Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.17
Karolína Bílá
Proper management of woods infested by bark beetle – clearing infested trees to prevent spread of bark beetle, or leaving them to preserve biodiversity – is a hotly debated topic. Differences in temperature regime between differentially managed areas are often-used arguments in these discussions. Results from the field measurements are confusing. Therefore, here we review previous studies and report our results of using thermal sensors in the field to determine the factors that might affect the differences in temperature reported in previous papers. Our results indicate that the variability recorded in one particular habitat, dry forest, is associated with the specific characteristics of the locality of each microsite/sensor. We conclude that it is important to consider not only the temperatures recorded but also describe microsites in detail in terms of vegetation structure, sunshine or numbers of trees per unit area.
{"title":"Is measuring of temperature fluctuations following bark beetle infestation in differentially managed forests objective?","authors":"Karolína Bílá","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.17","url":null,"abstract":"Proper management of woods infested by bark beetle – clearing infested trees to prevent spread of bark beetle, or leaving them to preserve biodiversity – is a hotly debated topic. Differences in temperature regime between differentially managed areas are often-used arguments in these discussions. Results from the field measurements are confusing. Therefore, here we review previous studies and report our results of using thermal sensors in the field to determine the factors that might affect the differences in temperature reported in previous papers. Our results indicate that the variability recorded in one particular habitat, dry forest, is associated with the specific characteristics of the locality of each microsite/sensor. We conclude that it is important to consider not only the temperatures recorded but also describe microsites in detail in terms of vegetation structure, sunshine or numbers of trees per unit area.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42966972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.15
Z. Křenová, V. Zýval, Vladimír Zýval jun., Z. Chocholoušková
The negative effects of applying deicing salts to ecosystems are well documented for many countries. Most chemical transport from roads occurs in stormwater runoff through or over soil. Runoff pollutants alter soil chemistry, may be absorbed by plants and affect stream ecosystems, where they are dispersed and diluted over considerable distances. There was little detailed knowledge of the effects of deicing salts on ecosystems in the Bavarian Forest NP until 2011, when nine permanent sites were established along the main road in the eastern part of the NP. Soil samples were collected from four of these permanent sites in 2012, 2015 and 2018 and analysed by a certified laboratory. The results of soil chemical analysis were used to compare sites and samples from years 2012, 2015 and 2018. Our research confirmed the increasing concentrations of Na+ and Cl− ions in ecosystems in the Bavarian Forest NP. The highest concentrations of Na+ and Cl− ions were recorded in samples from sites # 4 and 5, which are located only several meters from the bank of the Grosse Ohe River. These concentrations were more than ten times higher than in samples from sites where deicing salt was not used. Amphibians, water insects and other extremely sensitive species and habitats occur in this part of the Bavarian Forest NP and are probably suffering from increasing salinity of their habitats. More research focusing on a better understanding of the spread of deicing salt in the ecosystem together with improving road maintenance technologies are need in order to improve the situation.
{"title":"Increasing concentration of deicing salt in soils in the Bavarian Forest National Park","authors":"Z. Křenová, V. Zýval, Vladimír Zýval jun., Z. Chocholoušková","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.15","url":null,"abstract":"The negative effects of applying deicing salts to ecosystems are well documented for many countries. Most chemical transport from roads occurs in stormwater runoff through or over soil. Runoff pollutants alter soil chemistry, may be absorbed by plants and affect stream ecosystems, where they are dispersed and diluted over considerable distances. There was little detailed knowledge of the effects of deicing salts on ecosystems in the Bavarian Forest NP until 2011, when nine permanent sites were established along the main road in the eastern part of the NP. Soil samples were collected from four of these permanent sites in 2012, 2015 and 2018 and analysed by a certified laboratory. The results of soil chemical analysis were used to compare sites and samples from years 2012, 2015 and 2018. Our research confirmed the increasing concentrations of Na+ and Cl− ions in ecosystems in the Bavarian Forest NP. The highest concentrations of Na+ and Cl− ions were recorded in samples from sites # 4 and 5, which are located only several meters from the bank of the Grosse Ohe River. These concentrations were more than ten times higher than in samples from sites where deicing salt was not used. Amphibians, water insects and other extremely sensitive species and habitats occur in this part of the Bavarian Forest NP and are probably suffering from increasing salinity of their habitats. More research focusing on a better understanding of the spread of deicing salt in the ecosystem together with improving road maintenance technologies are need in order to improve the situation.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45696517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.13
A. Pervez, P. Singh, H. Bozdoğan
Prey-predator interactions have been modelled by numerous workers. Ecologists have continuously modified Lotka–Volterra equations in order to provide more realistic descriptions of the complexity of these interactions. The response of predator(s) to increasing prey density can be best described in terms of a functional response, which is an important criterion determining the success or failure of predator(s) to control fluctuating prey populations. The functional response of a predator is further differentiated into Holling’s Type I, II, III, IV and V. We discuss one-prey and one-predator interactions, in which the models are modified by the inclusion of steady-state satiation and growth factors. We review situations where two prey and one predator interact, and vice versa. We also discuss Holling’s Type IV model relevant to competition and food chains. There is a need to examine functional responses as these models were mostly developed by pure mathematicians and their relevance to field conditions remains largely untested. Prey-predator interactions can be affected even by small factors and ecologists should include these models in their experimental design when attempting to predict realistic interactions.
{"title":"Ecological perspective of the diversity of functional responses","authors":"A. Pervez, P. Singh, H. Bozdoğan","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.13","url":null,"abstract":"Prey-predator interactions have been modelled by numerous workers. Ecologists have continuously modified Lotka–Volterra equations in order to provide more realistic descriptions of the complexity of these interactions. The response of predator(s) to increasing prey density can be best described in terms of a functional response, which is an important criterion determining the success or failure of predator(s) to control fluctuating prey populations. The functional response of a predator is further differentiated into Holling’s Type I, II, III, IV and V. We discuss one-prey and one-predator interactions, in which the models are modified by the inclusion of steady-state satiation and growth factors. We review situations where two prey and one predator interact, and vice versa. We also discuss Holling’s Type IV model relevant to competition and food chains. There is a need to examine functional responses as these models were mostly developed by pure mathematicians and their relevance to field conditions remains largely untested. Prey-predator interactions can be affected even by small factors and ecologists should include these models in their experimental design when attempting to predict realistic interactions.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45708015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.18
Karolína Bílá, J. Hostýnek, P. Kindlmann
The IPCC IS92a scenario predicts climate changes including within-year fluctuations in precipitation and a temperature increase of 1.7 °C by the year 2050 and a further 2.7 °C by the year 2100. We attempted to detect these changes in the Sumava Mts. and compare them with climate changes in the surrounding foothills. We used meteorological data records for the years 1961-2017, provided by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI). We recorded a decrease in precipitation, including snow cover, in the mountains and in the foothills during the last 15-20 years. Air temperature has also increased significantly in spring and summer over the last two decades. We assume that the increase in spring temperature negatively affects snow cover and causes it to melt earlier. We found that all these changes affect both the Sumava National Park and the surrounding foothills at the same rate; as a result, natural disturbances such as windstorm and bark beetle infestations occur more often and are more severe in both areas. Thus, changes in temperature and precipitation must be also considered in future management planning.
{"title":"Comparison of precipitation and temperature regime in the Šumava National Park and in the surrounding foothills","authors":"Karolína Bílá, J. Hostýnek, P. Kindlmann","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.18","url":null,"abstract":"The IPCC IS92a scenario predicts climate changes including within-year fluctuations in precipitation and a temperature increase of 1.7 °C by the year 2050 and a further 2.7 °C by the year 2100. We attempted to detect these changes in the Sumava Mts. and compare them with climate changes in the surrounding foothills. We used meteorological data records for the years 1961-2017, provided by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI). We recorded a decrease in precipitation, including snow cover, in the mountains and in the foothills during the last 15-20 years. Air temperature has also increased significantly in spring and summer over the last two decades. We assume that the increase in spring temperature negatively affects snow cover and causes it to melt earlier. We found that all these changes affect both the Sumava National Park and the surrounding foothills at the same rate; as a result, natural disturbances such as windstorm and bark beetle infestations occur more often and are more severe in both areas. Thus, changes in temperature and precipitation must be also considered in future management planning.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48791714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-16DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.10
Adam Sulich, Tomasz Zema
The aim of this article is to propose a measurable definition of green jobs based on balanced, durable and sustainable development, which is an example of both the Green Economy and New Public Management (NPM) concepts. This approach is justified due to the nature of NPM, which uses the goals of management and measures of effectiveness. In this paper, the definition of green jobs is formulated as tool for measuring, based on the Polish Classification of Activities (PKD), which has roots in the classifications proposed by UN the ISIC and Eurostat NACE. Then the ease with which this tool can be used is tested by determining the efficiency of labour market institutions. Therefore, the green jobs concept can be much wider than just a qualitative description of an organisation’s strategy. In this paper it is proposed that green job characteristics based on section E of PKD is more specific and because of its quantitative approach it is a suitable measurement not only in Polish conditions, but generally.
{"title":"Green jobs, a new measure of public management and sustainable development","authors":"Adam Sulich, Tomasz Zema","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to propose a measurable definition of green jobs based on balanced, durable and sustainable development, which is an example of both the Green Economy and New Public Management (NPM) concepts. This approach is justified due to the nature of NPM, which uses the goals of management and measures of effectiveness. In this paper, the definition of green jobs is formulated as tool for measuring, based on the Polish Classification of Activities (PKD), which has roots in the classifications proposed by UN the ISIC and Eurostat NACE. Then the ease with which this tool can be used is tested by determining the efficiency of labour market institutions. Therefore, the green jobs concept can be much wider than just a qualitative description of an organisation’s strategy. In this paper it is proposed that green job characteristics based on section E of PKD is more specific and because of its quantitative approach it is a suitable measurement not only in Polish conditions, but generally.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42421863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-16DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.12
M. Papageorgiou, Georgia Gemenetzi
Green Infrastructure (G.I.) is a sine qua non in contemporary planning. Green spaces can play a vital role in serving as grounds for developing G.I. and promoting environmental, social and economic benefits. In Athens and Thessaloniki (the only metropolitan areas in Greece) there has been no Green Infrastructure planning. However, existing and prospective green spaces can play a catalyzing role in the development of a Green Infrastructure. In fact, even though inadequate and insufficiently dispersed, urban green spaces present great potentials for embedding the features of “green”, “connectivity”, “multifunctionality” and “accessibility”, which are key to G.I. planning. The concept of Green Infrastructure has long been embedded in policy documents, such as the Master Plans of both metropolitan areas. And even if the G.I. term is not clearly stated in either Master Plans, there is a clear goal for the designing and networking of green spaces, to provide leisure opportunities and other functions, as well as accessibility to all citizens.
{"title":"Setting the grounds for the Green Infrastructure in the metropolitan areas of Athens and Thessaloniki: the role of green space","authors":"M. Papageorgiou, Georgia Gemenetzi","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.12","url":null,"abstract":"Green Infrastructure (G.I.) is a sine qua non in contemporary planning. Green spaces can play a vital role in serving as grounds for developing G.I. and promoting environmental, social and economic benefits. In Athens and Thessaloniki (the only metropolitan areas in Greece) there has been no Green Infrastructure planning. However, existing and prospective green spaces can play a catalyzing role in the development of a Green Infrastructure. In fact, even though inadequate and insufficiently dispersed, urban green spaces present great potentials for embedding the features of “green”, “connectivity”, “multifunctionality” and “accessibility”, which are key to G.I. planning. The concept of Green Infrastructure has long been embedded in policy documents, such as the Master Plans of both metropolitan areas. And even if the G.I. term is not clearly stated in either Master Plans, there is a clear goal for the designing and networking of green spaces, to provide leisure opportunities and other functions, as well as accessibility to all citizens.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44301409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-16DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.5
M. Papageorgiou, S. Kyvelou
Extension of spatial planning from land to the marine space has recently become a key procedure for tackling the growing environmental and blue growth related challenges. However, given the transboundary nature of the sea (facilitating the flow of all kinds of materials and calling for special considerations in terms of resource and ecosystem management) not all the philosophy, planning models and procedures can be “transplanted” from terrestrial to marine spatial planning. Governance issues are subject to the same limitation.This paper discusses key differences in the marine environment (compared to the land), which affect marine spatial planning and governance and is structured around the following key issues: (i) the public status of the sea, which involves a wide spectrum of stakeholders (amongthem the maritime regimes), (ii) the sovereign rights in the sea that are not separately defined by each state but by UNCLOS (especially beyond the territorial waters), (iii) the geopolitical constraints on proclaiming EEZs that reduce the area within which each coastal country can practice MSP, (iv) the usually non-defined administrative limits in the marine parts of a coastal country that impede decentralization of competencies and decision making, and (v) the lack of geospatial and socio-economic and cultural data, which creates uncertainty both for the planners and decision-makers.This article concludes by highlighting the need for adopting a tailor-made MSP research agenda and by stressing the need to enhance crossborder cooperation as well as to make transboundary considerations when planning in the sea.
{"title":"Aspects of marine spatial planning and governance: adapting to the transboundary nature and the special conditions of the sea","authors":"M. Papageorgiou, S. Kyvelou","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.5","url":null,"abstract":"Extension of spatial planning from land to the marine space has recently become a key procedure for tackling the growing environmental and blue growth related challenges. However, given the transboundary nature of the sea (facilitating the flow of all kinds of materials and calling for special considerations in terms of resource and ecosystem management) not all the philosophy, planning models and procedures can be “transplanted” from terrestrial to marine spatial planning. Governance issues are subject to the same limitation.This paper discusses key differences in the marine environment (compared to the land), which affect marine spatial planning and governance and is structured around the following key issues: (i) the public status of the sea, which involves a wide spectrum of stakeholders (amongthem the maritime regimes), (ii) the sovereign rights in the sea that are not separately defined by each state but by UNCLOS (especially beyond the territorial waters), (iii) the geopolitical constraints on proclaiming EEZs that reduce the area within which each coastal country can practice MSP, (iv) the usually non-defined administrative limits in the marine parts of a coastal country that impede decentralization of competencies and decision making, and (v) the lack of geospatial and socio-economic and cultural data, which creates uncertainty both for the planners and decision-makers.This article concludes by highlighting the need for adopting a tailor-made MSP research agenda and by stressing the need to enhance crossborder cooperation as well as to make transboundary considerations when planning in the sea.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42611143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-16DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.3
I. Giannouli, C. Tourkolias, C. Zuidema, A. Tasopoulou, Sofia Blathra, Koen Salemink, K. Gugerell, Paraskevas N. Georgiou, Thomas Chalatsis, C. Christidou, Vassilis Bellis, Niki Vasiloglou, Nikolaos Koutsomarkos
The development of urban and rural landscapes has entered a pioneering era with novel combinations of energy production andconsumption and related changes in the urban and rural fabric including associated socioeconomic issues. Accompanying this change isa realization that newly developing energy initiatives are more viable for development and upscaling and are less vulnerable to failure andresistance from society if they are well integrated into their local and regional contexts. However, institutional questions remain regardingthe required mechanisms and levels of integration, while simultaneously sustainable energy planning requires that the stakeholders withdiverse and conflicting objectives come to some degree of consensus. Inspired by these findings, a methodological approach for holisticenergy planning on a regional/local level was developed within the framework of the INTENSSS-PA project that is funded by HORIZON2020. The approach provides a holistic energy plan, which goes beyond a blueprint for allocating renewable technologies and is basedon the involvement of the wider community. Hence, this approach includes aspects such as the development of spatial concepts, newco-creating strategies, business cases, societal alliances and institutional changes and formats. To implement this approach, the LivingLab (LL) concept is applied. The case of Karditsa, in Greece, will be presented as evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed planningapproach.
{"title":"A methodological approach for holistic energy planning using the living lab concept: the case of the prefecture of Karditsa","authors":"I. Giannouli, C. Tourkolias, C. Zuidema, A. Tasopoulou, Sofia Blathra, Koen Salemink, K. Gugerell, Paraskevas N. Georgiou, Thomas Chalatsis, C. Christidou, Vassilis Bellis, Niki Vasiloglou, Nikolaos Koutsomarkos","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.3","url":null,"abstract":"The development of urban and rural landscapes has entered a pioneering era with novel combinations of energy production andconsumption and related changes in the urban and rural fabric including associated socioeconomic issues. Accompanying this change isa realization that newly developing energy initiatives are more viable for development and upscaling and are less vulnerable to failure andresistance from society if they are well integrated into their local and regional contexts. However, institutional questions remain regardingthe required mechanisms and levels of integration, while simultaneously sustainable energy planning requires that the stakeholders withdiverse and conflicting objectives come to some degree of consensus. Inspired by these findings, a methodological approach for holisticenergy planning on a regional/local level was developed within the framework of the INTENSSS-PA project that is funded by HORIZON2020. The approach provides a holistic energy plan, which goes beyond a blueprint for allocating renewable technologies and is basedon the involvement of the wider community. Hence, this approach includes aspects such as the development of spatial concepts, newco-creating strategies, business cases, societal alliances and institutional changes and formats. To implement this approach, the LivingLab (LL) concept is applied. The case of Karditsa, in Greece, will be presented as evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed planningapproach.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48026563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-16DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.8
Ralphael P. Gonzales, E. Reyes
The majority of the tourism industry on mainland Palawan is located in the north of the province. El Nido and Puerto Princesa are the most visited tourist areas in Palawan. The municipalities between these areas are considered to be sub-regional growth areas (Roxas, Dumaran and Taytay) since they serve as transition areas from one tourist hot spot to another. This study explores the tourism potentials of the sub-regional groregionwth areas using a potential analysis. By exploring the cases of Roxas, Dumaran and Taytay, various potentials were identified that could contribute to the development of this region of the island. Characterization resulted in the identification of the competitive advantages of each municipality, which were used to develop this region in a way that assures a sustainable growth of this subregion that complements that occurring in the tourist hot spots.
{"title":"Potential for developing tourism in a sub-regional growth area (Roxas-Dumaran-Taytay) in northern mainland Palawan","authors":"Ralphael P. Gonzales, E. Reyes","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.8","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of the tourism industry on mainland Palawan is located in the north of the province. El Nido and Puerto Princesa are the most visited tourist areas in Palawan. The municipalities between these areas are considered to be sub-regional growth areas (Roxas, Dumaran and Taytay) since they serve as transition areas from one tourist hot spot to another. This study explores the tourism potentials of the sub-regional groregionwth areas using a potential analysis. By exploring the cases of Roxas, Dumaran and Taytay, various potentials were identified that could contribute to the development of this region of the island. Characterization resulted in the identification of the competitive advantages of each municipality, which were used to develop this region in a way that assures a sustainable growth of this subregion that complements that occurring in the tourist hot spots.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48749028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-16DOI: 10.14712/23361964.2018.6
A. Syrakoy
Every day citizens and visitors in Greek cities often find themselves constantly struggling with impediments: obstacles to their movement, their vision, to breathing air, etc. One cannot walk without being cautious so as not to stumble over a poorly repaired sidewalk, although it would have been easy to repair. You may find yourself next to the sea, but blocks of flats may hide it from you, restricting you to an endless maze, even though studies highlight the benefits for human health when coexisting with the natural bodies of water. One almost seems to be always close to roads with many car lanes and high traffic volumes; again despite the fact that studies highlight the adverse effects of car emissions on health. Why is this happening? Why do we choose and create such conditions? This paper attempts to shed some light on these questions by examining selected historical references to the ‘promised lands’ and some of the causes of the contemporary urban environmental degradation. The discussion focuses on an effort to comprehend the gap between the existence of urban environmental proposals and their lack of implementation at a greater scale, by (a) examining theories and proposals of major scholars concerning the environmental upgrading of urban space and by (b) examining the causes of the existing environmental urban degradation that currently affect many cities.
{"title":"Urban environmental degradation: realities and historical illusions","authors":"A. Syrakoy","doi":"10.14712/23361964.2018.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2018.6","url":null,"abstract":"Every day citizens and visitors in Greek cities often find themselves constantly struggling with impediments: obstacles to their movement, their vision, to breathing air, etc. One cannot walk without being cautious so as not to stumble over a poorly repaired sidewalk, although it would have been easy to repair. You may find yourself next to the sea, but blocks of flats may hide it from you, restricting you to an endless maze, even though studies highlight the benefits for human health when coexisting with the natural bodies of water. One almost seems to be always close to roads with many car lanes and high traffic volumes; again despite the fact that studies highlight the adverse effects of car emissions on health. Why is this happening? Why do we choose and create such conditions? This paper attempts to shed some light on these questions by examining selected historical references to the ‘promised lands’ and some of the causes of the contemporary urban environmental degradation. The discussion focuses on an effort to comprehend the gap between the existence of urban environmental proposals and their lack of implementation at a greater scale, by (a) examining theories and proposals of major scholars concerning the environmental upgrading of urban space and by (b) examining the causes of the existing environmental urban degradation that currently affect many cities.","PeriodicalId":11931,"journal":{"name":"European journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45830500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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