Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01662-6
S. Nel, U. D. Feucht, T. Botha, M. Arashi, F. A. M. Wenhold
This study characterises first-year growth patterns in a historical preterm infant cohort, and investigates associated early-life factors and 1-year anthropometry. We analysed 322 South African preterm infants’ (mean 32.8 ± 2.4 weeks gestation) 1-year clinic records after kangaroo mother care discharge. Latent class trajectory modelling identified patterns of weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ), and head circumference-for-age (HCZ) z-scores (Fenton 2013 Growth Chart; WHO Growth Standards, age-corrected). Z-score patterns were characterised as maintenance, faltering (progressively decreasing), gain (progressively increasing) or catch-up (rapidly increasing, exceeding birth z-score). Ordinal regression analysis investigated associations of early-life maternal/infant factors, birth weight, and early (until 50 weeks postmenstrual age) WAZ gain with growth patterns. One-year stunting (LAZ < -2), wasting (WLZ < -2) and overweight (body mass index-for-age z-score > +2) were compared. Best-fit models identified three WAZ and LAZ patterns (gradual gain, faltering, catch-up), three WLZ patterns (maintenance, faltering, catch-up) and two HCZ patterns (maintenance, gain). Most infants displayed maintenance, gradual gain or catch-up. Lower birth weight z-score (BWZ) was associated with LAZ catch-up (OR:8.33 (3.13–20.00)), WLZ faltering (OR:2.94 (1.69–5.00)) HCZ gain (OR:1.92 (1.23–3.13)), but lower odds of gradual WAZ gain (OR:0.36 (0.19–0.68)) and WAZ faltering (OR:0.56 (0.34–0.92)). Smaller early WAZ gains were associated with gradual WAZ gain (OR:2.27 (1.56–3.33)), WAZ faltering (OR:1.47 (1.11,1.96)), LAZ catch-up (OR:1.85 (1.25–2.70)), and LAZ faltering (OR:1.39 (1.09–1.75)). WAZ and WLZ faltering were both associated (p < 0.001) with 1-year stunting (45.5%, 23.5%) and wasting (21.8%, 10.3%). Most preterm infants had appropriate first-year growth. Lower BWZ was associated with WAZ and LAZ catch-up but WLZ faltering, and sub-optimal early WAZ growth with growth faltering.
{"title":"First-year growth patterns of preterm infants receiving kangaroo mother care: associations with early life factors and 1-year anthropometry","authors":"S. Nel, U. D. Feucht, T. Botha, M. Arashi, F. A. M. Wenhold","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01662-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01662-6","url":null,"abstract":"This study characterises first-year growth patterns in a historical preterm infant cohort, and investigates associated early-life factors and 1-year anthropometry. We analysed 322 South African preterm infants’ (mean 32.8 ± 2.4 weeks gestation) 1-year clinic records after kangaroo mother care discharge. Latent class trajectory modelling identified patterns of weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ), and head circumference-for-age (HCZ) z-scores (Fenton 2013 Growth Chart; WHO Growth Standards, age-corrected). Z-score patterns were characterised as maintenance, faltering (progressively decreasing), gain (progressively increasing) or catch-up (rapidly increasing, exceeding birth z-score). Ordinal regression analysis investigated associations of early-life maternal/infant factors, birth weight, and early (until 50 weeks postmenstrual age) WAZ gain with growth patterns. One-year stunting (LAZ < -2), wasting (WLZ < -2) and overweight (body mass index-for-age z-score > +2) were compared. Best-fit models identified three WAZ and LAZ patterns (gradual gain, faltering, catch-up), three WLZ patterns (maintenance, faltering, catch-up) and two HCZ patterns (maintenance, gain). Most infants displayed maintenance, gradual gain or catch-up. Lower birth weight z-score (BWZ) was associated with LAZ catch-up (OR:8.33 (3.13–20.00)), WLZ faltering (OR:2.94 (1.69–5.00)) HCZ gain (OR:1.92 (1.23–3.13)), but lower odds of gradual WAZ gain (OR:0.36 (0.19–0.68)) and WAZ faltering (OR:0.56 (0.34–0.92)). Smaller early WAZ gains were associated with gradual WAZ gain (OR:2.27 (1.56–3.33)), WAZ faltering (OR:1.47 (1.11,1.96)), LAZ catch-up (OR:1.85 (1.25–2.70)), and LAZ faltering (OR:1.39 (1.09–1.75)). WAZ and WLZ faltering were both associated (p < 0.001) with 1-year stunting (45.5%, 23.5%) and wasting (21.8%, 10.3%). Most preterm infants had appropriate first-year growth. Lower BWZ was associated with WAZ and LAZ catch-up but WLZ faltering, and sub-optimal early WAZ growth with growth faltering.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 1","pages":"62-72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01662-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01668-0
Janelle A. Skinner, Mark Leary, Megan Whatnall, Tracy L. Burrows
The field of food addiction research is rapidly progressing, with the emergence of a range of treatment studies. These have taken a variety of formats and approaches, given the clustering of food addiction with other health conditions, namely increased weight and mental disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety, PTSD, binge eating disorder). The food addiction treatment field comprises numerous systematic reviews synthesizing research from self-help groups, psychosocial interventions, lifestyle management, pharmacology, supplements, bariatric surgery, disordered eating, substance use and harm minimization approaches. Arising treatment approaches should consider the existing evidence base, and lessons learned in order to advance the field. High quality publications, studies statistically powered for change, using evidence-based strategies and behaviour change theories, and the involvement of individuals with lived experience to develop and refine interventions are needed to propel the field forward. Using reporting checklists to describe complex interventions [e.g. TIDieR framework (Template for Intervention Description and Replication)] will also be beneficial to inform future research studies, allowing replication and modification as required, and implementation into clinical practice. This perspective discusses existing knowledge in the area of treatment approaches for food addiction.
{"title":"Evidence to action: a perspective on treatment approaches for food addiction","authors":"Janelle A. Skinner, Mark Leary, Megan Whatnall, Tracy L. Burrows","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01668-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01668-0","url":null,"abstract":"The field of food addiction research is rapidly progressing, with the emergence of a range of treatment studies. These have taken a variety of formats and approaches, given the clustering of food addiction with other health conditions, namely increased weight and mental disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety, PTSD, binge eating disorder). The food addiction treatment field comprises numerous systematic reviews synthesizing research from self-help groups, psychosocial interventions, lifestyle management, pharmacology, supplements, bariatric surgery, disordered eating, substance use and harm minimization approaches. Arising treatment approaches should consider the existing evidence base, and lessons learned in order to advance the field. High quality publications, studies statistically powered for change, using evidence-based strategies and behaviour change theories, and the involvement of individuals with lived experience to develop and refine interventions are needed to propel the field forward. Using reporting checklists to describe complex interventions [e.g. TIDieR framework (Template for Intervention Description and Replication)] will also be beneficial to inform future research studies, allowing replication and modification as required, and implementation into clinical practice. This perspective discusses existing knowledge in the area of treatment approaches for food addiction.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1069-1072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01669-z
Zijun Zhou, Jianping Zhou
Enteral and parenteral nutrition are two primary methods of nutritional support in clinical settings. Their administration modes—continuous or intermittent—have garnered increasing attention in recent research. Continuous enteral and parenteral nutrition provide steady metabolic support over extended periods, particularly beneficial for critically ill patients or those with high nutritional demands. Conversely, intermittent feeding, delivered at scheduled intervals, simulates natural eating patterns and may offer advantages in gastrointestinal function and metabolic regulation. Recent studies indicate notable differences between continuous and intermittent feeding in perioperative patients, especially regarding metabolic control, gastrointestinal tolerance, immune function, and postoperative complications. Continuous feeding simplifies clinical management through stable nutrient delivery but may increase the risks of metabolic overload, liver dysfunction, and gastrointestinal intolerance. In contrast, intermittent feeding promotes recovery of gastrointestinal function and potentially reduces the risk of infections and other postoperative complications. This review aims to assess the clinical outcomes of continuous versus intermittent enteral and parenteral nutrition in perioperative patients, with a primary focus on gastrointestinal surgery populations (where gut-specific mechanisms are most critical). By evaluating these feeding strategies in terms of postoperative complications, recovery, metabolic regulation, and quality of life, we seek to provide evidence-based recommendations for optimizing perioperative nutritional care and improving patient outcomes.
{"title":"Intermittent vs. continuous: a comparative narrative review of enteral and parenteral nutrition support strategies in the perioperative setting","authors":"Zijun Zhou, Jianping Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01669-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01669-z","url":null,"abstract":"Enteral and parenteral nutrition are two primary methods of nutritional support in clinical settings. Their administration modes—continuous or intermittent—have garnered increasing attention in recent research. Continuous enteral and parenteral nutrition provide steady metabolic support over extended periods, particularly beneficial for critically ill patients or those with high nutritional demands. Conversely, intermittent feeding, delivered at scheduled intervals, simulates natural eating patterns and may offer advantages in gastrointestinal function and metabolic regulation. Recent studies indicate notable differences between continuous and intermittent feeding in perioperative patients, especially regarding metabolic control, gastrointestinal tolerance, immune function, and postoperative complications. Continuous feeding simplifies clinical management through stable nutrient delivery but may increase the risks of metabolic overload, liver dysfunction, and gastrointestinal intolerance. In contrast, intermittent feeding promotes recovery of gastrointestinal function and potentially reduces the risk of infections and other postoperative complications. This review aims to assess the clinical outcomes of continuous versus intermittent enteral and parenteral nutrition in perioperative patients, with a primary focus on gastrointestinal surgery populations (where gut-specific mechanisms are most critical). By evaluating these feeding strategies in terms of postoperative complications, recovery, metabolic regulation, and quality of life, we seek to provide evidence-based recommendations for optimizing perioperative nutritional care and improving patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 2","pages":"140-145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01669-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01666-2
Christina Sonne Mogensen, Christian Mølgaard, Faidon Magkos, Nina Rica Wium Geiker, Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Charlotta Granström, Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson, Sjurdur Frodi Olsen
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with offspring obesity. Moreover, maternal dietary patterns, particularly protein intake and glycemic index, influence GWG and fetal development. This study aimed to investigate the association of a high-protein, low-glycemic-index (HPLGI) diet during pregnancy with offspring growth and obesity. Using observational data from the Danish National Birth Cohort, a target trial emulation was conducted to investigate the association of an HPLGI diet during pregnancy on offspring growth up to 18 years of age. A cohort of 17,551 women who met the inclusion criteria was categorized into exposure groups based on their protein intake and glycemic index to emulate the groups in the APPROACH trial. Maternal characteristics varied between the exposure groups, with the HPLGI women exhibiting 1.67 kg higher pre-pregnancy weight and 0.49 kg/m2 BMI, with no differences in GWG. Offspring outcomes were assessed at various ages, and a linear mixed model was used, including potential confounders. Offspring born to women following an HPLGI diet during pregnancy had 2.59 kg higher body weight and 0.72 kg/m2 higher BMI at 18 years compared to those from the moderate-protein, moderate-glycemic-index (MPMGI) group. An HPLGI diet during pregnancy was associated with higher offspring body weight and BMI at 18 years of age compared to an MPMGI diet. These findings suggest that maternal dietary composition during pregnancy may have long-term implications for offspring growth and obesity risk, underscoring the importance of evaluating dietary recommendations during pregnancy.
{"title":"Association of a high-protein and low-glycemic-index diet during pregnancy with offspring growth and obesity until the age of 18 years – a target trial emulation","authors":"Christina Sonne Mogensen, Christian Mølgaard, Faidon Magkos, Nina Rica Wium Geiker, Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Charlotta Granström, Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson, Sjurdur Frodi Olsen","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01666-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01666-2","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with offspring obesity. Moreover, maternal dietary patterns, particularly protein intake and glycemic index, influence GWG and fetal development. This study aimed to investigate the association of a high-protein, low-glycemic-index (HPLGI) diet during pregnancy with offspring growth and obesity. Using observational data from the Danish National Birth Cohort, a target trial emulation was conducted to investigate the association of an HPLGI diet during pregnancy on offspring growth up to 18 years of age. A cohort of 17,551 women who met the inclusion criteria was categorized into exposure groups based on their protein intake and glycemic index to emulate the groups in the APPROACH trial. Maternal characteristics varied between the exposure groups, with the HPLGI women exhibiting 1.67 kg higher pre-pregnancy weight and 0.49 kg/m2 BMI, with no differences in GWG. Offspring outcomes were assessed at various ages, and a linear mixed model was used, including potential confounders. Offspring born to women following an HPLGI diet during pregnancy had 2.59 kg higher body weight and 0.72 kg/m2 higher BMI at 18 years compared to those from the moderate-protein, moderate-glycemic-index (MPMGI) group. An HPLGI diet during pregnancy was associated with higher offspring body weight and BMI at 18 years of age compared to an MPMGI diet. These findings suggest that maternal dietary composition during pregnancy may have long-term implications for offspring growth and obesity risk, underscoring the importance of evaluating dietary recommendations during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1121-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01666-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01663-5
Rie Kishida, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Koutatsu Maruyama, Ai Ikeda, Mizuki Sata, Mari Tanaka, Chika Okada, Yasuhiko Kubota, Mina Hayama-Terada, Yuji Shimizu, Isao Muraki, Mitsumasa Umesawa, Hironori Imano, Tomoko Sankai, Takeo Okada, Akihiko Kitamura, Masahiko Kiyama, Hiroyasu Iso
Low intake of B vitamins may increase dementia; However, epidemiological evidence, particularly for riboflavin (vitamin B₂), remains sparse. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary intakes of B vitamins (riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate) and the incidence of disabling dementia necessitating care under Japan’s national insurance over a 15-year observation period. As part of the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study, a prospective study involving a community-based cohort of 4171 Japanese individuals aged 40–69 years was conducted. Dietary intakes of B vitamins were estimated through a single 24-h dietary recall method. Disabling dementia was defined by the daily living disability status related to dementia based on the long-term care insurance system of Japan. Hazard ratios of disabling dementia were estimated using area-stratified Cox proportional hazard models. Over a median follow-up of 15.4 years, 887 cases of disabling dementia were identified. Riboflavin intake was inversely associated with the risk of disabling dementia; the multivariable hazard ratio for the highest versus lowest quartiles was 0.51 (95% CI 0.42–0.63; P for trend <0.001). A similar inverse association was observed for vitamin B6 and folate intakes, with multivariable hazard ratios of 0.80 (0.66–0.97; P for trend = 0.01) and 0.79 (0.65–0.96; P for trend <0.001), respectively. Our findings suggest that dietary intake of B vitamins, especially riboflavin, vitamin B6, and folate, is associated with a reduced risk of disabling dementia in Japanese individuals.
背景/目的：低摄入B族维生素可能会增加痴呆；然而，流行病学证据，特别是核黄素（维生素b2）的证据仍然很少。这项研究旨在研究饮食中B族维生素（核黄素、维生素B6、维生素B12和叶酸）的摄入量与致残性痴呆的发病率之间的关系，这需要在日本国民保险下进行为期15年的观察。方法：作为社区循环风险研究的一部分，对4171名年龄在40-69岁之间的日本人进行了一项前瞻性研究。通过单一的24小时饮食回忆法估计膳食中B族维生素的摄入量。失能性痴呆是根据日本长期护理保险制度对与痴呆相关的日常生活残疾状态进行界定的。使用区域分层Cox比例风险模型估计致残性痴呆的风险比。结果：在15.4年的中位随访中，确定了887例失能性痴呆。核黄素摄入量与失能性痴呆的风险呈负相关；最高和最低四分位数的多变量风险比为0.51 (95% CI 0.42-0.63； P为趋势6和叶酸摄入量，多变量风险比为0.80 （0.66-0.97；P为趋势= 0.01）和0.79 （0.65-0.96；P为趋势）结论：我们的研究结果表明，饮食中摄入B族维生素，特别是核黄素、维生素B6和叶酸，与降低日本个体致残性痴呆的风险有关。
{"title":"Dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and riboflavin and the risk of incident dementia","authors":"Rie Kishida, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Koutatsu Maruyama, Ai Ikeda, Mizuki Sata, Mari Tanaka, Chika Okada, Yasuhiko Kubota, Mina Hayama-Terada, Yuji Shimizu, Isao Muraki, Mitsumasa Umesawa, Hironori Imano, Tomoko Sankai, Takeo Okada, Akihiko Kitamura, Masahiko Kiyama, Hiroyasu Iso","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01663-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01663-5","url":null,"abstract":"Low intake of B vitamins may increase dementia; However, epidemiological evidence, particularly for riboflavin (vitamin B₂), remains sparse. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary intakes of B vitamins (riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate) and the incidence of disabling dementia necessitating care under Japan’s national insurance over a 15-year observation period. As part of the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study, a prospective study involving a community-based cohort of 4171 Japanese individuals aged 40–69 years was conducted. Dietary intakes of B vitamins were estimated through a single 24-h dietary recall method. Disabling dementia was defined by the daily living disability status related to dementia based on the long-term care insurance system of Japan. Hazard ratios of disabling dementia were estimated using area-stratified Cox proportional hazard models. Over a median follow-up of 15.4 years, 887 cases of disabling dementia were identified. Riboflavin intake was inversely associated with the risk of disabling dementia; the multivariable hazard ratio for the highest versus lowest quartiles was 0.51 (95% CI 0.42–0.63; P for trend <0.001). A similar inverse association was observed for vitamin B6 and folate intakes, with multivariable hazard ratios of 0.80 (0.66–0.97; P for trend = 0.01) and 0.79 (0.65–0.96; P for trend <0.001), respectively. Our findings suggest that dietary intake of B vitamins, especially riboflavin, vitamin B6, and folate, is associated with a reduced risk of disabling dementia in Japanese individuals.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1099-1105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01667-1
Marieke R. Verbakel, Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman, Ceciel S. Dinnissen, Nynke Koopman, Marga C. Ocké, Marjolein H. de Jong
Maintaining an adequate vitamin D status is challenging for part of the Dutch adults; therefore, use of vitamin D supplements is advised for certain subgroups. Recent studies on vitamin D status in the general Dutch population are lacking. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status in a Dutch adult population and how it compared to twelve years earlier. Blood samples from participants of the Lifelines cohort collected in March 2023 were analysed for 25(OH)D₃ concentration (N = 1000). Log 25(OH)D₃ concentrations and proportion participants with a 25(OH)D₃ concentration <30 (18–69 yrs)/<50 nmol/L (≥70 yrs) were compared across gender and age groups (18–49, 50–69, and ≥70 yrs) using t-tests and ANOVA. Vitamin D status in March 2023 was compared to the status in March 2011 (N = 1221). Additionally, monthly variation in vitamin D status within 2011 was studied. Men had a significantly lower median 25(OH)D₃ concentration compared to women. 25(OH)D₃ concentration increased with age. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 7% of women 50–69 yrs and in 26% of men and 13% of women ≥70 yrs. Compared to March 2011, 25(OH)D₃ concentration in March 2023 was significantly higher (median 45–49 vs. 54–75 nmol/L). Vitamin D status throughout 2011 showed highest deficiency levels in winter. Vitamin D status improved between 2011 and 2023, but still up to a quarter of men and women in different age groups were vitamin D deficient at the end of the winter of 2023. Vitamin D status was highest in the subgroups with supplementation advice.
{"title":"Vitamin D status of adults in the North of the Netherlands: cross-sectional results from the Lifelines cohort study","authors":"Marieke R. Verbakel, Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman, Ceciel S. Dinnissen, Nynke Koopman, Marga C. Ocké, Marjolein H. de Jong","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01667-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01667-1","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining an adequate vitamin D status is challenging for part of the Dutch adults; therefore, use of vitamin D supplements is advised for certain subgroups. Recent studies on vitamin D status in the general Dutch population are lacking. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D status in a Dutch adult population and how it compared to twelve years earlier. Blood samples from participants of the Lifelines cohort collected in March 2023 were analysed for 25(OH)D₃ concentration (N = 1000). Log 25(OH)D₃ concentrations and proportion participants with a 25(OH)D₃ concentration <30 (18–69 yrs)/<50 nmol/L (≥70 yrs) were compared across gender and age groups (18–49, 50–69, and ≥70 yrs) using t-tests and ANOVA. Vitamin D status in March 2023 was compared to the status in March 2011 (N = 1221). Additionally, monthly variation in vitamin D status within 2011 was studied. Men had a significantly lower median 25(OH)D₃ concentration compared to women. 25(OH)D₃ concentration increased with age. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 7% of women 50–69 yrs and in 26% of men and 13% of women ≥70 yrs. Compared to March 2011, 25(OH)D₃ concentration in March 2023 was significantly higher (median 45–49 vs. 54–75 nmol/L). Vitamin D status throughout 2011 showed highest deficiency levels in winter. Vitamin D status improved between 2011 and 2023, but still up to a quarter of men and women in different age groups were vitamin D deficient at the end of the winter of 2023. Vitamin D status was highest in the subgroups with supplementation advice.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1114-1120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01667-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, probiotics have become one of the research hotspots in the scientific community, and its potential role in intestinal health, immune regulation, and the relationship with the brain has attracted much attention. However, the improvement of cognitive function by probiotics shows different effects in different stages of the human life cycle. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the specific effects of probiotics on cognitive function in different age groups. We searched four databases from creation to December 2023. A meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled clinical trials was conducted, using random effect Meta analysis combined with standardized mean difference (SMD) (95% confidence interval [CI]). Our meta-analysis found that the effects of probiotics on cognitive performance were primarily seen in older age groups, with significant effects on overall cognitive performance, processing speed, memory, and spatial ability (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI [0.13, 0.67], P = 0.004), (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI [0.11, 0.63], P = 0.006), (SMD = 0. 51, 95% CI [0.25, 0.78], P = 0.0002), (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI [0.09, 0.62], P = 0.008). In addition, probiotics improved executive function in infants and children (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI [0.04, 0.56], P = 0.03). In young adults, the effects of probiotics were mainly seen in verbal ability (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI [0.15, 0.71], p = 0.003). Probiotic supplements primarily improve overall cognitive function, information processing speed, memory, and spatial ability in older adults, with the best results observed after 12 weeks of daily intake of approximately 2 × 10¹⁰ CFU.
背景：近年来，益生菌已成为科学界的研究热点之一，其在肠道健康、免疫调节以及与大脑的关系等方面的潜在作用备受关注。然而，益生菌对认知功能的改善作用在人类生命周期的不同阶段表现出不同的效果。目的：因此，我们进行了一项随机对照试验的荟萃分析，以研究益生菌对不同年龄组认知功能的具体影响。方法：检索自创建至2023年12月的4个数据库。采用随机效应Meta分析结合标准化平均差（SMD）（95%置信区间[CI]）对21项随机对照临床试验进行Meta分析。结果：我们的荟萃分析发现，益生菌对认知表现的影响主要出现在年龄较大的人群中，对整体认知表现、处理速度、记忆力和空间能力有显著影响（SMD = 0.40, 95% CI [0.13, 0.67], P = 0.004）， （SMD = 0.37, 95% CI [0.11, 0.63], P = 0.006）， (SMD = 0。51岁的95%可信区间[0.25,0.78],P = 0.0002), (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI [0.09, 0.62], P = 0.008)。此外，益生菌可改善婴儿和儿童的执行功能（SMD = 0.30, 95% CI [0.04, 0.56], P = 0.03）。在年轻人中，益生菌的作用主要体现在语言能力方面（SMD = 0.43, 95% CI [0.15, 0.71], p = 0.003）。结论：益生菌补充剂主要改善老年人的整体认知功能、信息处理速度、记忆力和空间能力，在每天摄入约2 × 10¹⁰CFU 12周后观察到最佳效果。
{"title":"Effects of probiotics on cognitive function across the human lifespan: a meta-analysis","authors":"HanQing Guo, YanHua Liang, XueMei Qin, Qing Luo, XiuMei Gong, Qinghan Gao","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01660-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01660-8","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, probiotics have become one of the research hotspots in the scientific community, and its potential role in intestinal health, immune regulation, and the relationship with the brain has attracted much attention. However, the improvement of cognitive function by probiotics shows different effects in different stages of the human life cycle. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the specific effects of probiotics on cognitive function in different age groups. We searched four databases from creation to December 2023. A meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled clinical trials was conducted, using random effect Meta analysis combined with standardized mean difference (SMD) (95% confidence interval [CI]). Our meta-analysis found that the effects of probiotics on cognitive performance were primarily seen in older age groups, with significant effects on overall cognitive performance, processing speed, memory, and spatial ability (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI [0.13, 0.67], P = 0.004), (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI [0.11, 0.63], P = 0.006), (SMD = 0. 51, 95% CI [0.25, 0.78], P = 0.0002), (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI [0.09, 0.62], P = 0.008). In addition, probiotics improved executive function in infants and children (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI [0.04, 0.56], P = 0.03). In young adults, the effects of probiotics were mainly seen in verbal ability (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI [0.15, 0.71], p = 0.003). Probiotic supplements primarily improve overall cognitive function, information processing speed, memory, and spatial ability in older adults, with the best results observed after 12 weeks of daily intake of approximately 2 × 10¹⁰ CFU.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 1","pages":"46-61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-19DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01665-3
Pablo Torres-Aguilar, Anna M. R. Hayes, Clay Swackhamer, Emmanuel Ayua, Laura Michelin, Violet Mugalavai, Bruce R. Hamaker
Animal studies support that diet affects metabolic fuel utilization and metabolic flexibility. We hypothesized that individuals with contrasting dietary patterns would have different metabolic responses. Differences in metabolic fuel utilization, metabolic flexibility, and gastric emptying time to carbohydrate challenges (rapidly vs slowly digestible carbohydrates [RDC/SDC]) were assessed between US and Kenyan cohorts consuming diets characteristic of each population. We assessed metabolic fuel utilization using a portable breath CO2 measuring device and gastric emptying in two cohorts (Kenya, n = 23; US, n = 13) for 2 h following RDC and SDC challenges. Study meals, matched in energy content (732 kJ), consisted of test carbohydrates (30 g) mixed into applesauce (200 g). An estimated respiratory exchange ratio (RERest) was calculated from the CO2 values. Metabolic flexibility (MF) was assessed using Percent Relative Cumulative Frequency followed by modeling with the Weibull Cumulative Distribution function. We collected dietary data using three 24-h dietary recalls and used multivariate mixed effect models to assess dietary influences on RERest/MF to carbohydrate challenges. Kenyan participants had higher RERest and greater MF compared to US participants regardless of the carbohydrate challenge (P < 0.0001), and had improved MF response with SDC vs RDC. Multivariate Model 1 (macronutrient composition) showed that carbohydrate (P = 0.02) and protein (P < 0.001) were predictive of RERest; and for Model 2 (carbohydrate quality), total fiber (P = 0.026), starch (P = 0.001) and added sugars (P < 0.001) were predictive of RERest. The Kenyan cohort consuming a diet of high carbohydrate quality and low in fat showed greater carbohydrate oxidation and improved MF.
{"title":"Role of habitual diet in metabolic fuel utilization and metabolic flexibility, evidence in Kenyan and U.S. cohorts","authors":"Pablo Torres-Aguilar, Anna M. R. Hayes, Clay Swackhamer, Emmanuel Ayua, Laura Michelin, Violet Mugalavai, Bruce R. Hamaker","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01665-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01665-3","url":null,"abstract":"Animal studies support that diet affects metabolic fuel utilization and metabolic flexibility. We hypothesized that individuals with contrasting dietary patterns would have different metabolic responses. Differences in metabolic fuel utilization, metabolic flexibility, and gastric emptying time to carbohydrate challenges (rapidly vs slowly digestible carbohydrates [RDC/SDC]) were assessed between US and Kenyan cohorts consuming diets characteristic of each population. We assessed metabolic fuel utilization using a portable breath CO2 measuring device and gastric emptying in two cohorts (Kenya, n = 23; US, n = 13) for 2 h following RDC and SDC challenges. Study meals, matched in energy content (732 kJ), consisted of test carbohydrates (30 g) mixed into applesauce (200 g). An estimated respiratory exchange ratio (RERest) was calculated from the CO2 values. Metabolic flexibility (MF) was assessed using Percent Relative Cumulative Frequency followed by modeling with the Weibull Cumulative Distribution function. We collected dietary data using three 24-h dietary recalls and used multivariate mixed effect models to assess dietary influences on RERest/MF to carbohydrate challenges. Kenyan participants had higher RERest and greater MF compared to US participants regardless of the carbohydrate challenge (P < 0.0001), and had improved MF response with SDC vs RDC. Multivariate Model 1 (macronutrient composition) showed that carbohydrate (P = 0.02) and protein (P < 0.001) were predictive of RERest; and for Model 2 (carbohydrate quality), total fiber (P = 0.026), starch (P = 0.001) and added sugars (P < 0.001) were predictive of RERest. The Kenyan cohort consuming a diet of high carbohydrate quality and low in fat showed greater carbohydrate oxidation and improved MF.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"80 1","pages":"121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01665-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01661-7
Arianna Natale, Angela D’Angelo, Ettore Bidoli, Federica Toffolutti, Attilio Giacosa, Livia S. A. Augustin, Eva Negri, Francesca Bravi, Carlo La Vecchia, Marta Rossi
Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is influenced by diet. Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments primarily found in fruits and vegetables. Their potential chemopreventive properties are due to antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antiproliferative characteristics. We investigated dietary carotenoid intakes (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein+zeaxanthin, and total carotenoids) in relation to CRC risk. We used data from a case-control study on CRC conducted in Italy, which included 1953 histologically confirmed incident cases of CRC and 4154 controls. For each subject, carotenoid intake was estimated through a reproducible and valid food frequency questionnaire, using an Italian food composition database. Odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of CRC for the highest versus the lowest quintiles of carotenoid intakes were computed through multiple logistic regression models, including terms for total energy intake and other selected confounding factors. The OR of CRC for the highest versus the lowest quintile was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.60–0.87) for α-carotene, 0.60 (95% CI = 0.49–0.73) for β-carotene, 0.83 (95% CI = 0.69–0.99) for β-cryptoxanthin, 0.64 (95% CI = 0.53–0.78) for lutein+zeaxanthin, and 0.59 (95% CI = 0.48–0.73) for total carotenoids, with significant trends across quintiles. No significant association was found for lycopene. Our findings indicate an inverse association between total and selected carotenoids and CRC risk.
背景：结直肠癌（CRC）的风险与饮食有关。类胡萝卜素是一种天然色素，主要存在于水果和蔬菜中。它们潜在的化学预防特性是由于抗氧化、抗诱变和抗增殖的特性。目的：我们研究了饮食类胡萝卜素摄入量（α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素、叶黄素+玉米黄质和总类胡萝卜素）与结直肠癌风险的关系。方法：我们使用了在意大利进行的一项CRC病例对照研究的数据，其中包括1953例组织学证实的CRC病例和4154例对照。使用意大利食品成分数据库，通过可重复且有效的食物频率问卷来估计每个受试者的类胡萝卜素摄入量。通过多重逻辑回归模型，包括总能量摄入和其他选择的混杂因素，计算了类胡萝卜素摄入量最高和最低五分位数的CRC的优势比（OR）和相应的95%置信区间（95% CI）。结果：α-胡萝卜素与最低五分位数的CRC比值为0.72 (95% CI = 0.60-0.87)， β-胡萝卜素为0.60 (95% CI = 0.49-0.73)， β-隐黄质为0.83 (95% CI = 0.69-0.99)，叶黄素+玉米黄质为0.64 (95% CI = 0.53-0.78)，总类胡萝卜素为0.59 (95% CI = 0.48-0.73)，各五分位数的趋势显著。番茄红素未发现显著相关性。结论：我们的研究结果表明，总类胡萝卜素和选择性类胡萝卜素与结直肠癌风险呈负相关。
{"title":"Intake of total and selected carotenoids and colorectal cancer risk: An Italian case-control study","authors":"Arianna Natale, Angela D’Angelo, Ettore Bidoli, Federica Toffolutti, Attilio Giacosa, Livia S. A. Augustin, Eva Negri, Francesca Bravi, Carlo La Vecchia, Marta Rossi","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01661-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01661-7","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is influenced by diet. Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments primarily found in fruits and vegetables. Their potential chemopreventive properties are due to antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antiproliferative characteristics. We investigated dietary carotenoid intakes (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein+zeaxanthin, and total carotenoids) in relation to CRC risk. We used data from a case-control study on CRC conducted in Italy, which included 1953 histologically confirmed incident cases of CRC and 4154 controls. For each subject, carotenoid intake was estimated through a reproducible and valid food frequency questionnaire, using an Italian food composition database. Odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of CRC for the highest versus the lowest quintiles of carotenoid intakes were computed through multiple logistic regression models, including terms for total energy intake and other selected confounding factors. The OR of CRC for the highest versus the lowest quintile was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.60–0.87) for α-carotene, 0.60 (95% CI = 0.49–0.73) for β-carotene, 0.83 (95% CI = 0.69–0.99) for β-cryptoxanthin, 0.64 (95% CI = 0.53–0.78) for lutein+zeaxanthin, and 0.59 (95% CI = 0.48–0.73) for total carotenoids, with significant trends across quintiles. No significant association was found for lycopene. Our findings indicate an inverse association between total and selected carotenoids and CRC risk.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 11","pages":"1154-1159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01661-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1038/s41430-025-01664-4
Adam W. Potter, Leigh C. Ward, Christopher L. Chapman, William J. Tharion, David P. Looney, Karl E. Friedl
Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) methods offer reliable and moderately accurate estimates of body composition in tightly controlled conditions (prandial and hydration status, recent exercise, time of day). This study examined MFBIA reliability and validity in a real-world environment where these factors were not controlled. Regional and total body composition estimates by MFBIA (InBody 770) were compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 1000 healthy adults (667 men; 333 women), including fat mass (FM), percent body fat (%BF), fat-free mass (FFM), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). In subsets, reliability was determined from duplicate MFBIA and DXA obtained within 1 week, and total body water (TBW) was compared to single-frequency BIA (SFBIA). MFBIA demonstrated modest population-level agreement with DXA for total body FM (men, r = 0.93, bias −3.7 ± 2.6 kg; women, r = 0.96, bias, −1.9 ± 1.8 kg), %BF (men, r = 0.89, bias, −4.2 ± 3.0%; women, r = 0.92, bias, −2.8 ± 2.6%), and FFM (men, r = 0.95, bias, 3.4 ± 2.8 kg; women, r = 0.94, bias, 2.0 ± 2.2 kg). Regional correlations were highest for trunk FM (men, r = 0.92, CCC = 0.86; women r = 0.93, CCC = 0.93) and lowest for VAT (men, r = 0.74, CCC = 0.68; women, r = 0.74, CCC = 0.34). DXA and MFBIA regional and total assessments were highly reliable (DXA, ICC 0.990–0.998) and (MFBIA, ICC 0.987–0.995). TBW by MFBIA and SFBIA showed moderate agreement (men, r = 0.73, bias, −1.89 ± 3.31; women, r = 0.82, bias, −1.74 ± 2.01). This MFBIA system was shown to have high retest reliability and, when compared to laboratory methods, provides a moderately accurate method for measuring TBW and body composition (except for VAT) in uncontrolled conditions.
{"title":"Real-world assessment of Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (MFBIA) for measuring body composition in healthy physically active populations","authors":"Adam W. Potter, Leigh C. Ward, Christopher L. Chapman, William J. Tharion, David P. Looney, Karl E. Friedl","doi":"10.1038/s41430-025-01664-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41430-025-01664-4","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) methods offer reliable and moderately accurate estimates of body composition in tightly controlled conditions (prandial and hydration status, recent exercise, time of day). This study examined MFBIA reliability and validity in a real-world environment where these factors were not controlled. Regional and total body composition estimates by MFBIA (InBody 770) were compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 1000 healthy adults (667 men; 333 women), including fat mass (FM), percent body fat (%BF), fat-free mass (FFM), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). In subsets, reliability was determined from duplicate MFBIA and DXA obtained within 1 week, and total body water (TBW) was compared to single-frequency BIA (SFBIA). MFBIA demonstrated modest population-level agreement with DXA for total body FM (men, r = 0.93, bias −3.7 ± 2.6 kg; women, r = 0.96, bias, −1.9 ± 1.8 kg), %BF (men, r = 0.89, bias, −4.2 ± 3.0%; women, r = 0.92, bias, −2.8 ± 2.6%), and FFM (men, r = 0.95, bias, 3.4 ± 2.8 kg; women, r = 0.94, bias, 2.0 ± 2.2 kg). Regional correlations were highest for trunk FM (men, r = 0.92, CCC = 0.86; women r = 0.93, CCC = 0.93) and lowest for VAT (men, r = 0.74, CCC = 0.68; women, r = 0.74, CCC = 0.34). DXA and MFBIA regional and total assessments were highly reliable (DXA, ICC 0.990–0.998) and (MFBIA, ICC 0.987–0.995). TBW by MFBIA and SFBIA showed moderate agreement (men, r = 0.73, bias, −1.89 ± 3.31; women, r = 0.82, bias, −1.74 ± 2.01). This MFBIA system was shown to have high retest reliability and, when compared to laboratory methods, provides a moderately accurate method for measuring TBW and body composition (except for VAT) in uncontrolled conditions.","PeriodicalId":11927,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"79 12","pages":"1235-1244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-025-01664-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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