European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology最新文献

Virgin olive oil (VOO) quality has been essentially correlated to its minor component contents, mainly phenolic compounds. Nevertheless, the content and composition of these compounds could be affected by several factors, among them the composition and biochemical properties of olive fruits, principally olive endogenous enzyme activities. Otherwise, the activities of these enzymes could be influenced by numerous factors, such as olive cultivars, ripening degree, olive storage conditions, and VOO extraction process. Thus, the objective of this review article is the focus on the key variation of olive endogenous enzyme activities according to these factors and their eventual contribution to the VOO phenolic profile.

The fats extracted from bati (Ouratea sp.) and ucuuba (Virola surinamensis) fruit seeds are consumed by the local population. However, important characteristics for its use as food or cosmetic/pharmaceutical raw material are poorly studied. This study describes the fatty acid profile, physicochemical characteristics, bioactive properties, and cytotoxicity of these materials. The results demonstrated that bati fat presents a high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid (66.06%), with 45.36% of linoleic acid. In contrast, ucuuba fat presented a higher saturated fatty acid percentage (85.75%), especially lauric acid (37.80%). The methanolic fractions of fats show a total phenolic content of 76 mg GAE g⁻¹. The bati and ucuuba fats presented antioxidant activity in vitro by 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging and inhibition of α-amylase activity. In addition, the samples showed no toxicity against cell lines of Chinese hamster ovary and human hepatocellular carcinoma. These findings provide relevant and appropriate conditions for applying bati and ucuuba seed fats in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

Practical Application: The knowledge gained in the present study will open a new approach for exploiting Ouratea sp. and Virola surinamensis seed fat lipid sources with promising applications in formulating functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products, thereby benefiting a sustainable industry.

The aim of the present study was to develop potential drug carrier system formulations, namely PLAROsomes for the delivery of Proanthocyanidin (PACY), isolated from the extract of dried grape seeds. The PLAROsomes loaded with PACY were prepared using the thin film hydration method. The influence of various process parameters and material attributes was investigated using the design of experiments (DoE). The PACY-loaded PLAROsomes were characterized using hyphenated tools. The in-vitro anticancer activities of PACY-loaded PLAROsomes were confirmed using the Trypan blue method, MTT method, and flow cytometric analysis on MCF-7 cells. The polymer-to-lipid ratio, among various process parameters and material attributes, significantly influenced the average particle size. Additionally, it played a crucial role in determining the percentage of PACY released from PACY-loaded PLAROsomes. The size of the PACY-loaded PLAROsomes ranged from 40 to 300 nm, and the optimized batch demonstrated a drug entrapment efficiency of 86.38±0.22%. PACY-loaded PLAROsomes exhibited improved in vitro anticancer activities against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines compared to PACY. PACY-loaded PLAROsomes showed greater activity at lower concentrations in cytotoxicity studies, as supported by apoptosis analysis. Therefore, PLAROsomes could present a promising drug carrier system for delivering PACY in breast cancer treatment, offering a sustained release effect.

Fat polymorphism plays a crucial role in many fat-rich food products (e.g., margarine, chocolate). Due to this, polymorphism of triglycerides is widely investigated. During the previous years, the interest of using monoglyceride oleogels to replace margarine is increasing due to its structure, reduced amount of saturated fatty acids, stability and application potential. However, polymorphism of monoglyceride oleogels is less investigated. This research shows the effect of the composition (C18:0 or C18:0 and C16:0), temperature (25°C–20°C–10°C) and production process (static or lab-scale scraped surface heat exchanger) on the crystallization behavior of monoglyceride oleogels (MO) by using differential scanning calorimetry, (synchrotron) X-ray scattering and polarized light microscopy. Based on time-resolved synchrotron WAXS, it was found that the rapeseed oil based MO (MO-C18) occurred in four different polymorphs. During crystallization, transitions from an inverse lamellar phase (Lα) toward sub-α1 and sub-α2 could be established. Upon storage, a polymorphic transition toward β occurred. For the palm oil based MO (MO-C18/C16), only two polymorphs were found during crystallization (Lα, sub-α), followed by a polymorphic transition to β upon storage. By applying high shear and cooling rates during the production of MO-C18 (dynamic production), the polymorphic transition from sub-α2 to β occurred much faster compared to the static production method. When comparing the dynamically produced MO-C18 and MO-C18/C16, the thickness of 1 lamella, the crystal nanoplatelet and the fat crystals were smaller for MO-C18/C16. This research clearly illustrates that the composition and the applied crystallization conditions have an impact on the properties from nano- to microscale.

Practical Application: This research illustrates the importance of engineering monoglycerides oleogels to obtain food products with an improved nutritional balance. Hereby, the manuscript focuses on the crystallization behavior of monoglyceride oleogels by changing the composition and the crystallization procedure. The acquired insights go beyond the state of the art. It was found that applying high cooling rates and high shear rates by using a lab-scale scraped surface heat exchanger affected the crystallization behavior of monoglyceride oleogels. These are crucial experiments to verify the application potential of monoglyceride oleogels in the food industry. Moreover, different polymorphic transitions occurred for the two types of monoglycerides. This is the starting point to investigate the effect of polymorphism on a final food product in order to improve the nutritional balance in fat-rich food products.

The quantity and quality of dietary fats have a significant impact on human health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different cooking oils (olive oil (OO), soybean oil (SO), and blended oil (BO)) on growth, glucolipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress of rats fed normal and high-fat diets. The results showed that the OO-fed group had lower concentrations of serum triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized LDL-C (ox-LDL-C), and serum total cholesterol (TC) than the normal-fat SO-fed group, and rats in the BO-fed group had lower values of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) than the normal-fat SO-fed groups. However, higher serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was observed in the OO-fed group, while those fed with BO had higher serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH-Px activities. Generally, most health-beneficial fatty acid profiles have a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), an appropriate saturated fatty acid (SFA)/MUFA/poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, and a low n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, while diets contained a high content of fat is detrimental to health.

This study investigates the efficacy of the antagonist of neurotensin receptor-1 (NTSR1) SR48692 in modulating the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). HFD increases NTS secretion, which enhances fat absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) via receptors NTSR1/NTSR2/NTSR3. Absorbed fat from the GIT via hepatic-portal system reaches the liver, where it gets accumulated to cause NAFLD. Swiss albino mice (8 weeks) were maintained in two batches fed standard diet (SD) and HFD for 4 weeks, then divided into six groups: Group I (SD) and Group II (HFD) administered intraperitoneally 0.9% saline (vehicle), Group III: low dose of antagonist (100 µg kg⁻¹ bw: HFD+SR48692_L), Group IV: high dose (400 µg kg⁻¹ bw: HFD+SR48692_H), Group V (SD+SR48692_L), and Group VI (SD+SR48692_H). SR48692_L treatment in HFD-fed mice showed partial efficacy in preventing lipid absorption and reducing oxidative stress, as reflected in histology and plasma transaminases. Contrarily, with SR48692_H dose, the effects were detrimental. Involvement of other signaling pathways (NTS-NTSR2, NTS-NTSR3) in lipid absorption might be the reason of partial efficacy. The adverse effects with the SR48692_H might be due to the differential dose–response effect of the antagonist.

Practical Application: HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and NAFLD are linked to enhanced NTS secretion. As NTS enhances fat absorption, blocking its receptors with antagonists might provide efficacy against HFD-induced NAFLD. This study with NTSR1 antagonist SR48692 provides some evidence of its in preventing hyperlipidemia; further studies targeting other receptors (NTSR2, NTSR3) are essential for understanding the therapeutic efficacy of the NTS antagonists for NAFLD.

Long-term elevation of saturated fatty acids in blood has a deleterious effect on pancreatic β-cell function and survival, leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. This fundamentally contributes to type 2 diabetes development. Caffeic acid (CA) was found to protect various cell types against several proapoptotic stimuli, including fatty acids. However, its potential protective effect against fatty acid-induced apoptosis was not ascertained in pancreatic β cells yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine this in the human pancreatic β-cell lines NES2Y and 1.1B4. In both cell lines, CA did not modify the effect of saturated stearic acid (SA) on β-cell growth and viability. At higher concentrations, CA significantly even intensified the adverse effect of SA. Consistent with this, CA did not exhibit any inhibitory effect on SA-induced markers of ongoing apoptosis as well as ER stress. At higher concentrations, CA again slightly potentiated the effect of SA. CA applied alone was well tolerated up to 1 mM; however, at higher concentrations, it had detrimental effects in both cell lines. To conclude, we have shown that the treatment with caffeic acid has no inhibitory effect on SA-induced ER stress and apoptosis in the human pancreatic β cells. Moreover, at higher concentrations, CA has proapoptotic potential.

Practical applications: Caffeic acid exhibits a protective effect against saturated fatty acids in human hepatocytes. However, our data obtained with human β-cell lines suggest that the potential usage of caffeic acid as a dietary component for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, developed with the contribution of saturated fatty acid-induced apoptosis of β cells, seems rather unlikely.

This work investigates the feasibility of using a decanter centrifuge to separate solid particles coated with a high melting fat from a liquid oil. The process involves feeding cold silica particles into a melt, upon which the hardstock fat crystallizes, and the particles are subsequently separated using a decanter centrifuge. Being the first attempt for such a design, only the separation step is studied, and a model system is used. It comprised canola oil (CO), fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil a priori crystallized on silica gel particles. Different particle sizes and accelerations of gravity were studied. To measure the success of this separation process, the data from light microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry of the feed, oleins, and stearins were used. The findings show that the separation of the fatty particles used in this work, and liquid oil in decanter centrifuges is feasible while future research should focus on the crystallization part of the process. The model developed to describe the oil-holding capacity of the cake focuses on the capillary liquid entrapped in the spaces between the particles and sufficiently represents the experimental findings which show that separation efficiencies increase with increasing centrifugal acceleration.

Practical Applications: This work introduces an alternative fat fractionation process by separating a model system of CO, FHRO, and solid entrainers through a decanter centrifuge. The results can be potentially used for the development of a fully continuous dry fractionation process, which can achieve in one step higher SE than the conventional ones and can be tripalmitate-selective.