Pub Date : 2016-12-10DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2016.15
M. Laamari, S. Boughida, Halima Merouani
This information on the Russian wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae) in those regions of Algeria wherecereals are grown is based on a nineteen year study. This revealed that this aphid is widely distributed in the high plateaus and interior plainswith semi-arid climates. The mummies of this aphid found among its colonies were collected and 4 parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae,Aphidiinae) where identified. These were Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh), Aphidius matricariae (Haliday), Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Destefani) andLysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson), with D. rapae the most abundant. Moreover, this study also indicates that the cyclical appearance of thisaphid is determined by the intensity of precipitation during winter and spring.
{"title":"Distribution, parasitoids and cyclic appearance of Russian wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko, 1913) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in Algeria","authors":"M. Laamari, S. Boughida, Halima Merouani","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2016.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2016.15","url":null,"abstract":"This information on the Russian wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae) in those regions of Algeria wherecereals are grown is based on a nineteen year study. This revealed that this aphid is widely distributed in the high plateaus and interior plainswith semi-arid climates. The mummies of this aphid found among its colonies were collected and 4 parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae,Aphidiinae) where identified. These were Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh), Aphidius matricariae (Haliday), Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Destefani) andLysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson), with D. rapae the most abundant. Moreover, this study also indicates that the cyclical appearance of thisaphid is determined by the intensity of precipitation during winter and spring.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"103-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67042117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-10DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2016.12
K. Novotná, M. Baresova, Lenka Čermáková, J. Načeradská, M. Pivokonský
Coagulation of peptides and proteins produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and their influence on the coagulation of hydrophobic kaolinite particles were investigated. For this purpose, the dose of ferric sulphate used as the coagulant was optimized and jar tests with kaolinite, peptides/proteins and both kaolinite and peptides/proteins were carried out under different pH conditions. At pH 4–5.5, the peptides/proteins were efficiently coagulated and peptides/proteins were also found to contribute to the coagulation of kaolinite particles at this pH. Charge neutralization and adsorption were found to be the dominant coagulation mechanisms. The coagulation efficiency and the character of the prevailing coagulation mechanism were strongly dependent on the charge characteristics of the peptides/proteins, kaolinite and hydrolysis products of iron, thus on the pH value. At a pH of about 6, the coagulation process deteriorated due to the formation of soluble Fe-peptide/protein complexes.
{"title":"Effect of cyanobacterial peptides and proteins on coagulation of kaolinite","authors":"K. Novotná, M. Baresova, Lenka Čermáková, J. Načeradská, M. Pivokonský","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2016.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2016.12","url":null,"abstract":"Coagulation of peptides and proteins produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and their influence on the coagulation of hydrophobic kaolinite particles were investigated. For this purpose, the dose of ferric sulphate used as the coagulant was optimized and jar tests with kaolinite, peptides/proteins and both kaolinite and peptides/proteins were carried out under different pH conditions. At pH 4–5.5, the peptides/proteins were efficiently coagulated and peptides/proteins were also found to contribute to the coagulation of kaolinite particles at this pH. Charge neutralization and adsorption were found to be the dominant coagulation mechanisms. The coagulation efficiency and the character of the prevailing coagulation mechanism were strongly dependent on the charge characteristics of the peptides/proteins, kaolinite and hydrolysis products of iron, thus on the pH value. At a pH of about 6, the coagulation process deteriorated due to the formation of soluble Fe-peptide/protein complexes.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67041614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-10DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2016.14
E. Darenová, T. Fabiánek, M. Pavelka
Efflux of CO2 from soil is a major component of the terrestrial ecosystem and plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. In this study the efflux of CO2 from soil was measured in three stands of Norway spruce. We investigated differences in the efflux of CO2 from soil in different age classes of the forest: two young (YR and YBK) and one old (OR) stand, during the growing season in 2010. The lowest amount of soil CO2 released was recorded in OR (14.9 t ha−1), which was just over half that recorded in the young stands. There were no significant differences in total soil CO2 released recorded in YR and YBK (29.3 and 27.2 t ha−1). Efflux of CO2 recorded in OR and YR during July was low because of lack of rain. When the efflux of CO2 from soil in OR and YR, respectively, was estimated on the basis of the soil moisture measured at YBK, the modelled cumulative amount of soil CO2 released increased by 10.9 and 11.4%. Our results indicate that the age of a stand can be an important and easily obtained factor for predicting the amount of soil CO2 released at the regional level.
土壤CO2外排是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。在本研究中，测量了三个挪威云杉林分土壤中CO2的外排。在2010年的生长季节，我们研究了不同年龄层的森林:两个幼林(YR和YBK)和一个老林(OR)在土壤中CO2外排的差异。土壤CO2释放量最低的是OR林(14.9 tha - 1)，仅为幼林的一半多一点。在土壤CO2总释放量方面，YR和YBK的差异不显著(分别为29.3和27.2 t ha−1)。由于少雨，7月OR和YR记录的CO2外排较低。当基于YBK测量的土壤水分分别估算OR和YR土壤的CO2外排时，模拟的土壤CO2累计释放量增加了10.9%和11.4%。结果表明，林龄是预测区域土壤CO2释放量的一个重要且容易获得的因子。
{"title":"Efflux of CO2 from soil in Norway spruce stands of different ages: A case study","authors":"E. Darenová, T. Fabiánek, M. Pavelka","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2016.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2016.14","url":null,"abstract":"Efflux of CO2 from soil is a major component of the terrestrial ecosystem and plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. In this study the efflux of CO2 from soil was measured in three stands of Norway spruce. We investigated differences in the efflux of CO2 from soil in different age classes of the forest: two young (YR and YBK) and one old (OR) stand, during the growing season in 2010. The lowest amount of soil CO2 released was recorded in OR (14.9 t ha−1), which was just over half that recorded in the young stands. There were no significant differences in total soil CO2 released recorded in YR and YBK (29.3 and 27.2 t ha−1). Efflux of CO2 recorded in OR and YR during July was low because of lack of rain. When the efflux of CO2 from soil in OR and YR, respectively, was estimated on the basis of the soil moisture measured at YBK, the modelled cumulative amount of soil CO2 released increased by 10.9 and 11.4%. Our results indicate that the age of a stand can be an important and easily obtained factor for predicting the amount of soil CO2 released at the regional level.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"98-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67042504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-10DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2016.11
O. Lhotský, E. Sýkorová, T. Hudcová, A. Filipová, T. Cajthaml
These experiments were performed to verify the potential ways of treating pig farm effluents using aeration, struvite precipitation and filtration. MgCl2 brine was added as a source of magnesium for struvite precipitation. Following aeration, precipitated struvite was separated from the effluent by filtration through a compressed straw filter. The filter plus struvite can be composted to yield struvite-enriched compost. A series of 5 batch pilot-scale experiments (effluent volumes from 200–400 l) was carried out and laboratory tests on the same effluent were performed to validate the pilot-scale results. Following 24 hours of aeration the pH increased to from 8.5 to 9, providing good conditions for struvite precipitation. Filtration proved to be efficient for separating precipitated struvite and total suspended solids. The efficiency of orthophosphate phosphorus removal in the pilot system varied from 63 to 96%, ammonia nitrogen removal varied from 22 to 79%, but magnesium removal efficiency was low due to the high natural Mg concentration, suggesting that the addition of Mg might not be necessary. Chemical oxidation demand declined significantly as a result of very high bacterial activity and the treated effluent no longer had an unpleasant smell.
{"title":"Treatment of pig farm effluents by aeration, struvite precipitation and filtration","authors":"O. Lhotský, E. Sýkorová, T. Hudcová, A. Filipová, T. Cajthaml","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2016.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2016.11","url":null,"abstract":"These experiments were performed to verify the potential ways of treating pig farm effluents using aeration, struvite precipitation and filtration. MgCl2 brine was added as a source of magnesium for struvite precipitation. Following aeration, precipitated struvite was separated from the effluent by filtration through a compressed straw filter. The filter plus struvite can be composted to yield struvite-enriched compost. A series of 5 batch pilot-scale experiments (effluent volumes from 200–400 l) was carried out and laboratory tests on the same effluent were performed to validate the pilot-scale results. Following 24 hours of aeration the pH increased to from 8.5 to 9, providing good conditions for struvite precipitation. Filtration proved to be efficient for separating precipitated struvite and total suspended solids. The efficiency of orthophosphate phosphorus removal in the pilot system varied from 63 to 96%, ammonia nitrogen removal varied from 22 to 79%, but magnesium removal efficiency was low due to the high natural Mg concentration, suggesting that the addition of Mg might not be necessary. Chemical oxidation demand declined significantly as a result of very high bacterial activity and the treated effluent no longer had an unpleasant smell.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67041593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-10DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2016.16
Karolína Bílá
We attempt here to review recent studies focusing on droughts and hydrology in the Sumava Mts. The main question is can bark beetles affect water regimes in forest and what kind of measures might be taken – if any – to prevent bark beetle attacks. We compared results for natural forest, clear-cuts in managed forest and dead forest killed by a bark beetle attack. As expected, there was more water and a lower air temperature above the soil surface in natural forest. Dead trees shade undergrowth and so moderate temperature fluctuations. The conditions in clear-cuts are the worst for natural forest regeneration. There are no significant changes in the water cycle in catchment areas affected by bark beetle infections. However, it is predicted there is likely to be a slow decline in the amount of water due to a local change in climate, i.e. air temperature increase and precipitation decrease. It is concluded that droughts might occur more often and independently of bark beetle outbreaks in the future.
{"title":"Are bark beetles responsible for droughts in the Šumava Mts.? A mini-review","authors":"Karolína Bílá","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2016.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2016.16","url":null,"abstract":"We attempt here to review recent studies focusing on droughts and hydrology in the Sumava Mts. The main question is can bark beetles affect water regimes in forest and what kind of measures might be taken – if any – to prevent bark beetle attacks. We compared results for natural forest, clear-cuts in managed forest and dead forest killed by a bark beetle attack. As expected, there was more water and a lower air temperature above the soil surface in natural forest. Dead trees shade undergrowth and so moderate temperature fluctuations. The conditions in clear-cuts are the worst for natural forest regeneration. There are no significant changes in the water cycle in catchment areas affected by bark beetle infections. However, it is predicted there is likely to be a slow decline in the amount of water due to a local change in climate, i.e. air temperature increase and precipitation decrease. It is concluded that droughts might occur more often and independently of bark beetle outbreaks in the future.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"108-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67042228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-19DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2016.4
P. Chatzimpiros, N. Roumelioti, Anna Zamba, K. Hadjibiros
One important component of the urban contribution to carbon dioxide atmospheric emissions is road transport. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from urban road transport in the centre of Athens recorded over a period of five years (2000–2005) are compared with the carbon sequestration capacity of regional forests, prior to and after the devastating forest fires in Attica in 2007 and 2009, which is the administrative region of Athens. The comparison of carbon flow reveals two complementary aspects of the same socio-environmental issue: persistent sources versus weakening sinks for CO2 within a mixed (urban and rural) setting. Road transport emissions are calculated bottom-up using traffic data from in-situ measurements along segments of main roads. The sequestration capacity of forests is estimated by combining satellite images of changes in land cover with literature values of biomass growth rates. Over the study period, the per capita CO2 emissions averaged 0.72 t CO2/cap/year, which is four times higher than the sequestration capacity of forests before and six times higher after the fires. This imbalance highlights the inadequacy of the local carbon sink. Although there is no biogeochemical need to neutralise carbon budgets locally, defining the CO2 flows from urban activities and local ecosystems is likely to raise awareness and promote global environmental sustainability. The results are compared with top-down estimates of CO2 emissions at a regional scale, where suburban areas are dominant, and the differences are discussed in the light of local socioeconomic factors.
城市对大气二氧化碳排放的一个重要贡献是道路运输。雅典市中心城市道路运输的二氧化碳(CO2)排放量记录了5年(2000-2005年)期间的记录，并与2007年和2009年雅典行政区域阿提卡(Attica)毁灭性森林火灾前后区域森林的碳封存能力进行了比较。碳流的比较揭示了同一社会环境问题的两个互补方面:在混合(城市和农村)环境中，二氧化碳的持久源与减弱汇。道路运输排放是根据主要道路分段的现场测量数据自下而上计算的。森林的固存能力是通过结合土地覆盖变化的卫星图像和生物量增长率的文献值来估计的。在研究期间，人均二氧化碳排放量平均为0.72 t CO2/cap/年，是火灾前森林固存能力的4倍，火灾后森林固存能力的6倍。这种不平衡凸显了当地碳汇的不足。虽然生物地球化学不需要在当地抵消碳预算，但确定城市活动和当地生态系统的二氧化碳流量可能会提高人们的认识，促进全球环境的可持续性。结果与区域尺度上自上而下的二氧化碳排放估算值进行了比较，其中郊区占主导地位，并根据当地社会经济因素讨论了差异。
{"title":"Road transport carbon emissions and forest sequestration capacity in the region of Athens before and after forest fires","authors":"P. Chatzimpiros, N. Roumelioti, Anna Zamba, K. Hadjibiros","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2016.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2016.4","url":null,"abstract":"One important component of the urban contribution to carbon dioxide atmospheric emissions is road transport. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from urban road transport in the centre of Athens recorded over a period of five years (2000–2005) are compared with the carbon sequestration capacity of regional forests, prior to and after the devastating forest fires in Attica in 2007 and 2009, which is the administrative region of Athens. The comparison of carbon flow reveals two complementary aspects of the same socio-environmental issue: persistent sources versus weakening sinks for CO2 within a mixed (urban and rural) setting. Road transport emissions are calculated bottom-up using traffic data from in-situ measurements along segments of main roads. The sequestration capacity of forests is estimated by combining satellite images of changes in land cover with literature values of biomass growth rates. Over the study period, the per capita CO2 emissions averaged 0.72 t CO2/cap/year, which is four times higher than the sequestration capacity of forests before and six times higher after the fires. This imbalance highlights the inadequacy of the local carbon sink. Although there is no biogeochemical need to neutralise carbon budgets locally, defining the CO2 flows from urban activities and local ecosystems is likely to raise awareness and promote global environmental sustainability. The results are compared with top-down estimates of CO2 emissions at a regional scale, where suburban areas are dominant, and the differences are discussed in the light of local socioeconomic factors.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67042286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-19DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2016.2
E. Feleki, C. Vlachokostas, C. Achillas, N. Moussiopoulos, Alexandar V. Michailidou
Mind mapping tools are used to stimulate thinking about sustainability and define its significance for urban planning. Such tools are based on keywords that are identified and structured through dialogue-based procedures. The approach can be used also for switching between highlighting sectorial aspects, such as territorial management and urban design, social and economic cohesion and cross-sectorial aspects, such as sustainable mobility and energy efficiency. This paper emphasizes a structured dialogue with desicion-makers at national, regional and local levels, aimed at identifying what decision-makers really need to decide and the key barriers to the implementation of existing urban sustainability tools. This study was organized in four discrete steps. Initially, what EU urban sustainability projects can deliver (studies, methodologies, tools, policies, etc.) was identified. The deliverables were evaluated against certain criteria and categorized into cross-cutting aspects (territorial management and urban design, social and economic cohesion) and sectorial aspects (sustainable mobility, energy efficiency). The structured dialogue was implemented in parallel with the evaluation of the deliverables in order to match them with decision-makers’ needs, priorities and expectations. The ultimate goal was to develop and make available an operational Decision Support System (DSS) for public Authorities and urban planners, which combines their needs, priorities and expectations (structured dialogue results) with existing deliverables, developed within the framework of EU projects that up to now have had a low transferability and applicability rate.
{"title":"Involving decision-makers in the transformation of results into urban sustainability policies","authors":"E. Feleki, C. Vlachokostas, C. Achillas, N. Moussiopoulos, Alexandar V. Michailidou","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2016.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2016.2","url":null,"abstract":"Mind mapping tools are used to stimulate thinking about sustainability and define its significance for urban planning. Such tools are based on keywords that are identified and structured through dialogue-based procedures. The approach can be used also for switching between highlighting sectorial aspects, such as territorial management and urban design, social and economic cohesion and cross-sectorial aspects, such as sustainable mobility and energy efficiency. This paper emphasizes a structured dialogue with desicion-makers at national, regional and local levels, aimed at identifying what decision-makers really need to decide and the key barriers to the implementation of existing urban sustainability tools. This study was organized in four discrete steps. Initially, what EU urban sustainability projects can deliver (studies, methodologies, tools, policies, etc.) was identified. The deliverables were evaluated against certain criteria and categorized into cross-cutting aspects (territorial management and urban design, social and economic cohesion) and sectorial aspects (sustainable mobility, energy efficiency). The structured dialogue was implemented in parallel with the evaluation of the deliverables in order to match them with decision-makers’ needs, priorities and expectations. The ultimate goal was to develop and make available an operational Decision Support System (DSS) for public Authorities and urban planners, which combines their needs, priorities and expectations (structured dialogue results) with existing deliverables, developed within the framework of EU projects that up to now have had a low transferability and applicability rate.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67042384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-19DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2016.9
M. Benicha, R. Mrabet, A. Azmani
This study was undertaken to investigate distribution, fractionation, bioavailability and remobilization characteristics of bound soil-aged carbofuran and the effect of ageing in clay soil in a typical field of sugar beet at Loukkos in northwest Morocco. Results indicate that initially there were high levels of bound residues (BR) in the humin fraction, which decreased with incubation time and ageing of the BR. While in the fulvic and humic acid fractions, the amount of BR increased with the ageing of the BR and occurred predominantly (60%) in the fulvic acid fraction. The possibility of the mineralization and release of BR with ageing was studied using fresh soil and an incubation period of 90 days. The results indicate that the ageing of the residues have a great influence on the remobilization and mineralization rates of carbofuran BR; 9.45 to 14.90% of the total BR was released as extractable residues, and 1.95 to 4.15% was mineralized depending on the age of the residues in soil and the soil-aged carbofuran BR. The incorporation of the residues in the humin fraction is considered to be a threat to the environment. On the other hand, the clear prevalence of residues in the fulvic and humic acid fractions, may have an important effect on their bioavailability and movement in soil. Moreover, the re-extractability of BR could pose a potential environmental risk. Consequently, the BR remobilized must be taken into account when assessing for registration processes the environmental risk of pesticides persisting in soils.
{"title":"Characterization of carbofuran bound residues and the effect of ageing on their distribution and bioavailability in the soil of a sugar beet field in north-western Morocco","authors":"M. Benicha, R. Mrabet, A. Azmani","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2016.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2016.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to investigate distribution, fractionation, bioavailability and remobilization characteristics of bound soil-aged carbofuran and the effect of ageing in clay soil in a typical field of sugar beet at Loukkos in northwest Morocco. Results indicate that initially there were high levels of bound residues (BR) in the humin fraction, which decreased with incubation time and ageing of the BR. While in the fulvic and humic acid fractions, the amount of BR increased with the ageing of the BR and occurred predominantly (60%) in the fulvic acid fraction. The possibility of the mineralization and release of BR with ageing was studied using fresh soil and an incubation period of 90 days. The results indicate that the ageing of the residues have a great influence on the remobilization and mineralization rates of carbofuran BR; 9.45 to 14.90% of the total BR was released as extractable residues, and 1.95 to 4.15% was mineralized depending on the age of the residues in soil and the soil-aged carbofuran BR. The incorporation of the residues in the humin fraction is considered to be a threat to the environment. On the other hand, the clear prevalence of residues in the fulvic and humic acid fractions, may have an important effect on their bioavailability and movement in soil. Moreover, the re-extractability of BR could pose a potential environmental risk. Consequently, the BR remobilized must be taken into account when assessing for registration processes the environmental risk of pesticides persisting in soils.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67042561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-19DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2016.3
N. Gavanas, G. Pozoukidou, E. Verani
A literature review indicates that there is an increasing number of Land Use/Transport Interaction (LUTI) models being used in policy analysis and support of urban land use, transport and environmental planning. In this context, LUTI models are considered to be useful for the development of scenarios during the preparatory stage of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs). A SUMP can be defined as a strategic planning framework, proposed by the European Commission, for planning and design of an urban multimodal transport system, which combines multi-disciplinary policy analysis and decision making. The objective of a SUMP is to achieve sustainable urban mobility, i.e. accessibility for all, safety and security, reduction in emissions and energy consumption, efficient and cost-effective transport and an improvement in the urban environment. Based on the overall conceptual and methodological framework of LUTI models (Geurs and van Wee 2004), the scope of the proposed research is to fully integrate a LUTI model into a contemporary transport planning framework and, more specifically, into the SUMP structure. This paper focuses on the configuration of the integration pattern, according to which a LUTI model may evolve and interact with the planning process throughout the eleven elements of the SUMP, as well as the evaluation of the benefits and drawbacks from the implementation of the proposed pattern for the enhancement of SUMP and overall promotion of sustainable urban planning.
{"title":"Integration of LUTI models into Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs)","authors":"N. Gavanas, G. Pozoukidou, E. Verani","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2016.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2016.3","url":null,"abstract":"A literature review indicates that there is an increasing number of Land Use/Transport Interaction (LUTI) models being used in policy analysis and support of urban land use, transport and environmental planning. In this context, LUTI models are considered to be useful for the development of scenarios during the preparatory stage of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs). A SUMP can be defined as a strategic planning framework, proposed by the European Commission, for planning and design of an urban multimodal transport system, which combines multi-disciplinary policy analysis and decision making. The objective of a SUMP is to achieve sustainable urban mobility, i.e. accessibility for all, safety and security, reduction in emissions and energy consumption, efficient and cost-effective transport and an improvement in the urban environment. Based on the overall conceptual and methodological framework of LUTI models (Geurs and van Wee 2004), the scope of the proposed research is to fully integrate a LUTI model into a contemporary transport planning framework and, more specifically, into the SUMP structure. This paper focuses on the configuration of the integration pattern, according to which a LUTI model may evolve and interact with the planning process throughout the eleven elements of the SUMP, as well as the evaluation of the benefits and drawbacks from the implementation of the proposed pattern for the enhancement of SUMP and overall promotion of sustainable urban planning.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67042093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-19DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2016.8
Z. Křesinová, K. Petrů, O. Lhotský, T. Rodsand, T. Cajthaml
Passive sampling is a rapidly developing technology, which is widely used for the monitoring of pollutants in different environments. Passive sampling offers significant advantages over traditional grab sampling. In the present review, the authors summarize the current literature on the methods of passive sampling used in the environmental monitoring of polar or semi-polar compounds in aqueous matrices. Methods of calibrating, design and deployment of samplers are also discussed. A major focus of this review is the use of polar organic compound integrative samplers (POCIS) and their use in sampling and monitoring of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PCPs) in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions.
{"title":"PASSIVE SAMPLING OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS","authors":"Z. Křesinová, K. Petrů, O. Lhotský, T. Rodsand, T. Cajthaml","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2016.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2016.8","url":null,"abstract":"Passive sampling is a rapidly developing technology, which is widely used for the monitoring of pollutants in different environments. Passive sampling offers significant advantages over traditional grab sampling. In the present review, the authors summarize the current literature on the methods of passive sampling used in the environmental monitoring of polar or semi-polar compounds in aqueous matrices. Methods of calibrating, design and deployment of samplers are also discussed. A major focus of this review is the use of polar organic compound integrative samplers (POCIS) and their use in sampling and monitoring of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PCPs) in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67042954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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