Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2019.12
Esha Jangra, K. Yadav, A. Aggarwal
A pot experiment was performed to see the interactive potential of Glomus mosseae and Acaulospora laevis alone or in combination with Pseudomonas fluorescens on Ocimum basilicum L. under glass house conditions. Various morphological and physiological parameters were measured after 120 days. Although, all co-inoculation treatments showed beneficial effects but G. mosseae is found to be the most compatible strain found in the rhizosphere of basil plant. G. mosseae alone or in combination with other bioinoculants showed maximum increase in all the different parameters studied (plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf number, inflorescence height, root and shoot phosphorus, acidic and alkaline phosphatase and oil content). The overall results demonstrate that the co-inoculation of P. fluorescens with AM fungi promotes higher mycorrhizal colonization enhancing nutrient acquisition especially phosphorus (P), producing plant growth hormones resulting in improvement of rhizospheric condition of soil, altering the physiological and biochemical properties of sweet basil.
{"title":"Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens on growth, physiological parameters and essential oil content in Ocimum basilicum L.","authors":"Esha Jangra, K. Yadav, A. Aggarwal","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.12","url":null,"abstract":"A pot experiment was performed to see the interactive potential of Glomus mosseae and Acaulospora laevis alone or in combination with Pseudomonas fluorescens on Ocimum basilicum L. under glass house conditions. Various morphological and physiological parameters were measured after 120 days. Although, all co-inoculation treatments showed beneficial effects but G. mosseae is found to be the most compatible strain found in the rhizosphere of basil plant. G. mosseae alone or in combination with other bioinoculants showed maximum increase in all the different parameters studied (plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf number, inflorescence height, root and shoot phosphorus, acidic and alkaline phosphatase and oil content). The overall results demonstrate that the co-inoculation of P. fluorescens with AM fungi promotes higher mycorrhizal colonization enhancing nutrient acquisition especially phosphorus (P), producing plant growth hormones resulting in improvement of rhizospheric condition of soil, altering the physiological and biochemical properties of sweet basil.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48149728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2019.2
H. Jahantigh, M. Masoudi, P. Jokar
Land use planning aims to formulate activities, administer potential changes and prevent incompatible changes. The aim of this studyis to prepare a land use plan for Chabahar County, Iran, based on a quantitative model using GIS. This study involves two main stages.First, the overlaying of geographical maps and preparing ecological capability maps of different land uses, like forestry, agriculture, rangemanagement, environmental conservation, ecotourism and development of villages, urban areas and industry using GIS. The second stageinvolves prioritizing the land uses taking into consideration the ecological and socio-economic characteristics of the study area and using aquantitative model. The results indicate that the proposed model provides better land use planning than Iran’s Makhdoom model. The newmodel provides clearer and more suitable uses for the land than those used currently. The results also indicated that the maximum area ofproposed uses (52.17%) was related to ecotourism, showing this land use had high potential and socio-economic demands in study area.Also, minimum area of proposed uses was related to development.
{"title":"A quantitative approach to land use planning using GIS – a case study of Chabahar County, Iran","authors":"H. Jahantigh, M. Masoudi, P. Jokar","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.2","url":null,"abstract":"Land use planning aims to formulate activities, administer potential changes and prevent incompatible changes. The aim of this studyis to prepare a land use plan for Chabahar County, Iran, based on a quantitative model using GIS. This study involves two main stages.First, the overlaying of geographical maps and preparing ecological capability maps of different land uses, like forestry, agriculture, rangemanagement, environmental conservation, ecotourism and development of villages, urban areas and industry using GIS. The second stageinvolves prioritizing the land uses taking into consideration the ecological and socio-economic characteristics of the study area and using aquantitative model. The results indicate that the proposed model provides better land use planning than Iran’s Makhdoom model. The newmodel provides clearer and more suitable uses for the land than those used currently. The results also indicated that the maximum area ofproposed uses (52.17%) was related to ecotourism, showing this land use had high potential and socio-economic demands in study area.Also, minimum area of proposed uses was related to development.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47998007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2019.5
P. Bomble, B. Nath
In natural ecosystems, organisms are usually subject to environmental stress. In order to understand the response to a combination ofthree stressors (desiccation, heat stress and starvation), two dipteran insects, Chironomus ramosus (aquatic) and Drosophila melanogaster(terrestrial) were chosen, the former being more primitive than the latter. The mortality level as a function of the duration of the exposureto stress revealed that these two evolutionarily distinct and ecologically diverse insects differ in their response. Interestingly, when thetolerance thresholds of C. ramosus and D. melanogaster to single and multiple stressors was compared, a synergistic effect was recordedwith much higher levels mortality occurring when subjected simultaneously to several stressors. Chironomus larvae were more vulnerablethan Drosophila larvae when subjected to all three stressors simultaneously. The findings of this pilot study indicate the ecological risk formacro-invertebrate biota posed by adverse environmental conditions.
{"title":"Comparative susceptibility of Chironomus and Drosophila to exposure to each and combinations of the following stressors: desiccation, heat stress and starvation","authors":"P. Bomble, B. Nath","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.5","url":null,"abstract":"In natural ecosystems, organisms are usually subject to environmental stress. In order to understand the response to a combination ofthree stressors (desiccation, heat stress and starvation), two dipteran insects, Chironomus ramosus (aquatic) and Drosophila melanogaster(terrestrial) were chosen, the former being more primitive than the latter. The mortality level as a function of the duration of the exposureto stress revealed that these two evolutionarily distinct and ecologically diverse insects differ in their response. Interestingly, when thetolerance thresholds of C. ramosus and D. melanogaster to single and multiple stressors was compared, a synergistic effect was recordedwith much higher levels mortality occurring when subjected simultaneously to several stressors. Chironomus larvae were more vulnerablethan Drosophila larvae when subjected to all three stressors simultaneously. The findings of this pilot study indicate the ecological risk formacro-invertebrate biota posed by adverse environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46707581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2019.4
S. Moradi, B. Pasari, R. Talebi
To study the effects of mycorrhiza, fulvic acid, seaweed extract and urea on physiological trait and leaf yield of tobacco, an experiment was carried out as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Marivan during 2015 year. In this study, the main factor was two levels of inoculation by mycorrhiza including: control: no inoculation and inoculation by mycorrhiza (Glomus interaradices) and subplot were stimulation growth compound in 5 levels as: control-distilled water, fulvic acid, seaweed extract, urea, fulvic acid+ seaweed extract + urea. The results showed that the characters, including: numbers of leaves and dry leaf weight of the middle leaf side of plant were affected significantly by mycorrihza. Hence, numbers of leaf and leaf dry weight of middle leaf side were increased by mycorrhiza inoculations. Also the results of foliar application of stimulation plant growth were showed that relative water content, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight in lower side leaves and leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight in middle side leaves and also spad and leaf fresh weight of upper side leaves of tobacco were affected significantly.
{"title":"Study of the effects of mycorrhiza, fulvic acid, seaweed extract and urea on physiological traits and leaf yield of tobacco (Burley 21)","authors":"S. Moradi, B. Pasari, R. Talebi","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.4","url":null,"abstract":"To study the effects of mycorrhiza, fulvic acid, seaweed extract and urea on physiological trait and leaf yield of tobacco, an experiment was carried out as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Marivan during 2015 year. In this study, the main factor was two levels of inoculation by mycorrhiza including: control: no inoculation and inoculation by mycorrhiza (Glomus interaradices) and subplot were stimulation growth compound in 5 levels as: control-distilled water, fulvic acid, seaweed extract, urea, fulvic acid+ seaweed extract + urea. The results showed that the characters, including: numbers of leaves and dry leaf weight of the middle leaf side of plant were affected significantly by mycorrihza. Hence, numbers of leaf and leaf dry weight of middle leaf side were increased by mycorrhiza inoculations. Also the results of foliar application of stimulation plant growth were showed that relative water content, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight in lower side leaves and leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight in middle side leaves and also spad and leaf fresh weight of upper side leaves of tobacco were affected significantly.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44468107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2019.6
E. Katsalirou, A. Gerakis, Xenophon Haldas
A critical step during the in vitro sexual propagation of Mediterranean orchids is the treatment of seeds with a disinfecting solution thatalso serves to scarify the seeds. If the seeds are not properly disinfected, microorganisms grow within the culture vessel, thus reducingthe efficacy of the process in terms of the extra time and materials required. On the other hand, a long period of disinfection may damagethe embryo. The literature is inconclusive with respect to the proper combination of disinfectant strength and duration of the treatment. Theobjective of this research is to determine the optimal scarification times for two orchid species with thin and thick seed coats, respectively.Seeds of Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) and Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) were treated with 0.5% NaClO solution for 5, 15, 25, 35, 45,55, 65, 75 and 85 minutes and sown in modified organic Malmgren medium. Logistic regression models were fitted to the results. We foundthat the longer the chemical treatment, the lower the percentage infection and higher the percentage germination, within the range oftimes tested. A chemical treatment of 85 minutes in 0.5% NaClO results in satisfactory percentage germination for both seeds with relativelypermeable seed coats such as A. laxiflora (Lam.) and those with relatively impermeable seed coats such as H. robertianum (Loisel.).
{"title":"Optimal scarification times for seeds of two Mediterranean orchids","authors":"E. Katsalirou, A. Gerakis, Xenophon Haldas","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.6","url":null,"abstract":"A critical step during the in vitro sexual propagation of Mediterranean orchids is the treatment of seeds with a disinfecting solution thatalso serves to scarify the seeds. If the seeds are not properly disinfected, microorganisms grow within the culture vessel, thus reducingthe efficacy of the process in terms of the extra time and materials required. On the other hand, a long period of disinfection may damagethe embryo. The literature is inconclusive with respect to the proper combination of disinfectant strength and duration of the treatment. Theobjective of this research is to determine the optimal scarification times for two orchid species with thin and thick seed coats, respectively.Seeds of Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) and Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) were treated with 0.5% NaClO solution for 5, 15, 25, 35, 45,55, 65, 75 and 85 minutes and sown in modified organic Malmgren medium. Logistic regression models were fitted to the results. We foundthat the longer the chemical treatment, the lower the percentage infection and higher the percentage germination, within the range oftimes tested. A chemical treatment of 85 minutes in 0.5% NaClO results in satisfactory percentage germination for both seeds with relativelypermeable seed coats such as A. laxiflora (Lam.) and those with relatively impermeable seed coats such as H. robertianum (Loisel.).","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48982825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2019.3
P. Cornelissen, Mathieu Decuyper, K. Sykora, J. Bokdam, F. Berendse
In many countries worldwide, measures have been taken in floodplains for flood prevention and nature rehabilitation. In the Netherlands, floodplains are lowered by excavating to enlarge the discharge capacity and to create opportunities for development of river habitats such as forest. As forest can obstruct the water flow through the floodplain, their development has to be controlled in some cases. In many floodplains, vegetation development is controlled by cattle and horses. We carried out an exclosure experiment over a twelve year period in a partly excavated and year-round grazed floodplain along a lowland river in the Netherlands. We focussed on the thorny shrub hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) as it plays an important role in the obstruction of the water flow and in the wood-pasture cycle. Most hawthorn shrubs established on the excavated part of the floodplain with low cover of tall herbs. The total number of established hawthorn was negatively related to inundation on the lower parts of the excavated sites and positively related to inundation on the higher parts of the excavated sites. The herbivores negatively affected establishment and growth of hawthorn. Although lowering the floodplain by excavation will increase discharge capacity of the floodplain in the short term, it will decrease in the long term as excavation also increases opportunities for floodplain forest. If flood prevention and nature rehabilitation are both goals to be achieved in a floodplain, hawthorn encroachment can be controlled by a clever design of the measures and grazing management is needed
{"title":"Forest development in a restored floodplain: effects of grazing, inundation and vegetation","authors":"P. Cornelissen, Mathieu Decuyper, K. Sykora, J. Bokdam, F. Berendse","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.3","url":null,"abstract":"In many countries worldwide, measures have been taken in floodplains for flood prevention and nature rehabilitation. In the Netherlands, floodplains are lowered by excavating to enlarge the discharge capacity and to create opportunities for development of river habitats such as forest. As forest can obstruct the water flow through the floodplain, their development has to be controlled in some cases. In many floodplains, vegetation development is controlled by cattle and horses. We carried out an exclosure experiment over a twelve year period in a partly excavated and year-round grazed floodplain along a lowland river in the Netherlands. We focussed on the thorny shrub hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) as it plays an important role in the obstruction of the water flow and in the wood-pasture cycle. Most hawthorn shrubs established on the excavated part of the floodplain with low cover of tall herbs. The total number of established hawthorn was negatively related to inundation on the lower parts of the excavated sites and positively related to inundation on the higher parts of the excavated sites. The herbivores negatively affected establishment and growth of hawthorn. Although lowering the floodplain by excavation will increase discharge capacity of the floodplain in the short term, it will decrease in the long term as excavation also increases opportunities for floodplain forest. If flood prevention and nature rehabilitation are both goals to be achieved in a floodplain, hawthorn encroachment can be controlled by a clever design of the measures and grazing management is needed","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42657805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2019.7
Zuzana Štípková, P. Kindlmann
By monitoring of 50 aphid colonies in 2017 and another 50 colonies in 2018 twice a week, we looked at how the aphid dynamics wasaffected by their natural enemies. This will help us to see, how much the presence of natural enemies shortens the duration of an aphidcolony, which may be one of the causes, why Harmonia axyridis is not very successful in the Mediterranean: the aphid colony may exist for aperiod of time too short in the Mediterranean conditions to enable successful development of H. axyridis.
{"title":"How much is aphid population dynamics affected by their natural enemies? An empirical example from Greece","authors":"Zuzana Štípková, P. Kindlmann","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.7","url":null,"abstract":"By monitoring of 50 aphid colonies in 2017 and another 50 colonies in 2018 twice a week, we looked at how the aphid dynamics wasaffected by their natural enemies. This will help us to see, how much the presence of natural enemies shortens the duration of an aphidcolony, which may be one of the causes, why Harmonia axyridis is not very successful in the Mediterranean: the aphid colony may exist for aperiod of time too short in the Mediterranean conditions to enable successful development of H. axyridis.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49249843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2019.1
V. Belyaev, Konstantin Bogolytsyn, O. Brovko, Y. Kutinov, N. Neverov, I. Palamarchuk, T. Boytsova, D. Chukhchin, D. V. Zhiltsov, N. Gorshkova
In geoecology, the nature of the effect of tectonic faults on the environment is not well studied. The influence of natural landscapegeochemicalfactors on the state and properties of some components of biota of different hierarchical levels is studied at the intersection oftwo tectonic faults (Velsko-Ust’yanskiy tectonic knot (TK)) in the Arkhangelsk region. Two species of shrubby lichens (Cladonia stellaris Opiz.and Usnea subfloridana Stirt.) and woody plants (spruce – Picea abies L. and Scots pine – Pinus sylvestris L.) were chosen as test systems. Thefield studies were carried out at nine test sites (in the centre, on the periphery and some distance from TK – the background reference point)in different types of forest. The ash content of samples of the lichen Cladonia growing in the centre of the TK (1.12–1.22%) is double that in thecontrol area (0.56–0.58%), and for the lichen Usnea, it is seven times higher (6.82–6.99% at the centre and 0.97–1.09% in the control area). Theash content of tree bark collected at the centre of TK (1.27–1.29%) is double that at the control site (0.56–0.76%). This indicates a significantaccumulation of metals in the vegetation in the TK zone. The accumulation of heavy metals, the low water content of plants, the influenceof geomagnetic fields and other factors provoke excessive generation of active oxygen radicals and plants have various physiological,biochemical and morpho-biometric means of combating their adverse effects. The synergism of the cooperative protective action of lichenmatrix components on oxidative stress is expressed in terms of changes in biochemical parameters. At the centre of the TK, the lichenscontains up to 190 μg g−1 of ascorbic acid, whereas in the control area it does not exceed 130 μg g−1. The content of usninic acid in thecentre is 1.5–2 times higher for the Usnea subfloridana and is 1.5 times higher for Cladonia stellaris compared to the level in the control area.
{"title":"Influence of tectonic faults on the conditions and properties of some components of a biogeocenosis in a subarctic area","authors":"V. Belyaev, Konstantin Bogolytsyn, O. Brovko, Y. Kutinov, N. Neverov, I. Palamarchuk, T. Boytsova, D. Chukhchin, D. V. Zhiltsov, N. Gorshkova","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2019.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2019.1","url":null,"abstract":"In geoecology, the nature of the effect of tectonic faults on the environment is not well studied. The influence of natural landscapegeochemicalfactors on the state and properties of some components of biota of different hierarchical levels is studied at the intersection oftwo tectonic faults (Velsko-Ust’yanskiy tectonic knot (TK)) in the Arkhangelsk region. Two species of shrubby lichens (Cladonia stellaris Opiz.and Usnea subfloridana Stirt.) and woody plants (spruce – Picea abies L. and Scots pine – Pinus sylvestris L.) were chosen as test systems. Thefield studies were carried out at nine test sites (in the centre, on the periphery and some distance from TK – the background reference point)in different types of forest. The ash content of samples of the lichen Cladonia growing in the centre of the TK (1.12–1.22%) is double that in thecontrol area (0.56–0.58%), and for the lichen Usnea, it is seven times higher (6.82–6.99% at the centre and 0.97–1.09% in the control area). Theash content of tree bark collected at the centre of TK (1.27–1.29%) is double that at the control site (0.56–0.76%). This indicates a significantaccumulation of metals in the vegetation in the TK zone. The accumulation of heavy metals, the low water content of plants, the influenceof geomagnetic fields and other factors provoke excessive generation of active oxygen radicals and plants have various physiological,biochemical and morpho-biometric means of combating their adverse effects. The synergism of the cooperative protective action of lichenmatrix components on oxidative stress is expressed in terms of changes in biochemical parameters. At the centre of the TK, the lichenscontains up to 190 μg g−1 of ascorbic acid, whereas in the control area it does not exceed 130 μg g−1. The content of usninic acid in thecentre is 1.5–2 times higher for the Usnea subfloridana and is 1.5 times higher for Cladonia stellaris compared to the level in the control area.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48414054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.16
S. Chawla, V. Nguyen, C. P. Torres, M. Pavelka, Jan Trusina, M. Marek
The main aim of the study is to investigate general and temporal characteristics of wind speed and direction at Ecosystem station (ES) Rajec located in southern highlands of the Czech Republic which is part of Czech Carbon Observation System (CzeCOS) network. Four years (2013-16) of eddy co-variance data from mature monoculture spruce (Picea abies) forest was used to build the wind rose and analyze the wind characteristics. The prevailing wind directions at ES Rajec were South-East and North-West and general orography of region being a highland does not impact the wind flow. Seasonal variation in the wind was observed which was mainly due to general circulation. The paper also investigates the occurrence of calm wind conditions (u <1 m s-1) which was 6% on an average for four years and the average of day-time and night-time calm conditions were observed as 8% and 4% respectively.
本研究的主要目的是调查位于捷克共和国南部高地的生态系统站（ES）Rajec的风速和风向的一般和时间特征，该站是捷克碳观测系统（CzeCOS）网络的一部分。利用四年（2013-16）的成熟单作云杉（Picea abies）林的涡共方差数据建立了风玫瑰，并分析了风的特征。ES Rajec的主导风向为东南和西北，该地区作为高地的总体地形不会影响气流。观察到风的季节性变化，这主要是由于环流。本文还调查了四年来平均6%的平静风况（u＜1 m s-1）的发生率，白天和夜间的平均平静风况分别为8%和4%。
{"title":"Wind characteristics recorded at the Czech Carbon Observation System (CzeCOS) site Rajec","authors":"S. Chawla, V. Nguyen, C. P. Torres, M. Pavelka, Jan Trusina, M. Marek","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.16","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the study is to investigate general and temporal characteristics of wind speed and direction at Ecosystem station (ES) Rajec located in southern highlands of the Czech Republic which is part of Czech Carbon Observation System (CzeCOS) network. Four years (2013-16) of eddy co-variance data from mature monoculture spruce (Picea abies) forest was used to build the wind rose and analyze the wind characteristics. The prevailing wind directions at ES Rajec were South-East and North-West and general orography of region being a highland does not impact the wind flow. Seasonal variation in the wind was observed which was mainly due to general circulation. The paper also investigates the occurrence of calm wind conditions (u <1 m s-1) which was 6% on an average for four years and the average of day-time and night-time calm conditions were observed as 8% and 4% respectively.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41931256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.15
Z. Křenová, V. Zýval, Vladimír Zýval jun., Z. Chocholoušková
The negative effects of applying deicing salts to ecosystems are well documented for many countries. Most chemical transport from roads occurs in stormwater runoff through or over soil. Runoff pollutants alter soil chemistry, may be absorbed by plants and affect stream ecosystems, where they are dispersed and diluted over considerable distances. There was little detailed knowledge of the effects of deicing salts on ecosystems in the Bavarian Forest NP until 2011, when nine permanent sites were established along the main road in the eastern part of the NP. Soil samples were collected from four of these permanent sites in 2012, 2015 and 2018 and analysed by a certified laboratory. The results of soil chemical analysis were used to compare sites and samples from years 2012, 2015 and 2018. Our research confirmed the increasing concentrations of Na+ and Cl− ions in ecosystems in the Bavarian Forest NP. The highest concentrations of Na+ and Cl− ions were recorded in samples from sites # 4 and 5, which are located only several meters from the bank of the Grosse Ohe River. These concentrations were more than ten times higher than in samples from sites where deicing salt was not used. Amphibians, water insects and other extremely sensitive species and habitats occur in this part of the Bavarian Forest NP and are probably suffering from increasing salinity of their habitats. More research focusing on a better understanding of the spread of deicing salt in the ecosystem together with improving road maintenance technologies are need in order to improve the situation.
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