Investigating the effective factors on water area changes in Shadegan Wetland using remote sensing technique and factor analysis. Environmental ETM +, and OLI satellite data from 1998 to 2017 were used to monitor the water area of Shadegan Wetland. Various climatic, hydro-climatic, and water management factors were extracted for the study period in the whole watershed. The trend of changes and their relationship with changes in the wetland water area were investigated using the principal component analysis (PCA) method, and the factors that explained the highest variance of water changes were identified and analyzed. Results and discussion: The trend of changes in the water area of Shadegan Wetland was increasing . Data using KMO and Bartlett statistics showed that the studied elements were suitable for changes in water area based on factor analysis. The results of factor analysis showed that five factors played an important role in changing the water area of Shadegan Wetland. In total, five factors were able to explain 88.9% of the variance of the data; the first factor was the temperature, the area under cultivation, the number of earthen dams and drains entering the sugarcane, which explained approximately 36% of the variance. The second factor was the humidity of the basin which explained 15% of the variance. The third factor was the instant discharge’s drought that explained 14.9% of the total variance. The fourth factor was discharge and precipitation with 11.8%, and the fifth factor was wetland moisture, which explained 11.2% of the variance of water area changes. Conclusion: Wetlands that are situated at the foothills of watersheds are affected by the factors in the watershed. In total, five factors were able to explain 88.9% of the variance of the changes. In the first factor, apart from temperature, three factors that result from human activities were the most important: the area under cultivation due to the development of large irrigation projects, use of water sources of Jarahi River, which is the source of 90% of water input to the lagoon and numerous dams, dams upstream of the wetland that prevent the arrival of flood and seasonal runoff, and sugarcane drainage as inlet water to the wetland. In order to manage the wetland, reduction of human activities and utilization of water resources in order to provide the natural water of the wetland should be considered so that the wetland can continue as a living ecosystem.
{"title":"Investigating the effective factors on water area changes in Shadegan Wetland using remote sensing technique and factor analysis","authors":"F. Dargahian, Somayeh Heydarnejad, S. Nateghi","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.1017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.1017","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating the effective factors on water area changes in Shadegan Wetland using remote sensing technique and factor analysis. Environmental ETM +, and OLI satellite data from 1998 to 2017 were used to monitor the water area of Shadegan Wetland. Various climatic, hydro-climatic, and water management factors were extracted for the study period in the whole watershed. The trend of changes and their relationship with changes in the wetland water area were investigated using the principal component analysis (PCA) method, and the factors that explained the highest variance of water changes were identified and analyzed. Results and discussion: The trend of changes in the water area of Shadegan Wetland was increasing . Data using KMO and Bartlett statistics showed that the studied elements were suitable for changes in water area based on factor analysis. The results of factor analysis showed that five factors played an important role in changing the water area of Shadegan Wetland. In total, five factors were able to explain 88.9% of the variance of the data; the first factor was the temperature, the area under cultivation, the number of earthen dams and drains entering the sugarcane, which explained approximately 36% of the variance. The second factor was the humidity of the basin which explained 15% of the variance. The third factor was the instant discharge’s drought that explained 14.9% of the total variance. The fourth factor was discharge and precipitation with 11.8%, and the fifth factor was wetland moisture, which explained 11.2% of the variance of water area changes. Conclusion: Wetlands that are situated at the foothills of watersheds are affected by the factors in the watershed. In total, five factors were able to explain 88.9% of the variance of the changes. In the first factor, apart from temperature, three factors that result from human activities were the most important: the area under cultivation due to the development of large irrigation projects, use of water sources of Jarahi River, which is the source of 90% of water input to the lagoon and numerous dams, dams upstream of the wetland that prevent the arrival of flood and seasonal runoff, and sugarcane drainage as inlet water to the wetland. In order to manage the wetland, reduction of human activities and utilization of water resources in order to provide the natural water of the wetland should be considered so that the wetland can continue as a living ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86789767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safaa T Gohari, A. Mehrabian, R. Shokouhi Shoormasti
Ecology and pollen database of shrub and cultivated herbaceous plant species in Tehran: An ecological management and urban safety approach. Environmental Sciences. 20(1): 77-112. Results and discussion: The results of this study include the preparation of a native visual source about the pollen grains of 145 species of shrubs and cultivated herbaceous plant species in Tehran. These 145 plant species belong to 65 families, including 95 herbaceous species and 50 shrub species. Asteraceae (16 species) and Rosaceae (14 species) had the most species. Among the 131 studied genera, 43 genera were reported to be allergic. Asteraceae with 5 genera and Cupressaceae and Oleaceae with 3 genera had the highest frequency of allergenic species among the studied families. The results of this study showed that allergenic shrubs are more abundant than allergenic herbaceous plants. However, trees and shrubs have more allergenic effects due to more pollen production and wind pollination. The pollen grains of these species are usually small and can be scattered over long distances and have a longer durability in the air. The results of this study show that allergic pollens also have a high morphological diversity, however, the significant effect of pollen grain micro-morphological characteristics on allergies requires more extensive studies. Conclusion: The achievements of this study will serve as a pilot for the study of palynological study, especially in asthma and allergy in the country. The results of this study show that in Tehran, several plant species have been planted without considering allergenic considerations, which should be considered as an important warning for ecological managers of the city.
{"title":"Ecology and pollen database of shrub and cultivated herbaceous plant species in Tehran: An ecological management and urban safety approach","authors":"Safaa T Gohari, A. Mehrabian, R. Shokouhi Shoormasti","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.1012","url":null,"abstract":"Ecology and pollen database of shrub and cultivated herbaceous plant species in Tehran: An ecological management and urban safety approach. Environmental Sciences. 20(1): 77-112. Results and discussion: The results of this study include the preparation of a native visual source about the pollen grains of 145 species of shrubs and cultivated herbaceous plant species in Tehran. These 145 plant species belong to 65 families, including 95 herbaceous species and 50 shrub species. Asteraceae (16 species) and Rosaceae (14 species) had the most species. Among the 131 studied genera, 43 genera were reported to be allergic. Asteraceae with 5 genera and Cupressaceae and Oleaceae with 3 genera had the highest frequency of allergenic species among the studied families. The results of this study showed that allergenic shrubs are more abundant than allergenic herbaceous plants. However, trees and shrubs have more allergenic effects due to more pollen production and wind pollination. The pollen grains of these species are usually small and can be scattered over long distances and have a longer durability in the air. The results of this study show that allergic pollens also have a high morphological diversity, however, the significant effect of pollen grain micro-morphological characteristics on allergies requires more extensive studies. Conclusion: The achievements of this study will serve as a pilot for the study of palynological study, especially in asthma and allergy in the country. The results of this study show that in Tehran, several plant species have been planted without considering allergenic considerations, which should be considered as an important warning for ecological managers of the city.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85152728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
hamid Sodaeizade, F. Hokmollahi, A. Nateghi, M. Mohammadi
cyanobacteria for of tailing dam cyanobacteria grew easily and produced a significant surface crust. The results of the physical analysis of the soil samples showed that O. tenui s decreased Na as a salinity element, and P. tenu e absorbed high amounts of Pb as a heavy metal pollution element. Mouteh Goldmine soil cyanobacteria, Osillatoria tenuis and Phormidium tenue, could play a role in mine recovery from salinity and heavy metals and in mine tailing dam soil bioremediation. They can also prevent soil erosion and dust release from waste dams. Conclusion: Dust release from waste dams can affect the health of living organisms like mining workers, plants, and even soil microalgae that are close to the mine. Cyanobacteria create biological soil crust and the results of this research showed that cyanobacteria, especially Phormidium tenue species produced a bio-crust that prevent soil erosion.
{"title":"Using Mouteh Goldmine soil’s cyanobacteria for bioremediation of tailing dam soil","authors":"hamid Sodaeizade, F. Hokmollahi, A. Nateghi, M. Mohammadi","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.1018","url":null,"abstract":"cyanobacteria for of tailing dam cyanobacteria grew easily and produced a significant surface crust. The results of the physical analysis of the soil samples showed that O. tenui s decreased Na as a salinity element, and P. tenu e absorbed high amounts of Pb as a heavy metal pollution element. Mouteh Goldmine soil cyanobacteria, Osillatoria tenuis and Phormidium tenue, could play a role in mine recovery from salinity and heavy metals and in mine tailing dam soil bioremediation. They can also prevent soil erosion and dust release from waste dams. Conclusion: Dust release from waste dams can affect the health of living organisms like mining workers, plants, and even soil microalgae that are close to the mine. Cyanobacteria create biological soil crust and the results of this research showed that cyanobacteria, especially Phormidium tenue species produced a bio-crust that prevent soil erosion.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91264248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.52547/envs.2021.36979
soraya khodadadi, M. Pahlavani, Ramezan Hossein zadeh
The effect of changes in industrial structure on carbon dioxide emissions in Iranian provinces: A spatial econometric approach. Environmental Sciences. 20(1): 221-236. thirty the stationarity of spatial with spatial random effects. significant; If GDP per capita increases by 1%, carbon dioxide emissions will increase by 0.22 %. The effect of energy intensity on carbon dioxide emissions was positive and significant; If the energy intensity increases by 1%, carbon dioxide emissions will increase by 0.06 %. The effect of population on carbon dioxide emissions was positive and significant; If the population increases by 1%; emissions of carbon dioxide will increase by 0.95%. The effect of changes in industrial structure on carbon dioxide emissions has been negative. This means that the industrial structure in different provinces has changed in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, although the contribution of these changes in reducing this pollutant was small. On the other hand, the spatial impact of industrial structure changes on carbon dioxide emissions was negative and significant. The coefficient related to the effects of industrial overflow showed that if the index of changes in the industrial structure increases by 1%, carbon dioxide emissions in adjacent areas will decrease by 0.03 %. Conclusion: Model estimation has shown that the restructuring of industry has a direct and negative effect on carbon emissions in the provinces. This indicates that the structure of the industry in different provinces has changed to industries with lower carbon dioxide emissions. One of the reasons for this could be the increase in the share of sub-sectors of the industry that have low energy consumption. Another reason for this could be the increase in the share of sectors that use fossil fuels with less pollution. Other results of the model have shown that the change in the structure of production in the industrial sector of the provinces has had indirect effects (spillovers) on the production of the provinces. Based on the results of the model, it is suggested that policies be adopted to transfer factors and resources from low-efficiency sectors to high-efficiency sectors. Also, energy efficiency policies in high-energy intensive industrial sectors and sub-sectors that use high-emission fossil fuels such as diesel and fuel oil should be considered.
{"title":"The effect of changes in industrial structure on carbon dioxide emissions in Iranian provinces: A spatial econometric approach","authors":"soraya khodadadi, M. Pahlavani, Ramezan Hossein zadeh","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.36979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.36979","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of changes in industrial structure on carbon dioxide emissions in Iranian provinces: A spatial econometric approach. Environmental Sciences. 20(1): 221-236. thirty the stationarity of spatial with spatial random effects. significant; If GDP per capita increases by 1%, carbon dioxide emissions will increase by 0.22 %. The effect of energy intensity on carbon dioxide emissions was positive and significant; If the energy intensity increases by 1%, carbon dioxide emissions will increase by 0.06 %. The effect of population on carbon dioxide emissions was positive and significant; If the population increases by 1%; emissions of carbon dioxide will increase by 0.95%. The effect of changes in industrial structure on carbon dioxide emissions has been negative. This means that the industrial structure in different provinces has changed in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, although the contribution of these changes in reducing this pollutant was small. On the other hand, the spatial impact of industrial structure changes on carbon dioxide emissions was negative and significant. The coefficient related to the effects of industrial overflow showed that if the index of changes in the industrial structure increases by 1%, carbon dioxide emissions in adjacent areas will decrease by 0.03 %. Conclusion: Model estimation has shown that the restructuring of industry has a direct and negative effect on carbon emissions in the provinces. This indicates that the structure of the industry in different provinces has changed to industries with lower carbon dioxide emissions. One of the reasons for this could be the increase in the share of sub-sectors of the industry that have low energy consumption. Another reason for this could be the increase in the share of sectors that use fossil fuels with less pollution. Other results of the model have shown that the change in the structure of production in the industrial sector of the provinces has had indirect effects (spillovers) on the production of the provinces. Based on the results of the model, it is suggested that policies be adopted to transfer factors and resources from low-efficiency sectors to high-efficiency sectors. Also, energy efficiency policies in high-energy intensive industrial sectors and sub-sectors that use high-emission fossil fuels such as diesel and fuel oil should be considered.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80370084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
مقدمهرشد سریع جمعیت، کشاورزی، شهرنشینی و صنعت موجب افزایش تقاضای آب و رقابت برای مصارف مختلف شده است. ترویج بهرهوری آب در کشاورزی تأثیر قابل توجهی بر افزایش راندمان مصرف آب دارد. روشهای توزیع و تحویل آب نیز نقش تعیینکنندهای در میزان انعطافپذیری سامانههای آبیاری و بهبود بهرهوری آب دارند. از میان روشهای موجود، روش تحویل برحسب درخواست انعطافپذیری بیشتری نسبت به روش گردشی دارد و نسبت به روش برحسب تمایل (بر حسب تقاضا) به زیرساختهای کمتری نیاز دارد. تنظیم مناسب سازهها و دستورالعملهای بهرهبرداری بین درخواستهای متوالی تابعی از تغییرات دبی، فاصله زمانی بین بهرهبرداریها، همزمانی درخواستهای مختلف، شرایط فیزیکی سازههای کانال و رفتار هیدرودینامیکی جریان میباشد که موجب پیچیدگی و لزوم استفاده از روشهای ریاضی جهت مدلسازی و بهره برداری می-گردد. در این تحقیق از روش جدید FSL (آموزش سارسای فازی) و روش ANN (شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی) استفاده گردید و بمنظور تعیین عملکرد روش جدید بکار رفته عملکرد آن با روش ANN مقایسه گردید. دادههای بکار رفته نیز مربوط به کانال عقیلی شرقی واقع در استان خوزستان میباشند. مواد و روشهادر این تحقیق، مقایسه کارائی دو روش یادگیری مدرن (یادگیری تقویتی سارسای فازی) و یادگیری سنتی (شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی) بهمنظور برنامهریزی توزیع و تحویل آب در روش تحویل برحسب درخواست در کانال عقیلی شرقی استان خوزستان انجام شد. به منظور شبیهسازی از 70%، 15% و 15% دادهها به ترتیب برای آموزش، کالیبراسیون و اعتبار سنجی مدلها استفاده شد. یادگیری و آموزش دادههای دبی و بازشدگی آبگیرها توسط شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی پرسپترون چند لایه و تابع پایه شعاعی انجام و بهترین حالت تنظیم سازهها با استفاده از معیارهای ضریب همبستگی و ریشه میانگین مربعات خطا انتخاب شد. همچنین بهترین تنظیم سازهها با استفاده از روش یادگیری تقویتی نیز استخراج گردید. به منظور ارزیابی نتایج نیز از شاخصهای راندمان، کفایت، پایداری و عدالت در تحویل آب و همچنین شاخصهای میانگین و حداکثر نوسانات سطح آب نسبت به عمق هدف استفاده گردید. نتایج و بحث بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده مشاهده شد که شاخص MPA (عدالت در تحویل) در روش شبکه عصبی مصنوعی برای بلوکهای اول و دوم کانال به ترتیب برابرند با 952/0 و 919/0 و در حالت استفاده از روش سارسای فازی این مقادیر به ترتیب برابر 996/0 و 1 میباشند. همچنین مقادیر شاخص MPF (راندمان در تحویل) در هنگام شبیهسازی با استفاده از شبکه عصبی در هر دو بلوک برابر 1 میباشد و در شبیهسازی با استفاده از FSL این مقادیر برابر 999/0 و 971/0 میباشند. در روش MLP خطای حداکثر نوسانات سطح آب در بلوکهای اول و دوم به ترتیب برابرند با 2/9 و 8/3 درصد و در روش FSL این خطاها برابرند با 5/5 و 4/7 درصد. نتایج نشان داد که شاخصهای میانگین و حداکثر نوسانات سطح آب برابر حداقل خود میباشند و شاخصهای تحویل آب نیز به مقادیر مطلوبشان طبق نتایج مولدن و گیتس (1990) نزدیک میباشند. بطور کلی میتوان نتیجه گرفت با توجه به شاخصهای ارزیابی، روش FSL نتایج بهتری نسبت به روش MLP دارد. با این حال نتایج روش MLP نیز قابل قبول و معتبر میباشد.نتیجهگیریدر این تحقیق از روش شبکههای عصبی پرسپترون چندلایه و تابع پایه شعاعی در برنامه متلب جهت تعیین دستورالعمل-های بهرهبرداری کانال عقیلی شرقی در استان خوزستان استفاده شد و نتایج با روش سارسای فازی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. بمنظور شبیهسازی هیدرودینامیکی کانال نیز مدل
{"title":"Operation of irrigation canals using intelligent methods","authors":"F. Bayat, H. Ghodousi, K. Shahverdi","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.1045","url":null,"abstract":"مقدمهرشد سریع جمعیت، کشاورزی، شهرنشینی و صنعت موجب افزایش تقاضای آب و رقابت برای مصارف مختلف شده است. ترویج بهرهوری آب در کشاورزی تأثیر قابل توجهی بر افزایش راندمان مصرف آب دارد. روشهای توزیع و تحویل آب نیز نقش تعیینکنندهای در میزان انعطافپذیری سامانههای آبیاری و بهبود بهرهوری آب دارند. از میان روشهای موجود، روش تحویل برحسب درخواست انعطافپذیری بیشتری نسبت به روش گردشی دارد و نسبت به روش برحسب تمایل (بر حسب تقاضا) به زیرساختهای کمتری نیاز دارد. تنظیم مناسب سازهها و دستورالعملهای بهرهبرداری بین درخواستهای متوالی تابعی از تغییرات دبی، فاصله زمانی بین بهرهبرداریها، همزمانی درخواستهای مختلف، شرایط فیزیکی سازههای کانال و رفتار هیدرودینامیکی جریان میباشد که موجب پیچیدگی و لزوم استفاده از روشهای ریاضی جهت مدلسازی و بهره برداری می-گردد. در این تحقیق از روش جدید FSL (آموزش سارسای فازی) و روش ANN (شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی) استفاده گردید و بمنظور تعیین عملکرد روش جدید بکار رفته عملکرد آن با روش ANN مقایسه گردید. دادههای بکار رفته نیز مربوط به کانال عقیلی شرقی واقع در استان خوزستان میباشند. مواد و روشهادر این تحقیق، مقایسه کارائی دو روش یادگیری مدرن (یادگیری تقویتی سارسای فازی) و یادگیری سنتی (شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی) بهمنظور برنامهریزی توزیع و تحویل آب در روش تحویل برحسب درخواست در کانال عقیلی شرقی استان خوزستان انجام شد. به منظور شبیهسازی از 70%، 15% و 15% دادهها به ترتیب برای آموزش، کالیبراسیون و اعتبار سنجی مدلها استفاده شد. یادگیری و آموزش دادههای دبی و بازشدگی آبگیرها توسط شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی پرسپترون چند لایه و تابع پایه شعاعی انجام و بهترین حالت تنظیم سازهها با استفاده از معیارهای ضریب همبستگی و ریشه میانگین مربعات خطا انتخاب شد. همچنین بهترین تنظیم سازهها با استفاده از روش یادگیری تقویتی نیز استخراج گردید. به منظور ارزیابی نتایج نیز از شاخصهای راندمان، کفایت، پایداری و عدالت در تحویل آب و همچنین شاخصهای میانگین و حداکثر نوسانات سطح آب نسبت به عمق هدف استفاده گردید. نتایج و بحث بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده مشاهده شد که شاخص MPA (عدالت در تحویل) در روش شبکه عصبی مصنوعی برای بلوکهای اول و دوم کانال به ترتیب برابرند با 952/0 و 919/0 و در حالت استفاده از روش سارسای فازی این مقادیر به ترتیب برابر 996/0 و 1 میباشند. همچنین مقادیر شاخص MPF (راندمان در تحویل) در هنگام شبیهسازی با استفاده از شبکه عصبی در هر دو بلوک برابر 1 میباشد و در شبیهسازی با استفاده از FSL این مقادیر برابر 999/0 و 971/0 میباشند. در روش MLP خطای حداکثر نوسانات سطح آب در بلوکهای اول و دوم به ترتیب برابرند با 2/9 و 8/3 درصد و در روش FSL این خطاها برابرند با 5/5 و 4/7 درصد. نتایج نشان داد که شاخصهای میانگین و حداکثر نوسانات سطح آب برابر حداقل خود میباشند و شاخصهای تحویل آب نیز به مقادیر مطلوبشان طبق نتایج مولدن و گیتس (1990) نزدیک میباشند. بطور کلی میتوان نتیجه گرفت با توجه به شاخصهای ارزیابی، روش FSL نتایج بهتری نسبت به روش MLP دارد. با این حال نتایج روش MLP نیز قابل قبول و معتبر میباشد.نتیجهگیریدر این تحقیق از روش شبکههای عصبی پرسپترون چندلایه و تابع پایه شعاعی در برنامه متلب جهت تعیین دستورالعمل-های بهرهبرداری کانال عقیلی شرقی در استان خوزستان استفاده شد و نتایج با روش سارسای فازی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. بمنظور شبیهسازی هیدرودینامیکی کانال نیز مدل","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74557241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamal Siahcheshm, M. Mohammadi, Saied Mohammad Sorouraddin
S.M., 2022. Bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil of Doustbaglu region (Meshginshahr) and determining toxic species by sequential extraction and Visual Minteq software. Environmental Sciences. 20(1): 41-56. Results and discussion: The results of the sequential extraction method showed that the highest concentration of the total concentration of all studied heavy elements was retained in the residual fraction (stabilized in the mineral structure). This indicates the geogenic origin of these elements and can be considered the result of erosion and weathering of rocks in the region. Compared to other elements, Sb had a higher concentration in potentially available fractions (e.g. exchangeable, carbonate-bound, bound to Fe-and Mn-oxides, and/or organic matter) and can be readily available to plants and toxic. The software output delineates that the predominant species in the examined samples were lead as Pb (SO 4 ) 22- , Pb 2+ and PbSO 4(aq) ; copper as CuSO 4(aq) and Cu 2+ ; nickel as NiSO 4 (aq) , Ni 2+ and NiSO 4 ; antimony as Sb(OH) 3 , Sb(OH) 2+ and Sb(OH) 61- ; zinc as Zn(SO 4 ) 22- , ZnSO 4(aq) and Zn 2+ ; arsenic as H 3 AsO 3 and H 2 AsO 4- ; cadmium as Cd(SO 4 ) 22- , and Cd 2+ . The predominant species of chromium were CrSO 4+ , CrOHSO 4(aq) , and HCrO 4- . In general, the free water-soluble species of these elements were more mobile than other species; instead, the concentration of these species was very low relatively, and most of these elements were more present in the form of complexes with low mobility. Conclusion: Based on sequential extraction results, all studied elements showed high ecological risk potential and significant pollution in the sediment of waterways and surface soil horizons of the Doustbaglu area. Analysis of the findings of Visual Minteq software indicates that the most active types of elements and related concentrations, among all possible types, include: Cd 2+ (1.49%), CrOHSO 4(aq) (25.20%), Cu 2+ (10/38%), Pb 2+ (1/37%), ZnSO 4(aq) (18.83%), respectively. Since more mobile species have low concentrations and on the other hand, according to the results of sequential extraction, most of the studied elements are present in the remaining phase, so the bioavailability and toxicity of these elements are estimated to be negligible. In general, it can be concluded that only a small percentage of elements are present in bioavailable fractions, and this can alleviate concerns about the possibility of element release by changing environmental conditions and thus accessibility to plants.
{"title":"Bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil of Doustbaglu region (Meshginshahr) and determining toxic species by sequential extraction and Visual Minteq software","authors":"Kamal Siahcheshm, M. Mohammadi, Saied Mohammad Sorouraddin","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.1060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.1060","url":null,"abstract":"S.M., 2022. Bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil of Doustbaglu region (Meshginshahr) and determining toxic species by sequential extraction and Visual Minteq software. Environmental Sciences. 20(1): 41-56. Results and discussion: The results of the sequential extraction method showed that the highest concentration of the total concentration of all studied heavy elements was retained in the residual fraction (stabilized in the mineral structure). This indicates the geogenic origin of these elements and can be considered the result of erosion and weathering of rocks in the region. Compared to other elements, Sb had a higher concentration in potentially available fractions (e.g. exchangeable, carbonate-bound, bound to Fe-and Mn-oxides, and/or organic matter) and can be readily available to plants and toxic. The software output delineates that the predominant species in the examined samples were lead as Pb (SO 4 ) 22- , Pb 2+ and PbSO 4(aq) ; copper as CuSO 4(aq) and Cu 2+ ; nickel as NiSO 4 (aq) , Ni 2+ and NiSO 4 ; antimony as Sb(OH) 3 , Sb(OH) 2+ and Sb(OH) 61- ; zinc as Zn(SO 4 ) 22- , ZnSO 4(aq) and Zn 2+ ; arsenic as H 3 AsO 3 and H 2 AsO 4- ; cadmium as Cd(SO 4 ) 22- , and Cd 2+ . The predominant species of chromium were CrSO 4+ , CrOHSO 4(aq) , and HCrO 4- . In general, the free water-soluble species of these elements were more mobile than other species; instead, the concentration of these species was very low relatively, and most of these elements were more present in the form of complexes with low mobility. Conclusion: Based on sequential extraction results, all studied elements showed high ecological risk potential and significant pollution in the sediment of waterways and surface soil horizons of the Doustbaglu area. Analysis of the findings of Visual Minteq software indicates that the most active types of elements and related concentrations, among all possible types, include: Cd 2+ (1.49%), CrOHSO 4(aq) (25.20%), Cu 2+ (10/38%), Pb 2+ (1/37%), ZnSO 4(aq) (18.83%), respectively. Since more mobile species have low concentrations and on the other hand, according to the results of sequential extraction, most of the studied elements are present in the remaining phase, so the bioavailability and toxicity of these elements are estimated to be negligible. In general, it can be concluded that only a small percentage of elements are present in bioavailable fractions, and this can alleviate concerns about the possibility of element release by changing environmental conditions and thus accessibility to plants.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81828193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Hatefi, Habibollh Younesi, Ali Mashinchian-Moradi, S. Nojavan
The efficiency of magnetic TiO 2 anatase loaded by graphen quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of imipramine from aquatic media. Environmental Sciences. 20(1): 1-20. the of was the type IV and hysteresis loop of types due to mesoporous structure. FESEM images determined the almost spherical morphology of as-synthesized photocatalyst and homogenous distribution of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the magnetite surface that was utilized without any changes in morphology but particle size changing after loading TiO 2 on the magnetite particles. HRTEM results confirmed the spherical shape with less than 50 nm diameter and the lattice spacing related to anatase (TiO 2 ) and GQDs. Also, the photocatalytic efficiency of the as-synthesized nanocomposite was for achieving the maximum removal of related to different best yield 90% experimental and in under the optimum condition of ≈3, ≈40 for the dominant mechanism of imipramine degradation was oxidative decomposition via the photogenerated holes and followed by the first-order models under the UVA light irradiation. Therefore, results proved as-prepared photocatalyst Fe 3 O 4 /TiO 2 /GQDs could be developed for treatment of persistence organic pollutants in industrial wastewater under optimized conditions.
{"title":"The efficiency of magnetic TiO2 anatase loaded by graphen quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of imipramine from aquatic media","authors":"R. Hatefi, Habibollh Younesi, Ali Mashinchian-Moradi, S. Nojavan","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.1021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.1021","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of magnetic TiO 2 anatase loaded by graphen quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of imipramine from aquatic media. Environmental Sciences. 20(1): 1-20. the of was the type IV and hysteresis loop of types due to mesoporous structure. FESEM images determined the almost spherical morphology of as-synthesized photocatalyst and homogenous distribution of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the magnetite surface that was utilized without any changes in morphology but particle size changing after loading TiO 2 on the magnetite particles. HRTEM results confirmed the spherical shape with less than 50 nm diameter and the lattice spacing related to anatase (TiO 2 ) and GQDs. Also, the photocatalytic efficiency of the as-synthesized nanocomposite was for achieving the maximum removal of related to different best yield 90% experimental and in under the optimum condition of ≈3, ≈40 for the dominant mechanism of imipramine degradation was oxidative decomposition via the photogenerated holes and followed by the first-order models under the UVA light irradiation. Therefore, results proved as-prepared photocatalyst Fe 3 O 4 /TiO 2 /GQDs could be developed for treatment of persistence organic pollutants in industrial wastewater under optimized conditions.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83681573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Motamed, fatemeh ghorbani piralidehi, Khadijeh Alizadeh Azbarai
2022. The effect of paddy farmers' participation in rice integrated pest management projects with an emphasis on environmental protection indicators (Case study: Fooman County, Province). 20(1): was conducted in two stages. In the qualitative stage, a group of 30 experts and farmers (experts in sustainable agriculture and integrated pest management) were selected with snowball sampling and were then interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis using Maxqda software and the validity of the findings was confirmed using the triangulation method. In a quantitative stage, from 16 cities of Guilan Province, Fooman County was randomly selected. The researcher-made questionnaire was then distributed among 323 farmers participating in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) project. The participation rate was assessed in the form of five items with a Likert scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Frequency and percentage were used in the descriptive part and Spearman correlation coefficient was used in the inferential part. Results and discussion: The results showed that the level of rice farmers' participation in the project was moderate to good from their point of view. As a result, most participants had a moderate level of participation (58.82%). The participation of paddy farmers in integrated pest management projects has a significant correlation at the level of one percent except for a few cases with other effects presented by the interviewees (IPM team of experts and informants). But in terms of economic effects, paddy farmers had different views from the experts. According to the rice farmers of Fooman, their participation did not show a significant relationship with economic effects such as reducing rice production costs, increasing rice production and increasing income, as well as increasing the possibility of co-cultivation with the environmental effect. Conclusion: Complex IPM projects require the full involvement of farmers in order to be implemented. This study showed the role of the participation of paddy farmers in Fooman in the implementation of such projects and the evaluation of their positive effects by farmers on the continuity and strengthening of these projects with adequate funding and appropriate training by farmers and city officials.
{"title":"The effect of paddy farmers' participation in rice integrated pest management projects with an emphasis on environmental protection indicators (Case study: Fooman County, Guilan Province)","authors":"M. Motamed, fatemeh ghorbani piralidehi, Khadijeh Alizadeh Azbarai","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.1025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.1025","url":null,"abstract":"2022. The effect of paddy farmers' participation in rice integrated pest management projects with an emphasis on environmental protection indicators (Case study: Fooman County, Province). 20(1): was conducted in two stages. In the qualitative stage, a group of 30 experts and farmers (experts in sustainable agriculture and integrated pest management) were selected with snowball sampling and were then interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis using Maxqda software and the validity of the findings was confirmed using the triangulation method. In a quantitative stage, from 16 cities of Guilan Province, Fooman County was randomly selected. The researcher-made questionnaire was then distributed among 323 farmers participating in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) project. The participation rate was assessed in the form of five items with a Likert scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Frequency and percentage were used in the descriptive part and Spearman correlation coefficient was used in the inferential part. Results and discussion: The results showed that the level of rice farmers' participation in the project was moderate to good from their point of view. As a result, most participants had a moderate level of participation (58.82%). The participation of paddy farmers in integrated pest management projects has a significant correlation at the level of one percent except for a few cases with other effects presented by the interviewees (IPM team of experts and informants). But in terms of economic effects, paddy farmers had different views from the experts. According to the rice farmers of Fooman, their participation did not show a significant relationship with economic effects such as reducing rice production costs, increasing rice production and increasing income, as well as increasing the possibility of co-cultivation with the environmental effect. Conclusion: Complex IPM projects require the full involvement of farmers in order to be implemented. This study showed the role of the participation of paddy farmers in Fooman in the implementation of such projects and the evaluation of their positive effects by farmers on the continuity and strengthening of these projects with adequate funding and appropriate training by farmers and city officials.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80524886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.52547/envs.2021.37179
Mojtaba Ismailzadeh, H. Moradi
Moradi, H., 2022. Quantity and quality of antioxidant compounds and components of essential oil of the medicinal plant ( Eryngium campestre ) under the influence of altitude. Environmental Sciences. 20(1): 167-178. Material and methods: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of altitude on antioxidant compounds and constituents of essential oil of Eryngium at three altitudes (30, 100 and 300 meters above sea level) in Savadkuh section of Mazandaran Province, which was the natural habitat of this plant. After collection and drying, the plants were extracted with methanol solvent to measure traits such as antioxidants, phenol, and flavonoids. Also, in order to identify the essential oil compounds, and the percentage yield of essential oil, the essential oil amount of essential oil. These results show that antioxidant and phenolic compounds are affected by altitude and factors such as the amount and intensity of light, ultraviolet rays, temperature and precipitation. An altitude of 300 meters above sea level had the best effect on the percentage of free radicals in DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and doubled the percentage of salinity compared to 30 meters above sea level. However, in flavonoids, they did not show any difference between 30 and 100 meters above sea level, but they differed from plants harvested from 300 meters above sea level and included a larger amount. Also, with increasing height, the percentage of essential oil decreases. The results of the correlation of traits show that flavonoids and phenol have a significant relationship with increasing the percentage of essential oil yield. Antioxidants are also inversely related to the percentage of essential oils and flavonoids. The results of gas chromatography showed that compounds such as: D-limonene and beta. -sesquiphellandrene decreased with increasing altitude in essential oil and cis-.alpha.-Bisabolene increased with increasing altitude, in the essential oil of Eryngium . We also showed that the amount of identified compounds was not necessarily dependent on height and could be a function of other factors. Conclusion: The results showed that the amount of free radical inhibition of DPPH increased with increasing altitude, but the trend of percentage of essential oil yield decreased inversely with increasing altitude. Also, there was no significant difference between 30 and 100 meters above sea level in flavonoids. The number of compounds identified by gas chromatography was the highest at an altitude of 300 m above sea level. Also, the three compounds D-limonene, beta. -sesquiphellandrene and cis-. alpha. -Bisabolene were a function of altitude.
{"title":"Quantity and quality of antioxidant compounds and components of essential oil of the medicinal plant (Eryngium campestre) under the influence of altitude","authors":"Mojtaba Ismailzadeh, H. Moradi","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.37179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.37179","url":null,"abstract":"Moradi, H., 2022. Quantity and quality of antioxidant compounds and components of essential oil of the medicinal plant ( Eryngium campestre ) under the influence of altitude. Environmental Sciences. 20(1): 167-178. Material and methods: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of altitude on antioxidant compounds and constituents of essential oil of Eryngium at three altitudes (30, 100 and 300 meters above sea level) in Savadkuh section of Mazandaran Province, which was the natural habitat of this plant. After collection and drying, the plants were extracted with methanol solvent to measure traits such as antioxidants, phenol, and flavonoids. Also, in order to identify the essential oil compounds, and the percentage yield of essential oil, the essential oil amount of essential oil. These results show that antioxidant and phenolic compounds are affected by altitude and factors such as the amount and intensity of light, ultraviolet rays, temperature and precipitation. An altitude of 300 meters above sea level had the best effect on the percentage of free radicals in DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and doubled the percentage of salinity compared to 30 meters above sea level. However, in flavonoids, they did not show any difference between 30 and 100 meters above sea level, but they differed from plants harvested from 300 meters above sea level and included a larger amount. Also, with increasing height, the percentage of essential oil decreases. The results of the correlation of traits show that flavonoids and phenol have a significant relationship with increasing the percentage of essential oil yield. Antioxidants are also inversely related to the percentage of essential oils and flavonoids. The results of gas chromatography showed that compounds such as: D-limonene and beta. -sesquiphellandrene decreased with increasing altitude in essential oil and cis-.alpha.-Bisabolene increased with increasing altitude, in the essential oil of Eryngium . We also showed that the amount of identified compounds was not necessarily dependent on height and could be a function of other factors. Conclusion: The results showed that the amount of free radical inhibition of DPPH increased with increasing altitude, but the trend of percentage of essential oil yield decreased inversely with increasing altitude. Also, there was no significant difference between 30 and 100 meters above sea level in flavonoids. The number of compounds identified by gas chromatography was the highest at an altitude of 300 m above sea level. Also, the three compounds D-limonene, beta. -sesquiphellandrene and cis-. alpha. -Bisabolene were a function of altitude.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82586831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jalil Badamfirooz, A. Rahmati, Nooshin Daneshpajooh, Roya Mousazadeh, R. Mirzaei
Investigating the impact of existing and under construction industries on the air quality of Arak City using ADMS model. Environmental 20(1): 21-40. Results and discussion: The results showed that the concentration of CO, SO 2 , and NO 2 in all stations was within the permissible level announced by the DoE. The dispersion of suspended particles (contour lines) in the city was to the west and southwest and up to a radius of 3 km in the prevailing and semi-prevailing wind direction. This for Shazand was to the west up to a radius of 1 km in the prevailing wind direction and to the southwest up to 5 km in the direction of semi- prevailing wind until reaching the background concentration of 19.1 μg. Accumulation of SO 2 contour lines in Shazand pollution center was observed up to a radius of 7 km in the west direction and up to a radius of 10 km in the southwest direction. The accumulation of NO 2 contour lines was the same as NO 2 . The radius of impact of CO gas was extended from Arak to Shazand. Accumulation of CO contour lines in Arak was up to a radius of 5 km in the direction of west and southwest. The accumulation of H 2 S contour lines in Shazand was up to a radius of 5 km towards the directions of west, southeast, and southwest. In general, the difference between the sampling and modeling results indicated the pollution sources that were not observed in the model and were beyond those emitted from the factories. In most stations, the modeled and directly monitored SO 2 concentrations were not much different and the correlation coefficient of the data was high, indicating the accuracy of the calculations and the prominent role of industries in the emission of this gaseous pollutant. Also, in most stations, the results of environmental measurement of NO 2 were less than the modeled values, revealing that the industries had a greater share in the emission of this gas. The overestimation of this emission may probably be due to the inclusion of the under-construction industries in the model. The environmental concentration of CO in all stations was higher than the modeled values. small share in the pollution load of this pollutant while in urban areas, the concentration of CO depends on the mobile sources and traffic load. Conclusion: In general, the pollution levels of the city showed that the center of pollution was in the southeast of Arak and in the complex of the refinery, petrochemical company, and thermal power plant. According to the overlaid contours of emissions, a number of points (14 points) that were closest to the pollution centers were proposed as critical stations, two points as control stations, and 4 points as the stations exposed to pollution in each period.
{"title":"Investigating the impact of existing and under construction industries on the air quality of Arak City using ADMS model","authors":"Jalil Badamfirooz, A. Rahmati, Nooshin Daneshpajooh, Roya Mousazadeh, R. Mirzaei","doi":"10.52547/envs.2021.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/envs.2021.1022","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating the impact of existing and under construction industries on the air quality of Arak City using ADMS model. Environmental 20(1): 21-40. Results and discussion: The results showed that the concentration of CO, SO 2 , and NO 2 in all stations was within the permissible level announced by the DoE. The dispersion of suspended particles (contour lines) in the city was to the west and southwest and up to a radius of 3 km in the prevailing and semi-prevailing wind direction. This for Shazand was to the west up to a radius of 1 km in the prevailing wind direction and to the southwest up to 5 km in the direction of semi- prevailing wind until reaching the background concentration of 19.1 μg. Accumulation of SO 2 contour lines in Shazand pollution center was observed up to a radius of 7 km in the west direction and up to a radius of 10 km in the southwest direction. The accumulation of NO 2 contour lines was the same as NO 2 . The radius of impact of CO gas was extended from Arak to Shazand. Accumulation of CO contour lines in Arak was up to a radius of 5 km in the direction of west and southwest. The accumulation of H 2 S contour lines in Shazand was up to a radius of 5 km towards the directions of west, southeast, and southwest. In general, the difference between the sampling and modeling results indicated the pollution sources that were not observed in the model and were beyond those emitted from the factories. In most stations, the modeled and directly monitored SO 2 concentrations were not much different and the correlation coefficient of the data was high, indicating the accuracy of the calculations and the prominent role of industries in the emission of this gaseous pollutant. Also, in most stations, the results of environmental measurement of NO 2 were less than the modeled values, revealing that the industries had a greater share in the emission of this gas. The overestimation of this emission may probably be due to the inclusion of the under-construction industries in the model. The environmental concentration of CO in all stations was higher than the modeled values. small share in the pollution load of this pollutant while in urban areas, the concentration of CO depends on the mobile sources and traffic load. Conclusion: In general, the pollution levels of the city showed that the center of pollution was in the southeast of Arak and in the complex of the refinery, petrochemical company, and thermal power plant. According to the overlaid contours of emissions, a number of points (14 points) that were closest to the pollution centers were proposed as critical stations, two points as control stations, and 4 points as the stations exposed to pollution in each period.","PeriodicalId":11919,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88102636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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