Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2023.4
Naim Berisha, Donard Geci
In restoration projects, low stock grazing has become a popular means of management. However, an accurate understanding of the effects of grazing on plants and spiders is often lacking. Although spiders and plants are not closely related evolutionarily or genetically, the relationship between them can be complex and diverse. Many species of spider build their webs or nests on plants, using the leaves, stems, or flowers as anchoring points. This provides them with protection from predators, access to prey and a stable habitat. On the other hand, spiders can provide a number of benefits to grassland ecosystems, such as helping to control populations of insects and other arthropods that can damage or consume grassland plants. This study addresses the effects of different grazing regimes on plant and spider diversity in siliceous grasslands. Plant and spider diversity was studied for four months in the Sharri Mountains (Kosovo) in order to determine the biodiversity in ungrazed, moderately grazed and overgrazed siliceuous grasslands. The responses of plant height, plant biomass, plant species diversity and spider species diversity to three grazing intensities at 12 sites were recorded. Vegetation structure (plant height and plant biomass) was significantly higher in ungrazed grasslands compared to grazed and overgrazed grasslands. This was not the case, however, for spider species richness and diversity, as these were higher in moderately grazed than ungrazed grassland. On overgrazed grasslands, spider diversity was extremely low, as only one species of spider (Pardosa saltuaria) was recorded. Plant and spider diversity increased in the following order: overgrazed grasslands < ungrazed grasslands < moderately grazed grasslands, in all the habitats studied. Different grazing intensities significantly affected the abundance of particular plants on siliceous grasslands, for example, Deschampsia cespitosa, one of the most dominant plants on siliceous grasslands had an abundance of 4.77% in ungrazed grasslands., but only 4.94% in moderately grazed grasslands and was absent in overgrazed grasslands. There were other species of plants that were most abundant in intensively grazed silicate grasslands. One of them was Nardus stricta, whose percentage in ungrazed, moderately grazed and overgrazed grasslands was characterized by a multiple exponential increase in % (s1 – ungrazed grasslands = 0.99%, s2 – moderately grazed grasslands = 1.25% and s3 – overgrazed grasslands = 10.50%). It is concluded that the intensity of grazing of natural grasslands directly affects biodiversity and that this information may be valuable for long-term management and conservation programs in similar habitats in SE Europe and beyond.
{"title":"The analysis of the influence of grazing intensity on the diversity and abundance of plants and spiders (Arachnida: Araneae)","authors":"Naim Berisha, Donard Geci","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"In restoration projects, low stock grazing has become a popular means of management. However, an accurate understanding of the effects of grazing on plants and spiders is often lacking. Although spiders and plants are not closely related evolutionarily or genetically, the relationship between them can be complex and diverse. Many species of spider build their webs or nests on plants, using the leaves, stems, or flowers as anchoring points. This provides them with protection from predators, access to prey and a stable habitat. On the other hand, spiders can provide a number of benefits to grassland ecosystems, such as helping to control populations of insects and other arthropods that can damage or consume grassland plants. This study addresses the effects of different grazing regimes on plant and spider diversity in siliceous grasslands. Plant and spider diversity was studied for four months in the Sharri Mountains (Kosovo) in order to determine the biodiversity in ungrazed, moderately grazed and overgrazed siliceuous grasslands. The responses of plant height, plant biomass, plant species diversity and spider species diversity to three grazing intensities at 12 sites were recorded. Vegetation structure (plant height and plant biomass) was significantly higher in ungrazed grasslands compared to grazed and overgrazed grasslands. This was not the case, however, for spider species richness and diversity, as these were higher in moderately grazed than ungrazed grassland. On overgrazed grasslands, spider diversity was extremely low, as only one species of spider (Pardosa saltuaria) was recorded. Plant and spider diversity increased in the following order: overgrazed grasslands < ungrazed grasslands < moderately grazed grasslands, in all the habitats studied. Different grazing intensities significantly affected the abundance of particular plants on siliceous grasslands, for example, Deschampsia cespitosa, one of the most dominant plants on siliceous grasslands had an abundance of 4.77% in ungrazed grasslands., but only 4.94% in moderately grazed grasslands and was absent in overgrazed grasslands. There were other species of plants that were most abundant in intensively grazed silicate grasslands. One of them was Nardus stricta, whose percentage in ungrazed, moderately grazed and overgrazed grasslands was characterized by a multiple exponential increase in % (s1 – ungrazed grasslands = 0.99%, s2 – moderately grazed grasslands = 1.25% and s3 – overgrazed grasslands = 10.50%). It is concluded that the intensity of grazing of natural grasslands directly affects biodiversity and that this information may be valuable for long-term management and conservation programs in similar habitats in SE Europe and beyond.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44447273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glyphosate is an organophosphate herbicide manufactured by Monsanto, which eliminates annual and perennial weeds by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) involved in the production of aromatic amino acids in plants and microorganisms. As this herbicide is used extensively, there is a lot of research on its effect on plants, animals and microbes, and human health. Glyphosate contaminates different ecosystems by spray drift, volatilization, and erosion by wind of it adsorbed on soil particles. Soil and aquatic microbiota play a significant role in this process. This molecule is resistant to abiotic degradation. Degradation by microbes is important. The aim of this review is to provide a concise and comprehensive survey of certain relevant aspects related to its effect on the biodiversity in soil. The effect on human health is also discussed.
{"title":"Effects of the herbicide glyphosate [n-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] on biodiversity and organisms in the soil","authors":"Hadjer Badani, Fatima Djadouni, Fatma Zohra Haddad","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"Glyphosate is an organophosphate herbicide manufactured by Monsanto, which eliminates annual and perennial weeds by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) involved in the production of aromatic amino acids in plants and microorganisms. As this herbicide is used extensively, there is a lot of research on its effect on plants, animals and microbes, and human health. Glyphosate contaminates different ecosystems by spray drift, volatilization, and erosion by wind of it adsorbed on soil particles. Soil and aquatic microbiota play a significant role in this process. This molecule is resistant to abiotic degradation. Degradation by microbes is important. The aim of this review is to provide a concise and comprehensive survey of certain relevant aspects related to its effect on the biodiversity in soil. The effect on human health is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43207849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2022.9
Maryam Rajabi Faghihi, Marjan Seiedy, Omkar
Mating involves the transfer of sperm to females. Female reproductive investment is based on gamete numbers as well as gamete size. Females are more selective than males and this selection is based on numerous factors, like a male’s age, sexual status and familiarity. Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important natural enemy of many insect pests such as aphids, psyllids, whiteflies and mealybugs in many countries. We investigated female mate choice in Hippodamia variegate caging females with: (i) a young and a middle-aged male, (ii) a virgin and mated male and (iii) a novel and a familiar male. Time to and duration of copulation were recorded. Females preferred to mate with middle-aged and familiar males and did not differentiate between previously mated and virgin males. Females copulated quicker and for longer with young or familiar males.
{"title":"Female choice of mates in the aphidophagous ladybird beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): the effect of male age, sexual status and familiarity","authors":"Maryam Rajabi Faghihi, Marjan Seiedy, Omkar","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2022.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2022.9","url":null,"abstract":"Mating involves the transfer of sperm to females. Female reproductive investment is based on gamete numbers as well as gamete size. Females are more selective than males and this selection is based on numerous factors, like a male’s age, sexual status and familiarity. Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important natural enemy of many insect pests such as aphids, psyllids, whiteflies and mealybugs in many countries. We investigated female mate choice in Hippodamia variegate caging females with: (i) a young and a middle-aged male, (ii) a virgin and mated male and (iii) a novel and a familiar male. Time to and duration of copulation were recorded. Females preferred to mate with middle-aged and familiar males and did not differentiate between previously mated and virgin males. Females copulated quicker and for longer with young or familiar males.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46798523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2022.12
M. Laamari, Mustapha Slimane Bouasbana, Randa Mahmoudi
This study was carried out in order to determine the initial distribution of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (1824) (Diptera, Tephrididae) in Algeria, the area now occupied and assess the role of climate change in determining its current distribution. The various surveys and trapping of adults indicate that in addition to the coastal, sub-coastal and Argan regions, this fly is also present in oases. It is reported in all the traditional oases where fruit trees are intercropped with date palm. From the 2000s, the area occupied by this fruit fly increased and spread into provinces where it was not previously reported. Gradually, it increased in abundance and became an important pest. The climate data recorded in the province of Batna (Aurès Mountains, Saharan Atlas) indicate there has been a change in climate. The annual and monthly average temperatures and relative humidity for the period 2000–2018, in this province became more favourable for this fruit fly than in the period 1913–1937, in particular, during the months of March, April, October and November. The results also indicate that in orchards where there are several types of fruit, the numbers of this fly are higher than where mainly apples are grown.
{"title":"Effect of climate change on the spatio-temporal distribution of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (1824) in Algeria","authors":"M. Laamari, Mustapha Slimane Bouasbana, Randa Mahmoudi","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2022.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in order to determine the initial distribution of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (1824) (Diptera, Tephrididae) in Algeria, the area now occupied and assess the role of climate change in determining its current distribution. The various surveys and trapping of adults indicate that in addition to the coastal, sub-coastal and Argan regions, this fly is also present in oases. It is reported in all the traditional oases where fruit trees are intercropped with date palm. From the 2000s, the area occupied by this fruit fly increased and spread into provinces where it was not previously reported. Gradually, it increased in abundance and became an important pest. The climate data recorded in the province of Batna (Aurès Mountains, Saharan Atlas) indicate there has been a change in climate. The annual and monthly average temperatures and relative humidity for the period 2000–2018, in this province became more favourable for this fruit fly than in the period 1913–1937, in particular, during the months of March, April, October and November. The results also indicate that in orchards where there are several types of fruit, the numbers of this fly are higher than where mainly apples are grown.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42436416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2022.7
M. Muliari, Y. Akmal, I. Irfannur, A. Isnansetyo, I. Istiqomah, M. Ulfa, Agung Setia Batubara
Pollution by palm oil mill effluent (POME) is of great concern in Indonesia. POME pollution of the water can adversely affect aquatic organisms, especially fish. This study aims to analyse the effect of POME on the haematology of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and haematocrit. A random experimental design was used (CRD) consisting of four treatments and five replications, including a Control (0% POME): Treatment A (10% of LC50-96 hours: 1.565 mg l−1), Treatment B (15% of LC50-96 hours: 2.347 mg l−1) and Treatment C (20% of LC50-96 hours: 3,130 mg l−1). The analysis of blood of fish exposed to POME for 15, 30 and 45 days revealed significant effects (p < 0.05) only on Hb and MCH on day 15 and WBC on day 30. This study indicates that exposure to POME can reduce the WBC value of tilapia recorded on day 30 in treatment C to a level lower than that recorded in other treatments. The Hb value recorded for tilapia exposed to POME on day 15 in treatment C was significantly higher than in the other treatments. Furthermore, POME caused a significant decrease in MCH recorded on day 15, with the lowest value recorded in treatment A. Based on the results of this study, POME can cause a significant decrease in WBC recorded on day 30 and MCH on day 15 and increase in Hb on day 15 in tilapia.
{"title":"Haematological responses of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus 1758) to exposure to effluent from palm oil mills (POME)","authors":"M. Muliari, Y. Akmal, I. Irfannur, A. Isnansetyo, I. Istiqomah, M. Ulfa, Agung Setia Batubara","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2022.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2022.7","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution by palm oil mill effluent (POME) is of great concern in Indonesia. POME pollution of the water can adversely affect aquatic organisms, especially fish. This study aims to analyse the effect of POME on the haematology of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and haematocrit. A random experimental design was used (CRD) consisting of four treatments and five replications, including a Control (0% POME): Treatment A (10% of LC50-96 hours: 1.565 mg l−1), Treatment B (15% of LC50-96 hours: 2.347 mg l−1) and Treatment C (20% of LC50-96 hours: 3,130 mg l−1). The analysis of blood of fish exposed to POME for 15, 30 and 45 days revealed significant effects (p < 0.05) only on Hb and MCH on day 15 and WBC on day 30. This study indicates that exposure to POME can reduce the WBC value of tilapia recorded on day 30 in treatment C to a level lower than that recorded in other treatments. The Hb value recorded for tilapia exposed to POME on day 15 in treatment C was significantly higher than in the other treatments. Furthermore, POME caused a significant decrease in MCH recorded on day 15, with the lowest value recorded in treatment A. Based on the results of this study, POME can cause a significant decrease in WBC recorded on day 30 and MCH on day 15 and increase in Hb on day 15 in tilapia.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42176122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2022.10
J. Frouz, Martina Píšová, J. Urban
A set of pictures of natural vegetation in protected areas and urbanized ecosystems were shown to respondents. Protected areas were ranked as natural. Perceived naturalness of ecosystems was positively correlated with the sense of beauty and preference for recreational use, but negatively with the feeling of security. When the respondents rated ecosystems as natural, they also regarded them as more dangerous. A cumulative link mixed model supported the statement that perceived ecosystem naturalness decreased the feeling of safety; this relationship was comparatively weaker among people living in small villages and gardeners.
{"title":"Perception of natural ecosystems and urban greenery: are we afraid of nature?","authors":"J. Frouz, Martina Píšová, J. Urban","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"A set of pictures of natural vegetation in protected areas and urbanized ecosystems were shown to respondents. Protected areas were ranked as natural. Perceived naturalness of ecosystems was positively correlated with the sense of beauty and preference for recreational use, but negatively with the feeling of security. When the respondents rated ecosystems as natural, they also regarded them as more dangerous. A cumulative link mixed model supported the statement that perceived ecosystem naturalness decreased the feeling of safety; this relationship was comparatively weaker among people living in small villages and gardeners.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41510220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2022.11
K. Holubová, Z. Musilová, P. Horká
Length-weight relationships (LWRs) are useful for calculating weight based on measurements of length. Here we provide LWRs for 17 species of fish from the rivers Vltava and Elbe in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. The samples were collected by electrofishing from May 2016 to August 2019. There are far fewer LWRs for riverine than lotic fish. All LWRs were significant with r2 values ranging from 0.99 for the European barbel (Barbus barbus) to 0.95 for European bullhead (Cottus gobio) and with estimated b values ranging from 2.93 in common dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) to 3.26 in non-native round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). These results increase the data on LWRs for fish in riverine environments and provides a good tool for managing fisheries and future studies.
{"title":"Regression analysis of the length-weight relationships for 17 common European fish in rivers in the Czech Republic","authors":"K. Holubová, Z. Musilová, P. Horká","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"Length-weight relationships (LWRs) are useful for calculating weight based on measurements of length. Here we provide LWRs for 17 species of fish from the rivers Vltava and Elbe in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. The samples were collected by electrofishing from May 2016 to August 2019. There are far fewer LWRs for riverine than lotic fish. All LWRs were significant with r2 values ranging from 0.99 for the European barbel (Barbus barbus) to 0.95 for European bullhead (Cottus gobio) and with estimated b values ranging from 2.93 in common dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) to 3.26 in non-native round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). These results increase the data on LWRs for fish in riverine environments and provides a good tool for managing fisheries and future studies.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41297878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2022.8
R. Bešta-Gajević, M. Gajević, S. Pilić, Zoran Adžaip, Samir Đug, Sabina Dahija
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, several illegal waste dumps pose a significant threat to soil and water contamination. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of heavy metal contamination of soils and microbiological contamination of water near investigated landfills. The goal was to identify the harmful effects of illegal landfills on the environment and public health, as well as assessing the potential of contaminants to pollute soil and water resources. Using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, the amounts and distribution of four heavy metals (Cd, Co, Pb, and Cr) in soil at four illegal landfills in Central Bosnia were studied. Three water samples collected near the dumpsites studied were tested for microbes. Bacteriological analyses of water included determination of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria and fecal enterococci. Quantitative results were analyzed using an analysis of variance and Tukey HSD post hoc test. Concentrations of Cd (4.96 mg/kg) and Pb (206.97 mg/kg) recorded in soil at particular sites were above the limits of maximum allowable concentration. Cr and Pb values in soil samples were relatively higher on average than that of Cd and Co. Enrichment factor and pollution load index indicated high concentration of heavy metals in soil, especially Cd. Based on these results, waste from illegal landfills may release considerable amounts of harmful metals and microbes into the environment.
{"title":"Potential environmental and human health risks caused by heavy metals and pathogens from illegal landfill sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"R. Bešta-Gajević, M. Gajević, S. Pilić, Zoran Adžaip, Samir Đug, Sabina Dahija","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2022.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2022.8","url":null,"abstract":"In Bosnia and Herzegovina, several illegal waste dumps pose a significant threat to soil and water contamination. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of heavy metal contamination of soils and microbiological contamination of water near investigated landfills. The goal was to identify the harmful effects of illegal landfills on the environment and public health, as well as assessing the potential of contaminants to pollute soil and water resources. Using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, the amounts and distribution of four heavy metals (Cd, Co, Pb, and Cr) in soil at four illegal landfills in Central Bosnia were studied. Three water samples collected near the dumpsites studied were tested for microbes. Bacteriological analyses of water included determination of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria and fecal enterococci. Quantitative results were analyzed using an analysis of variance and Tukey HSD post hoc test. Concentrations of Cd (4.96 mg/kg) and Pb (206.97 mg/kg) recorded in soil at particular sites were above the limits of maximum allowable concentration. Cr and Pb values in soil samples were relatively higher on average than that of Cd and Co. Enrichment factor and pollution load index indicated high concentration of heavy metals in soil, especially Cd. Based on these results, waste from illegal landfills may release considerable amounts of harmful metals and microbes into the environment.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44925068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-26DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2022.6
M. Hysenaj, Siditë Duraj
Waste management is a serious problem in developing countries. Solid waste (SW) statistics provide an indication of compliance with the targets of the Waste Framework Directives (WFD). This paper includes an analysis of specific variables that directly influence trends in the production of SW. Albania is divided into 12 first-level administrative units, counties. The objective of this paper is to concentrate on the geographical areas that provide the most striking results. The analyses use linear regression and Pearson correlation in which the dependent variable is waste generation and the independent variables, geographic, demographic and economic, are among those that are of greatest importance in the production of SW. The specific relationships are highly significant (r > 0.98) and are the input for the IDW interpolation maps. The disaggregated panorama is used to develop policy recommendations for waste management in the affected areas. Prediction of urban waste through a combination of mathematical equations and geographical tools is part of the results of this study.
{"title":"Perspective of solid waste generation in Albania based on a combination of correlation and interpolation","authors":"M. Hysenaj, Siditë Duraj","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2022.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2022.6","url":null,"abstract":"Waste management is a serious problem in developing countries. Solid waste (SW) statistics provide an indication of compliance with the targets of the Waste Framework Directives (WFD). This paper includes an analysis of specific variables that directly influence trends in the production of SW. Albania is divided into 12 first-level administrative units, counties. The objective of this paper is to concentrate on the geographical areas that provide the most striking results. The analyses use linear regression and Pearson correlation in which the dependent variable is waste generation and the independent variables, geographic, demographic and economic, are among those that are of greatest importance in the production of SW. The specific relationships are highly significant (r > 0.98) and are the input for the IDW interpolation maps. The disaggregated panorama is used to develop policy recommendations for waste management in the affected areas. Prediction of urban waste through a combination of mathematical equations and geographical tools is part of the results of this study.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41438629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-26DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2022.5
Tchister Morrel Ebissa, Bo Yang, O. Vindušková, Yi Gao, Q. Gong, Xiangqun Zheng
Nitrogen fertilizers are widely applied to increase rice yields, but excessive fertilization poses an environmental risk. It has been shown that rice-duck farming can be more efficient in terms of N use by improving rice growth. Several pathways have been proposed for how ducks may improve rice growth in paddy fields. The aim of this study was to investigate the isolated effect of rice-duck farm soil on rice, namely the N content in different plant organs and whether it differs among rice varieties. In a 116-day greenhouse pot experiment, six different Japonica rice varieties (JinU99, Jinyuan98, Jindao18, Jinyuan89, Jinhei1 and Jindao201) were grown in fertilized duck and no-duck soil after which the N content in their organs and the numbers of surviving and grain-producing plants were compared. The straw and leaf N concentrations were positively influenced by rice-duck farm soil while in the roots, this effect was recorded in only two rice varieties. Grain N content differed among varieties, but was not significantly influenced by soil type. Overall, N concentrations in straw and leaf, and roots of some rice varieties, but not in grain grown on duck soil were higher than that in those grown in soils not influenced by rice-duck farming. This study for the first time demonstrates that rice-duck farm soil alone can influence rice growth, namely an increase in the N content of certain rice plant organs.
{"title":"The influence of rice-duck farm soil on the nitrogen content of different varieties of japonica rice","authors":"Tchister Morrel Ebissa, Bo Yang, O. Vindušková, Yi Gao, Q. Gong, Xiangqun Zheng","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2022.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2022.5","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen fertilizers are widely applied to increase rice yields, but excessive fertilization poses an environmental risk. It has been shown that rice-duck farming can be more efficient in terms of N use by improving rice growth. Several pathways have been proposed for how ducks may improve rice growth in paddy fields. The aim of this study was to investigate the isolated effect of rice-duck farm soil on rice, namely the N content in different plant organs and whether it differs among rice varieties. In a 116-day greenhouse pot experiment, six different Japonica rice varieties (JinU99, Jinyuan98, Jindao18, Jinyuan89, Jinhei1 and Jindao201) were grown in fertilized duck and no-duck soil after which the N content in their organs and the numbers of surviving and grain-producing plants were compared. The straw and leaf N concentrations were positively influenced by rice-duck farm soil while in the roots, this effect was recorded in only two rice varieties. Grain N content differed among varieties, but was not significantly influenced by soil type. Overall, N concentrations in straw and leaf, and roots of some rice varieties, but not in grain grown on duck soil were higher than that in those grown in soils not influenced by rice-duck farming. This study for the first time demonstrates that rice-duck farm soil alone can influence rice growth, namely an increase in the N content of certain rice plant organs.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44385489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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