazionale Circeo—PNC (Sabaudia-LT) was set up. The project is aimed at a new form of disseminating cultural information and enhancing the territory for an innovative tourism strategy.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83231776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009024
Kamila Gryko, M. Kalinowska, G. Świderski
The release of toxic substances in the environment continues to be a problem despite increased efforts to reduce this. The commonly used methods of removing heavy metal ions from water and wastewater have many disadvantages, including a low efficiency and high cost. Heavy metals and dyes are the most problematic pollutants due to their toxicity and stability in the environment. For this reason, in recent years, remediation technologies such as the sorption on materials of natural origin, have been developed. However, these technologies are still rarely used at an industrial level. Recently, scientists have attempted to apply the promising properties of nanotechnology to this field, conducting research on the possibility of using biosorbents in the nanoscale in wastewater treatment. Much attention is currently paid to the preparation of cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly adsorbents, as well as their chemical modifications, to increase the metal removal efficiency from water and wastewater. The waste materials from the agricultural industry are cheap adsorbents that require little treatment. This kind of biosorbent is not able to remove specific metal ions, but by chemical modifications its adsorption capacity and specificity can be increased. The data from the literature are reported for various types of bio-adsorbent materials, e.g., fruit or vegetable pomace and nut shells. One of the most promising raw materials is apple pomace. It was estimated that, in recent years, global apple production reached approximately 75 million tons, equating to 5–7 million tons of apple pomace per year. The management of such waste is a serious challenge. The rational management of exhausting resources requires looking at waste in terms of its use as a reusable raw material. The aim of this paper was to collect information and compare the parameters (pH, dose of adsorbent, and kinetics, etc.) of heavy metal sorption on apple pomace in order to demonstrate the potential of this adsorbent application.
{"title":"The Use of Apple Pomace in Removing Heavy Metals from Water and Sewage","authors":"Kamila Gryko, M. Kalinowska, G. Świderski","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009024","url":null,"abstract":"The release of toxic substances in the environment continues to be a problem despite increased efforts to reduce this. The commonly used methods of removing heavy metal ions from water and wastewater have many disadvantages, including a low efficiency and high cost. Heavy metals and dyes are the most problematic pollutants due to their toxicity and stability in the environment. For this reason, in recent years, remediation technologies such as the sorption on materials of natural origin, have been developed. However, these technologies are still rarely used at an industrial level. Recently, scientists have attempted to apply the promising properties of nanotechnology to this field, conducting research on the possibility of using biosorbents in the nanoscale in wastewater treatment. Much attention is currently paid to the preparation of cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly adsorbents, as well as their chemical modifications, to increase the metal removal efficiency from water and wastewater. The waste materials from the agricultural industry are cheap adsorbents that require little treatment. This kind of biosorbent is not able to remove specific metal ions, but by chemical modifications its adsorption capacity and specificity can be increased. The data from the literature are reported for various types of bio-adsorbent materials, e.g., fruit or vegetable pomace and nut shells. One of the most promising raw materials is apple pomace. It was estimated that, in recent years, global apple production reached approximately 75 million tons, equating to 5–7 million tons of apple pomace per year. The management of such waste is a serious challenge. The rational management of exhausting resources requires looking at waste in terms of its use as a reusable raw material. The aim of this paper was to collect information and compare the parameters (pH, dose of adsorbent, and kinetics, etc.) of heavy metal sorption on apple pomace in order to demonstrate the potential of this adsorbent application.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73684257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009023
Gabriel Siegień, S. Obidziński, M. Kowczyk-Sadowy, Piotr Ławrynowicz
The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of rye bran addition (from 10 to 20%) on the course of the granulation process of post-harvest sage waste and on the quality of the obtained granulate (including its fuel properties). The granulation process was tested on the SS-4 test stand, with a P-300 granulator with a “flat matrix-compacting rollers” working system. The addition of rye bran causes a reduction of the power requirement of the granulator (from 3.75 to 3.19 kW) and a reduction of physical and bulk density, as well as an increase in its kinetic durability. We determined the higher heating value of sage (at 10% moisture content), 19.39 MJ/kg, and the lower heating value, 18.17 MJ/kg, thereby allowing us to state its high energy values. The addition of 20% of rye bran causes a decrease in the higher heating value by 2.07% and the lower heating value by 2.67%.
{"title":"Assessment of the Physical Properties of the Fuel Pellets Formed from Post-Harvest Sage Waste with the Addition of Rye Bran","authors":"Gabriel Siegień, S. Obidziński, M. Kowczyk-Sadowy, Piotr Ławrynowicz","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009023","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of rye bran addition (from 10 to 20%) on the course of the granulation process of post-harvest sage waste and on the quality of the obtained granulate (including its fuel properties). The granulation process was tested on the SS-4 test stand, with a P-300 granulator with a “flat matrix-compacting rollers” working system. The addition of rye bran causes a reduction of the power requirement of the granulator (from 3.75 to 3.19 kW) and a reduction of physical and bulk density, as well as an increase in its kinetic durability. We determined the higher heating value of sage (at 10% moisture content), 19.39 MJ/kg, and the lower heating value, 18.17 MJ/kg, thereby allowing us to state its high energy values. The addition of 20% of rye bran causes a decrease in the higher heating value by 2.07% and the lower heating value by 2.67%.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74871256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009022
Adriana Dowbysz, M. Samsonowicz
Smoke generated in the combustion process of plastics reduces visibility and contains toxic products causing severe health problems for and may be hazardous to both people and the environment. Therefore, the awareness of smoke specification is important. This paper presents two most common small-scale methods for measuring smoke parameters. The cone calorimeter method and single-chamber test, respectively, standardized by ISO 5660 and PN-EN ISO 5659-2 were reviewed. Fundamentals of these methods and measurement techniques were described. Di-verse smoke parameters obtained from these methods were collected and specified. Attention was also drawn to the relevance of these parameters to standard requirements for various industry fields such as rail transport or shipbuilding.
塑料燃烧过程中产生的烟雾降低了能见度，并含有有毒产品，对人类和环境造成严重的健康问题，并可能对人类和环境有害。因此，烟雾规范意识是很重要的。本文介绍了两种最常用的测量烟雾参数的小尺度方法。对ISO 5660和PN-EN ISO 5659-2标准的锥量热法和单室试验进行了综述。介绍了这些方法和测量技术的基本原理。收集并说明了这些方法得到的各种烟雾参数。还提请注意这些参数与诸如铁路运输或造船等各种工业领域的标准要求的相关性。
{"title":"Smoke Generation Parameters from the Cone Calorimeter Method and Single-Chamber Test","authors":"Adriana Dowbysz, M. Samsonowicz","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009022","url":null,"abstract":"Smoke generated in the combustion process of plastics reduces visibility and contains toxic products causing severe health problems for and may be hazardous to both people and the environment. Therefore, the awareness of smoke specification is important. This paper presents two most common small-scale methods for measuring smoke parameters. The cone calorimeter method and single-chamber test, respectively, standardized by ISO 5660 and PN-EN ISO 5659-2 were reviewed. Fundamentals of these methods and measurement techniques were described. Di-verse smoke parameters obtained from these methods were collected and specified. Attention was also drawn to the relevance of these parameters to standard requirements for various industry fields such as rail transport or shipbuilding.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82921626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009021
F. Comino, María Jesús Romero-Lara, M. R. D. Adana
Regenerative indirect evaporative cooling (RIEC) systems are an interesting alternative to conventional air-cooling systems. In the present work, the main objective was to experimentally determine the performance of a RIEC air-cooling system under different inlet air conditions. Moreover, a mathematical RIEC model based on a modified ε-NTU numerical method was developed and validated. The experimental RIEC results showed a high cooling capacity, with dew point effectiveness values up to 0.91. The accuracy obtained of the mathematical model was more than acceptable. Therefore, it can be used properly to study the global behavior of a RIEC.
{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Regenerative Indirect Evaporative Coolers","authors":"F. Comino, María Jesús Romero-Lara, M. R. D. Adana","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009021","url":null,"abstract":"Regenerative indirect evaporative cooling (RIEC) systems are an interesting alternative to conventional air-cooling systems. In the present work, the main objective was to experimentally determine the performance of a RIEC air-cooling system under different inlet air conditions. Moreover, a mathematical RIEC model based on a modified ε-NTU numerical method was developed and validated. The experimental RIEC results showed a high cooling capacity, with dew point effectiveness values up to 0.91. The accuracy obtained of the mathematical model was more than acceptable. Therefore, it can be used properly to study the global behavior of a RIEC.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81996253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021010008
S. Malatesta, Paolo Rosati
ArcheoBot is a prototype of a Telegram Bot: it is an experimental prototype that builds on the common digital experiences of the authors of this article, aiming to offer a quick, powerful, easy to use tool. It aims to serve archaeological and topographical investigations quickly and to interface with other software for the management of collected data.
{"title":"ArcheoBot Experimental Tools for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage","authors":"S. Malatesta, Paolo Rosati","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021010008","url":null,"abstract":"ArcheoBot is a prototype of a Telegram Bot: it is an experimental prototype that builds on the common digital experiences of the authors of this article, aiming to offer a quick, powerful, easy to use tool. It aims to serve archaeological and topographical investigations quickly and to interface with other software for the management of collected data.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80614353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009020
Sara Sewastianik, A. Gajewski
Indirect greenhouse gases emissions due to electricity production for powering heat pumps are compared in all Polish climatic zones. The different meteorological conditions are defined by the typical meteorological year. The comparison is made for air-to-water, brine-to-water and water-to-water devices. It starts from determining electrical energy consumption and coefficient of performance value in every hour of a heating season. The determination algorithm takes into consideration a buffer tank or separating heat exchanger when one is required. Subsequently the emissions estimations are done for the present Polish energy mix and assumed one in “Energy policy of Poland until 2040”.
{"title":"An Ecological Profitability Assessment of the Heat Pumps in Poland","authors":"Sara Sewastianik, A. Gajewski","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009020","url":null,"abstract":"Indirect greenhouse gases emissions due to electricity production for powering heat pumps are compared in all Polish climatic zones. The different meteorological conditions are defined by the typical meteorological year. The comparison is made for air-to-water, brine-to-water and water-to-water devices. It starts from determining electrical energy consumption and coefficient of performance value in every hour of a heating season. The determination algorithm takes into consideration a buffer tank or separating heat exchanger when one is required. Subsequently the emissions estimations are done for the present Polish energy mix and assumed one in “Energy policy of Poland until 2040”.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90362094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-25DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009019
Z. Slanina, W. Walendziuk, L. Prokop, Martin Kosinka
This study focused on the use of technical solutions for automated parking for urban needs with regard to energetic self-sufficiency, balancing the price and usability of the building area for the optimal number of parking spaces and the goal of the maximum use of the building surface for green areas that provide not only oxygen production but also filtration of dust particles and appropriate water management.
{"title":"A Study of Self-Powered Robotic Parking Lots in Inhabited Areas","authors":"Z. Slanina, W. Walendziuk, L. Prokop, Martin Kosinka","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009019","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on the use of technical solutions for automated parking for urban needs with regard to energetic self-sufficiency, balancing the price and usability of the building area for the optimal number of parking spaces and the goal of the maximum use of the building surface for green areas that provide not only oxygen production but also filtration of dust particles and appropriate water management.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90293484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-25DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021009018
J. Frankowski, Dominika Sieracka
Hemp biomass is useful in many branches of the economy. Hemp cultivation to obtain seeds has been gaining importance recently. In this process, shredded straw is a waste biomass which can be used for energy purposes. The possibilities for using waste hemp straw for solid biofuel production are described in this extended abstract, using the example of the Henola variety. The analyzed biomass was characterized by a high content of cellulose (over 40%) and hemicellulose (almost 30%), as well as a high calorific value (18,300 kJ·kg−1) and heat of combustion (17,100 kJ·kg−1).
{"title":"Possibilities for Using Waste Hemp Straw for Solid Biofuel Production","authors":"J. Frankowski, Dominika Sieracka","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021009018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009018","url":null,"abstract":"Hemp biomass is useful in many branches of the economy. Hemp cultivation to obtain seeds has been gaining importance recently. In this process, shredded straw is a waste biomass which can be used for energy purposes. The possibilities for using waste hemp straw for solid biofuel production are described in this extended abstract, using the example of the Henola variety. The analyzed biomass was characterized by a high content of cellulose (over 40%) and hemicellulose (almost 30%), as well as a high calorific value (18,300 kJ·kg−1) and heat of combustion (17,100 kJ·kg−1).","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73023830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-23DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021010007
Varinia Nardi, Claudia Sabbini, S. Malatesta
Italy’s prehistoric and protohistoric heritage is subjected to more threats than any other for reasons that go beyond its antiquity: if it is true that the record is often less imposing in its traces, this cannot justify the widespread general ignorance surrounding it. Such ignorance is mirrored and amplified by the lack of systematic recording of all kinds of evidence regarding this timeframe. Even though there is more than one platform available for such recording, its use is rarely considered accessible, and their features appear to be more oriented towards cataloguing rather than research or trying to capture the attention of a non-specialized audience. In this article, we pinpoint what seems to be missing and propose a model that can deal with the challenge.
{"title":"SH.AR.P.P. (SHared ARchaeological Platform for Prehistory): Building an Informative System for Italian Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sites","authors":"Varinia Nardi, Claudia Sabbini, S. Malatesta","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021010007","url":null,"abstract":"Italy’s prehistoric and protohistoric heritage is subjected to more threats than any other for reasons that go beyond its antiquity: if it is true that the record is often less imposing in its traces, this cannot justify the widespread general ignorance surrounding it. Such ignorance is mirrored and amplified by the lack of systematic recording of all kinds of evidence regarding this timeframe. Even though there is more than one platform available for such recording, its use is rarely considered accessible, and their features appear to be more oriented towards cataloguing rather than research or trying to capture the attention of a non-specialized audience. In this article, we pinpoint what seems to be missing and propose a model that can deal with the challenge.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88352992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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