European Journal of Clinical Nutrition最新文献

Background/objectives: In vitro studies suggest that incorporating sorghum flour into staple foods including pasta reduces their starch digestibility and hence may suppress postprandial blood glucose levels, appetite and energy intake; however, these effects in humans have yet to be reported. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of red and white sorghum-containing pasta on blood glucose response, appetite and energy intake in humans.

Subjects/methods: In a randomised crossover design, healthy individuals (n = 20) consumed the following three iso-caloric test meals (each providing 50 g available carbohydrates) as breakfast: control pasta (CP) made from100% durum wheat; 30% red sorghum pasta (RSP) and; 30% white sorghum pasta (WSP). Blood glucose and subjective appetite were measured postprandially for 2 and 3 h, respectively. Energy intakes from ad libitum lunch consumed 3 h after breakfast and for the remainder of the day were also measured. Incremental areas under or over the curves (iAUCs/iAOCs) for blood glucose and appetite parameters were calculated.

Results: The RSP meal resulted in significantly lower blood glucose response (-0.35 ± 0.09 mmol/l; 95% CI: -0.61 ~ -0.09; P = 0.005) and glucose iAUC over 120 min (-36.11 ± 10.53 mmol/l × min; 95% CI: -67.11 ~ -5.11; P = 0.017) compared to CP meal. Compared to CP meal, the RSP meal resulted in significantly higher satiety iAUC (1219.46 ± 383.26 mm × min; 95% 91.18 ~ 2347.75; P = 0.029), lower hunger iAOC (-1410.47 ± 349.14 mm x min; 95% CI: -2438.30 ~ -382.63; P = 0.004) and lower prospective food intake iAOC (-1645.73 ± 324.14 mm x min; 95% CI: -2599.97 ~ -691.49; P < 0.001). Energy intake at ad libitum lunch was significantly lower after the RSP meal than after the CP meal (-794.17 ± 163.25 kJ; 95% CI: -1274.77 ~ -313.57; P = 0.001).

Conclusion: The results indicate that red sorghum addition into pasta provides a product inducing reduced glycemia, favourably changed appetite parameters and decreased subsequent energy intake.

Background: This study examined (1) associations between sociodemographic and clinical variables with low muscle mass and radiodensity and their loss relative to treatment commencement in patients with lung cancer; and (2) the magnitude of change in muscle mass and association with treatment outcomes and survival.

Methods: Prospective study in patients planned for curative (chemo)radiotherapy for lung cancer. Low skeletal muscle mass and radiodensity and muscle loss were determined from pre- and post-treatment computed tomography images. Sociodemographic, clinical, functional, nutritional, physical activity and alternate body composition were assessed pre-treatment. Logistic and linear regression and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess associations between variables and study outcomes. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to examine associations with survival.

Results: Overall, 53 patients (62.3% male) with a mean age of 69 ± 9.3 years and 54.8% with stage III disease were included. Pre-treatment low calf circumference was associated with pre-treatment low muscle mass (p = 0.006). Higher comorbidity scores pre-treatment were associated with normal muscle radiodensity pre- and post-treatment (p = 0.015, p = 0.027, respectively). Pre-treatment low energy and protein intake were associated with low muscle radiodensity post-treatment. Muscle mass and radiodensity were not associated with survival or treatment outcomes.

Conclusions: In patients with lung cancer, there is some evidence anthropometric measures of muscle mass are suggestive of low muscle mass pre-radiotherapy, while low energy intake pre-treatment may indicate low muscle radiodensity after treatment. However, these findings are limited by the small sample size and further prospective studies with larger samples are required.

Introduction: This study was to analyze the impact of dietary difficulties and gastrointestinal problems on the nutritional status of people with CP from 2-19 years old who attend rehabilitation centers in the province of Córdoba-Argentina.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational-cohort study. Data from 105 people of both sexes with a CP. Motor compromise was assessed with GMFCS. Multiple logistic regression models with a binomial response were used, with a p < 0.05.

Results: 63.8% boys were collected. The mean age was 11 y 6 m (SD 4,4). The dependence on a caregiver at mealtime presents 4 (p = 0.027) times more chances of having undernutrition than those who feed independently. Requiring a change in food consistency was almost 7 (p = 0.021) times more likely to present undernutrition.

Conclusion: A relationship was identified between dysphagia and constipation with a greater nutritional compromise. The food difficulties in those children with disorders highlights the need to implement specific and adapted nutritional strategies.

Background/objectives: Consumers of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) are susceptible to dysglycemia. The aim was to characterize 24-h glucose profiles of HPN consumers using continuous glucose monitors (CGM) and to identify factors that influence glucose.

Subjects/methods: Glucose profiles of 20 adults with short bowel syndrome (SBS) without diabetes were assessed using the Freestyle Libre Pro CGM. Measures included mean 24-h glucose, coefficient of variation (%), % time in range (TIR 70-140 mg/dL), among others. HPN parameters and lifestyle behaviors were obtained from self-reports and validated surveys. Linear mixed-effects models were used to test associations with glycemic measures adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. Significance was considered at P < 0.05.

Results: Participants (77% female, age = 52 years, BMI = 21.4 kg/m², 95% white) had a 24-h mean and CV for glucose of 94.69 (8.96) mg/dL and 20.27%, respectively, and a mean TIR of 87.73%. Among non-daily HPN-dependent patients, the mean glucose and TIR were higher on days receiving HPN. Tapering HPN was associated with -6.882 (95% confidence interval = -12.436, -1.329) % lower CV, and higher HPN dextrose content per gram was associated with 0.039 (95% confidence interval = 0.008, 0.07) % higher CV. Smoking, more depressive symptoms, and higher insomnia severity showed associations with glucose levels and variability.

Conclusions: Metabolically stable HPN adult consumers have 24-h glucose measures comparable to healthy adults yet are notable for more time spent below range. The glucose profiles are influenced by HPN parameters such as tapering and dextrose and behaviors including smoking, depressive symptoms, and insomnia.

Background: Frailty and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are common in older home care clients. In this study, we evaluate the effect of individually tailored dietary counseling on frailty status among home care clients with PEM or its risk aged 75 or older with a follow-up of six months.

Methods: This intervention study is part of the non-randomized population-based Nutrition, Oral Health and Medication (NutOrMed) study in Finland. The frailty was assessed using the abbreviated Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (aCGA) and included 15 questions from three different domains: cognitive status (MMSE), functional status (ADL, IADL) and depression (GDS-15). The study population consisted of persons with PEM or its risk (intervention group n = 90, control group n = 55). PEM or its risk was defined by MNA score <24 and/or plasma albumin <35 g/l. Registered nutritionist gave individually tailored nutritional counseling for participants at the baseline and nutritional treatment included conventional food items.

Results: The mean age was 83.9 in the intervention and 84.3 in the control group. At the baseline frailty prevalence was 74.4% (n = 67) and after six-month 61.1% (n = 55) in the intervention group and, respectively 74.5% (n = 41) and 80.0% (n = 44) in the control group. The intervention decreased significantly (p < 0.001) the prevalence of frailty in the intervention group, while it increased in the control group.

Conclusions: Individually tailored nutritional counseling reduces the prevalence of frailty among vulnerable home care clients with PEM or its risk. In the nutritional treatment of frailty, adequate intake of protein and energy should be a cornerstone of treatment.

Background and aims: Accumulating evidence supports the effectiveness of moderate-intensity aerobic training on metabolic health, with limited studies investigating change in resting substrate oxidation. The aim of this study was to explore whether 10 weeks of walking-based aerobic training would alter substrate oxidation in postmenopausal women with obesity.

Methods and results: Twenty-four postmenopausal women with obesity who were assigned into the control (n = 12) or exercise groups (n = 12) undertook a 10-week aerobic training program (3 d·week^-1) that involved walking exercises at 50-70% of heart rate reserve on a treadmill, with exercise volume increased from 25 to 40 min·day^-1. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition were measured pre- and post-training. Whole-body substrate oxidation was calculated using respiratory data collected during RMR measurement via indirect calorimetry. No significant change was noted (p > 0.05) in resting fat oxidation and carbohydrate oxidation in the exercise group. Resting respiratory exchange ratio and RMR did not alter in response to the training program (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Our results show that a 10-week of moderate-intensity aerobic training does not modify substrate oxidation in postmenopausal women with obesity.

Background/objective: Offspring's optimal neurodevelopment depends on maternal dietary lipids supply during the perinatal period. Dairy products are an important source of fat in Western diets. This study aimed at examining the associations between maternal dairy fat intake during pregnancy, evaluated through biomarkers in perinatal biofluids (C15:0 and C17:0) and child's cognitive outcomes.

Subjects/methods: Participants (N up to 1200) were French mother-child pairs from the EDEN cohort study. Biomarkers were assessed in the following biofluids: maternal red blood cells (RBC) membrane at 24 weeks' gestation, cord RBC membrane, and colostrum. Cognitive outcomes were language abilities scores at ages 2 and 3 years and overall cognitive development scores at ages 3 and 5-6 years. Associations were assessed using multiple linear regression models adjusted for factors related to family socioeconomic context, maternal lifestyle, and healthy diet score. Interaction of any breastfeeding duration on the associations with dairy fat biomarkers in colostrum was studied.

Results: Positive associations were observed between levels of C17:0 in cord RBC and C15:0 in maternal RBC with language abilities. In children breastfed for at least 6 months, C15:0 level in colostrum was positively associated with language abilities at age 3 years and overall cognitive development at ages 3 and 5-6 years whereas C17:0 level was only associated with overall cognitive development at age 3 years.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that maternal higher intake of dairy fat during perinatal period could be potentially associated with offspring's better cognitive development. These pioneering results call for external validation to challenge their causality.

Malaria continues to afflict hundreds of millions of lives annually, causing substantial fatalities despite available vaccines endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, these vaccines lack efficacy against Plasmodium vivax (Pv). Concomitantly, a considerable part of residents from several Pv-endemic areas face malnutrition, compromising their immunity to diseases, including malaria. Since our group developed an immunogenic yeast-expressing recombinant Pv circumsporozoite protein (yPvCSP-All_CT epitopes) capable of protecting mice against lethal transgenic parasites, we investigated the influence of malnutrition on vaccine-derived responses in C57Bl/6 mice. Animals subjected to a protein-restricted diet presented protein-energetic malnutrition, diminished vaccine-specific IgG-secreting cells in the bone marrow, and reduced IgG and IgG1 serum titers compared to mice under a control diet. IgM titers remained consistent across groups, suggesting that the nutrition status may influence the antibody affinity maturation. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of proper nutrition in enhancing vaccination immunity against Pv malaria.

Background/objectives: Scientific evidence suggests that substituting non-fermented with fermented dairy products may confer cardiovascular health benefits. The role of fermented in relation to non-fermented dairy products on 20-year fatal/non-fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence was examined.

Subjects/methods: In 2001-2002, n = 3042 free-of-CVD men and women from Attica, Greece, were recruited. Dietary assessment was based on a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. CVD evaluation was performed in three follow-up time points at 5, 10 and 20 years, in n = 1988 participants (718 cases).

Results: Participants reported >2 servings/day of fermented dairy products had 1.5 times lower risk to develop CVD compared with their lower level of consumption. Multi-adjusted analysis revealed similar cardioprotective properties per 1 serving increase in dairy consumption of fermented dairy products (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.82, 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) (0.58, 0.95)) as well as when the ratios of fermented:total dairy products (0.90, (0.53, 0.95)) and fermented:non-fermented dairy products (0.74, (0.39, 0.92)) were ≥0.76 and ≥2.5, respectively. The associations were more evident in case of impaired inflammation status. Replacing 1 serving of non-fermented with 1 equivalent serving of fermented dairy products reduced CVD risk (0.74, (0.53, 0.92)). Substitution of low-fat with whole-fat yogurt increased CVD risk (1.35, (1.02, 1.58)). Replacing cheese (any kind) with low-fat yogurt reduced CVD risk (all HRs<1) while with whole-fat yogurt no significance was observed.

Conclusions: Shift of guidelines to a daily pattern of dairy intake yet with an inclination towards emphasizing the consumption of fermented products is recommended.

This study aimed to systematically review the clinical efficacy of probiotics or synbiotics supplementation in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced complications and gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. A literature search was performed systematically using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, and CNKI for randomized controlled trials of probiotics or synthetic supplementation on chemotherapy-induced complications and gut microbiota dysbiosis in gastrointestinal cancer up to December 2023. The outcome measures included chemotherapy-related complications and the the incidence of gut microbiotas. Fifteen studies were finally eligible for meta-analysis, involving 1356 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that the the incidence rates of chemotherapy-related complications such as nausea and vomiting [RR = 0.61, 95% CI (0.46,0.82), P = 0.0008] and diarrhea [RR = 0.47, 95% CI (0.32,0.68), P < 0.001] were significantly reduced after probiotic intervention. The number of intestinal flora changed significantly after intervention, such as bifidobacterium [SMD = 1.33, 95% CI (0.52,2.31), P = 0.001], Escherichia coli [SMD = -0.82, 95% CI (-1.26, -0.38), P = 0.0003], and the difference was statistically significant. Probiotics or synbiotics supplementation can reduce chemotherapy-induced complications in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and regulate the number of gut microbiotas to balance the intestinal microecology of the body.