Pub Date : 2017-06-12DOI: 10.1177/0308518X17713993
Jun Zhang
The economic value of art to cities and regions has recently been vigorously pursued and actively studied. The rapid ascendance of China as a superpower in the global art market and associated transformation of China’s art space, however, are yet poorly understood. This paper develops a Polanyian framework to interpret the spatial and institutional evolution of China’s art market, seeing the (de)commodification of art as a cumulative process embedded in geo-historical interplays of triple logics—cultural, capital, and political, unfolding within, and reshaping in turn, historically inherited spatial structures.
{"title":"Commodifying art, Chinese style: The making of China’s visual art market","authors":"Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1177/0308518X17713993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X17713993","url":null,"abstract":"The economic value of art to cities and regions has recently been vigorously pursued and actively studied. The rapid ascendance of China as a superpower in the global art market and associated transformation of China’s art space, however, are yet poorly understood. This paper develops a Polanyian framework to interpret the spatial and institutional evolution of China’s art market, seeing the (de)commodification of art as a cumulative process embedded in geo-historical interplays of triple logics—cultural, capital, and political, unfolding within, and reshaping in turn, historically inherited spatial structures.","PeriodicalId":11906,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A","volume":"85 1","pages":"2025 - 2045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74232966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-07DOI: 10.1177/0308518X17713995
Kevin Loughran
Recent scholarship in critical urban theory, urban political ecology, and related fields has emphasized the “hybridity” of urban–environmental systems. This argument is contrasted with the socially constructed “binary” relationship between “city” and “nature” that dominated historical understandings of urban–environmental connections. Despite wide agreement on these issues, the trajectories that precipitated this shift in city–nature boundaries have been understudied. Many explanations position accelerating urbanization or changes in global political economy as driving the decline of the city–nature binary. This paper proposes that this transformation is also a product of the changing cultural and spatial dynamics of “race” between the 19th-century and the present. Drawing on research on urban parks in Chicago, I consider the production of park space at four important historical moments: (1) the mid-to-late 19th-century, when large picturesque parks were built; (2) the early 20th-century, when reform-oriented “small parks” were constructed; (3) the post-World War II period, which was marked by the development of recreation facilities; and (4) the contemporary period, where linear parks like Chicago’s 606 (which I term “imbricated spaces”) bring together built and natural environments in new ways. Through this analysis, I argue that the social construction of “city” and “nature,” as spatialized through urban park development, was co-produced with racialized spaces and symbols and contributed to the creation of metropolitan racial boundaries. Further, I argue that historical shifts in these racialized spaces and symbols have been implicated in the weakening of the city–nature binary and the rise of the hybrid city–nature relationship.
{"title":"Race and the construction of city and nature","authors":"Kevin Loughran","doi":"10.1177/0308518X17713995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X17713995","url":null,"abstract":"Recent scholarship in critical urban theory, urban political ecology, and related fields has emphasized the “hybridity” of urban–environmental systems. This argument is contrasted with the socially constructed “binary” relationship between “city” and “nature” that dominated historical understandings of urban–environmental connections. Despite wide agreement on these issues, the trajectories that precipitated this shift in city–nature boundaries have been understudied. Many explanations position accelerating urbanization or changes in global political economy as driving the decline of the city–nature binary. This paper proposes that this transformation is also a product of the changing cultural and spatial dynamics of “race” between the 19th-century and the present. Drawing on research on urban parks in Chicago, I consider the production of park space at four important historical moments: (1) the mid-to-late 19th-century, when large picturesque parks were built; (2) the early 20th-century, when reform-oriented “small parks” were constructed; (3) the post-World War II period, which was marked by the development of recreation facilities; and (4) the contemporary period, where linear parks like Chicago’s 606 (which I term “imbricated spaces”) bring together built and natural environments in new ways. Through this analysis, I argue that the social construction of “city” and “nature,” as spatialized through urban park development, was co-produced with racialized spaces and symbols and contributed to the creation of metropolitan racial boundaries. Further, I argue that historical shifts in these racialized spaces and symbols have been implicated in the weakening of the city–nature binary and the rise of the hybrid city–nature relationship.","PeriodicalId":11906,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A","volume":"3 1","pages":"1948 - 1967"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86858923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-05DOI: 10.1177/0308518X17711447
John Lauermann, Anne Vogelpohl
Hosting sports “mega-events” like the Olympics is a common scenario among urban growth coalitions worldwide. They are promoted as temporary “catalysts” for local economic growth linked to exceptional decisions in land provision and public spending. But this model of growth politics is increasingly contested: recent Olympic bids have failed in a number of cities as urban social movements organize against them while growth coalitions are unable or unwilling to defend their projects. Two cities exemplify this changing political economic landscape: Boston (USA) and Hamburg (Germany). Both cities launched bids for the 2024 Summer Olympics, and both cities subsequently cancelled their bids. Drawing on a comparative study of bidding politics in Boston and Hamburg, the paper asks why growth policy failed, analyzing the conflict between opposition movements and long-established growth coalitions. These episodes are symptoms of a growth coalition fragility that weakens their effectiveness in urban politics. Urban growth coalitions must contend with changing growth priorities and leadership; by triggering fragility, protest movements are able to gain new influence on the urban policy agenda.
{"title":"Fragile growth coalitions or powerful contestations? Cancelled Olympic bids in Boston and Hamburg","authors":"John Lauermann, Anne Vogelpohl","doi":"10.1177/0308518X17711447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X17711447","url":null,"abstract":"Hosting sports “mega-events” like the Olympics is a common scenario among urban growth coalitions worldwide. They are promoted as temporary “catalysts” for local economic growth linked to exceptional decisions in land provision and public spending. But this model of growth politics is increasingly contested: recent Olympic bids have failed in a number of cities as urban social movements organize against them while growth coalitions are unable or unwilling to defend their projects. Two cities exemplify this changing political economic landscape: Boston (USA) and Hamburg (Germany). Both cities launched bids for the 2024 Summer Olympics, and both cities subsequently cancelled their bids. Drawing on a comparative study of bidding politics in Boston and Hamburg, the paper asks why growth policy failed, analyzing the conflict between opposition movements and long-established growth coalitions. These episodes are symptoms of a growth coalition fragility that weakens their effectiveness in urban politics. Urban growth coalitions must contend with changing growth priorities and leadership; by triggering fragility, protest movements are able to gain new influence on the urban policy agenda.","PeriodicalId":11906,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A","volume":"39 1","pages":"1887 - 1904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74221500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-29DOI: 10.1177/0308518X17711945
Hans Lysgård, Ståle Angen Rye
In this paper, we raise a question regarding how transnational students develop their spaces as mobile, temporary, and at times stable and territorially fixed. We argue that approaching transnational student migration and its relations to place as a Deleuzian assemblage is a fruitful way of highlighting this issue, and we propose the axes of the expressive/material and territorialisation/de-territorialisation as analytical tools for understanding aspects of the temporal and spatial dimensions of transnational student mobility. Our theoretical discussion is informed by the migration experiences of transnational students studying at a Norwegian university. Our core argument is that transnational student mobility should be approached as a complex process in which links to places in the student’s past, present and future dissolve the linear notion of causality and in which new notions of the relations between proximity and distance challenge ideas regarding the power relations embedded in a geometrical space.
{"title":"Between striated and smooth space: Exploring the topology of transnational student mobility","authors":"Hans Lysgård, Ståle Angen Rye","doi":"10.1177/0308518X17711945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X17711945","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we raise a question regarding how transnational students develop their spaces as mobile, temporary, and at times stable and territorially fixed. We argue that approaching transnational student migration and its relations to place as a Deleuzian assemblage is a fruitful way of highlighting this issue, and we propose the axes of the expressive/material and territorialisation/de-territorialisation as analytical tools for understanding aspects of the temporal and spatial dimensions of transnational student mobility. Our theoretical discussion is informed by the migration experiences of transnational students studying at a Norwegian university. Our core argument is that transnational student mobility should be approached as a complex process in which links to places in the student’s past, present and future dissolve the linear notion of causality and in which new notions of the relations between proximity and distance challenge ideas regarding the power relations embedded in a geometrical space.","PeriodicalId":11906,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A","volume":"51 1","pages":"2116 - 2134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90293289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-11DOI: 10.1177/0308518X17707525
J. Haverkamp
Climate adaptation planning is said to be a necessary and inevitable facet of future societies, and is rapidly occurring across a range of geopolitical scales. Previous scholarship suggests that a democratic decentralized approach, one that fosters inclusive participation and representation, is central to achieving equitable and sustainable outcomes of adaptation. However, recent studies frequently characterize the adaptation process as dominated by a techoscientific approach, among expert and elite actors, that tends to obscure or neglect the perceptions and desires of more marginalized members of society. This paper employs a values-based approach to better understand motivational factors for a closed and non-inclusive adaptation process. Through a case study of early, yet formidable stages of adaptation planning in the urban, coastal region of Hampton Roads, Virginia, empirical data among the epistemic community were gathered by interviews and participant observation at de facto adaptation planning forums. Research results document an exclusionary process favoring the participation and representation of technocratic elites and the exclusion of elected officials and local citizens. When linking these case study findings to value theory, inferences are made that adaptation planning in Hampton Roads is motivated by dominant institutional actor values of power and security, those that are theorized to be in opposition to values fostering social and environmental justice. In light of these research results, this paper calls for a critically reflexive adaptation practice, thereby challenging values, assumptions, and beliefs of the self, as well as social structures and power relations that shape adaptation planning.
{"title":"Politics, values, and reflexivity: The case of adaptation to climate change in Hampton Roads, Virginia","authors":"J. Haverkamp","doi":"10.1177/0308518X17707525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X17707525","url":null,"abstract":"Climate adaptation planning is said to be a necessary and inevitable facet of future societies, and is rapidly occurring across a range of geopolitical scales. Previous scholarship suggests that a democratic decentralized approach, one that fosters inclusive participation and representation, is central to achieving equitable and sustainable outcomes of adaptation. However, recent studies frequently characterize the adaptation process as dominated by a techoscientific approach, among expert and elite actors, that tends to obscure or neglect the perceptions and desires of more marginalized members of society. This paper employs a values-based approach to better understand motivational factors for a closed and non-inclusive adaptation process. Through a case study of early, yet formidable stages of adaptation planning in the urban, coastal region of Hampton Roads, Virginia, empirical data among the epistemic community were gathered by interviews and participant observation at de facto adaptation planning forums. Research results document an exclusionary process favoring the participation and representation of technocratic elites and the exclusion of elected officials and local citizens. When linking these case study findings to value theory, inferences are made that adaptation planning in Hampton Roads is motivated by dominant institutional actor values of power and security, those that are theorized to be in opposition to values fostering social and environmental justice. In light of these research results, this paper calls for a critically reflexive adaptation practice, thereby challenging values, assumptions, and beliefs of the self, as well as social structures and power relations that shape adaptation planning.","PeriodicalId":11906,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A","volume":"88 1","pages":"2673 - 2692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82812951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-09DOI: 10.1177/0308518X17708876
Eugene J. McCann
Urban studies, as an interdisciplinary field, is defined, to a great degree, by critical analyses at the nexus of economic development, urbanization, and urban life. For reasons that hardly need explanation or justification, environmental change and its governance are increasingly central to these analyses. Rosol et al. (2017: 1710) argue that the ‘‘new environmental governance regimes’’ that frame the politics of urban and environmental change are growth-oriented, neomanagerial, driven by narrow notions of ‘‘best practices,’’ socially and spatially selective, and postdemocratic. Echoing and extending While et al.’s (2004) argument, they suggest that appeals to greenness, sustainability, and resilience under hegemonic governance regimes tend to act in the service of economic development, whether by promising magical synergies between profit-making and environmentalism or by legitimizing and excusing business as usual. Yet, as While et al. (2004) and others have shown, studies of urban environmental governance are most effective when they explore the specific contexts and conditions, logics and antinomies of environmental governance in cities and urbanized regions. This involves attention to innovation (and claims about innovation) in urban development and urban governance. In turn, it involves a focus on politics and, in that regard, critical analyses of the contemporary condition must pay attention to how social movements identify opportunities to advocate for more just and truly sustainable futures. I will explore these themes by first discussing both urban governance and also innovation. I will then spend more time engaging with questions of policy mobilities, definitions of success and failure, and the character of (post-)politics. I will conclude by considering the question of contemporary interurban ‘‘referencescapes’’ and how these must be approached as intertwined spatialities and temporalities. After all, urban environmental governance and attempts to design a ‘‘green urbanism,’’ for want of a better term, are nothing if not about struggles over the past, the present, and the future of specific places and wider global contexts.
{"title":"Mobilities, politics, and the future: Critical geographies of green urbanism","authors":"Eugene J. McCann","doi":"10.1177/0308518X17708876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X17708876","url":null,"abstract":"Urban studies, as an interdisciplinary field, is defined, to a great degree, by critical analyses at the nexus of economic development, urbanization, and urban life. For reasons that hardly need explanation or justification, environmental change and its governance are increasingly central to these analyses. Rosol et al. (2017: 1710) argue that the ‘‘new environmental governance regimes’’ that frame the politics of urban and environmental change are growth-oriented, neomanagerial, driven by narrow notions of ‘‘best practices,’’ socially and spatially selective, and postdemocratic. Echoing and extending While et al.’s (2004) argument, they suggest that appeals to greenness, sustainability, and resilience under hegemonic governance regimes tend to act in the service of economic development, whether by promising magical synergies between profit-making and environmentalism or by legitimizing and excusing business as usual. Yet, as While et al. (2004) and others have shown, studies of urban environmental governance are most effective when they explore the specific contexts and conditions, logics and antinomies of environmental governance in cities and urbanized regions. This involves attention to innovation (and claims about innovation) in urban development and urban governance. In turn, it involves a focus on politics and, in that regard, critical analyses of the contemporary condition must pay attention to how social movements identify opportunities to advocate for more just and truly sustainable futures. I will explore these themes by first discussing both urban governance and also innovation. I will then spend more time engaging with questions of policy mobilities, definitions of success and failure, and the character of (post-)politics. I will conclude by considering the question of contemporary interurban ‘‘referencescapes’’ and how these must be approached as intertwined spatialities and temporalities. After all, urban environmental governance and attempts to design a ‘‘green urbanism,’’ for want of a better term, are nothing if not about struggles over the past, the present, and the future of specific places and wider global contexts.","PeriodicalId":11906,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A","volume":"11 1","pages":"1816 - 1823"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80892636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1177/0308518X16685885
Bo Zhao, D. Sui, Zhaohui Li
Compared with the growing worldwide social acceptance of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community (Brown and Knopp, 2008; Ferreira and Salvador, 2015; Gates and Ost, 2004), discussions of LGBT-related matters are still a taboo in China. To raise public awareness of this community, we aim to estimate the distribution of gay people in Beijing using location-based social media (LBSM) feeds. To do that, we collected the gay population data from a popular LBSM app – Jack’d. As an app dedicated to gay social networking, Jack’d primarily attracts the use of gay people. A user who launches the location-based function will leave a geolocation (in the format of a pair of coordinates) in the Jack’d database. On 28 September (Wednesday) 2016, we retrieved the geolocations of active users every 6 hours from the Jack’d database via an API (Burrell et al., 2012). As a result, we had 5209 users at 00:00, 1006 users at 06:00, 4972 users at 12:00, 5543 users at 18:00, and 5214 users at 00:00 of the next day. For each sample, we created a fishnet-grid map layer through aggregating the geolocations into equal area hexagons (each edge of the hexagon is 300 meters in length) by QGIS. By ordering these five map layers into a time sequence, we transformed the layers into several space–time volume elements (voxels) by Voxler. The voxels were rendered in a rainbow-like color ramp using a ray-casting algorithm (Roth, 1982). This algorithm simulates the mechanism of a ray travelling from the eye of an observer to the observing object. Here, an observing object is modeled by a system of numerous tiny points. The ray, cast from the eye of the observer, travels through the points. Only the points along the rays are visualized. This algorithm can represent a much clearer texture of a voxel (Hoang et al., 2016). Moreover, in order to illustrate the core portion of the gay community, we visualized a set of net surfaces made by points of an equal value (seven users per sampling unit in space–time). And, a base layer of Beijing city (created in QGIS) was overlaid on the bottom of the voxels; the axes and labels were post-processed in Adobe illustrator.
与世界范围内对女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别(LGBT)群体日益增长的社会接受度相比(Brown and Knopp, 2008;费雷拉和萨尔瓦多，2015;Gates and Ost, 2004)，关于lgbt相关话题的讨论在中国仍然是一个禁忌。为了提高公众对这个群体的认识，我们的目标是使用基于位置的社交媒体(LBSM)来估计北京同性恋人群的分布。为了做到这一点，我们从一个流行的LBSM应用程序——杰克收集了同性恋人口的数据。作为一款致力于同性恋社交网络的应用，Jack 'd主要吸引同性恋者使用。启动基于位置的功能的用户将在Jack 'd数据库中留下一个地理位置(以一对坐标的格式)。2016年9月28日(周三)，我们通过API从Jack 'd数据库中每6小时检索一次活跃用户的地理位置(Burrell等人，2012)。结果，我们在00:00有5209个用户，在06:00有1006个用户，在12:00有4972个用户，在18:00有5543个用户，在第二天00:00有5214个用户。对于每个样本，我们通过QGIS将地理位置聚合成等面积的六边形(六边形的每条边长度为300米)，创建了一个渔网网格地图层。通过将这五个地图层按时间顺序排列，我们通过Voxler将这些层转换成几个时空体积元素(体素)。使用光线投射算法(Roth, 1982)将体素渲染成彩虹状的颜色渐变。该算法模拟了光线从观察者的眼睛传播到观察对象的机制。在这里，一个观测对象是由许多微小点组成的系统来建模的。从观察者的眼睛射出的光线穿过这些点。只有沿着射线的点是可视化的。该算法可以表示更清晰的体素纹理(Hoang et al.， 2016)。此外，为了说明同性恋社区的核心部分，我们可视化了一组由等值点组成的网面(时空中每个采样单位有7个用户)。在体素的底部叠加一个北京城市(在QGIS中创建)的基础层;轴和标签在Adobe illustrator中进行后处理。
{"title":"Visualizing the gay community in Beijing with location-based social media","authors":"Bo Zhao, D. Sui, Zhaohui Li","doi":"10.1177/0308518X16685885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X16685885","url":null,"abstract":"Compared with the growing worldwide social acceptance of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community (Brown and Knopp, 2008; Ferreira and Salvador, 2015; Gates and Ost, 2004), discussions of LGBT-related matters are still a taboo in China. To raise public awareness of this community, we aim to estimate the distribution of gay people in Beijing using location-based social media (LBSM) feeds. To do that, we collected the gay population data from a popular LBSM app – Jack’d. As an app dedicated to gay social networking, Jack’d primarily attracts the use of gay people. A user who launches the location-based function will leave a geolocation (in the format of a pair of coordinates) in the Jack’d database. On 28 September (Wednesday) 2016, we retrieved the geolocations of active users every 6 hours from the Jack’d database via an API (Burrell et al., 2012). As a result, we had 5209 users at 00:00, 1006 users at 06:00, 4972 users at 12:00, 5543 users at 18:00, and 5214 users at 00:00 of the next day. For each sample, we created a fishnet-grid map layer through aggregating the geolocations into equal area hexagons (each edge of the hexagon is 300 meters in length) by QGIS. By ordering these five map layers into a time sequence, we transformed the layers into several space–time volume elements (voxels) by Voxler. The voxels were rendered in a rainbow-like color ramp using a ray-casting algorithm (Roth, 1982). This algorithm simulates the mechanism of a ray travelling from the eye of an observer to the observing object. Here, an observing object is modeled by a system of numerous tiny points. The ray, cast from the eye of the observer, travels through the points. Only the points along the rays are visualized. This algorithm can represent a much clearer texture of a voxel (Hoang et al., 2016). Moreover, in order to illustrate the core portion of the gay community, we visualized a set of net surfaces made by points of an equal value (seven users per sampling unit in space–time). And, a base layer of Beijing city (created in QGIS) was overlaid on the bottom of the voxels; the axes and labels were post-processed in Adobe illustrator.","PeriodicalId":11906,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A","volume":"33 1","pages":"977 - 979"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87247576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1177/0308518X16688218
Magdalena Górczyńska
This article explores changes in residential patterns of middle- and upper-class professionals in Warsaw (considered as potential gentrifiers) during the post-socialist transition and discusses the delimitation of areas where gentrification-type social evolution has taken place. It addresses three research questions: Could the social upgrading seen in Warsaw be labelled as gentrification? What are the mechanisms of change? How have the different socio-professional subgroups that are commonly described as gentrifiers shaped this process? The analysis revealed that only a few areas could be labelled as potentially gentrified. Most social upgrading was due to intergenerational social mobility in situ. The residential choices of potential gentrifiers tended to reflect their attachment to traditionally attractive neighbourhoods and a search for better living conditions, rather than confirmed new consumption patterns and lifestyle. At the urban scale, although potential gentrifiers were attracted by new housing, this was less obvious when analysed at the level of districts. Drawing on gentrification concepts, and the theory of forms of capital (with particular attention given to the specific characteristics of Central Eastern Europe), the multifaceted role of four groups of potential gentrifiers was explored. A group characterised by a high level of economic capital underwent structural changes and significantly expanded into peripheral areas. Specialists working in the arts and culture (typically the pioneers of gentrification) reinforced their presence in several semi-central areas that were originally inhabited by blue-collar workers. Finally, a dynamically developing group of creative professionals appeared as the post-socialist forerunners of social upgrading.
{"title":"Gentrifiers in the post-socialist city? A critical reflection on the dynamics of middle- and upper-class professional groups in Warsaw","authors":"Magdalena Górczyńska","doi":"10.1177/0308518X16688218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X16688218","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores changes in residential patterns of middle- and upper-class professionals in Warsaw (considered as potential gentrifiers) during the post-socialist transition and discusses the delimitation of areas where gentrification-type social evolution has taken place. It addresses three research questions: Could the social upgrading seen in Warsaw be labelled as gentrification? What are the mechanisms of change? How have the different socio-professional subgroups that are commonly described as gentrifiers shaped this process? The analysis revealed that only a few areas could be labelled as potentially gentrified. Most social upgrading was due to intergenerational social mobility in situ. The residential choices of potential gentrifiers tended to reflect their attachment to traditionally attractive neighbourhoods and a search for better living conditions, rather than confirmed new consumption patterns and lifestyle. At the urban scale, although potential gentrifiers were attracted by new housing, this was less obvious when analysed at the level of districts. Drawing on gentrification concepts, and the theory of forms of capital (with particular attention given to the specific characteristics of Central Eastern Europe), the multifaceted role of four groups of potential gentrifiers was explored. A group characterised by a high level of economic capital underwent structural changes and significantly expanded into peripheral areas. Specialists working in the arts and culture (typically the pioneers of gentrification) reinforced their presence in several semi-central areas that were originally inhabited by blue-collar workers. Finally, a dynamically developing group of creative professionals appeared as the post-socialist forerunners of social upgrading.","PeriodicalId":11906,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A","volume":"288 1","pages":"1099 - 1121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78491682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.1177/0308518X17705133
Sarah L. Crowley, S. Hinchliffe, R. Mcdonald
Wildlife reintroductions can unsettle social and ecological norms, and are often controversial. In this paper, we examine the recent (re)introduction of Eurasian beavers to England, to analyse responses to an unauthorised release of a formerly resident species. Although the statutory response to the introduction was to attempt to reassert ecological and political order by recapturing the beavers, this action was strongly opposed by a diverse collective, united and made powerful by a common goal: to protect England’s ‘new’ nonhuman residents. We show how this clash of state resolve and public dissent produced an uneasy compromise in the form of a formal, licensed ‘beaver reintroduction trial’, in which the new beaver residents have been allowed to remain, but under surveillance. We propose that although the trial is unorthodox and risky, there is an opportunity for it to be treated as a ‘wild experiment’ through which a more open-ended, experimental approach to co-inhabiting with wildlife might be attempted.
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Pub Date : 2017-04-19DOI: 10.1177/0308518X17705657
Peter R. Wilshusen, K. Macdonald
This article critically examines the production of economistic fields of environmental governance in the context of global summits like Rio + 20. It focuses on the constitutive work performed by diverse actors in extending corporate sustainability logics, social technologies, and organizational forms initially enacted at the 2012 Corporate Sustainability Forum (CSF). Fields are defined as dynamic, relational arenas featuring particular logics, dynamic actor positions, and organizational forms. Corporate sustainability exemplifies how the language and practices of economics have reshaped approaches to environmental protection and sustainable development. Although numerous studies have looked at the implementation of market-oriented approaches, less attention has been focused on the constitutive processes that animate and expand economistic fields of governance over time. Our analysis emphasizes diffuse processes of economization as central to the reproduction and extension of fields. The article addresses three key issues: (1) how global corporate sustainability networks help to constitute economistic fields of governance, (2) the extent to which major events contribute to field configuration, and (3) the processes through which field elements—logics, social technologies, and organizational forms—transpose onto related fields of governance. Field configuration produces economistic environmental governance by solidifying business logics, enabling new actor-networks, launching new global-scale initiatives, and enhancing the role of UN agencies in promoting corporate sustainability. We illustrate field configuration with two examples: the Natural Capital Declaration and the Green Industry Platform. Our analysis highlights the diffuse power of field dynamics in which discursive and social entanglement and transposition reproduce and extend corporate sustainability beyond current institutional boundaries.
{"title":"Fields of green: Corporate sustainability and the production of economistic environmental governance","authors":"Peter R. Wilshusen, K. Macdonald","doi":"10.1177/0308518X17705657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X17705657","url":null,"abstract":"This article critically examines the production of economistic fields of environmental governance in the context of global summits like Rio + 20. It focuses on the constitutive work performed by diverse actors in extending corporate sustainability logics, social technologies, and organizational forms initially enacted at the 2012 Corporate Sustainability Forum (CSF). Fields are defined as dynamic, relational arenas featuring particular logics, dynamic actor positions, and organizational forms. Corporate sustainability exemplifies how the language and practices of economics have reshaped approaches to environmental protection and sustainable development. Although numerous studies have looked at the implementation of market-oriented approaches, less attention has been focused on the constitutive processes that animate and expand economistic fields of governance over time. Our analysis emphasizes diffuse processes of economization as central to the reproduction and extension of fields. The article addresses three key issues: (1) how global corporate sustainability networks help to constitute economistic fields of governance, (2) the extent to which major events contribute to field configuration, and (3) the processes through which field elements—logics, social technologies, and organizational forms—transpose onto related fields of governance. Field configuration produces economistic environmental governance by solidifying business logics, enabling new actor-networks, launching new global-scale initiatives, and enhancing the role of UN agencies in promoting corporate sustainability. We illustrate field configuration with two examples: the Natural Capital Declaration and the Green Industry Platform. Our analysis highlights the diffuse power of field dynamics in which discursive and social entanglement and transposition reproduce and extend corporate sustainability beyond current institutional boundaries.","PeriodicalId":11906,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Planning A","volume":"76 1","pages":"1824 - 1845"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83370066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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