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Fiscal geographies between the crisis and the pandemic 危机和大流行之间的财政地理位置
Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231202917
Renee Tapp, Kelly Kay
This paper serves as an introduction to the themed issue on “Post-Crisis Fiscal Geographies.” In it, we review the growing body of work on fiscal policy and geography, with particular emphasis on taxation and tax policy. We argue that geographers and other scholars of political economy should pay greater attention to the state’s active capacities, particularly during the long troughs between the crises which tend to receive the bulk of scholarly and popular attention. We situate the three papers that comprise the special issue within the broader literature, closing by suggesting the need to broaden fiscal geographies scholarship beyond tax, as well as raising the possibilities for justice that could arise from closer engagement with fiscal policy.
本文是“后危机财政地理学”专题的介绍。在该报告中,我们回顾了财政政策和地理方面越来越多的工作,特别强调税收和税收政策。我们认为地理学家和其他政治经济学学者应该更多地关注国家的积极能力,特别是在危机之间的漫长低谷时期,这往往会受到大量学术和公众的关注。我们将构成特刊的三篇论文置于更广泛的文献中,最后提出有必要将财政地理学研究扩大到税收以外,并提高与财政政策更密切接触可能产生的正义的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
The expansion of China’s market margins: Navigating contingencies and conjunctures 中国市场利润率的扩大:应对突发事件和突发事件
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231202912
Wenying Fu
In this exchange piece, I engage with Weber’s critical analysis, destabilizing the ideological dichotomy of the big bang approach versus experimental gradualism. I suggest that China’s past decades of conspicuous economic success are attributed to the political tactics of navigating the variegated sociospatial contingencies, as well as the conjunctures of new rounds of spatial division of labor globally in the 1980s. In sum, I point to the role of the arts of governmentality in reconfiguring domestic economic geography to sustain and facilitate the expansion of market margins for the growth of state power.
在这篇交换文章中,我参与了韦伯的批判性分析,破坏了大爆炸方法与实验渐进主义的意识形态二分法。我认为,中国过去几十年引人注目的经济成功要归功于应对各种社会空间突发事件的政治策略,以及20世纪80年代全球新一轮空间分工的机遇。总之,我指出了治理艺术在重新配置国内经济地理,以维持和促进扩大市场边际以实现国家权力增长方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Conjunctural geographies of the economy in Isabella Weber’s How China Escaped Shock Therapy 伊莎贝拉·韦伯的《中国如何躲过休克疗法》中的经济行情地理
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231202905
Chris Meulbroek
This contribution frames Isabella Weber’s How China Escaped Shock Therapy as an opportunity for geographers to theoretically and methodologically engage with a growing literature on the intellectual histories of economics. I draw out three key themes in the book that provide entry points for geographical theorizing. First, Weber understands economic knowledge to be shaped not solely by its original context but by the historical-geographical trajectories and mobilities of its producers and consumers; second, she traces the institutional processes through which economic ideas re-emerge across time and space, offering key intellectual resources for dealing with context-specific governance dilemmas and economic problems; and third, her granular accounts of elite-intellectual contestation offer a way to reveal complexity and contradiction on the inside of dominant economic-geographical imaginaries. The book is a conjunctural historical geography of China’s economy, which is both empirically specific and theoretically-general.
这一贡献为伊莎贝拉·韦伯的《中国如何逃脱休克疗法》提供了一个机会,使地理学家能够从理论上和方法上与日益增长的经济学思想史文献进行接触。我在书中提出了三个关键主题,为地理理论化提供了切入点。首先,韦伯认为,经济知识不仅受其原始背景的影响,而且受生产者和消费者的历史地理轨迹和流动性的影响;其次,她追溯了经济思想跨越时间和空间重新出现的制度过程,为处理特定背景的治理困境和经济问题提供了关键的智力资源;第三,她细致入微地描述了精英-知识分子之间的争论,提供了一种揭示主导经济-地理想象内部复杂性和矛盾性的方法。这本书是一部关于中国经济的时代性历史地理学,既具有经验上的特殊性,又具有理论上的普遍性。
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引用次数: 0
Towards a pragmatist economic geography 走向实用主义的经济地理学
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231203087
Trevor J Barnes
Following Jamie Peck’s remit for this initial set of Exchanges section contributions to present forward-positive approaches to economic geography, I offer American philosophical pragmatism, and more specifically, the neo-pragmatism of the American philosopher, Richard Rorty (1931–2007). Rather than providing a complete architectonic philosophy, pragmatism presents a set of ideas about ideas. Within the context of economic geography, I explore within this short paper three neo-pragmatist ideas: a reconceptualization of knowledge and truth; experimentation and creativity; and pluralism and conversation.
继杰米·派克(Jamie Peck)在《交换》部分的最初贡献之后,我提出了美国哲学实用主义,更具体地说,是美国哲学家理查德·罗蒂(Richard Rorty, 1931-2007)的新实用主义。实用主义并没有提供一套完整的建筑哲学,而是提出了一套关于理念的理念。在经济地理学的背景下,我在这篇短文中探讨了三个新实用主义思想:知识和真理的重新概念化;实验和创造力;多元化和对话。
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引用次数: 0
Monetary architecture and the Green Transition 货币架构与绿色转型
Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231197296
Andrei Guter-Sandu, Armin Hass, Steffen Murau
How to finance the Green Transition toward net-zero carbon emissions remains an open question. The literature either operates within a market-failure paradigm that calls for carbon taxes or cap-and-trade to help markets correct themselves, or via war finance analogies that offer a “triad” of state intervention possibilities: taxation, treasury borrowing, and central bank money creation. These frameworks often lack a thorough conceptualization of endogenous credit money creation and disregard the systemic and procedural dimensions of financing the Green Transition. We propose “Monetary Architecture” as a more comprehensive framework that perceives the monetary and financial system as a constantly evolving and historically specific hierarchical web of interlocking balance sheets. Using the United States as a case study, we stress the importance of a systemic financing dimension that uses all available elasticity space in the monetary architecture while considering a division of labor between firefighting balance sheets such as central banks or treasuries and workhorse balance sheets such as off-balance-sheet fiscal agencies or shadow banks. Procedurally, public workhorses should provide an initial balance sheet expansion and crowd in the rest of the monetary architecture, notably shadow banks, for long-term funding. Firefighters should prevent systemic instability and manage a possible final contraction.
如何为向净零碳排放的绿色转型提供资金仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。这些文献要么在市场失灵的范式下运作,呼吁征收碳税或限额与交易来帮助市场自我纠正,要么通过战争金融类比,提供国家干预的“三合一”可能性:税收、国债借款和央行货币创造。这些框架往往缺乏对内生信贷货币创造的彻底概念化,忽视了绿色转型融资的系统和程序层面。我们提出“货币架构”作为一个更全面的框架,将货币和金融体系视为一个不断发展和历史特定的连锁资产负债表等级网络。以美国为例,我们强调系统性融资维度的重要性,该维度利用货币架构中所有可用的弹性空间,同时考虑到中央银行或财政部等救场资产负债表与表外财政机构或影子银行等驮马资产负债表之间的分工。从程序上讲,公共部门应该提供最初的资产负债表扩张,并挤入货币体系的其他部门(尤其是影子银行),以获得长期融资。消防队员应防止系统性不稳定,并控制可能的最终收缩。
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引用次数: 0
Competitive dynamics of lead firms and their systems suppliers in the automotive industry 汽车行业领先企业及其系统供应商的竞争动态
Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231202390
Godfrey Yeung
Lead firms play a dominant role in the governance structure of conventional global production network (GPN) analyses but this framework is not fully applicable in sectors where (new) regulations, technologies and subsequent market changes have a disruptive effect on its governance structure. This paper proposes an analytical framework to examine how disruptive effects of industrial megatrends in forms of new regulations and technologies and the subsequent market changes could alter the competitive dynamics between lead firms and their tier-I suppliers. Although lead firms are becoming more specialized and highly efficient in specific product segments, they may not always have inter-firm control over their tier-I suppliers. GPN boundaries become more permeable when there is an external shock, such as new regulations or massive shifts in consumer demand, or the entrance of an entirely new lead firm, possibly due to a technological breakthrough or innovative use of existing technologies in a product. This external shock could have disruptive effects on the GPN, from the exit of current lead firms to the entrance of new tier-I suppliers or lead firms. Consequently, a reconstituted GPN with a newly established boundary is then produced. Applying the analytical framework to the automotive industry, it is argued that selected (and new) systems suppliers with expertise in micro-electronics are not only in a prime position to capture the value generated by the increasingly stringent regulatory environment on safety and environmental standards, but also more resilient than the incumbent automakers to three emerging megatrends: electrification, digitalization and autonomous driving. JEL: F23, L14, L20, L62
主导企业在传统的全球生产网络(GPN)治理结构分析中发挥主导作用,但这一框架并不完全适用于(新)法规、技术和随后的市场变化对其治理结构产生破坏性影响的部门。本文提出了一个分析框架,以研究新法规和新技术形式的工业大趋势的破坏性影响以及随后的市场变化如何改变领先企业与其一级供应商之间的竞争动态。虽然领先企业在特定产品领域变得更加专业化和高效,但它们可能并不总是对一级供应商拥有公司间的控制权。当存在外部冲击时,例如新的法规或消费者需求的巨大变化,或可能由于技术突破或在产品中创新地使用现有技术而进入一个全新的领先公司,GPN边界变得更具渗透性。这种外部冲击可能对GPN产生破坏性影响,从当前领先企业的退出到新的一级供应商或领先企业的进入。因此,产生一个具有新建立边界的重构GPN。将分析框架应用于汽车行业,认为具有微电子专业知识的选定(和新)系统供应商不仅在安全和环境标准日益严格的监管环境中处于有利地位,而且比现有汽车制造商更能适应三个新兴的大趋势:电气化、数字化和自动驾驶。耶利米:23、14、20、62
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引用次数: 0
Law’s place in economic geography: Time, space, and methods 法律在经济地理学中的地位:时间、空间和方法
Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231201233
Shaina Potts
In this piece, I make the case for deeper engagement with law and legal methodologies in economic geography. Recent work in and beyond geography has demonstrated that law is constitutive of capitalism. Yet, despite excellent research on many particular spatio-legal topics, there have been few attempts to conceptualize a legal approach to economic geography in any sustained way. Here, I suggest that incorporating law and legal methodologies into existing economic geographic analyses can deepen our explanations of spatio-temporal economic variegation, opening up new research questions and methods for economic geographers and expanding our conceptions of economic governance, agency, and knowledge.
在这篇文章中,我提出了在经济地理学中更深入地研究法律和法律方法的理由。最近地理学内外的研究表明,法律是资本主义的组成部分。然而,尽管对许多特定的空间法律主题进行了出色的研究,但很少有人尝试以任何持续的方式将经济地理学的法律方法概念化。在此,我建议将法律和法律方法纳入现有的经济地理分析,可以深化我们对时空经济变异的解释,为经济地理学家开辟新的研究问题和方法,扩展我们对经济治理、机构和知识的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial scales of inflation and deflation 通货膨胀和通货紧缩的空间尺度
Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231202909
Steve Rolf
Isabella Weber’s book is a prodigious contribution to the political economy of Chinese development. One of the text’s most valuable contributions is its identification of the consistently anti-inflationary stance of CCP policy. Its coverage of debates surrounding price stability and liberalisation during the shifts away from the plan in the late 1980s is particularly valuable. Here, I focus on the question of inflation, which since 2021 has dramatically appeared on the agenda for the first time in the professional lives of many political economists and geographers in the global north. The book provides valuable, fine-grained evidence from contemporary Chinese policymakers (above all through a reading of Zhao Ziyang’s writings) to make the case that the inflationary pressures experienced in China as the government experimented with reforming the planned economy during the late 1980s were not principally monetary phenomena – nor were they understood as such by contemporary actors. I build on the text by showing how it demonstrates the relevance of exploring the inflation question at a variety of spatial scales. I conclude by considering how contemporary Chinese policymakers may negotiate this inflationary ‘scale-jumping’.
伊莎贝拉·韦伯的书对中国发展的政治经济学做出了巨大贡献。本文最有价值的贡献之一是它对中国共产党一贯的反通货膨胀政策立场的认同。它对上世纪80年代末背离计划经济期间围绕价格稳定和自由化展开的辩论的报道尤其有价值。在这里,我重点关注通货膨胀问题,自2021年以来,这个问题首次戏剧性地出现在全球北方许多政治经济学家和地理学家的职业生涯议程上。我将以文本为基础,展示它如何证明在各种空间尺度上探索暴胀问题的相关性。最后,我将考虑当代中国政策制定者如何应对这种通胀“规模跳跃”。
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引用次数: 0
Short-term rentals supply-side’ structure and the struggle for rent appropriation: Insights from Andalusia, Spain 短期租金供给侧结构和租金挪用的斗争:来自西班牙安达卢西亚的见解
Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231198154
María Barrero-Rescalvo, Ibán Díaz-Parra
Platform capitalism is a growing reality with a widening social and economic impact. The rapid expansion of Short-Term Rental (STR) platforms has led to new challenges for policy regulation. The main objective of this paper is to shed some light on current conflicts surrounding the regulation of STR. The body of literature on this topic mainly focuses on the increasing substitution of sharing economy by commercial hosts. By contrast, we explain that the ideological notion of host hinders the understanding of the supply-side structure. A critical approach (as critique of ideology and ideological categories) should entail a class perspective based on rent theory and engage with critical works on platform capitalism. In this article, we propose an innovative analytical approach to STR supply-side supported by rent theory, which focuses on the relationship of agents with land and technology ownership and specialised management services, as these are forms of rent appropriation. From this point of view, these supply-side agents are not hosts, but class factions with common and competing economic interests in rent appropriation. Therefore, they can employ a variety of strategies to influence the political regulation of STRs. Based on in-depth interviews with landlords, individual managers, and corporate agencies in Andalusia (Southern Spain), we show the conflicting internal structure behind the ideological notion of host and even professionalisation.
平台资本主义是一种日益增长的现实,其社会和经济影响日益扩大。短租平台的快速发展给政策监管带来了新的挑战。本文的主要目的是阐明围绕STR监管的当前冲突。该主题的文献主体主要集中在商业主机对共享经济的日益替代上。相反,我们解释了东道国的意识形态观念阻碍了对供给侧结构的理解。批判方法(作为对意识形态和意识形态类别的批判)应该包含基于租金理论的阶级视角,并参与对平台资本主义的批判工作。在本文中,我们提出了一种以租金理论为支撑的STR供给侧创新分析方法,该方法侧重于代理人与土地和技术所有权以及专业管理服务的关系,因为这些都是租金占用的形式。从这个角度来看,这些供给侧代理人不是房东,而是在租金占有中具有共同和竞争经济利益的阶级派别。因此,他们可以采用各种策略来影响STRs的政治监管。基于对安达卢西亚(西班牙南部)的房东、个人经理和公司代理的深入访谈,我们展示了房东甚至专业化意识形态概念背后的冲突内部结构。
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引用次数: 0
Sticky substance with sticky power: Oil in global production and financial networks 具有粘性的物质:全球生产和金融网络中的石油
Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/0308518x231198353
Michael Grote, Dariusz Wojcik, Matthew Zook
To analyse oil, the world’s most traded commodity, we combine Global Production Network (GPN) and Global Financial Network (GFN) approaches into the Global Production and Financial Network (GPFN). The combination offers a dynamic framework, as key actors and geographies in the GPFN change over time. It brings together the production and financial strands of research on oil and overcomes the physical reality v. financial fiction dichotomy in literature. Using a wide range of data on oil networks, prices, historical accounts, as well as industry, media and policy reports, we apply the GPFN to explain the evolution of oil networks, since their inception, as well as the mid- and short-term price anomalies since 2010. Our history of oil GPFN demonstrates the stability of its analytical categories and the stickiness of power wielded by some actors and geographies, while others come and go. Our account of price anomalies shows the inseparability of physical and financial factors in explaining them. As whole the GFPN is an opportunity to understand the evolving broad structures, distribution of power and price formation in markets, and as such represents a way forward for studying other products and sectors.
为了分析世界上交易量最大的大宗商品石油,我们将全球生产网络(GPN)和全球金融网络(GFN)的方法结合到全球生产和金融网络(GPFN)中。这种组合提供了一个动态框架,因为GPFN中的关键参与者和地理位置随时间而变化。它将石油的生产和金融研究结合在一起,克服了文学中物理现实与金融小说的二分法。利用石油网络、价格、历史记录以及行业、媒体和政策报告的广泛数据,我们应用GPFN来解释石油网络自成立以来的演变,以及2010年以来的中期和短期价格异常。我们的石油GPFN历史证明了其分析类别的稳定性以及一些参与者和地理区域所掌握的权力的粘性,而其他参与者和地理区域则来来去去。我们对价格异常的描述表明,在解释价格异常时,物理因素和金融因素是不可分割的。总体而言,GFPN是一个了解市场中不断发展的广泛结构、权力分布和价格形成的机会,因此代表了研究其他产品和部门的前进方向。
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引用次数: 0
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Environment and Planning A
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