Pub Date : 2023-06-04DOI: 10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3041
A. Shtëmbari
Wheat flour is one of the most used ingredients in bakery products, based on its nutritional and technological properties. Also in recent years, with the increase in the variety of dough products, there has also been an increase in the types of wheat flour in a way that suits the needs of the market. This study aims to analyze the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of some types of wheat flour produced by a milling company, which are used for different purposes, such as: white flour, brown flour, whole meal flour, etc. In total, 6 wheat flour samples of different types were analyzed for: moisture, ash, gluten, acidity, water activity and total microbiological load. The results showed that the moisture content is below 14.5 % for all samples. The range of ash content varies from 0.46-1.29% and is different based on the type of flour, because it represents the total amount of minerals present in wheat flour. Acidity is the most used parameter to determine storage conditions and all samples had a low value of 0.09-0.21 %.The wet gluten content of the flour samples varies between the range of 27.3-34.4 %, the highest value of gluten was detected in brown flour. From the microbiological analyzes carried out, we see that the wheat flour samples analyzed result in a low microbial load. Based on the results of the analyzed samples, all types of wheat flour produced by this company have good quality in terms of the analyzed parameters. Usually, the quality of the final product depends on the quality of the raw ingredients. So, the study of the quality of wheat flour in terms of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters also means a higher quality and safety of bakery products.
{"title":"Evaluation of Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Parameters of the Types of Wheat Flour Produced in Milling Company","authors":"A. Shtëmbari","doi":"10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3041","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat flour is one of the most used ingredients in bakery products, based on its nutritional and technological properties. Also in recent years, with the increase in the variety of dough products, there has also been an increase in the types of wheat flour in a way that suits the needs of the market. This study aims to analyze the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of some types of wheat flour produced by a milling company, which are used for different purposes, such as: white flour, brown flour, whole meal flour, etc. In total, 6 wheat flour samples of different types were analyzed for: moisture, ash, gluten, acidity, water activity and total microbiological load. The results showed that the moisture content is below 14.5 % for all samples. The range of ash content varies from 0.46-1.29% and is different based on the type of flour, because it represents the total amount of minerals present in wheat flour. Acidity is the most used parameter to determine storage conditions and all samples had a low value of 0.09-0.21 %.The wet gluten content of the flour samples varies between the range of 27.3-34.4 %, the highest value of gluten was detected in brown flour. From the microbiological analyzes carried out, we see that the wheat flour samples analyzed result in a low microbial load. Based on the results of the analyzed samples, all types of wheat flour produced by this company have good quality in terms of the analyzed parameters. Usually, the quality of the final product depends on the quality of the raw ingredients. So, the study of the quality of wheat flour in terms of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters also means a higher quality and safety of bakery products.","PeriodicalId":12001,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77949000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper tends to analyze one critical area “pyro system” in cement production process where energy is been lose and ways on how some of these energies can be recovered back into the system and also analyzing the cost benefits. This led to the modeling of a clinker cooler known as “test rig”. This model was used to study the operating system of the existing running plant. The test rig was designed using SolidWorks Computer Aided Design software based on the geometrical dimensions adopted into the test rig design. The test rig was scaled down to a ratio 25:1, with the existing clinker cooler been twenty-five and the test rig is one. The clinker cooler bed height varies from 0.3, 0.4 and 0.6 m. The quantities of energy transfer are dependent upon the optima clinker bed height (0.6 m) which resulted into improved clinker outlet of 76.4°C. A cost benefits on recovery energy efficiency on the existing running plants can be translated to a financial gain of $12,092 by improving the clinker bed height from 0.45 m to 0.6 m with expected clinker output in 24 h is 6,000 tons/day.
{"title":"Economic impacts of optimizing energy recovery in clinker cooler using clinker cooler bed as a case study","authors":"Sunday Oyepata Omotayo Joseph","doi":"10.5897/jetr2022.0737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jetr2022.0737","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tends to analyze one critical area “pyro system” in cement production process where energy is been lose and ways on how some of these energies can be recovered back into the system and also analyzing the cost benefits. This led to the modeling of a clinker cooler known as “test rig”. This model was used to study the operating system of the existing running plant. The test rig was designed using SolidWorks Computer Aided Design software based on the geometrical dimensions adopted into the test rig design. The test rig was scaled down to a ratio 25:1, with the existing clinker cooler been twenty-five and the test rig is one. The clinker cooler bed height varies from 0.3, 0.4 and 0.6 m. The quantities of energy transfer are dependent upon the optima clinker bed height (0.6 m) which resulted into improved clinker outlet of 76.4°C. A cost benefits on recovery energy efficiency on the existing running plants can be translated to a financial gain of $12,092 by improving the clinker bed height from 0.45 m to 0.6 m with expected clinker output in 24 h is 6,000 tons/day.","PeriodicalId":12001,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83049727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3042
Brenda Paola Baltazar-García, Daniel Francisco Baltazar-Zamora, O. SÁNCHEZ-SÁNCHEZ, Patricia Balderas, J. Mendoza-Rangel, C. Gaona-Tiburcio, Laura Landa-Ruiz, J. Reyes, David Lozano, Ce Tochtli Méndez, M. Baltazar-Zamora
In the present investigation the effect of the urban environment of the city of Xalapa, Ver., México in the depth carbonation in Sustainable Concrete made with Agro-Industrial and Industrial Waste Materials like Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) and Silica Fume (SF), was evaluated. The Sustainable Concretes and the Conventional Concrete (Concrete of reference) were designed for a relation water/cement= 0.65 according to the indicated for the ACI 211.1. The Conventional Concrete was elaborated with 100% of Portland cement, and the Sustainable Concretes with partial substitution of Portland cement for the waste of SCBA and SF in percentages of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The results through the application of phenolphthalein, indicate that the Carbonation depth is proportional to the increase of the substitution of Portland Cement for agro-industrial and industrial waste. The sustainable concrete with 50% of substitution of SCBA-SF presents the worst performance, with a carbonation depth of 1.48 cm, which represents an increment of more of 350% than the conventional concrete at being exposed for one year to the present environment of study.
{"title":"Carbonation Depth of Sustainable Concrete Made with Agroindustrial and Industrial Waste Exposed to the Urban Environment of the City of Xalapa, Ver; Mexico","authors":"Brenda Paola Baltazar-García, Daniel Francisco Baltazar-Zamora, O. SÁNCHEZ-SÁNCHEZ, Patricia Balderas, J. Mendoza-Rangel, C. Gaona-Tiburcio, Laura Landa-Ruiz, J. Reyes, David Lozano, Ce Tochtli Méndez, M. Baltazar-Zamora","doi":"10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3042","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation the effect of the urban environment of the city of Xalapa, Ver., México in the depth carbonation in Sustainable Concrete made with Agro-Industrial and Industrial Waste Materials like Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) and Silica Fume (SF), was evaluated. The Sustainable Concretes and the Conventional Concrete (Concrete of reference) were designed for a relation water/cement= 0.65 according to the indicated for the ACI 211.1. The Conventional Concrete was elaborated with 100% of Portland cement, and the Sustainable Concretes with partial substitution of Portland cement for the waste of SCBA and SF in percentages of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The results through the application of phenolphthalein, indicate that the Carbonation depth is proportional to the increase of the substitution of Portland Cement for agro-industrial and industrial waste. The sustainable concrete with 50% of substitution of SCBA-SF presents the worst performance, with a carbonation depth of 1.48 cm, which represents an increment of more of 350% than the conventional concrete at being exposed for one year to the present environment of study.","PeriodicalId":12001,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84947749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3019
C. Coskun, Z. Oktay, Bahadır Birecikli, Serdar Bamya
In this study, the electricity production and energy costs of hydroelectric power plant is analyzed by using actual power plants data. Using long term actual data, the capacity utilization rates of the hydroelectric power plant were estimated on an hourly basis. Economic analysis of the power plant and factors affecting the energy production costs (initial investment cost, operating-maintenance costs, etc.) were researched and the energy production costs of the power plant were assessed in detail. Additionally, for the first time in this study, a dimensionless number was defined to denote the variation of electricity consumption in the country on an hourly, monthly and yearly basis. This number was called the hourly electricity consumption coefficient (HECC). A detailed investigation of the electricity consumption in Turkey was analyzed.
{"title":"Energy and Economic Analysis of a Hydroelectric Power Plant: A Case Study","authors":"C. Coskun, Z. Oktay, Bahadır Birecikli, Serdar Bamya","doi":"10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3019","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the electricity production and energy costs of hydroelectric power plant is analyzed by using actual power plants data. Using long term actual data, the capacity utilization rates of the hydroelectric power plant were estimated on an hourly basis. Economic analysis of the power plant and factors affecting the energy production costs (initial investment cost, operating-maintenance costs, etc.) were researched and the energy production costs of the power plant were assessed in detail. Additionally, for the first time in this study, a dimensionless number was defined to denote the variation of electricity consumption in the country on an hourly, monthly and yearly basis. This number was called the hourly electricity consumption coefficient (HECC). A detailed investigation of the electricity consumption in Turkey was analyzed.","PeriodicalId":12001,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80403642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3043
M. Uddin, Raisa Akhtaruzzaman, T. A. Shanto, M. Hasan
Thermal systems in small devices like cooling electronic chips require efficient technologies with small diameter channels. These systems have laminar flow and disrupted boundary layers, leading to high pressure drop values. To ensure sufficient flow and limit coolant temperature, a possible solution is to dynamically deform one channel wall to mimic pumping and disrupt boundary layers, creating a peristaltic effect, called a dynamic heat exchanger. The aim of the present numerical study is to explore the effects of different operating parameters of the dynamic wall heat exchanger on the heat transfer performance. In our numerical study we varied different operating parameters (amplitude of vibration A, frequency f, minimum gap between upper and lower wall H and pressure difference P) and observed how it affects the performance of the dynamic wall heat exchanger in terms of mass flow rate of coolant (water) and heat transfer coefficient. A crucial finding is that the distribution of isotherms and streamlines is adequate, and heat transfer is significant when the relative amplitude is high. Additionally, this type of wall can generate substantial heat transfer even with minimal externally applied pressure.
{"title":"Study the Performance of a Dynamic Wall Heat Exchanger Using Computational Fluid Dynamics","authors":"M. Uddin, Raisa Akhtaruzzaman, T. A. Shanto, M. Hasan","doi":"10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3043","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal systems in small devices like cooling electronic chips require efficient technologies with small diameter channels. These systems have laminar flow and disrupted boundary layers, leading to high pressure drop values. To ensure sufficient flow and limit coolant temperature, a possible solution is to dynamically deform one channel wall to mimic pumping and disrupt boundary layers, creating a peristaltic effect, called a dynamic heat exchanger. The aim of the present numerical study is to explore the effects of different operating parameters of the dynamic wall heat exchanger on the heat transfer performance. In our numerical study we varied different operating parameters (amplitude of vibration A, frequency f, minimum gap between upper and lower wall H and pressure difference P) and observed how it affects the performance of the dynamic wall heat exchanger in terms of mass flow rate of coolant (water) and heat transfer coefficient. A crucial finding is that the distribution of isotherms and streamlines is adequate, and heat transfer is significant when the relative amplitude is high. Additionally, this type of wall can generate substantial heat transfer even with minimal externally applied pressure.","PeriodicalId":12001,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76317897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-13DOI: 10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.2972
M. Bolarinwa, Abdulrahman A. Adeyemi, Oluwasolamidotun E. Kassim
Epileptic power supply in Nigeria has caused hindrances to her growth. Electricity is required for technological advancement and economic growth, as business transactions and most activities depend on its availability. This work was aimed at developing a prototype hydropower plant for use in riverine area(s) for electricity generation. Using Autodesk inventor software, the required turbine was designed and thereafter fabricated and assembled appropriately with all necessary components. Stress analyses (Von Mises, first, and third principal stresses) were also conducted to determine the turbine load bearing capacity. The e system was fitted into the edge of a stream (with minimum debris and cataract to prevent and reduce the blades from wear and tear) and arranged such that the blades were at an appropriate angle of attack to capture the water's kinetic energy. The turbine possessed eight blades, designed and fabricated to function in a river with low volume. On assembling the turbine with frame, gears, ball bearing and shaft, a pico-hydropower plant was developed. Stress analyses indicated Von Mises; first; and third principal stresses to respectively be: (0.00000498617; -0.00316625; and -0.0259764) MPa for minimum values and (0.0382339; 0.0452009; and 0.00873272) MPa for maximum values, indicating that the turbine can withstand operating conditions like pressure, force and friction. On testing, voltage readings were 0.90, 0.93, 0.96, 0.98 and 1.00 volts respectively. It was found to be portable and economical. The locally developed hydropower plant will be useful for solving electrification problems in rural areas, farm settlements and off-grid homes.
{"title":"Technoeconomic Analysis of Prototype Hydropower Plant Development in Nigeria","authors":"M. Bolarinwa, Abdulrahman A. Adeyemi, Oluwasolamidotun E. Kassim","doi":"10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.2972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.2972","url":null,"abstract":"Epileptic power supply in Nigeria has caused hindrances to her growth. Electricity is required for technological advancement and economic growth, as business transactions and most activities depend on its availability. This work was aimed at developing a prototype hydropower plant for use in riverine area(s) for electricity generation. Using Autodesk inventor software, the required turbine was designed and thereafter fabricated and assembled appropriately with all necessary components. Stress analyses (Von Mises, first, and third principal stresses) were also conducted to determine the turbine load bearing capacity. The e system was fitted into the edge of a stream (with minimum debris and cataract to prevent and reduce the blades from wear and tear) and arranged such that the blades were at an appropriate angle of attack to capture the water's kinetic energy. The turbine possessed eight blades, designed and fabricated to function in a river with low volume. On assembling the turbine with frame, gears, ball bearing and shaft, a pico-hydropower plant was developed. Stress analyses indicated Von Mises; first; and third principal stresses to respectively be: (0.00000498617; -0.00316625; and -0.0259764) MPa for minimum values and (0.0382339; 0.0452009; and 0.00873272) MPa for maximum values, indicating that the turbine can withstand operating conditions like pressure, force and friction. On testing, voltage readings were 0.90, 0.93, 0.96, 0.98 and 1.00 volts respectively. It was found to be portable and economical. The locally developed hydropower plant will be useful for solving electrification problems in rural areas, farm settlements and off-grid homes.","PeriodicalId":12001,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76615428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3023
Saminu Ahmed, Abdullahi Sarki Zayyanu
The research worked on flood forecasting of Kainji Lake using stochastic models by making use of average monthly inflow data for 30 years from the period of 1990 to 2021 and average annual peak flows data for 21 years from 2000 to 2021 collected from Kainji Dam meteorological station. MINITAB and SPSS software were used for the analysis. The potential models selected for the analysis were ARIMA Models of order (2,1,2) and (2,1,0) for inflows and (1,1,1) and (1,1,0) for peak flows. The selection of these models was done by identifying their features using Auto and Partial Autocorrelation functions of having the lowest values of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Sum of Squares (SS) and Mean Squares (MS) when compared to the other models. Furthermore, the analysis of the residuals for Auto and Partial Autocorrelation functions, normal probability and Histogram plots were obtained and used for the validation of the models, the results show ARIMA of order (2,12) and (1,1,1) for in-flow and peak flow were the best. Twelve and a half (12.5) and five (5) years of forecast data for the two cases were obtained. The forecast result showed that the months of August to October 2023 have high inflow values with September having the highest inflow with a value of 3471.33 (m3/sec). This highlighted the importance and usefulness of these models in warning the communities around the study area of likely impending flood events from the months of September to October and also the land around the study area can be used for agricultural purposes during the months of March to July due to low flows.
{"title":"Analysis of Stream Inflow and Peak Flow of Kainji Lake Using Stochastic Models","authors":"Saminu Ahmed, Abdullahi Sarki Zayyanu","doi":"10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3023","url":null,"abstract":"The research worked on flood forecasting of Kainji Lake using stochastic models by making use of average monthly inflow data for 30 years from the period of 1990 to 2021 and average annual peak flows data for 21 years from 2000 to 2021 collected from Kainji Dam meteorological station. MINITAB and SPSS software were used for the analysis. The potential models selected for the analysis were ARIMA Models of order (2,1,2) and (2,1,0) for inflows and (1,1,1) and (1,1,0) for peak flows. The selection of these models was done by identifying their features using Auto and Partial Autocorrelation functions of having the lowest values of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Sum of Squares (SS) and Mean Squares (MS) when compared to the other models. Furthermore, the analysis of the residuals for Auto and Partial Autocorrelation functions, normal probability and Histogram plots were obtained and used for the validation of the models, the results show ARIMA of order (2,12) and (1,1,1) for in-flow and peak flow were the best. Twelve and a half (12.5) and five (5) years of forecast data for the two cases were obtained. The forecast result showed that the months of August to October 2023 have high inflow values with September having the highest inflow with a value of 3471.33 (m3/sec). This highlighted the importance and usefulness of these models in warning the communities around the study area of likely impending flood events from the months of September to October and also the land around the study area can be used for agricultural purposes during the months of March to July due to low flows.","PeriodicalId":12001,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79895981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-06DOI: 10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3012
TamilSelvi Madeswaran, Aruna Kumar Kavuru, Padma Theagarajan, Nasser Al Hadhrami, Maya Al Foori, Ohm Rambabu
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women worldwide, with about 2.1 million new cases every year according to World Health Organization. Breast cancer represents about 34.1% of all reported cancer cases in Omani females, with an average age of 34.7 and high mortality rates of 11 per 100,000 populations (GLOBOCAN 2018). The main cause of breast cancer is changing lifestyle and the risk factors such as age, family history, early mensural age, late menopause, obesity and contraceptive pills. Observations of recent literature informed that the prevalence of breast cancer is due to combination of risk factors. Occasionally unknown risk factors will also be the cause for the occurrence of breast cancer. Also, the impact of contribution of each of the risk factors in the cancer occurrence varies among the females. The aim of this research is to review the supervised machine learning techniques specifically Logistic Regression, Neural Networks, Decision Trees and Nearest Neighbors in order to predict the possibility of occurrence of breast cancer among the female population.
{"title":"An Intelligent System for Predicting the Breast Cancer Threat Using Health Data Registry and Awareness: A Review","authors":"TamilSelvi Madeswaran, Aruna Kumar Kavuru, Padma Theagarajan, Nasser Al Hadhrami, Maya Al Foori, Ohm Rambabu","doi":"10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3012","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women worldwide, with about 2.1 million new cases every year according to World Health Organization. Breast cancer represents about 34.1% of all reported cancer cases in Omani females, with an average age of 34.7 and high mortality rates of 11 per 100,000 populations (GLOBOCAN 2018). The main cause of breast cancer is changing lifestyle and the risk factors such as age, family history, early mensural age, late menopause, obesity and contraceptive pills. Observations of recent literature informed that the prevalence of breast cancer is due to combination of risk factors. Occasionally unknown risk factors will also be the cause for the occurrence of breast cancer. Also, the impact of contribution of each of the risk factors in the cancer occurrence varies among the females. The aim of this research is to review the supervised machine learning techniques specifically Logistic Regression, Neural Networks, Decision Trees and Nearest Neighbors in order to predict the possibility of occurrence of breast cancer among the female population.","PeriodicalId":12001,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90938811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3033
Djoï N. André, Nwosu I. Joseph, I. S. Sunday
Oil and natural gas production has been highly contributing to world economy and is some countries’ economy root. After the discovery of a new oil/gas field, the operator has to decide whether or not to develop that field. Such decisions rely on the economic evaluation of potential oil/gas fields development when they will be discovered and of the proven oil/gas reserves. The economic indicators used for that purpose are actually computed with deterministic and/or stochastic methods. Deterministic models show limitations while stochastic ones reduce the risks and doubts in the decision making. Stochastic models require the knowledge of the probability distribution of the model inputs, what is costeous in terms of software, data and conditions to be satisfied. Our study proposes a technique, called “Central Limit Theorem-based Stochastic Economic Evaluation (CLT-SEE) Model’’ that eases projects NPV probability distribution determination and the computation of P10, P50 and P90 of projects NPV, IRR and PI. A case study is carried out on a Nigerian’s Niger Delta onshore oil well. The results show the well NPV, IRR and PI are respectively MM$ 84.112, 24.5%, 1.169. The well project P10(NPV), P50(NPV) and P90(NPV) are respectively MM$ 96.4, MM$ 84.16 and MM$ 71.89; P10(IRR), P50(IRR) and P90(IRR) are respectively 27%, 24.75% and 22%; P10(PI), P50(PI) and P90(PI) are respectively 1.34, 1.17 and 1. These stochastic outputs show that the company has 90% of chance to earn at least MM$ 71.89 which is its investment and the likelihood that the project IRR be more than 22% is 0.9. As a result, the use of CLT-SEE model for oil wells economic evaluation offers much more chance and confidence to oil companies to decide righteously in field and well development projects.
{"title":"Central Limit Theorem-based Stochastic Economic Evaluation (CLT-SEE) Model for Evaluating Oil Wells: Case Study from Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Djoï N. André, Nwosu I. Joseph, I. S. Sunday","doi":"10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3033","url":null,"abstract":"Oil and natural gas production has been highly contributing to world economy and is some countries’ economy root. After the discovery of a new oil/gas field, the operator has to decide whether or not to develop that field. Such decisions rely on the economic evaluation of potential oil/gas fields development when they will be discovered and of the proven oil/gas reserves. The economic indicators used for that purpose are actually computed with deterministic and/or stochastic methods. Deterministic models show limitations while stochastic ones reduce the risks and doubts in the decision making. Stochastic models require the knowledge of the probability distribution of the model inputs, what is costeous in terms of software, data and conditions to be satisfied. Our study proposes a technique, called “Central Limit Theorem-based Stochastic Economic Evaluation (CLT-SEE) Model’’ that eases projects NPV probability distribution determination and the computation of P10, P50 and P90 of projects NPV, IRR and PI. A case study is carried out on a Nigerian’s Niger Delta onshore oil well. The results show the well NPV, IRR and PI are respectively MM$ 84.112, 24.5%, 1.169. The well project P10(NPV), P50(NPV) and P90(NPV) are respectively MM$ 96.4, MM$ 84.16 and MM$ 71.89; P10(IRR), P50(IRR) and P90(IRR) are respectively 27%, 24.75% and 22%; P10(PI), P50(PI) and P90(PI) are respectively 1.34, 1.17 and 1. These stochastic outputs show that the company has 90% of chance to earn at least MM$ 71.89 which is its investment and the likelihood that the project IRR be more than 22% is 0.9. As a result, the use of CLT-SEE model for oil wells economic evaluation offers much more chance and confidence to oil companies to decide righteously in field and well development projects.","PeriodicalId":12001,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84225442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3005
S. Pillala, K. Korkmaz, H. Koo
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have the potential to increase efficiency, safety, environmental benefits, and equity in the transportation area. However, these benefits are not guaranteed until design, planning, policy, and implementation frameworks play their roles in bringing these benefits to the community. This paper presents a bibliometric and systematic review of the legislation on AVs in the U.S. to analyze the definition, evolution, and enacted legislation to help understand the current status of this research area and provide the future research direction. Investigation of existing legislation mainly focuses on 33 states in the U.S. that have enacted legislation, and the information from 2012 to 2022 was collected. Then, the collected information was categorized into seven categories for further analysis. From this study, the authors found out that state rules primarily govern testing rather than its general use. Even though testing is currently the top priority, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) anticipates AV legislation to evolve rapidly and desires to issue new regulations annually in preparation for deployment. There is a trend in going through the state governments implementing AV legislation by evaluating current laws and regulations to address unnecessary impediments to testing and deployment. This trend should have cooperated with all states to avoid a patchwork of inconsistent state laws. This study shows that the states have been moving toward passing legislation to test and enact policies to be ready to implement AVs on the highways.
{"title":"Analysis of the Current Status of Enacted Legislation on Autonomous Vehicles in the United States","authors":"S. Pillala, K. Korkmaz, H. Koo","doi":"10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.3.3005","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have the potential to \u0000increase efficiency, safety, environmental benefits, and equity in the transportation area. However, these benefits are not guaranteed until design, planning, policy, and implementation frameworks play their roles in bringing these benefits to the community. This paper presents a bibliometric and systematic review of the legislation on AVs in the U.S. to analyze the definition, evolution, and enacted legislation to help understand the current status of this research area and provide the future research direction. Investigation of existing legislation mainly focuses on 33 states in the U.S. that have enacted legislation, and the information from 2012 to 2022 was collected. Then, the collected information was categorized into seven categories for further analysis. From this study, the authors found out that state rules primarily govern testing rather than its general use. Even though testing is currently the top priority, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) anticipates AV legislation to evolve rapidly and desires to issue new regulations annually in preparation for deployment. There is a trend in going through the state governments implementing AV legislation by evaluating current laws and regulations to address unnecessary impediments to testing and deployment. This trend should have cooperated with all states to avoid a patchwork of inconsistent state laws. This study shows that the states have been moving toward passing legislation to test and enact policies to be ready to implement AVs on the highways.","PeriodicalId":12001,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research","volume":"632 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76268477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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