Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01675-1
Akiko Uchizawa, Jennifer L. Miles-Chan
{"title":"Practical applications and challenges of bioelectrical impedance when strict standardization of measurement conditions is not feasible","authors":"Akiko Uchizawa, Jennifer L. Miles-Chan","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01675-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01675-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 12","pages":"1233-1234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145444234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01673-3
Ali Farajbakhsh, Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi, Mohsen Mazidi, Peyman Rezaie, Marzieh Akbarzadeh, Saeedeh Poor Ahmad, G. A. Ferns, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Siavash Babajafari
{"title":"Retraction Note: Sesame oil and vitamin E co-administration may improve cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial","authors":"Ali Farajbakhsh, Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi, Mohsen Mazidi, Peyman Rezaie, Marzieh Akbarzadeh, Saeedeh Poor Ahmad, G. A. Ferns, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Siavash Babajafari","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01673-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01673-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 12","pages":"1246-1246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01673-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145388225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baby-led weaning (BLW), emphasizing self-feeding age-appropriate foods, differs from Traditional Weaning (TW) and Combination Weaning (CW). These methods influence dietary intake and growth, yet CW remains underexplored. This study examines the association of BLW, TW, and CW on energy, macronutrient, and iron intake, and their role in supporting age-appropriate growth. A 6-month prospective cohort study examined dietary intake and growth patterns in 124 infants aged 6–12 months. Feeding practices were assessed monthly using an infant-specific Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and growth was monitored using the Center for Disease Control (CDC) growth percentiles. Nutritional intake was compared to recommended values, and multiple linear regression was used to evaluate associations between feeding method and both calorie and iron intake, adjusting for infant and maternal characteristics. Compared to TW, BLW was associated with significantly lower calorie and iron intake, while CW was also associated with lower iron intake. Calorie intake increased with infant age but decreased with higher maternal age. Growth percentiles were highest in CW infants, elevated in TW, and slightly lower in BLW. Weaning method significantly influences nutrient intake and growth trajectories. While CW was associated with optimal growth patterns, it was also linked to lower iron intake compared to traditional weaning. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring nutritional guidance to support adequacy across feeding approaches.
{"title":"Association between feeding practices and infants’ nutritional intake: a 6-month prospective cohort study","authors":"Myriam Tabangi, Rachel Abdo, Mehmet Akif Karaman, Roula Barake, Sahar Nakhl","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01671-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01671-5","url":null,"abstract":"Baby-led weaning (BLW), emphasizing self-feeding age-appropriate foods, differs from Traditional Weaning (TW) and Combination Weaning (CW). These methods influence dietary intake and growth, yet CW remains underexplored. This study examines the association of BLW, TW, and CW on energy, macronutrient, and iron intake, and their role in supporting age-appropriate growth. A 6-month prospective cohort study examined dietary intake and growth patterns in 124 infants aged 6–12 months. Feeding practices were assessed monthly using an infant-specific Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and growth was monitored using the Center for Disease Control (CDC) growth percentiles. Nutritional intake was compared to recommended values, and multiple linear regression was used to evaluate associations between feeding method and both calorie and iron intake, adjusting for infant and maternal characteristics. Compared to TW, BLW was associated with significantly lower calorie and iron intake, while CW was also associated with lower iron intake. Calorie intake increased with infant age but decreased with higher maternal age. Growth percentiles were highest in CW infants, elevated in TW, and slightly lower in BLW. Weaning method significantly influences nutrient intake and growth trajectories. While CW was associated with optimal growth patterns, it was also linked to lower iron intake compared to traditional weaning. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring nutritional guidance to support adequacy across feeding approaches.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 1","pages":"28-36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145388169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01670-6
Wesley Li Wen Tay, Rina Yu Chin Quek, Joseph Lim, Bhupinder Kaur, Shalini Ponnalagu, Darel Wee Kiat Toh, Melvin Khee Shing Leow, Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
Current methods for assessing nutrition are often resource-intensive, requiring significant time, financial investment, and specialized equipment alongside clinical expertise. This research introduces an innovative approach that emphasizes accessible, scalable, and efficient digital solutions by leveraging facial morphometrics and machine learning to predict essential nutritional indicators. The cross-sectional observational study involved 71 free-living Chinese adults (30 males, 41 females) aged 50–85. Utilizing widely accessible smartphone technology, 3D facial scans were employed to forecast nutritional metrics. The predictive performance of two machine-learning models, Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), was evaluated through ten-fold stratified cross-validation. The RF model outperformed the XGB model, showing high predictive accuracy (median r² 0.51 to 0.92) for six parameters: muscle mass, basal metabolic rate (BMR), visceral fat index, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, total body fat percentage, and hand grip strength. The highest predictive accuracy was found in muscle mass (r² = 0.92) and BMR (r² = 0.88) indicating strong correlations. This non-invasive, economical technology presents a scalable approach to nutritional assessment with notable benefits for public health. The precise prediction of muscle mass and BMR facilitates efficient community-based screenings for undernutrition and frailty among older adults, while analysing body fat percentage aids in identifying overnutrition and related health risks. This digital approach shows significant potential for enhancing health outcomes on a population level through early detection and intervention.
{"title":"Real-time and digital remote nutritional assessment framework with the use of smartphone-enabled facial morphometrics and machine learning— a proof of concept","authors":"Wesley Li Wen Tay, Rina Yu Chin Quek, Joseph Lim, Bhupinder Kaur, Shalini Ponnalagu, Darel Wee Kiat Toh, Melvin Khee Shing Leow, Christiani Jeyakumar Henry","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01670-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01670-6","url":null,"abstract":"Current methods for assessing nutrition are often resource-intensive, requiring significant time, financial investment, and specialized equipment alongside clinical expertise. This research introduces an innovative approach that emphasizes accessible, scalable, and efficient digital solutions by leveraging facial morphometrics and machine learning to predict essential nutritional indicators. The cross-sectional observational study involved 71 free-living Chinese adults (30 males, 41 females) aged 50–85. Utilizing widely accessible smartphone technology, 3D facial scans were employed to forecast nutritional metrics. The predictive performance of two machine-learning models, Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), was evaluated through ten-fold stratified cross-validation. The RF model outperformed the XGB model, showing high predictive accuracy (median r² 0.51 to 0.92) for six parameters: muscle mass, basal metabolic rate (BMR), visceral fat index, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, total body fat percentage, and hand grip strength. The highest predictive accuracy was found in muscle mass (r² = 0.92) and BMR (r² = 0.88) indicating strong correlations. This non-invasive, economical technology presents a scalable approach to nutritional assessment with notable benefits for public health. The precise prediction of muscle mass and BMR facilitates efficient community-based screenings for undernutrition and frailty among older adults, while analysing body fat percentage aids in identifying overnutrition and related health risks. This digital approach shows significant potential for enhancing health outcomes on a population level through early detection and intervention.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 1","pages":"104-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145312695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01662-6
S. Nel, U. D. Feucht, T. Botha, M. Arashi, F. A. M. Wenhold
This study characterises first-year growth patterns in a historical preterm infant cohort, and investigates associated early-life factors and 1-year anthropometry. We analysed 322 South African preterm infants’ (mean 32.8 ± 2.4 weeks gestation) 1-year clinic records after kangaroo mother care discharge. Latent class trajectory modelling identified patterns of weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ), and head circumference-for-age (HCZ) z-scores (Fenton 2013 Growth Chart; WHO Growth Standards, age-corrected). Z-score patterns were characterised as maintenance, faltering (progressively decreasing), gain (progressively increasing) or catch-up (rapidly increasing, exceeding birth z-score). Ordinal regression analysis investigated associations of early-life maternal/infant factors, birth weight, and early (until 50 weeks postmenstrual age) WAZ gain with growth patterns. One-year stunting (LAZ < -2), wasting (WLZ < -2) and overweight (body mass index-for-age z-score > +2) were compared. Best-fit models identified three WAZ and LAZ patterns (gradual gain, faltering, catch-up), three WLZ patterns (maintenance, faltering, catch-up) and two HCZ patterns (maintenance, gain). Most infants displayed maintenance, gradual gain or catch-up. Lower birth weight z-score (BWZ) was associated with LAZ catch-up (OR:8.33 (3.13–20.00)), WLZ faltering (OR:2.94 (1.69–5.00)) HCZ gain (OR:1.92 (1.23–3.13)), but lower odds of gradual WAZ gain (OR:0.36 (0.19–0.68)) and WAZ faltering (OR:0.56 (0.34–0.92)). Smaller early WAZ gains were associated with gradual WAZ gain (OR:2.27 (1.56–3.33)), WAZ faltering (OR:1.47 (1.11,1.96)), LAZ catch-up (OR:1.85 (1.25–2.70)), and LAZ faltering (OR:1.39 (1.09–1.75)). WAZ and WLZ faltering were both associated (p < 0.001) with 1-year stunting (45.5%, 23.5%) and wasting (21.8%, 10.3%). Most preterm infants had appropriate first-year growth. Lower BWZ was associated with WAZ and LAZ catch-up but WLZ faltering, and sub-optimal early WAZ growth with growth faltering.
{"title":"First-year growth patterns of preterm infants receiving kangaroo mother care: associations with early life factors and 1-year anthropometry","authors":"S. Nel, U. D. Feucht, T. Botha, M. Arashi, F. A. M. Wenhold","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01662-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01662-6","url":null,"abstract":"This study characterises first-year growth patterns in a historical preterm infant cohort, and investigates associated early-life factors and 1-year anthropometry. We analysed 322 South African preterm infants’ (mean 32.8 ± 2.4 weeks gestation) 1-year clinic records after kangaroo mother care discharge. Latent class trajectory modelling identified patterns of weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ), and head circumference-for-age (HCZ) z-scores (Fenton 2013 Growth Chart; WHO Growth Standards, age-corrected). Z-score patterns were characterised as maintenance, faltering (progressively decreasing), gain (progressively increasing) or catch-up (rapidly increasing, exceeding birth z-score). Ordinal regression analysis investigated associations of early-life maternal/infant factors, birth weight, and early (until 50 weeks postmenstrual age) WAZ gain with growth patterns. One-year stunting (LAZ < -2), wasting (WLZ < -2) and overweight (body mass index-for-age z-score > +2) were compared. Best-fit models identified three WAZ and LAZ patterns (gradual gain, faltering, catch-up), three WLZ patterns (maintenance, faltering, catch-up) and two HCZ patterns (maintenance, gain). Most infants displayed maintenance, gradual gain or catch-up. Lower birth weight z-score (BWZ) was associated with LAZ catch-up (OR:8.33 (3.13–20.00)), WLZ faltering (OR:2.94 (1.69–5.00)) HCZ gain (OR:1.92 (1.23–3.13)), but lower odds of gradual WAZ gain (OR:0.36 (0.19–0.68)) and WAZ faltering (OR:0.56 (0.34–0.92)). Smaller early WAZ gains were associated with gradual WAZ gain (OR:2.27 (1.56–3.33)), WAZ faltering (OR:1.47 (1.11,1.96)), LAZ catch-up (OR:1.85 (1.25–2.70)), and LAZ faltering (OR:1.39 (1.09–1.75)). WAZ and WLZ faltering were both associated (p < 0.001) with 1-year stunting (45.5%, 23.5%) and wasting (21.8%, 10.3%). Most preterm infants had appropriate first-year growth. Lower BWZ was associated with WAZ and LAZ catch-up but WLZ faltering, and sub-optimal early WAZ growth with growth faltering.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 1","pages":"62-72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01662-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01668-0
Janelle A. Skinner, Mark Leary, Megan Whatnall, Tracy L. Burrows
The field of food addiction research is rapidly progressing, with the emergence of a range of treatment studies. These have taken a variety of formats and approaches, given the clustering of food addiction with other health conditions, namely increased weight and mental disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety, PTSD, binge eating disorder). The food addiction treatment field comprises numerous systematic reviews synthesizing research from self-help groups, psychosocial interventions, lifestyle management, pharmacology, supplements, bariatric surgery, disordered eating, substance use and harm minimization approaches. Arising treatment approaches should consider the existing evidence base, and lessons learned in order to advance the field. High quality publications, studies statistically powered for change, using evidence-based strategies and behaviour change theories, and the involvement of individuals with lived experience to develop and refine interventions are needed to propel the field forward. Using reporting checklists to describe complex interventions [e.g. TIDieR framework (Template for Intervention Description and Replication)] will also be beneficial to inform future research studies, allowing replication and modification as required, and implementation into clinical practice. This perspective discusses existing knowledge in the area of treatment approaches for food addiction.
{"title":"Evidence to action: a perspective on treatment approaches for food addiction","authors":"Janelle A. Skinner, Mark Leary, Megan Whatnall, Tracy L. Burrows","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01668-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01668-0","url":null,"abstract":"The field of food addiction research is rapidly progressing, with the emergence of a range of treatment studies. These have taken a variety of formats and approaches, given the clustering of food addiction with other health conditions, namely increased weight and mental disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety, PTSD, binge eating disorder). The food addiction treatment field comprises numerous systematic reviews synthesizing research from self-help groups, psychosocial interventions, lifestyle management, pharmacology, supplements, bariatric surgery, disordered eating, substance use and harm minimization approaches. Arising treatment approaches should consider the existing evidence base, and lessons learned in order to advance the field. High quality publications, studies statistically powered for change, using evidence-based strategies and behaviour change theories, and the involvement of individuals with lived experience to develop and refine interventions are needed to propel the field forward. Using reporting checklists to describe complex interventions [e.g. TIDieR framework (Template for Intervention Description and Replication)] will also be beneficial to inform future research studies, allowing replication and modification as required, and implementation into clinical practice. This perspective discusses existing knowledge in the area of treatment approaches for food addiction.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1069-1072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01669-z
Zijun Zhou, Jianping Zhou
Enteral and parenteral nutrition are two primary methods of nutritional support in clinical settings. Their administration modes-continuous or intermittent-have garnered increasing attention in recent research. Continuous enteral and parenteral nutrition provide steady metabolic support over extended periods, particularly beneficial for critically ill patients or those with high nutritional demands. Conversely, intermittent feeding, delivered at scheduled intervals, simulates natural eating patterns and may offer advantages in gastrointestinal function and metabolic regulation. Recent studies indicate notable differences between continuous and intermittent feeding in perioperative patients, especially regarding metabolic control, gastrointestinal tolerance, immune function, and postoperative complications. Continuous feeding simplifies clinical management through stable nutrient delivery but may increase the risks of metabolic overload, liver dysfunction, and gastrointestinal intolerance. In contrast, intermittent feeding promotes recovery of gastrointestinal function and potentially reduces the risk of infections and other postoperative complications. This review aims to assess the clinical outcomes of continuous versus intermittent enteral and parenteral nutrition in perioperative patients, with a primary focus on gastrointestinal surgery populations (where gut-specific mechanisms are most critical). By evaluating these feeding strategies in terms of postoperative complications, recovery, metabolic regulation, and quality of life, we seek to provide evidence-based recommendations for optimizing perioperative nutritional care and improving patient outcomes.
{"title":"Intermittent vs. continuous: a comparative narrative review of enteral and parenteral nutrition support strategies in the perioperative setting.","authors":"Zijun Zhou, Jianping Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01669-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01669-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enteral and parenteral nutrition are two primary methods of nutritional support in clinical settings. Their administration modes-continuous or intermittent-have garnered increasing attention in recent research. Continuous enteral and parenteral nutrition provide steady metabolic support over extended periods, particularly beneficial for critically ill patients or those with high nutritional demands. Conversely, intermittent feeding, delivered at scheduled intervals, simulates natural eating patterns and may offer advantages in gastrointestinal function and metabolic regulation. Recent studies indicate notable differences between continuous and intermittent feeding in perioperative patients, especially regarding metabolic control, gastrointestinal tolerance, immune function, and postoperative complications. Continuous feeding simplifies clinical management through stable nutrient delivery but may increase the risks of metabolic overload, liver dysfunction, and gastrointestinal intolerance. In contrast, intermittent feeding promotes recovery of gastrointestinal function and potentially reduces the risk of infections and other postoperative complications. This review aims to assess the clinical outcomes of continuous versus intermittent enteral and parenteral nutrition in perioperative patients, with a primary focus on gastrointestinal surgery populations (where gut-specific mechanisms are most critical). By evaluating these feeding strategies in terms of postoperative complications, recovery, metabolic regulation, and quality of life, we seek to provide evidence-based recommendations for optimizing perioperative nutritional care and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01666-2
Christina Sonne Mogensen, Christian Mølgaard, Faidon Magkos, Nina Rica Wium Geiker, Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Charlotta Granström, Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson, Sjurdur Frodi Olsen
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with offspring obesity. Moreover, maternal dietary patterns, particularly protein intake and glycemic index, influence GWG and fetal development. This study aimed to investigate the association of a high-protein, low-glycemic-index (HPLGI) diet during pregnancy with offspring growth and obesity. Using observational data from the Danish National Birth Cohort, a target trial emulation was conducted to investigate the association of an HPLGI diet during pregnancy on offspring growth up to 18 years of age. A cohort of 17,551 women who met the inclusion criteria was categorized into exposure groups based on their protein intake and glycemic index to emulate the groups in the APPROACH trial. Maternal characteristics varied between the exposure groups, with the HPLGI women exhibiting 1.67 kg higher pre-pregnancy weight and 0.49 kg/m2 BMI, with no differences in GWG. Offspring outcomes were assessed at various ages, and a linear mixed model was used, including potential confounders. Offspring born to women following an HPLGI diet during pregnancy had 2.59 kg higher body weight and 0.72 kg/m2 higher BMI at 18 years compared to those from the moderate-protein, moderate-glycemic-index (MPMGI) group. An HPLGI diet during pregnancy was associated with higher offspring body weight and BMI at 18 years of age compared to an MPMGI diet. These findings suggest that maternal dietary composition during pregnancy may have long-term implications for offspring growth and obesity risk, underscoring the importance of evaluating dietary recommendations during pregnancy.
{"title":"Association of a high-protein and low-glycemic-index diet during pregnancy with offspring growth and obesity until the age of 18 years – a target trial emulation","authors":"Christina Sonne Mogensen, Christian Mølgaard, Faidon Magkos, Nina Rica Wium Geiker, Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Charlotta Granström, Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson, Sjurdur Frodi Olsen","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01666-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01666-2","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with offspring obesity. Moreover, maternal dietary patterns, particularly protein intake and glycemic index, influence GWG and fetal development. This study aimed to investigate the association of a high-protein, low-glycemic-index (HPLGI) diet during pregnancy with offspring growth and obesity. Using observational data from the Danish National Birth Cohort, a target trial emulation was conducted to investigate the association of an HPLGI diet during pregnancy on offspring growth up to 18 years of age. A cohort of 17,551 women who met the inclusion criteria was categorized into exposure groups based on their protein intake and glycemic index to emulate the groups in the APPROACH trial. Maternal characteristics varied between the exposure groups, with the HPLGI women exhibiting 1.67 kg higher pre-pregnancy weight and 0.49 kg/m2 BMI, with no differences in GWG. Offspring outcomes were assessed at various ages, and a linear mixed model was used, including potential confounders. Offspring born to women following an HPLGI diet during pregnancy had 2.59 kg higher body weight and 0.72 kg/m2 higher BMI at 18 years compared to those from the moderate-protein, moderate-glycemic-index (MPMGI) group. An HPLGI diet during pregnancy was associated with higher offspring body weight and BMI at 18 years of age compared to an MPMGI diet. These findings suggest that maternal dietary composition during pregnancy may have long-term implications for offspring growth and obesity risk, underscoring the importance of evaluating dietary recommendations during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1121-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01666-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01663-5
Rie Kishida, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Koutatsu Maruyama, Ai Ikeda, Mizuki Sata, Mari Tanaka, Chika Okada, Yasuhiko Kubota, Mina Hayama-Terada, Yuji Shimizu, Isao Muraki, Mitsumasa Umesawa, Hironori Imano, Tomoko Sankai, Takeo Okada, Akihiko Kitamura, Masahiko Kiyama, Hiroyasu Iso
Low intake of B vitamins may increase dementia; However, epidemiological evidence, particularly for riboflavin (vitamin B₂), remains sparse. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary intakes of B vitamins (riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate) and the incidence of disabling dementia necessitating care under Japan’s national insurance over a 15-year observation period. As part of the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study, a prospective study involving a community-based cohort of 4171 Japanese individuals aged 40–69 years was conducted. Dietary intakes of B vitamins were estimated through a single 24-h dietary recall method. Disabling dementia was defined by the daily living disability status related to dementia based on the long-term care insurance system of Japan. Hazard ratios of disabling dementia were estimated using area-stratified Cox proportional hazard models. Over a median follow-up of 15.4 years, 887 cases of disabling dementia were identified. Riboflavin intake was inversely associated with the risk of disabling dementia; the multivariable hazard ratio for the highest versus lowest quartiles was 0.51 (95% CI 0.42–0.63; P for trend <0.001). A similar inverse association was observed for vitamin B6 and folate intakes, with multivariable hazard ratios of 0.80 (0.66–0.97; P for trend = 0.01) and 0.79 (0.65–0.96; P for trend <0.001), respectively. Our findings suggest that dietary intake of B vitamins, especially riboflavin, vitamin B6, and folate, is associated with a reduced risk of disabling dementia in Japanese individuals.
背景/目的：低摄入B族维生素可能会增加痴呆；然而，流行病学证据，特别是核黄素（维生素b2）的证据仍然很少。这项研究旨在研究饮食中B族维生素（核黄素、维生素B6、维生素B12和叶酸）的摄入量与致残性痴呆的发病率之间的关系，这需要在日本国民保险下进行为期15年的观察。方法：作为社区循环风险研究的一部分，对4171名年龄在40-69岁之间的日本人进行了一项前瞻性研究。通过单一的24小时饮食回忆法估计膳食中B族维生素的摄入量。失能性痴呆是根据日本长期护理保险制度对与痴呆相关的日常生活残疾状态进行界定的。使用区域分层Cox比例风险模型估计致残性痴呆的风险比。结果：在15.4年的中位随访中，确定了887例失能性痴呆。核黄素摄入量与失能性痴呆的风险呈负相关；最高和最低四分位数的多变量风险比为0.51 (95% CI 0.42-0.63； P为趋势6和叶酸摄入量，多变量风险比为0.80 （0.66-0.97；P为趋势= 0.01）和0.79 （0.65-0.96；P为趋势）结论：我们的研究结果表明，饮食中摄入B族维生素，特别是核黄素、维生素B6和叶酸，与降低日本个体致残性痴呆的风险有关。
{"title":"Dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and riboflavin and the risk of incident dementia","authors":"Rie Kishida, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Koutatsu Maruyama, Ai Ikeda, Mizuki Sata, Mari Tanaka, Chika Okada, Yasuhiko Kubota, Mina Hayama-Terada, Yuji Shimizu, Isao Muraki, Mitsumasa Umesawa, Hironori Imano, Tomoko Sankai, Takeo Okada, Akihiko Kitamura, Masahiko Kiyama, Hiroyasu Iso","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01663-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01663-5","url":null,"abstract":"Low intake of B vitamins may increase dementia; However, epidemiological evidence, particularly for riboflavin (vitamin B₂), remains sparse. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary intakes of B vitamins (riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate) and the incidence of disabling dementia necessitating care under Japan’s national insurance over a 15-year observation period. As part of the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study, a prospective study involving a community-based cohort of 4171 Japanese individuals aged 40–69 years was conducted. Dietary intakes of B vitamins were estimated through a single 24-h dietary recall method. Disabling dementia was defined by the daily living disability status related to dementia based on the long-term care insurance system of Japan. Hazard ratios of disabling dementia were estimated using area-stratified Cox proportional hazard models. Over a median follow-up of 15.4 years, 887 cases of disabling dementia were identified. Riboflavin intake was inversely associated with the risk of disabling dementia; the multivariable hazard ratio for the highest versus lowest quartiles was 0.51 (95% CI 0.42–0.63; P for trend <0.001). A similar inverse association was observed for vitamin B6 and folate intakes, with multivariable hazard ratios of 0.80 (0.66–0.97; P for trend = 0.01) and 0.79 (0.65–0.96; P for trend <0.001), respectively. Our findings suggest that dietary intake of B vitamins, especially riboflavin, vitamin B6, and folate, is associated with a reduced risk of disabling dementia in Japanese individuals.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1099-1105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01667-1
Marieke R. Verbakel, Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman, Ceciel S. Dinnissen, Nynke Koopman, Marga C. Ocké, Marjolein H. de Jong
Maintaining an adequate vitamin D status is challenging for part of the Dutch adults; therefore, use of vitamin D supplements is advised for certain subgroups. Recent studies on vitamin D status in the general Dutch population are lacking. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status in a Dutch adult population and how it compared to twelve years earlier. Blood samples from participants of the Lifelines cohort collected in March 2023 were analysed for 25(OH)D₃ concentration (N = 1000). Log 25(OH)D₃ concentrations and proportion participants with a 25(OH)D₃ concentration <30 (18–69 yrs)/<50 nmol/L (≥70 yrs) were compared across gender and age groups (18–49, 50–69, and ≥70 yrs) using t-tests and ANOVA. Vitamin D status in March 2023 was compared to the status in March 2011 (N = 1221). Additionally, monthly variation in vitamin D status within 2011 was studied. Men had a significantly lower median 25(OH)D₃ concentration compared to women. 25(OH)D₃ concentration increased with age. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 7% of women 50–69 yrs and in 26% of men and 13% of women ≥70 yrs. Compared to March 2011, 25(OH)D₃ concentration in March 2023 was significantly higher (median 45–49 vs. 54–75 nmol/L). Vitamin D status throughout 2011 showed highest deficiency levels in winter. Vitamin D status improved between 2011 and 2023, but still up to a quarter of men and women in different age groups were vitamin D deficient at the end of the winter of 2023. Vitamin D status was highest in the subgroups with supplementation advice.
{"title":"Vitamin D status of adults in the North of the Netherlands: cross-sectional results from the Lifelines cohort study","authors":"Marieke R. Verbakel, Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman, Ceciel S. Dinnissen, Nynke Koopman, Marga C. Ocké, Marjolein H. de Jong","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01667-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01667-1","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining an adequate vitamin D status is challenging for part of the Dutch adults; therefore, use of vitamin D supplements is advised for certain subgroups. Recent studies on vitamin D status in the general Dutch population are lacking. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status in a Dutch adult population and how it compared to twelve years earlier. Blood samples from participants of the Lifelines cohort collected in March 2023 were analysed for 25(OH)D₃ concentration (N = 1000). Log 25(OH)D₃ concentrations and proportion participants with a 25(OH)D₃ concentration <30 (18–69 yrs)/<50 nmol/L (≥70 yrs) were compared across gender and age groups (18–49, 50–69, and ≥70 yrs) using t-tests and ANOVA. Vitamin D status in March 2023 was compared to the status in March 2011 (N = 1221). Additionally, monthly variation in vitamin D status within 2011 was studied. Men had a significantly lower median 25(OH)D₃ concentration compared to women. 25(OH)D₃ concentration increased with age. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 7% of women 50–69 yrs and in 26% of men and 13% of women ≥70 yrs. Compared to March 2011, 25(OH)D₃ concentration in March 2023 was significantly higher (median 45–49 vs. 54–75 nmol/L). Vitamin D status throughout 2011 showed highest deficiency levels in winter. Vitamin D status improved between 2011 and 2023, but still up to a quarter of men and women in different age groups were vitamin D deficient at the end of the winter of 2023. Vitamin D status was highest in the subgroups with supplementation advice.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1114-1120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01667-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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