Shina Ansari Hamedani, R. Arjmandi, Saeed Motessadi Zarandi, M. Baghestani, R. Azizinezhad
Evaluation of first second rice based pesticide fields Mazandaran Province. laboratory. Sampling was done from late June to mid-August for the first cultivation, and from the first week of September to late October for the second cultivation of rice. Sampling was done in three seasons: spring, summer (before transplanting or during harvest), and autumn (for the second rice cultivation). Results and discussion: The results of measuring the target pesticide showed a significant difference in the amount of diazinon in the water of the first cultivation compared to the second cultivation and the soil of the first cultivation compared to the second cultivation. Also, the average of diazinon in the water samples of the second cultivation was 7.8 times higher compared to the first cultivation and 1.66 times higher in the soil samples of the second cultivation compared to the first cultivation, which indicates high and alarming amounts of diazinon in the second rice cultivation. The stability and solubility of diazinon, as well as the environmental conditions of Mazandaran Province, especially the high groundwater level, extend the life of this pesticide and consequently cause serious environmental hazards. Conclusion: Sustainable use of cultivated lands with a focus on improving production efficiency and increasing crop efficiency, creating a strategic center and a single regulator in the country to manage pesticide consumption, developing general and specialized training for groups of stakeholders in the production, supply and consumption of pesticides, registration and application of pesticides based on environmental impact factor, gradual removal and replacement of high-risk pesticide diazinon, and the use of new methods and technologies to deal with important pests of rice are among the most important things that should be considered as strategies and executive policies resulting from research.
{"title":"Evaluation of first and second rice cultivation based on diazinon pesticide concentration in water and soil of paddy fields of Mazandaran province","authors":"Shina Ansari Hamedani, R. Arjmandi, Saeed Motessadi Zarandi, M. Baghestani, R. Azizinezhad","doi":"10.52547/envs.2022.1172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2022.1172","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of first second rice based pesticide fields Mazandaran Province. laboratory. Sampling was done from late June to mid-August for the first cultivation, and from the first week of September to late October for the second cultivation of rice. Sampling was done in three seasons: spring, summer (before transplanting or during harvest), and autumn (for the second rice cultivation). Results and discussion: The results of measuring the target pesticide showed a significant difference in the amount of diazinon in the water of the first cultivation compared to the second cultivation and the soil of the first cultivation compared to the second cultivation. Also, the average of diazinon in the water samples of the second cultivation was 7.8 times higher compared to the first cultivation and 1.66 times higher in the soil samples of the second cultivation compared to the first cultivation, which indicates high and alarming amounts of diazinon in the second rice cultivation. The stability and solubility of diazinon, as well as the environmental conditions of Mazandaran Province, especially the high groundwater level, extend the life of this pesticide and consequently cause serious environmental hazards. Conclusion: Sustainable use of cultivated lands with a focus on improving production efficiency and increasing crop efficiency, creating a strategic center and a single regulator in the country to manage pesticide consumption, developing general and specialized training for groups of stakeholders in the production, supply and consumption of pesticides, registration and application of pesticides based on environmental impact factor, gradual removal and replacement of high-risk pesticide diazinon, and the use of new methods and technologies to deal with important pests of rice are among the most important things that should be considered as strategies and executive policies resulting from research.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79243130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Parvizi zadeh, M. H. Gharineh, A. Bakhshandeh, Amin Lotfi Jalal-Abadi, Babak Pakdaman Sardrood
Changes in growth and quantitative characteristics and some secondary metabolites of the German Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita L.) cultivar Presov in response to Serendipita indica experimental field of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during 2006-2007. The experimental factors included the fungus with two levels (either inoculation/ no inoculation) and zeolit with four levels of the application rates (tonnes per hectare): Z1 (0), Z2 (5), Z3 (10) and Z4 (15). After crop harvest performed omitting the marginal effect in a border-band of 50 cm width per plot surroundings, the traits of the number of secondary branches, the number of flowers per plant, biological yield, essence percentage, essence yield, the rate of phenolics, and flavonoids as well as the rate of antioxidant activity were determined. Results and discussion: The inoculation with the fungus and the lower levels of zeolit led to increased number of secondary branches and of flowers per plant. The highest rate of biological yield was obtained with 10 tonnes of zeolit per hectare, which was not statistically significant difference from other levels of zeolite application but still significantly different from that in control. Higher percentage of extract could be produced with lower rates of zeolit. The highest rate of extract yield was yielded as a result of inoculation with S. indica. Furthermore, the application of zeolite led to increased extract yield, so that the lowest rate of extract yield resulted from the no zeolit treatment. The rate of flavonoids, as well as phenolics were higher when the fungus was inoculated than in the absence of inoculation. Conclusion: Considering the results of this research, the beneficial impacts of zeolite, as well as the mycorrhiza-like fungus application are notable as an organic nutritional system in the provision of most nutrients required by the medicinal plant chamomile, and in turn the increase of its extract yield. Moreover, the advantages of the substituent nutritional system can environmentally be considerable compared to traditional agricultural systems.
{"title":"Changes in growthand quantitative characteristics and some secondary metabolites of the German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) cultivar Presov in response to Serendipita indica and zeolit","authors":"Zahra Parvizi zadeh, M. H. Gharineh, A. Bakhshandeh, Amin Lotfi Jalal-Abadi, Babak Pakdaman Sardrood","doi":"10.52547/envs.2022.1066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2022.1066","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in growth and quantitative characteristics and some secondary metabolites of the German Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita L.) cultivar Presov in response to Serendipita indica experimental field of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan during 2006-2007. The experimental factors included the fungus with two levels (either inoculation/ no inoculation) and zeolit with four levels of the application rates (tonnes per hectare): Z1 (0), Z2 (5), Z3 (10) and Z4 (15). After crop harvest performed omitting the marginal effect in a border-band of 50 cm width per plot surroundings, the traits of the number of secondary branches, the number of flowers per plant, biological yield, essence percentage, essence yield, the rate of phenolics, and flavonoids as well as the rate of antioxidant activity were determined. Results and discussion: The inoculation with the fungus and the lower levels of zeolit led to increased number of secondary branches and of flowers per plant. The highest rate of biological yield was obtained with 10 tonnes of zeolit per hectare, which was not statistically significant difference from other levels of zeolite application but still significantly different from that in control. Higher percentage of extract could be produced with lower rates of zeolit. The highest rate of extract yield was yielded as a result of inoculation with S. indica. Furthermore, the application of zeolite led to increased extract yield, so that the lowest rate of extract yield resulted from the no zeolit treatment. The rate of flavonoids, as well as phenolics were higher when the fungus was inoculated than in the absence of inoculation. Conclusion: Considering the results of this research, the beneficial impacts of zeolite, as well as the mycorrhiza-like fungus application are notable as an organic nutritional system in the provision of most nutrients required by the medicinal plant chamomile, and in turn the increase of its extract yield. Moreover, the advantages of the substituent nutritional system can environmentally be considerable compared to traditional agricultural systems.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75025656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
same is true for 2020. It is also clear that air pollution levels in Karaj and Kermanshah increased significantly in 2020 compared to 2019. Another significant finding is that, in general, air pollution levels in 2020 are lower than in 2019. One significant explanation may be the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, which resulted in a decrease in industrial activity and reduced traffic and congestion on the roads. Conclusion: In general, the results of this research showed that it is possible to systematically monitor the air pollutants using images captured by TROPOMI sensor on the Sentinel-5 satellite with acceptable accuracy. The results of this study can help researchers and urban managers for appropriate management in metropolitan areas.
{"title":"Air pollution monitoring using Sentinel-5 (Case study: big industrial cities of Iran)","authors":"M. A. Ghannadi, M. Shahri, A. Moradi","doi":"10.52547/envs.2022.1026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2022.1026","url":null,"abstract":"same is true for 2020. It is also clear that air pollution levels in Karaj and Kermanshah increased significantly in 2020 compared to 2019. Another significant finding is that, in general, air pollution levels in 2020 are lower than in 2019. One significant explanation may be the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, which resulted in a decrease in industrial activity and reduced traffic and congestion on the roads. Conclusion: In general, the results of this research showed that it is possible to systematically monitor the air pollutants using images captured by TROPOMI sensor on the Sentinel-5 satellite with acceptable accuracy. The results of this study can help researchers and urban managers for appropriate management in metropolitan areas.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87019392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Asgari, Mohsen Javanmiri pour, V. Etemad, A. Liaghat, Azam Eskandari Rad
2022. Morphological characteristics of Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill, Morus alba and Acer negundo saplings under water stress in greenhouse and field in Robat Karim. Environmental Sciences. 20(2): 117-134. leaf numbers, leaf size, seedlings height, collar diameter, dry leaf weight, and stem dry weight as well as two qualitative characteristics of seedlings, which are leaf freshness and seedling health, were measured. Results and discussion: The results showed that the number of MAD period times in the greenhouse for Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill species was 29, Acer negundo 28 and Morus alba 32 and in the field for Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill . species was 20, Acer negundo 20, and Morus alba 17 period times. Generally, in all three studied species, in May, as the first month of the research, the seedlings were in very good condition. In other months, after being under different water stress (two, four and six days), the number of leaves and leaf size always decreased over time. In the case of ash leaved maple, the number of leaves in the greenhouse area in August was zero (absolute defoliation). Conclusion: Generally, by increasing water stress, leaf number, leaf size, dry leaf weight, dry stem weight, leaf freshness, and health of the saplings were reduced. It seems that six days after reaching MAD point is the suitable time to irrigate the saplings according to their morphological characteristics. Considering the appearance of seedlings during irrigation, it helps to use water efficiently, prevent over-irrigation and under-irrigation of seedlings and save the relevant costs.
{"title":"Morphological characteristics of Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill, Morus alba and Acer negundo saplings under water stress in greenhouse and field in Robat Karim","authors":"M. Asgari, Mohsen Javanmiri pour, V. Etemad, A. Liaghat, Azam Eskandari Rad","doi":"10.52547/envs.2022.1053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2022.1053","url":null,"abstract":"2022. Morphological characteristics of Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill, Morus alba and Acer negundo saplings under water stress in greenhouse and field in Robat Karim. Environmental Sciences. 20(2): 117-134. leaf numbers, leaf size, seedlings height, collar diameter, dry leaf weight, and stem dry weight as well as two qualitative characteristics of seedlings, which are leaf freshness and seedling health, were measured. Results and discussion: The results showed that the number of MAD period times in the greenhouse for Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill species was 29, Acer negundo 28 and Morus alba 32 and in the field for Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill . species was 20, Acer negundo 20, and Morus alba 17 period times. Generally, in all three studied species, in May, as the first month of the research, the seedlings were in very good condition. In other months, after being under different water stress (two, four and six days), the number of leaves and leaf size always decreased over time. In the case of ash leaved maple, the number of leaves in the greenhouse area in August was zero (absolute defoliation). Conclusion: Generally, by increasing water stress, leaf number, leaf size, dry leaf weight, dry stem weight, leaf freshness, and health of the saplings were reduced. It seems that six days after reaching MAD point is the suitable time to irrigate the saplings according to their morphological characteristics. Considering the appearance of seedlings during irrigation, it helps to use water efficiently, prevent over-irrigation and under-irrigation of seedlings and save the relevant costs.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81580557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahdi Boroughani, Elham Fahiminejad, Iman Pazhouhan
M., E. and I., 2022. Predicting drought impact on the Caspian Sea coast affected by climate change. Environmental Sciences. 20(2): 99-116. Results and discussion: The results obtained from the output of this index in the monitoring period and future periods with different time scales show that the intensity of drought in the coming decades will increase compared to the monitoring period. This increase is more severe for the east of the Caspian Sea, so that the intensity of the drought in the 2080s will be three times more than the observation period. The results indicated that the climate change results in an increase in the frequency and severity of drought in the studied region. Findings of the present research indicate that in spite of the existence of variability in the SPI lower than 9 months, it has increased 25 and 23.5% in longer periods of 1 to 2 year periods in comparison with the historical period. The incompatibility of drought simulated in the future with observation period in Gorgan station with four remaining stations of the southern regions of the Caspian Sea should be noted. This situation may be due to differences in the resources of precipitation in the eastern and western coasts of the Caspian Sea and different response of two regions against the global warming. Previous studies indicated that the Caspian Sea west coasts are more affected by the northerly flows of Siberian high pressure system than its east coasts, and in case of the establishment of the high pressure over Caspian Sea, precipitations in the west of the Caspian Sea will be higher than its eastern region. The phenomenon of global warming has resulted in weakening of the Siberian high pressure system in general. Therefore, degree of the reduction in precipitations in central and western regions of the Caspian Sea will be relatively higher than in its eastern regions such as Gorgan station. Conclusion: Occurrence of successive droughts and increasing drought intensity in the coming decades of the southern Caspian coastal areas will reduce water resources and the region-based economy will face a more severe crisis, in which case water resources management and development of strategic irrigation document and cultivation pattern a region compatible with socio-economic and climatic trends seems absolutely necessary.
M.， E. and I.， 2022。预测受气候变化影响的里海沿岸干旱影响。环境科学，20(2):99-116。结果与讨论:该指数在监测期和未来不同时间尺度的输出结果表明，与监测期相比，未来几十年的干旱强度将增加。这种增加在里海东部更为严重，因此本世纪80年代的干旱强度将是观察期的三倍。结果表明，气候变化导致研究区干旱发生频率和严重程度增加。本研究结果表明，尽管低于9个月的SPI存在变异性，但与历史时期相比，在较长的1至2年期间，它增加了25%和23.5%。未来模拟的干旱与Gorgan站与里海南部其余4个站观测期的不相容性值得注意。这种情况可能是由于里海东西海岸降水资源的差异以及两个地区对全球变暖的不同响应所致。以往的研究表明，里海西海岸受西伯利亚高压系统偏北气流的影响要大于里海东海岸，当里海上空高压形成时，里海西部降水将高于东部。全球变暖现象导致了西伯利亚高压系统的总体减弱。因此，里海中部和西部地区的降水减少程度将相对高于东部地区，如戈尔根站。结论:未来几十年里海南部沿海地区连续干旱的发生和干旱强度的增加将使水资源减少，区域经济将面临更严重的危机，在这种情况下，水资源管理和战略灌溉文件和耕作模式的发展与社会经济和气候趋势相适应的区域是绝对必要的。
{"title":"Predicting drought impact on the Caspian Sea coast affected by climate change","authors":"Mahdi Boroughani, Elham Fahiminejad, Iman Pazhouhan","doi":"10.52547/envs.2022.1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2022.1038","url":null,"abstract":"M., E. and I., 2022. Predicting drought impact on the Caspian Sea coast affected by climate change. Environmental Sciences. 20(2): 99-116. Results and discussion: The results obtained from the output of this index in the monitoring period and future periods with different time scales show that the intensity of drought in the coming decades will increase compared to the monitoring period. This increase is more severe for the east of the Caspian Sea, so that the intensity of the drought in the 2080s will be three times more than the observation period. The results indicated that the climate change results in an increase in the frequency and severity of drought in the studied region. Findings of the present research indicate that in spite of the existence of variability in the SPI lower than 9 months, it has increased 25 and 23.5% in longer periods of 1 to 2 year periods in comparison with the historical period. The incompatibility of drought simulated in the future with observation period in Gorgan station with four remaining stations of the southern regions of the Caspian Sea should be noted. This situation may be due to differences in the resources of precipitation in the eastern and western coasts of the Caspian Sea and different response of two regions against the global warming. Previous studies indicated that the Caspian Sea west coasts are more affected by the northerly flows of Siberian high pressure system than its east coasts, and in case of the establishment of the high pressure over Caspian Sea, precipitations in the west of the Caspian Sea will be higher than its eastern region. The phenomenon of global warming has resulted in weakening of the Siberian high pressure system in general. Therefore, degree of the reduction in precipitations in central and western regions of the Caspian Sea will be relatively higher than in its eastern regions such as Gorgan station. Conclusion: Occurrence of successive droughts and increasing drought intensity in the coming decades of the southern Caspian coastal areas will reduce water resources and the region-based economy will face a more severe crisis, in which case water resources management and development of strategic irrigation document and cultivation pattern a region compatible with socio-economic and climatic trends seems absolutely necessary.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81130517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kazemi moayed, Mahdi jalili ghazizadeh khayat, M. Panahi, Z. Abedi, H. Ghafarzadeh
{"title":"Investigation of environmental impact of oil refinery industrial sludge disposal process by life cycle assessment approach using CML-Baseline impact assessment model","authors":"H. Kazemi moayed, Mahdi jalili ghazizadeh khayat, M. Panahi, Z. Abedi, H. Ghafarzadeh","doi":"10.52547/envs.2022.1158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2022.1158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78765638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roghayeh Karami, H. Rezaei, Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiy, K. Ghorbani
codes, 20 concepts, 10 subcategories and six main categories. The results of data analysis revealed that participatory model of Hamoun International Wetlands comprised six components: comprehensive management of Hamoun Wetland, legal requirements for water supply through diplomatic relations with Afghanistan, empowerment of local stakeholders through training-consultative meetings, promotion and improvement of culture in adopting climate-friendly agricultural methods, reducing dependence on wetland through industrial and commercial development and sustainable protection of wetland environment. Conclusion: The results of this study presented the different dimensions of participatory wetland management using content analysis, which in particular can help the managers of Hamoun International Wetland and the managers of other wetlands in Iran in general in designing and implementing management plans and their proper outsourcing to local stakeholders. Therefore, using content analysis, the opinions of stakeholders, especially local stakeholders, can be included in management decisions.
{"title":"Conceptual model of participatory management of Hamoun International Wetlands based on grounded Theory","authors":"Roghayeh Karami, H. Rezaei, Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiy, K. Ghorbani","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.1009","url":null,"abstract":"codes, 20 concepts, 10 subcategories and six main categories. The results of data analysis revealed that participatory model of Hamoun International Wetlands comprised six components: comprehensive management of Hamoun Wetland, legal requirements for water supply through diplomatic relations with Afghanistan, empowerment of local stakeholders through training-consultative meetings, promotion and improvement of culture in adopting climate-friendly agricultural methods, reducing dependence on wetland through industrial and commercial development and sustainable protection of wetland environment. Conclusion: The results of this study presented the different dimensions of participatory wetland management using content analysis, which in particular can help the managers of Hamoun International Wetland and the managers of other wetlands in Iran in general in designing and implementing management plans and their proper outsourcing to local stakeholders. Therefore, using content analysis, the opinions of stakeholders, especially local stakeholders, can be included in management decisions.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75316839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Determining the contribution of the diversity of understory plant species in broadleaf and coniferous trees reforestation (case study: Colet Forest of Mazandaran). Environmental Sciences. 20(1): 129-150. Woody species were counted in each sample plot. The grass and wood cover data were imported and analyzed in Excel and PAST software for analyzing of richness (number of species, Margalf richness and Menhenick richness), evenness (Shannon-Wiener), and diversity (Simpson and Shannon-Wiener). The normality and homogeneity of the data were evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Leven test, respectively. SHE analysis was used to determine the contribution of each component of richness and evenness. Results and discussion: The results of comparing the mean of different diversity indices related to herbaceous species showed that the four studied stands (natural, Acer velutinum Boiss, Alnus subcordata C. A. M. and Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis ) have significant differences in terms of richness (Margalef and Menhinick) (P <0.01). The results of the classification of plants in terms of biological form by the Raunkiaer method also showed that hemicryptophytes have the highest abundance in the study area. Also, the SHE analysis of richness and evenness components for woody regeneration species in the Colet area showed that the evenness of the trend was constant among the four stands and the richness index in the Cupressus sempervirens and natural stands was fluctuating and had an increasing trend. In the Alnus subcordata stand, the evenness and richness indices had the same contribution in determining the diversity of herbaceous species and woody regeneration in this region. In addition, the SHE curve showed that the richness curve (LnS) and the uniformity (Ln E) do not change with each other, and the change in the richness curve is greater than the evenness. This indicates a greater contribution of richness than evenness in the contribution of determining the diversity of data related to herbaceous species and woody regeneration. In fact, this showed that with the increase in the number of samples, only rare species were being added to the list of herbaceous and woody species. S), which means that severe changes and fluctuations in plant species and their composition was observed.
{"title":"Determining the contribution of the diversity of understory plant species in broadleaf and coniferous trees reforestation (case study: Colet forest of Mazandaran)","authors":"Khadijeh Asghari, H. Jalilvand, H. Asadi","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.1048","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the contribution of the diversity of understory plant species in broadleaf and coniferous trees reforestation (case study: Colet Forest of Mazandaran). Environmental Sciences. 20(1): 129-150. Woody species were counted in each sample plot. The grass and wood cover data were imported and analyzed in Excel and PAST software for analyzing of richness (number of species, Margalf richness and Menhenick richness), evenness (Shannon-Wiener), and diversity (Simpson and Shannon-Wiener). The normality and homogeneity of the data were evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Leven test, respectively. SHE analysis was used to determine the contribution of each component of richness and evenness. Results and discussion: The results of comparing the mean of different diversity indices related to herbaceous species showed that the four studied stands (natural, Acer velutinum Boiss, Alnus subcordata C. A. M. and Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis ) have significant differences in terms of richness (Margalef and Menhinick) (P <0.01). The results of the classification of plants in terms of biological form by the Raunkiaer method also showed that hemicryptophytes have the highest abundance in the study area. Also, the SHE analysis of richness and evenness components for woody regeneration species in the Colet area showed that the evenness of the trend was constant among the four stands and the richness index in the Cupressus sempervirens and natural stands was fluctuating and had an increasing trend. In the Alnus subcordata stand, the evenness and richness indices had the same contribution in determining the diversity of herbaceous species and woody regeneration in this region. In addition, the SHE curve showed that the richness curve (LnS) and the uniformity (Ln E) do not change with each other, and the change in the richness curve is greater than the evenness. This indicates a greater contribution of richness than evenness in the contribution of determining the diversity of data related to herbaceous species and woody regeneration. In fact, this showed that with the increase in the number of samples, only rare species were being added to the list of herbaceous and woody species. S), which means that severe changes and fluctuations in plant species and their composition was observed.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84624620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sarkheil, Zeinab Karimi Asl, mohammad talaeian araghi
Modeling and estimating noise pollution on metro platforms of Darvazeh Doulat and Tajrish Stations in Tehran metropolis. Environmental Sciences. Conclusion: The methods used in the present study have effectively estimated the amount of noise pollution in subway platforms. By identifying critical areas and providing measures to manage noise pollution, the damage on the health of citizens caused by noise pollution can be managed.
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