Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01667-1
Marieke R. Verbakel, Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman, Ceciel S. Dinnissen, Nynke Koopman, Marga C. Ocké, Marjolein H. de Jong
Maintaining an adequate vitamin D status is challenging for part of the Dutch adults; therefore, use of vitamin D supplements is advised for certain subgroups. Recent studies on vitamin D status in the general Dutch population are lacking. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status in a Dutch adult population and how it compared to twelve years earlier. Blood samples from participants of the Lifelines cohort collected in March 2023 were analysed for 25(OH)D₃ concentration (N = 1000). Log 25(OH)D₃ concentrations and proportion participants with a 25(OH)D₃ concentration <30 (18–69 yrs)/<50 nmol/L (≥70 yrs) were compared across gender and age groups (18–49, 50–69, and ≥70 yrs) using t-tests and ANOVA. Vitamin D status in March 2023 was compared to the status in March 2011 (N = 1221). Additionally, monthly variation in vitamin D status within 2011 was studied. Men had a significantly lower median 25(OH)D₃ concentration compared to women. 25(OH)D₃ concentration increased with age. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 7% of women 50–69 yrs and in 26% of men and 13% of women ≥70 yrs. Compared to March 2011, 25(OH)D₃ concentration in March 2023 was significantly higher (median 45–49 vs. 54–75 nmol/L). Vitamin D status throughout 2011 showed highest deficiency levels in winter. Vitamin D status improved between 2011 and 2023, but still up to a quarter of men and women in different age groups were vitamin D deficient at the end of the winter of 2023. Vitamin D status was highest in the subgroups with supplementation advice.
{"title":"Vitamin D status of adults in the North of the Netherlands: cross-sectional results from the Lifelines cohort study","authors":"Marieke R. Verbakel, Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman, Ceciel S. Dinnissen, Nynke Koopman, Marga C. Ocké, Marjolein H. de Jong","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01667-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01667-1","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining an adequate vitamin D status is challenging for part of the Dutch adults; therefore, use of vitamin D supplements is advised for certain subgroups. Recent studies on vitamin D status in the general Dutch population are lacking. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status in a Dutch adult population and how it compared to twelve years earlier. Blood samples from participants of the Lifelines cohort collected in March 2023 were analysed for 25(OH)D₃ concentration (N = 1000). Log 25(OH)D₃ concentrations and proportion participants with a 25(OH)D₃ concentration <30 (18–69 yrs)/<50 nmol/L (≥70 yrs) were compared across gender and age groups (18–49, 50–69, and ≥70 yrs) using t-tests and ANOVA. Vitamin D status in March 2023 was compared to the status in March 2011 (N = 1221). Additionally, monthly variation in vitamin D status within 2011 was studied. Men had a significantly lower median 25(OH)D₃ concentration compared to women. 25(OH)D₃ concentration increased with age. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 7% of women 50–69 yrs and in 26% of men and 13% of women ≥70 yrs. Compared to March 2011, 25(OH)D₃ concentration in March 2023 was significantly higher (median 45–49 vs. 54–75 nmol/L). Vitamin D status throughout 2011 showed highest deficiency levels in winter. Vitamin D status improved between 2011 and 2023, but still up to a quarter of men and women in different age groups were vitamin D deficient at the end of the winter of 2023. Vitamin D status was highest in the subgroups with supplementation advice.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1114-1120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01667-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, probiotics have become one of the research hotspots in the scientific community, and its potential role in intestinal health, immune regulation, and the relationship with the brain has attracted much attention. However, the improvement of cognitive function by probiotics shows different effects in different stages of the human life cycle. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the specific effects of probiotics on cognitive function in different age groups. We searched four databases from creation to December 2023. A meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled clinical trials was conducted, using random effect Meta analysis combined with standardized mean difference (SMD) (95% confidence interval [CI]). Our meta-analysis found that the effects of probiotics on cognitive performance were primarily seen in older age groups, with significant effects on overall cognitive performance, processing speed, memory, and spatial ability (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI [0.13, 0.67], P = 0.004), (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI [0.11, 0.63], P = 0.006), (SMD = 0. 51, 95% CI [0.25, 0.78], P = 0.0002), (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI [0.09, 0.62], P = 0.008). In addition, probiotics improved executive function in infants and children (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI [0.04, 0.56], P = 0.03). In young adults, the effects of probiotics were mainly seen in verbal ability (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI [0.15, 0.71], p = 0.003). Probiotic supplements primarily improve overall cognitive function, information processing speed, memory, and spatial ability in older adults, with the best results observed after 12 weeks of daily intake of approximately 2 × 10¹⁰ CFU.
背景：近年来，益生菌已成为科学界的研究热点之一，其在肠道健康、免疫调节以及与大脑的关系等方面的潜在作用备受关注。然而，益生菌对认知功能的改善作用在人类生命周期的不同阶段表现出不同的效果。目的：因此，我们进行了一项随机对照试验的荟萃分析，以研究益生菌对不同年龄组认知功能的具体影响。方法：检索自创建至2023年12月的4个数据库。采用随机效应Meta分析结合标准化平均差（SMD）（95%置信区间[CI]）对21项随机对照临床试验进行Meta分析。结果：我们的荟萃分析发现，益生菌对认知表现的影响主要出现在年龄较大的人群中，对整体认知表现、处理速度、记忆力和空间能力有显著影响（SMD = 0.40, 95% CI [0.13, 0.67], P = 0.004）， （SMD = 0.37, 95% CI [0.11, 0.63], P = 0.006）， (SMD = 0。51岁的95%可信区间[0.25,0.78],P = 0.0002), (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI [0.09, 0.62], P = 0.008)。此外，益生菌可改善婴儿和儿童的执行功能（SMD = 0.30, 95% CI [0.04, 0.56], P = 0.03）。在年轻人中，益生菌的作用主要体现在语言能力方面（SMD = 0.43, 95% CI [0.15, 0.71], p = 0.003）。结论：益生菌补充剂主要改善老年人的整体认知功能、信息处理速度、记忆力和空间能力，在每天摄入约2 × 10¹⁰CFU 12周后观察到最佳效果。
{"title":"Effects of probiotics on cognitive function across the human lifespan: a meta-analysis","authors":"HanQing Guo, YanHua Liang, XueMei Qin, Qing Luo, XiuMei Gong, Qinghan Gao","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01660-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01660-8","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, probiotics have become one of the research hotspots in the scientific community, and its potential role in intestinal health, immune regulation, and the relationship with the brain has attracted much attention. However, the improvement of cognitive function by probiotics shows different effects in different stages of the human life cycle. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the specific effects of probiotics on cognitive function in different age groups. We searched four databases from creation to December 2023. A meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled clinical trials was conducted, using random effect Meta analysis combined with standardized mean difference (SMD) (95% confidence interval [CI]). Our meta-analysis found that the effects of probiotics on cognitive performance were primarily seen in older age groups, with significant effects on overall cognitive performance, processing speed, memory, and spatial ability (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI [0.13, 0.67], P = 0.004), (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI [0.11, 0.63], P = 0.006), (SMD = 0. 51, 95% CI [0.25, 0.78], P = 0.0002), (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI [0.09, 0.62], P = 0.008). In addition, probiotics improved executive function in infants and children (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI [0.04, 0.56], P = 0.03). In young adults, the effects of probiotics were mainly seen in verbal ability (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI [0.15, 0.71], p = 0.003). Probiotic supplements primarily improve overall cognitive function, information processing speed, memory, and spatial ability in older adults, with the best results observed after 12 weeks of daily intake of approximately 2 × 10¹⁰ CFU.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 1","pages":"46-61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-19DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01665-3
Pablo Torres-Aguilar, Anna M. R. Hayes, Clay Swackhamer, Emmanuel Ayua, Laura Michelin, Violet Mugalavai, Bruce R. Hamaker
Animal studies support that diet affects metabolic fuel utilization and metabolic flexibility. We hypothesized that individuals with contrasting dietary patterns would have different metabolic responses. Differences in metabolic fuel utilization, metabolic flexibility, and gastric emptying time to carbohydrate challenges (rapidly vs slowly digestible carbohydrates [RDC/SDC]) were assessed between US and Kenyan cohorts consuming diets characteristic of each population. We assessed metabolic fuel utilization using a portable breath CO2 measuring device and gastric emptying in two cohorts (Kenya, n = 23; US, n = 13) for 2 h following RDC and SDC challenges. Study meals, matched in energy content (732 kJ), consisted of test carbohydrates (30 g) mixed into applesauce (200 g). An estimated respiratory exchange ratio (RERest) was calculated from the CO2 values. Metabolic flexibility (MF) was assessed using Percent Relative Cumulative Frequency followed by modeling with the Weibull Cumulative Distribution function. We collected dietary data using three 24-h dietary recalls and used multivariate mixed effect models to assess dietary influences on RERest/MF to carbohydrate challenges. Kenyan participants had higher RERest and greater MF compared to US participants regardless of the carbohydrate challenge (P < 0.0001), and had improved MF response with SDC vs RDC. Multivariate Model 1 (macronutrient composition) showed that carbohydrate (P = 0.02) and protein (P < 0.001) were predictive of RERest; and for Model 2 (carbohydrate quality), total fiber (P = 0.026), starch (P = 0.001) and added sugars (P < 0.001) were predictive of RERest. The Kenyan cohort consuming a diet of high carbohydrate quality and low in fat showed greater carbohydrate oxidation and improved MF.
{"title":"Role of habitual diet in metabolic fuel utilization and metabolic flexibility, evidence in Kenyan and U.S. cohorts","authors":"Pablo Torres-Aguilar, Anna M. R. Hayes, Clay Swackhamer, Emmanuel Ayua, Laura Michelin, Violet Mugalavai, Bruce R. Hamaker","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01665-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01665-3","url":null,"abstract":"Animal studies support that diet affects metabolic fuel utilization and metabolic flexibility. We hypothesized that individuals with contrasting dietary patterns would have different metabolic responses. Differences in metabolic fuel utilization, metabolic flexibility, and gastric emptying time to carbohydrate challenges (rapidly vs slowly digestible carbohydrates [RDC/SDC]) were assessed between US and Kenyan cohorts consuming diets characteristic of each population. We assessed metabolic fuel utilization using a portable breath CO2 measuring device and gastric emptying in two cohorts (Kenya, n = 23; US, n = 13) for 2 h following RDC and SDC challenges. Study meals, matched in energy content (732 kJ), consisted of test carbohydrates (30 g) mixed into applesauce (200 g). An estimated respiratory exchange ratio (RERest) was calculated from the CO2 values. Metabolic flexibility (MF) was assessed using Percent Relative Cumulative Frequency followed by modeling with the Weibull Cumulative Distribution function. We collected dietary data using three 24-h dietary recalls and used multivariate mixed effect models to assess dietary influences on RERest/MF to carbohydrate challenges. Kenyan participants had higher RERest and greater MF compared to US participants regardless of the carbohydrate challenge (P < 0.0001), and had improved MF response with SDC vs RDC. Multivariate Model 1 (macronutrient composition) showed that carbohydrate (P = 0.02) and protein (P < 0.001) were predictive of RERest; and for Model 2 (carbohydrate quality), total fiber (P = 0.026), starch (P = 0.001) and added sugars (P < 0.001) were predictive of RERest. The Kenyan cohort consuming a diet of high carbohydrate quality and low in fat showed greater carbohydrate oxidation and improved MF.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 1","pages":"121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01665-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01661-7
Arianna Natale, Angela D’Angelo, Ettore Bidoli, Federica Toffolutti, Attilio Giacosa, Livia S. A. Augustin, Eva Negri, Francesca Bravi, Carlo La Vecchia, Marta Rossi
Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is influenced by diet. Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments primarily found in fruits and vegetables. Their potential chemopreventive properties are due to antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antiproliferative characteristics. We investigated dietary carotenoid intakes (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein+zeaxanthin, and total carotenoids) in relation to CRC risk. We used data from a case-control study on CRC conducted in Italy, which included 1953 histologically confirmed incident cases of CRC and 4154 controls. For each subject, carotenoid intake was estimated through a reproducible and valid food frequency questionnaire, using an Italian food composition database. Odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of CRC for the highest versus the lowest quintiles of carotenoid intakes were computed through multiple logistic regression models, including terms for total energy intake and other selected confounding factors. The OR of CRC for the highest versus the lowest quintile was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.60–0.87) for α-carotene, 0.60 (95% CI = 0.49–0.73) for β-carotene, 0.83 (95% CI = 0.69–0.99) for β-cryptoxanthin, 0.64 (95% CI = 0.53–0.78) for lutein+zeaxanthin, and 0.59 (95% CI = 0.48–0.73) for total carotenoids, with significant trends across quintiles. No significant association was found for lycopene. Our findings indicate an inverse association between total and selected carotenoids and CRC risk.
背景：结直肠癌（CRC）的风险与饮食有关。类胡萝卜素是一种天然色素，主要存在于水果和蔬菜中。它们潜在的化学预防特性是由于抗氧化、抗诱变和抗增殖的特性。目的：我们研究了饮食类胡萝卜素摄入量（α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素、叶黄素+玉米黄质和总类胡萝卜素）与结直肠癌风险的关系。方法：我们使用了在意大利进行的一项CRC病例对照研究的数据，其中包括1953例组织学证实的CRC病例和4154例对照。使用意大利食品成分数据库，通过可重复且有效的食物频率问卷来估计每个受试者的类胡萝卜素摄入量。通过多重逻辑回归模型，包括总能量摄入和其他选择的混杂因素，计算了类胡萝卜素摄入量最高和最低五分位数的CRC的优势比（OR）和相应的95%置信区间（95% CI）。结果：α-胡萝卜素与最低五分位数的CRC比值为0.72 (95% CI = 0.60-0.87)， β-胡萝卜素为0.60 (95% CI = 0.49-0.73)， β-隐黄质为0.83 (95% CI = 0.69-0.99)，叶黄素+玉米黄质为0.64 (95% CI = 0.53-0.78)，总类胡萝卜素为0.59 (95% CI = 0.48-0.73)，各五分位数的趋势显著。番茄红素未发现显著相关性。结论：我们的研究结果表明，总类胡萝卜素和选择性类胡萝卜素与结直肠癌风险呈负相关。
{"title":"Intake of total and selected carotenoids and colorectal cancer risk: An Italian case-control study","authors":"Arianna Natale, Angela D’Angelo, Ettore Bidoli, Federica Toffolutti, Attilio Giacosa, Livia S. A. Augustin, Eva Negri, Francesca Bravi, Carlo La Vecchia, Marta Rossi","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01661-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01661-7","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is influenced by diet. Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments primarily found in fruits and vegetables. Their potential chemopreventive properties are due to antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antiproliferative characteristics. We investigated dietary carotenoid intakes (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein+zeaxanthin, and total carotenoids) in relation to CRC risk. We used data from a case-control study on CRC conducted in Italy, which included 1953 histologically confirmed incident cases of CRC and 4154 controls. For each subject, carotenoid intake was estimated through a reproducible and valid food frequency questionnaire, using an Italian food composition database. Odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of CRC for the highest versus the lowest quintiles of carotenoid intakes were computed through multiple logistic regression models, including terms for total energy intake and other selected confounding factors. The OR of CRC for the highest versus the lowest quintile was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.60–0.87) for α-carotene, 0.60 (95% CI = 0.49–0.73) for β-carotene, 0.83 (95% CI = 0.69–0.99) for β-cryptoxanthin, 0.64 (95% CI = 0.53–0.78) for lutein+zeaxanthin, and 0.59 (95% CI = 0.48–0.73) for total carotenoids, with significant trends across quintiles. No significant association was found for lycopene. Our findings indicate an inverse association between total and selected carotenoids and CRC risk.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1154-1159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01661-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01664-4
Adam W. Potter, Leigh C. Ward, Christopher L. Chapman, William J. Tharion, David P. Looney, Karl E. Friedl
Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) methods offer reliable and moderately accurate estimates of body composition in tightly controlled conditions (prandial and hydration status, recent exercise, time of day). This study examined MFBIA reliability and validity in a real-world environment where these factors were not controlled. Regional and total body composition estimates by MFBIA (InBody 770) were compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 1000 healthy adults (667 men; 333 women), including fat mass (FM), percent body fat (%BF), fat-free mass (FFM), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). In subsets, reliability was determined from duplicate MFBIA and DXA obtained within 1 week, and total body water (TBW) was compared to single-frequency BIA (SFBIA). MFBIA demonstrated modest population-level agreement with DXA for total body FM (men, r = 0.93, bias −3.7 ± 2.6 kg; women, r = 0.96, bias, −1.9 ± 1.8 kg), %BF (men, r = 0.89, bias, −4.2 ± 3.0%; women, r = 0.92, bias, −2.8 ± 2.6%), and FFM (men, r = 0.95, bias, 3.4 ± 2.8 kg; women, r = 0.94, bias, 2.0 ± 2.2 kg). Regional correlations were highest for trunk FM (men, r = 0.92, CCC = 0.86; women r = 0.93, CCC = 0.93) and lowest for VAT (men, r = 0.74, CCC = 0.68; women, r = 0.74, CCC = 0.34). DXA and MFBIA regional and total assessments were highly reliable (DXA, ICC 0.990–0.998) and (MFBIA, ICC 0.987–0.995). TBW by MFBIA and SFBIA showed moderate agreement (men, r = 0.73, bias, −1.89 ± 3.31; women, r = 0.82, bias, −1.74 ± 2.01). This MFBIA system was shown to have high retest reliability and, when compared to laboratory methods, provides a moderately accurate method for measuring TBW and body composition (except for VAT) in uncontrolled conditions.
{"title":"Real-world assessment of Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (MFBIA) for measuring body composition in healthy physically active populations","authors":"Adam W. Potter, Leigh C. Ward, Christopher L. Chapman, William J. Tharion, David P. Looney, Karl E. Friedl","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01664-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01664-4","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) methods offer reliable and moderately accurate estimates of body composition in tightly controlled conditions (prandial and hydration status, recent exercise, time of day). This study examined MFBIA reliability and validity in a real-world environment where these factors were not controlled. Regional and total body composition estimates by MFBIA (InBody 770) were compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 1000 healthy adults (667 men; 333 women), including fat mass (FM), percent body fat (%BF), fat-free mass (FFM), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). In subsets, reliability was determined from duplicate MFBIA and DXA obtained within 1 week, and total body water (TBW) was compared to single-frequency BIA (SFBIA). MFBIA demonstrated modest population-level agreement with DXA for total body FM (men, r = 0.93, bias −3.7 ± 2.6 kg; women, r = 0.96, bias, −1.9 ± 1.8 kg), %BF (men, r = 0.89, bias, −4.2 ± 3.0%; women, r = 0.92, bias, −2.8 ± 2.6%), and FFM (men, r = 0.95, bias, 3.4 ± 2.8 kg; women, r = 0.94, bias, 2.0 ± 2.2 kg). Regional correlations were highest for trunk FM (men, r = 0.92, CCC = 0.86; women r = 0.93, CCC = 0.93) and lowest for VAT (men, r = 0.74, CCC = 0.68; women, r = 0.74, CCC = 0.34). DXA and MFBIA regional and total assessments were highly reliable (DXA, ICC 0.990–0.998) and (MFBIA, ICC 0.987–0.995). TBW by MFBIA and SFBIA showed moderate agreement (men, r = 0.73, bias, −1.89 ± 3.31; women, r = 0.82, bias, −1.74 ± 2.01). This MFBIA system was shown to have high retest reliability and, when compared to laboratory methods, provides a moderately accurate method for measuring TBW and body composition (except for VAT) in uncontrolled conditions.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 12","pages":"1235-1244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01664-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-13DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01659-1
Sugandha Kehar, Surya Prakash Bhatt, Ravindra M. Pandey, Irshad Ahmad Ansari, Rajashekar Reddy Palavalli, Vimal Gupta, Anoop Misra
Mango consumption is often restricted in diet consumed by people with diabetes due to concerns about its glycemic impact. This study aimed to compare the glycemic effects of mango consumption with those of white bread and glucose in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). We conducted a two-phase study involving 95 participants (45 with T2D, 50 non-diabetic). Phase 1 employed oral tolerance test (OTT) to assess immediate glycemic responses to mango (Safeda, Dasheri, and Langra), bread, and glucose. Phase 2 utilized continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to evaluate glycemic profiles over three days. On OTT, in non-diabetic subjects, mango consumption resulted in non-significantly lower postprandial glucose peaks compared to glucose and bread, except Langra variety which showed lowest area under the curve for glucose of borderline significance. In subjects with T2D, mango varieties performed similarly to bread. CGM data revealed that mango consumption over three days resulted in a similar glycemic profile to bread in non-diabetic subjects and a lower glycemic profile in subjects with T2D, though most differences were statistically not significant. Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursion (MAGE) was significantly lower after mango ingestion as compared to bread in CGM data in subjects with T2D. Data show limited glycemic impact of tested mango varieties, comparable to or lower than white bread, especially in T2D subjects. The significant reduction in MAGE observed with mango consumption suggests potential benefits for glycemic variability. With portion control in calorie restrictive diets, mango may be suitable for people with T2D.
{"title":"Glycemic responses of three mango varieties in subjects with and without T2D: a pilot crossover study using OTT and CGM","authors":"Sugandha Kehar, Surya Prakash Bhatt, Ravindra M. Pandey, Irshad Ahmad Ansari, Rajashekar Reddy Palavalli, Vimal Gupta, Anoop Misra","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01659-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01659-1","url":null,"abstract":"Mango consumption is often restricted in diet consumed by people with diabetes due to concerns about its glycemic impact. This study aimed to compare the glycemic effects of mango consumption with those of white bread and glucose in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). We conducted a two-phase study involving 95 participants (45 with T2D, 50 non-diabetic). Phase 1 employed oral tolerance test (OTT) to assess immediate glycemic responses to mango (Safeda, Dasheri, and Langra), bread, and glucose. Phase 2 utilized continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to evaluate glycemic profiles over three days. On OTT, in non-diabetic subjects, mango consumption resulted in non-significantly lower postprandial glucose peaks compared to glucose and bread, except Langra variety which showed lowest area under the curve for glucose of borderline significance. In subjects with T2D, mango varieties performed similarly to bread. CGM data revealed that mango consumption over three days resulted in a similar glycemic profile to bread in non-diabetic subjects and a lower glycemic profile in subjects with T2D, though most differences were statistically not significant. Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursion (MAGE) was significantly lower after mango ingestion as compared to bread in CGM data in subjects with T2D. Data show limited glycemic impact of tested mango varieties, comparable to or lower than white bread, especially in T2D subjects. The significant reduction in MAGE observed with mango consumption suggests potential benefits for glycemic variability. With portion control in calorie restrictive diets, mango may be suitable for people with T2D.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 10","pages":"991-999"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarcopenia is highly prevalent and associated with poor outcomes in cirrhotic patients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of exercise, protein supplementation, and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation in treating cirrhotic sarcopenia. PubMed, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials of exercise, protein supplementation, and/or BCAA supplementation on improving at least one of the sarcopenia features: muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Differences in post- and pre-intervention changes between intervention and control arms were calculated as a standardized mean difference (SMD), with 95% confidence interval (CI). A network meta-analysis (NMA), component NMA, pairwise meta-analysis (PW-MA) of 23 trials comprising 1525 participants were performed. By NMA, combined exercise with protein and BCAA supplementations had the greatest effect on increasing muscle mass (SMD 2.12; 95%CI: 0.59–3.65). Exercise alone or with BCAA/protein supplementation also significantly increased muscle mass, but protein or BCAA supplementation alone did not increase muscle mass. By PW-MA, exercise significantly improved physical performance versus control (SMD 1.43; 95%CI: 0.63–2.17; p < 0.01; I² = 59%) and exercise plus protein supplementation was superior to protein alone (SMD 0.66; 95%CI: 0.26–1.06; p = 0.001; I² = 0%). In the systematic review of effects of BCAA supplementation on muscle strength, its impact was inconclusive. Exercise is the mainstay of sarcopenia treatment in cirrhosis and is most effective at improving muscle mass when combined with protein and BCAA supplementation. Nutritional supplementation alone does not enhance muscle mass. Further well-designed studies are needed to identify the most effective type of exercise.
肌肉减少症在肝硬化患者中非常普遍，并与预后不良相关。我们旨在评估运动、补充蛋白质和补充支链氨基酸（BCAA）治疗肝硬化肌肉减少症的疗效。PubMed、Embase、Scopus和Cochrane图书馆检索了运动、补充蛋白质和/或补充BCAA对改善肌肉减少症至少一项特征（肌肉质量、肌肉力量和身体表现）的随机对照试验。干预组和对照组之间干预后和干预前变化的差异以标准化平均差（SMD）计算，置信区间为95%。采用网络元分析（NMA）、成分元分析（component meta- ma）、两两元分析（PW-MA）共23项试验，共1525名受试者。通过NMA，运动结合蛋白质和BCAA补充对肌肉质量的增加效果最大（SMD 2.12; 95%CI: 0.59-3.65）。单独运动或补充BCAA/蛋白质也能显著增加肌肉质量，但单独补充蛋白质或BCAA并不能增加肌肉质量。通过PW-MA，与对照组相比，运动显著改善了身体机能(SMD 1.43; 95%CI: 0.63-2.17; p
{"title":"Exercise and nutrition interventions for sarcopenia in cirrhosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Sirinda Kittiprachakul, Soe Thiha Maung, Napalai Poorirerngpoom, Asadapong Srinawakul, Merint Numpaisarn, Thodsawit Tiyarattanachai, Nicha Somlaw, Onanong Kulaputana, Prooksa Ananchuensook, Jeerath Phannajit, Sarissa Rangkla, Roongruedee Chaiteerakij","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01642-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01642-w","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcopenia is highly prevalent and associated with poor outcomes in cirrhotic patients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of exercise, protein supplementation, and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation in treating cirrhotic sarcopenia. PubMed, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials of exercise, protein supplementation, and/or BCAA supplementation on improving at least one of the sarcopenia features: muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Differences in post- and pre-intervention changes between intervention and control arms were calculated as a standardized mean difference (SMD), with 95% confidence interval (CI). A network meta-analysis (NMA), component NMA, pairwise meta-analysis (PW-MA) of 23 trials comprising 1525 participants were performed. By NMA, combined exercise with protein and BCAA supplementations had the greatest effect on increasing muscle mass (SMD 2.12; 95%CI: 0.59–3.65). Exercise alone or with BCAA/protein supplementation also significantly increased muscle mass, but protein or BCAA supplementation alone did not increase muscle mass. By PW-MA, exercise significantly improved physical performance versus control (SMD 1.43; 95%CI: 0.63–2.17; p < 0.01; I² = 59%) and exercise plus protein supplementation was superior to protein alone (SMD 0.66; 95%CI: 0.26–1.06; p = 0.001; I² = 0%). In the systematic review of effects of BCAA supplementation on muscle strength, its impact was inconclusive. Exercise is the mainstay of sarcopenia treatment in cirrhosis and is most effective at improving muscle mass when combined with protein and BCAA supplementation. Nutritional supplementation alone does not enhance muscle mass. Further well-designed studies are needed to identify the most effective type of exercise.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1087-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01653-7
Cécile Gras, Victoria De Wit, Nacima Oussedik, Sylvie Daclin, Venceslas Bourdin, Delphine Callot, Ghiles Chegrani, Claire Rives-Lange, Laurent Chouchana
Although GLP-1 receptors analogues (RAs) benefits-risks profile has been largely documented in diabetes, higher dosages recently approved in obesity still require further assessment. We describe here the case of a 49-year-old female patient treated with semaglutide for obesity, who presented with Wernicke encephalopathy in a context of iterative vomiting and reduced food intake. Eighteen other cases of Wernicke encephalopathy were reported in literature and in the WHO global safety database (VigiBase). A context of nausea/vomiting or reduced food intake is described in 68% of cases, with weight loss ranging from −3.5 to −13.3 kg/month over 3 to 6 months. Disproportionality analysis in VigiBase showed that Wernicke encephalopathy was disproportionately reported with semaglutide, tirzepatide and the whole GLP-1RAs group. Altogether, this comprehensive analysis supports a safety signal regarding the risk of Wernicke encephalopathy with GLP-1RAs, which requires a prompt assessment, accounting for the growing use of these drugs.
{"title":"Semaglutide-induced Wernicke encephalopathy: a comprehensive analysis","authors":"Cécile Gras, Victoria De Wit, Nacima Oussedik, Sylvie Daclin, Venceslas Bourdin, Delphine Callot, Ghiles Chegrani, Claire Rives-Lange, Laurent Chouchana","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01653-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01653-7","url":null,"abstract":"Although GLP-1 receptors analogues (RAs) benefits-risks profile has been largely documented in diabetes, higher dosages recently approved in obesity still require further assessment. We describe here the case of a 49-year-old female patient treated with semaglutide for obesity, who presented with Wernicke encephalopathy in a context of iterative vomiting and reduced food intake. Eighteen other cases of Wernicke encephalopathy were reported in literature and in the WHO global safety database (VigiBase). A context of nausea/vomiting or reduced food intake is described in 68% of cases, with weight loss ranging from −3.5 to −13.3 kg/month over 3 to 6 months. Disproportionality analysis in VigiBase showed that Wernicke encephalopathy was disproportionately reported with semaglutide, tirzepatide and the whole GLP-1RAs group. Altogether, this comprehensive analysis supports a safety signal regarding the risk of Wernicke encephalopathy with GLP-1RAs, which requires a prompt assessment, accounting for the growing use of these drugs.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1160-1163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01657-3
Maoyuan Yang, Zengyao Wang, Ke Zhou, Siyi Ren, Yu Cao, Xinglin Jin, Mei Li, Xia Zhou, Guanghui Sui, Yating Ren, Yuyan Zhang, Mengru Chen, Yuyan Gao, Jie Sheng, Sufang Wang
It has been proven that periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation could prevent neural tube defects. However, FA supplementation during different stages of pregnancy and its association with the neurobehavioral development of offspring remains unclear, particularly the effects of continued FA supplementation during the second and third trimesters. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal FA supplementation at various stages of pregnancy and infant neurobehavioral development. In a prospective birth cohort study involving 3246 parent-child pairs, 2905 infants completed neurobehavioral development assessments at 6 months and 3005 infants at 18 months. Information regarding micronutrient supplementation at various stages of pregnancy was recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between FA supplementation and infant neurobehavioral developmental delays. In addition, propensity score analysis was performed to correct the potential imbalances in the distribution of related factors between the groups. During the periconceptional period, maternal standardized FA supplementation (taking 0.4 mg FA daily before and in early pregnancy, as officially recommended) was associated with a reduced risk of possible development delays in 18-month-old infants in the communication domain (RR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26–0.86; P = 0.015). After the 12th gestational week, maternal continuous FA supplementation in the second and third trimesters was significantly associated with a decreased risk of possible neurobehavioral development delay in 6-month-old infants in fine motor domain (RR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12–0.82; P = 0.019) and the problem-solving domain (RR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.79; P = 0.022). These associations remained significant after adjusting for confounders and propensity scores. FA supplementation at different stages of pregnancy may enhance neurobehavioral development in offspring. To confirm these findings, additional investigations or trials with larger sample sizes and consistent tracking of folate status throughout pregnancy are recommended.
背景：已证实围孕期补充叶酸（FA）可预防神经管缺损。然而，在怀孕的不同阶段补充FA及其与后代神经行为发育的关系尚不清楚，特别是在妊娠中期和晚期继续补充FA的影响。本研究旨在探讨孕期各阶段母体补充FA与婴儿神经行为发育之间的关系。方法：在一项涉及3246对亲子对的前瞻性出生队列研究中，2905名婴儿在6个月时完成了神经行为发育评估，3005名婴儿在18个月时完成了神经行为发育评估。记录了妊娠各阶段微量营养素补充情况。多变量逻辑回归用于评估补充FA与婴儿神经行为发育迟缓之间的关系。此外，还进行了倾向得分分析，以纠正组间相关因素分布的潜在不平衡。结果：在围孕期，母亲标准化补充FA（在怀孕前和怀孕早期，按照官方建议每天服用0.4 mg FA）与18个月大婴儿在沟通领域可能发生发育迟缓的风险降低相关（RR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26-0.86; P = 0.015）。在妊娠第12周后，母亲在妊娠中期和晚期持续补充FA与6个月大婴儿在精细运动领域（RR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12-0.82; P = 0.019）和问题解决领域（RR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05-0.79; P = 0.022）可能出现的神经行为发育延迟风险降低显著相关。在调整混杂因素和倾向得分后，这些关联仍然显著。结论：在妊娠不同阶段补充FA可促进子代神经行为发育。为了证实这些发现，建议进行更多的调查或试验，样本量更大，并在整个怀孕期间持续跟踪叶酸状态。
{"title":"Association between maternal folic acid supplementation in different pregnancy and infant neurobehavioral development at 6 and 18 months","authors":"Maoyuan Yang, Zengyao Wang, Ke Zhou, Siyi Ren, Yu Cao, Xinglin Jin, Mei Li, Xia Zhou, Guanghui Sui, Yating Ren, Yuyan Zhang, Mengru Chen, Yuyan Gao, Jie Sheng, Sufang Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01657-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01657-3","url":null,"abstract":"It has been proven that periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation could prevent neural tube defects. However, FA supplementation during different stages of pregnancy and its association with the neurobehavioral development of offspring remains unclear, particularly the effects of continued FA supplementation during the second and third trimesters. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal FA supplementation at various stages of pregnancy and infant neurobehavioral development. In a prospective birth cohort study involving 3246 parent-child pairs, 2905 infants completed neurobehavioral development assessments at 6 months and 3005 infants at 18 months. Information regarding micronutrient supplementation at various stages of pregnancy was recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between FA supplementation and infant neurobehavioral developmental delays. In addition, propensity score analysis was performed to correct the potential imbalances in the distribution of related factors between the groups. During the periconceptional period, maternal standardized FA supplementation (taking 0.4 mg FA daily before and in early pregnancy, as officially recommended) was associated with a reduced risk of possible development delays in 18-month-old infants in the communication domain (RR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26–0.86; P = 0.015). After the 12th gestational week, maternal continuous FA supplementation in the second and third trimesters was significantly associated with a decreased risk of possible neurobehavioral development delay in 6-month-old infants in fine motor domain (RR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12–0.82; P = 0.019) and the problem-solving domain (RR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.79; P = 0.022). These associations remained significant after adjusting for confounders and propensity scores. FA supplementation at different stages of pregnancy may enhance neurobehavioral development in offspring. To confirm these findings, additional investigations or trials with larger sample sizes and consistent tracking of folate status throughout pregnancy are recommended.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 1","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01656-4
Manana Zodeleva, Nino Pochkhua, Maria Sole Rossato, Eka Arziani
The development and implementation of new treatments for knee osteoarthritis in routine practice remains an unmet need. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a Cetylated Fatty Acids (CFA)-based dietary supplement in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent and difficult-to-treat condition. 60 patients (mean age: 66.0 ± 7.7 years, 85% female) with grade 3–4 knee osteoarthritis and a pain intensity of > 4 cm on the visual analog scale (VAS) were enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 1.5 g of oral CFA or a placebo for 60 days. The primary outcome was the change in pain intensity (VAS), secondary outcomes included changes in range of motion (ROM), in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the safety profile of the food supplement. After 60 days of CFA assumption, the mean reduction in pain intensity (VAS) was −1.7 cm (95% CI [−2.0, −1.4]), showing a statistically significant difference compared to placebo (−0.6 cm, 95% CI [−1.0, −0.2]; p < 0.005). The mean decrease in the WOMAC total score was also greater in the CFA group (−19.5 vs. −15.8), although the placebo-corrected effect was not statistically significant (−3.7, 95% CI [−8.3, 0.8]; p = 0.108). Observed improvements in flexion (3.8° [95% CI: 2.6, 5.0]) and external rotation (2.9° [95% CI: 2.1, 3.8]) were both statistically significant in favor of CFA (p ≤ 0.001) compared to placebo. Differences in extension and internal rotation were negligible. The safety profile of the investigational product resulted favorable, considering that only 4 out of 30 patients reported mild adverse events, and none withdrawn from the study due to adverse events. In patients with knee osteoarthritis, incorporating a CFA oral supplement into the treatment regimen provides superior efficacy in pain relief and range of motion improvement compared to placebo, while maintaining a favorable safety profile.
背景/目的：在常规实践中发展和实施膝骨关节炎的新治疗方法仍然是一个未满足的需求。本研究的目的是评估以Cetylated Fatty Acids （CFA）为基础的膳食补充剂对膝关节骨关节炎（OA）患者的疗效和安全性，OA是一种普遍且难以治疗的疾病。受试者/方法：60例（平均年龄：66.0±7.7岁，85%为女性）患有3-4级膝骨关节炎，视觉模拟评分（VAS）疼痛强度为bbb40cm，按1:1的比例随机分配，接受1.5 g口服CFA或安慰剂治疗60天。主要结果是疼痛强度（VAS）的变化，次要结果包括西安大略省和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数（WOMAC）的活动范围（ROM）的变化，以及食品补充剂的安全性。结果：CFA假设60天后，疼痛强度（VAS）平均降低-1.7 cm (95% CI[-2.0, -1.4])，与安慰剂（-0.6 cm, 95% CI[-1.0, -0.2]）相比，具有统计学意义；p结论：在膝关节骨关节炎患者中，与安慰剂相比，将CFA口服补充剂纳入治疗方案在疼痛缓解和活动范围改善方面具有优越的疗效，同时保持良好的安全性。
{"title":"Effects of orally administered cetylated fatty acids on symptoms and functional capacity in patients with knee osteoarthritis: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","authors":"Manana Zodeleva, Nino Pochkhua, Maria Sole Rossato, Eka Arziani","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01656-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01656-4","url":null,"abstract":"The development and implementation of new treatments for knee osteoarthritis in routine practice remains an unmet need. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a Cetylated Fatty Acids (CFA)-based dietary supplement in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent and difficult-to-treat condition. 60 patients (mean age: 66.0 ± 7.7 years, 85% female) with grade 3–4 knee osteoarthritis and a pain intensity of > 4 cm on the visual analog scale (VAS) were enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 1.5 g of oral CFA or a placebo for 60 days. The primary outcome was the change in pain intensity (VAS), secondary outcomes included changes in range of motion (ROM), in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the safety profile of the food supplement. After 60 days of CFA assumption, the mean reduction in pain intensity (VAS) was −1.7 cm (95% CI [−2.0, −1.4]), showing a statistically significant difference compared to placebo (−0.6 cm, 95% CI [−1.0, −0.2]; p < 0.005). The mean decrease in the WOMAC total score was also greater in the CFA group (−19.5 vs. −15.8), although the placebo-corrected effect was not statistically significant (−3.7, 95% CI [−8.3, 0.8]; p = 0.108). Observed improvements in flexion (3.8° [95% CI: 2.6, 5.0]) and external rotation (2.9° [95% CI: 2.1, 3.8]) were both statistically significant in favor of CFA (p ≤ 0.001) compared to placebo. Differences in extension and internal rotation were negligible. The safety profile of the investigational product resulted favorable, considering that only 4 out of 30 patients reported mild adverse events, and none withdrawn from the study due to adverse events. In patients with knee osteoarthritis, incorporating a CFA oral supplement into the treatment regimen provides superior efficacy in pain relief and range of motion improvement compared to placebo, while maintaining a favorable safety profile.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1138-1143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01656-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144947490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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