European Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

Objective: Bariatric surgery remains the most effective treatment to achieve substantial weight loss; however, total daily energy expenditure and physical activity changes in response to such interventions have been seldom explored.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) using doubly labeled water and physical activity (SenseWear armband) was assessed in 17 females (mean ± SD: 48.6 ± 9.7 kg/m2, 43 ± 12 years) at baseline and 8 and 52 weeks following either bariatric surgery (BSG, N = 9) or a low-calorie diet (LCD, N = 8). Energy intake was assessed using the intake-balance method.

Results: After 8 weeks, weight loss was 16.0 ± 3.5 kg and TDEE decreased by 552 ± 319 kcal/d in BSG (P < 0.001) compared to 8.8 ± 3.4 kg and 256 ± 239 kcal/d in LCD (P < 0.05). After 52 weeks, weight loss was 44.3 ± 16.4 kg and TDEE decreased by 583 ± 418 kcal/d (P < 0.001), compared to 4.3 ± 6.7 kg and 84 ± 285 kcal/d in LCD (P > 0.05). TDEE was lower than predicted in BSG at 8 (P = 0.03) but not 52 weeks (P = 0.77). There was no evidence of metabolic adaptation in LCD. Average daily energy intake in BSG was 1403 ± 245 kcal/d compared to 2545 ± 398 kcal/d in LCD (P < 0.001). In BSG, step count and physical activity minutes were increased at 52 weeks compared to baseline (P = 0.03), whereas no significant changes were observed in LCD.

Conclusion: Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss decreased TDEE at 8 weeks and 1 year, resulting in metabolic adaptation after 8 weeks that was reversed at 1 year. These changes were accompanied by an increase in physical activity.

Background/aim: The genetic polymorphism of haptoglobin (Hp) has been associated with several cardiovascular risk factors, but a possible relationship between Hp phenotypic variation and increased levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cy) is still unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the Hp polymorphism and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and hypercysteinemia (HCy) in type 2 diabetics (T2D) with and without angiopathy (AGP).

Methods: A case-control study was carried out on 293 adults: Group I (GI) - 75 subjects with T2D and AGP; Group II (GII) - 75 subjects with T2D without AGP; Group III (GIII) - 143 controls. Plasma levels of Hcy, Cy and vitamin B₆ were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and vitamins B₉ and B₁₂ determined by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). The Hp polymorphism was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and peroxidase staining. The results were analyzed in SPSS®, version 26.0 with a significance of 95%.

Results: Mean Hcy concentrations were significantly lower in carriers of the Hp2-2 phenotype (6.14 µM; p = 0.046) compared to the other genotypes. The presence of Hp2-1 is associated with an approximately 3.3 times greater probability of occurrence of HHcy (p = 0.015) and 3.7 times greater probability occurrence of HCy (p = 0.021) in T2D with AGP.

Conclusion: The presence of the Hp2-1 phenotype is associated with the predisposition of HHcy and HCy in individuals with T2D and AGP, possibly through a positive heterosis mechanism. Carriers of the Hp2-2 phenotype appear to have a greater activation of the transsulfuration pathway in the Hcy cycle and consequent protection for its accumulation.

The relationship between dietary inflammation index (DII) and the risk of hypertension is inconsistent across published epidemiological studies. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship between DII score and the risk of hypertension. A systematic search for relevant studies was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases until January 9, 2024. After data extraction, the summarized relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using the Der Simonian and Laird random effect model, and dose-response analyses were performed using restricted cubic splines. A total of six studies with 120,294 participants and 36,725 cases of hypertension were included. The pooled relative risk (RR) for hypertension risk was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.26) for the highest DII score compared with the lowest, and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.18) for higher DII score compared with the lower. The dose-response meta-analysis further demonstrated a positive association between elevated DII scores and hypertension risk. For each one-unit increase in the DII score, the incidence of hypertension increased by 4% (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.07). Pro-inflammation dietary increases the risk of hypertension. Therefore, reducing pro-inflammatory components in the diet may be beneficial for the prevention and control of hypertension.

Background and objective: Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, are hot topics of research and have been shown to improve the body's disease state and promote health. Analysis of whether infant formula containing probiotcs, prebiotics, synbiotics is beneficial to infant and child growth.

Methods: We systematically searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Embase) to identify eligible studies published from 1966 to December 25, 2022. Included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying the influence of milk powder containing probiotcs, prebiotics, synbiotics on infants and children's growth. RevMan 5.4 was used to analyze the data.

Results: A total of 55 RCTs with a total sample size of 8868 participants met the inclusion criteria. Milk powder with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics does not significantly improve the growth of infants and children (Weight, height, BMI, and Head Circumference); The incidence of minor adverse events (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.70-1.11 P = 0.28) and serious adverse events (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.62-1.36 P = 0.67) was also comparable to the control group; The intestinal microbial diversity of infants consuming probiotcs, prebiotics, synbiotics supplemented formula was lower than that of infants consuming formula without probiotcs, prebiotics, synbiotics (SMD -0.88, 95% CI -1.66- -0.1 P = 0.03), but the abundance of individual beneficial flora was increased. (SMD 1.62, 95%CI 0.61-2.62 P = 0.002). In particular, the abundance of Lactobacillus (SMD 1.62, 95% CI 0.61-2.62 P = 0.002). For metabolites, synbiotics increased fecal antibody concentrations (SMD 0.47, 95% CI 0.08-0.86 P = 0.02), but fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations remained balanced in both groups (SMD 0.05 95% CI -0.17-0.28 P = 0.64). Compared to the control group, infants who consumed formula with prebiotics had softer stools (SMD -1.47, 95% CI -2.23 to -0.7 P = 0.002) and lower stool pH (SMD -0.82, 95% CI -1.15- -0.5 P < 0.00001), there is also more frequency of bowel movements (SMD 0.27, 95% CI 0.09-0.44 P = 0.002).

Conclusions: Probiotcs, prebiotics, synbiotics supplemented formulas significantly increased abundance of individual probiotics, alter intestinal antibody secretion, and improve bowel movements. Incidence of adverse reactions did not differ between the two groups. So we can choose formula-supplemented probiotcs, prebiotics, synbiotics to maintain the intestinal health of infants.

Objectives: There is increasing evidence that gut metabolites have a role in the etiology of obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) supplementation on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), PPAR-α, and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) genes, as well as on the metabolic parameters and anthropometric indices in persons with obesity.

Methods: In this triple-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 50 individuals with obesity were randomly assigned to NaB (600 mg/day) + hypo-caloric diet or placebo group + hypo-caloric diet for 8 weeks. The study measured the participants' anthropometric characteristics, food consumption, and feelings of hunger in addition to the serum levels of metabolic indices and the mRNA expression of the PGC-1α, PPAR-α, and UCP-1 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Results: PGC-1α and UCP-1 genes expression significantly increased in NaB group compared to the placebo at the endpoint. A significant decrease in weight, BMI, and waist circumference (WC) was observed in NaB group. Among the metabolic factors, NaB significantly decreased fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P = 0.04), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.038) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.016). NaB could not significantly change serum GLP-1 level.

Conclusions: This study unveiled NaB supplementation alone cannot have significant beneficial effects on anthropometric, and biochemical factors. NaB could affect anthropometric and metabolic risk variables associated with obesity only when prescribed, along with calorie restriction.

Clinical trial registration: This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( https://en.irct.ir/trial/53968 ) on 31 January 2021 (registry number IRCT20190303042905N2).

Background/objectives: Sarcopenia has known negative effects on clinical and oncological outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The use of the Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls (SARC-F) questionnaire to determine the effects of sarcopenia on postoperative complications of CRC has not been reported to date. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship of SARC-F score with clinicopathologic outcomes after CRC surgery.

Subjects/methods: We retrospectively included 285 patients who completed SARC-F questionnaires before CRC surgery between July 2019 and March 2022. Patients with an SARC-F score ≥4 (total score: 10) were classified in the high SARC-F group.

Results: Overall, 34 (11.9%) patients had high SARC-F scores. These patients were older (76.9 ± 8.5 vs. 64.5 ± 11.4 years, p < 0.001) and had a higher preoperative CRP (2.5 ± 3.9 vs. 0.8 ± 1.6 mg/L, p = 0.019), lower body mass index (21.7 ± 3.4 vs. 24.0 ± 3.8 kg/m², p = 0.001), and higher pan-immune-inflammation value (632.3 ± 615.5 vs. 388.9 ± 413.8, p = 0.031). More postoperative complications were noted in the high SARC-F group than in the low SARC-F group (58.8% vs. 35.6%, p = 0.009). High SARC-F scores were significantly associated with higher nodal stage, higher number of harvested lymph nodes, and larger tumor size. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed high SARC-F score and operation time as independent risk factors associated with postoperative complications (odds ratio, 2.212/1.922; 95% confidence interval, 1.021-4.792/1.163-3.175; p = 0.044/0.011, respectively).

Conclusions: Preoperative SARC-F score was an independent risk factor associated with postoperative complications following colorectal cancer surgery.

Background: The purpose of this article is to discuss the relationship between the therapeutic bioactivity of basidial fungal polysaccharides (BFPs) BFPs and their structural characteristics and conformational features, as well as to characterize the mechanisms of action of BFPs in diseases of various origins.

Methods: The review was conducted using the PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science and the Russian Science Citation Index databases. 8645 records were identified, of which 5250 were studies (86 were randomized controlled trials). The period covered is from 1960 to the present. The most significant studies conducted mainly in Southeast Asian countries were selected for the review.

Results: Based on clinical studies, as well as the results obtained on in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo models, it has been proven that BFPs have diverse and highly effective biological activity in the human body in various diseases. The production of BFPs-based vaccines is an innovative strategy from a clinical and biochemical point of view, since as potential immunoprotective and low-toxic biopolymers they have innate immune receptors in the body. Promising results have been obtained in the development of antidiabetic drugs, probiotic, renoprotective and neurodegenerative dietary supplements.

Conclusions: The biological activity, mechanism of action and specific therapeutic effect of BFPs largely depend on their structural and physicochemical characteristics. BFPs as multifunctional macromolecular complexes with low toxicity and high safety are ideal as new powerful pharmaceuticals for the treatment and prevention of many diseases.