European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology最新文献

The adulteration of cold-pressed avocado oil (AVO), a high-value commodity, poses significant economic and health concerns. This study aimed to develop a method for identifying adulteration of cold-pressed AVO with refined oil and its utilization to evaluate commercial AVO (cAVO) samples. Avocados from the United States and New Zealand at different stages of maturity were subjected to oven-drying and microwave-drying to produce authentic in-house AVOs. Various parameters, including glycidyl ester (GE) and 3-monochloropropanediol ester (3-MCPDE) contents, fatty acid composition, phytosterol content, acid value, and pigment contents, were measured. In-house AVOs exhibited trace amounts of 3-MCPDE formation, and a threshold of 0.25 mg kg^–1 for GEs and 3-MCPDEs was established to differentiate samples adulterated with refined oil. However, no clear correlation between 3-MCPDE concentrations and adulteration ratios was observed. Determination of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents enabled the identification of partial or complete adulteration. The acid value and phytosterol content did not provide sufficient distinctions for detecting adulteration. GE and 3-MCPDE contents could effectively be used to discriminate cold-pressed AVO blended with refined oil, providing a reliable method for detecting misrepresentation of cAVO products.

Practical Applications: Measuring GEs and 3-MCPDEs is crucial for identifying refined oil adulteration of cold-pressed oils. The systematic discrimination methods and criteria developed in this study can be applied to different types of high-value pressed oils in the future. Addressing this issue is essential for maintaining the authenticity and quality of cold-pressed oils in the industry.

Date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) processing generates substantial quantities of date seeds, constituting a potential source of valuable oil yet currently considered waste. This study aimed at characterizing date seed oil (DSO) as a prospective approach for date seed valorization while investigating the influence of geographical origin on its composition. Samples from three Moroccan palm groves (Allougoum, Alnif, and Errachidia) and four non-Moroccan samples were analyzed. Liquid and gas chromatography were applied to determine the chemical composition. The prevalent fatty acids were oleic acid (Ol), ranging from 40.8% to 50.2%, followed by lauric acid (La, 14.0%–24.2%), myristic acid (My, 9.0%–12.6%), palmitic acid (Pa, 9.0%–11.6%), linoleic acid (7.1%–10.7%), and stearic acid (St, 2.4%–4.8%). Major triacylglycerols identified included LaOlLa, LaOlMy, LaOlPa, LaOlOl, MyOlPa, MyOlOl, and PaOlOl. Notably, DSO contains significant tocochromanol (424–760 mg kg⁻¹) and phytosterol content (3422–4827 mg kg⁻¹), with specific phytosterols identified for the first time. Multivariate analysis employing principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, supplemented by heatmaps, underscored the influence of geographical origin on DSO composition. Moroccan samples exhibited distinctive profiles rich in St, Ol, Pa, PaOlSt, MyOlPa, PaOlPa, γ-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol, leading to a differentiation from non-Moroccan oils. Challenges in classifying DSO within selected Moroccan palm groves were discussed, emphasizing the necessity to consider major and minor compounds, along with date varieties, in geographical effect studies.

Practical Applications: By delving into the chemical properties and potential applications of DSO, this research strives to contribute to sustainable and economically viable approaches for utilizing agricultural waste products.

With the growing prevalence of diabetes, there is an urgent demand for a user-friendly treatment option that minimizes side effects related to the use of subcutaneous injections. Scientists have dedicated over a century to developing an oral dosage form of insulin that can be administrated orally. The oral route of administration is the most desirable route for regularly dosed drugs in terms of safety and patient compliance. However, oral delivery of insulin remains a formidable challenge due to its intrinsically limited ability to cross the intestinal epithelium membrane and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. This article reviews oral insulin research over the past decade, with a particular focus on surface modifications of nanoparticles (NPs). Various strategies involving controlling surface charges, utilizing protective proteins, and targeting specific receptors with ligands have been explored. Notably, surface modifications of the NPs for targeting specific intestinal receptors have shown promise in enhancing insulin oral absorption and bioavailability. Advanced technologies such as oral microneedles and gene therapy have also been developed, but their safety requires further assessment. Despite encouraging preclinical results across numerous strategies, the current clinical evidence is less optimistic. In summary, the present findings highlight the substantial journey that still lies ahead before achieving successful oral delivery of insulin.

Practical Applications: This review provides a summary of recent progress in oral insulin delivery, particularly highlighting surface-modified functional nanoparticles serving as an effective drug delivery system, which offers valuable information to the researchers. Due to the limited effectiveness of oral protein drugs caused by biological barriers, innovative technologies and drug delivery systems have been developed to overcome these obstacles and achieve therapeutic goals. This review concluded that surface modifications to nanoparticles can improve insulin stability and permeability, thereby enhancing oral bioavailability. It could assist researchers in developing more effective and patient-friendly oral drug delivery systems.

Corn oil is a major agricultural commodity, and it is a staple in kitchens worldwide. This comprehensive review aims to provide a holistic understanding of corn oil processing, composition, nutritional benefits, properties, and market dynamics. The processing of corn oil poses challenges in achieving optimal extraction efficiency while addressing environmental concerns. Currently, hexane-extracted corn oil dominates the market, with cold-pressed corn oil being a niche product. Ongoing efforts within the industry focus on exploring alternative, environmentally friendly extraction methods such as critical CO₂ and enzymatic-assisted extraction. Corn oil is recognized for its rich composition in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, tocopherol content, and potential antioxidant benefits. However, its high omega-6 fatty acid content, while contributing to its stability, has raised discussions about its potential impact on inflammatory responses when consumed excessively. Due to its high smoke point, corn oil is suitable for high-temperature cooking without compromising its neutral taste. Yet, its oxidation stability is lower compared to other commercial oils. Relying on oleic-rich varieties or incorporating antioxidants could help enhance its stability and mitigate potential oxidative concerns. In the future, advancements in processing technologies promise to elevate the nutritional profile of corn oil, aligning it with the evolving preferences of health-conscious consumers and addressing sustainability concerns.

Practical Applications. This review provides crucial insights into the processing, nutritional profile, and market dynamics of corn oil, benefiting researchers and industry professionals. By understanding the challenges and advancements in extraction methods, researchers can develop more sustainable and efficient processes. The detailed analysis of corn oil's composition and functionality provides practical solutions for improving product shelf-life and quality. This comprehensive review supports the optimization of corn oil production and utilization and aids in positioning corn oil as a competitive and versatile option in the global vegetable oil market.

Simplified cholesterol backbone with images of a random spectral trace, a palm leaf (Rainer Sturm/pixelio.de), fluorescently stained lipid droplets (red) and associated proteins (green) in a T3T-L1 adipocyte (Johanna Spandl, University of Bonn, Germany), and fish (Vera/pixelio.de).

Oxidative degradation is a common issue of commercial edible oils that results in rancidity, downgrading the organoleptic characteristics of food matrices. The aim of this study was the enzymatic modification of common vegetable oils (pomace olive and sunflower oil) with polyphenolic extract to prepare functional oils enriched with bioactive phenolipids. Under that scope, an agro-industrial effluent, olive mill wastewater, was used as source to recover phenolic compounds. The recovery of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol reached up to 81.2% ± 0.3% and 98.3% ± 0.2%, respectively. Further, immobilized lipase was used to catalyze the one-step acylation of these phenolic antioxidants into the oils with the aim of enhancing their stability under accelerated oxidation conditions. The optimum parameters of the bioconversion were found to be 0.1% (w/w) immobilized lipase, 24h of incubation at 50°C under orbital shaking reaching high conversion yields for both phenolic compounds (≥94%). The results also highlighted that the extract-modified oils presented notable thermooxidative stability at 60°C for 28 days compared to the control and synthetic antioxidant-enriched oils, as demonstrated by several analytical (conjugated dienes, thiobarbituric reactive substances), chromatographic (solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy), and spectroscopic (fluorescence, attenuated total reflectance) techniques, giving new insights regarding the preservation of edible oils.

Practical Application: Htyr has recently gained much attention as an active ingredient of food matrices for industrial applications due to its high antioxidant/antiradical activity. A major drawback of Htyr exploitation is the high market price and its solubility. Meanwhile, several edible oils are prone to autooxidation during transport, stock management, and household storage. The proposed one-step biocatalytic process aims to enhance the lipophilicity and bioactivity of Htyr in bulk oil systems, making the use of this potent antioxidant compound feasible. This approach shows promise in extending the shelf life of common oils and highlights the advantages of by-product management. Moreover, these functional oils can be applied for the preparation of sauces, bakery products, food supplements, and so on, as the bioactive ingredients that are present in them can delay the oxidative cascade reactions and, thus, the spoilage of the products, whereas the whole process meets the requirements of circular economy and green chemistry.

Simplified cholesterol backbone with images of a random spectral trace, a palm leaf (Rainer Sturm/pixelio.de), fluorescently stained lipid droplets (red) and associated proteins (green) in a T3T-L1 adipocyte (Johanna Spandl, University of Bonn, Germany), and fish (Vera/pixelio.de).