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2022 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA)最新文献

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Laparoscopic automatic following motion planning of minimally invasive surgery robot based on safety constraints 基于安全约束的微创手术机器人腹腔镜自动跟随运动规划
Pub Date : 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICMA54519.2022.9856048
Shuizhong Zou, Yuan Huang, Ziang Wang
In the master-slave operation stage of robot minimally invasive surgery, doctors need to frequently switch the control objects to adjust the position and posture of the laparoscope to obtain a better surgical field of vision, which will distract doctors' attention and lead to a decrease in the quality of laparoscopic surgery. Therefore, a laparoscopic automatic following motion planning is proposed to track the motion of surgical instruments quickly, smoothly and safely. Firstly, the position and posture adjustment conditions and adjusted visual field requirements of the distal reference point of the laparoscope are analyzed, and its path points and limit points in the task space are determined through linear trajectory planning. Then, the corresponding path points and limit points of each joint of the manipulator holding the laparoscope in the joint space are obtained by using the robotic kinematic model. Finally, the Chebyshev pseudo-spectral method and the sequential quadratic programming method are used to realize the trajectory planning of the robot joint space and the trajectory optimization based on the optimal time-smoothness. The laparoscopic following experiment shows that the maximum time of trajectory planning and optimization is 0.0362s, and the maximum speed and acceleration of the manipulator joint are no more than 1.68rad/s and 34.79rad/s2 respectively, which meets the requirements of laparoscopic real-time and smooth tracking of the distal movement of surgical instruments during laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery.
在机器人微创手术的主从操作阶段,医生需要频繁切换控制对象来调整腹腔镜的位置和姿势,以获得更好的手术视野,这会分散医生的注意力,导致腹腔镜手术质量下降。为此,提出了一种腹腔镜自动跟随运动规划,以快速、平稳、安全地跟踪手术器械的运动。首先分析了腹腔镜远端参考点的位置姿态调整条件和调整视野要求,并通过线性轨迹规划确定其在任务空间中的路径点和极限点;然后,利用机器人运动学模型得到手持腹腔镜的机械臂各关节在关节空间中对应的路径点和极限点;最后,利用Chebyshev伪谱法和顺序二次规划法实现了机器人关节空间的轨迹规划和基于最优时间平滑的轨迹优化。腹腔镜跟随实验表明,轨迹规划优化的最大时间为0.0362s,机械手关节的最大速度和加速度分别不大于1.68rad/s和34.79rad/s2,满足腹腔镜微创手术中对手术器械远端运动的实时、平滑跟踪的要求。
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引用次数: 0
Speech recognition system of transformer improved by pre-parallel convolution Neural Network 用预并行卷积神经网络改进变压器语音识别系统
Pub Date : 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICMA54519.2022.9855999
Qi Yue, Zhang Han, Jing Chu, Xiaokai Han, Peiwen Li, Xuhui Deng
In recent years, both convolution neural network and Transformer neural network have high popularity in the field of deep learning. These two kinds of neural networks have their own characteristics and are widely used in the field of speech recognition. Convolution neural network is good at dealing with local feature information, and the core module of Transformer is self-attention mechanism, so it has a good control of global information. In this paper, we combine these two kinds of networks, give full play to their respective advantages, use convolution neural network to extract the feature information from the spectrogram, and then give it to the Transformer network for global processing, so as to achieve a good recognition effect. End-to-end neural network often has some problems such as slow training speed and difficulty in training. in order to solve this problem, the spectrogram is used as the input of the network to reduce the amount of information processing of the network. on the other hand, the techniques such as batch normalization, layer normalization and residual network are applied in the model to speed up the training of the model and prevent the occurrence of over-fitting phenomenon.
近年来,卷积神经网络和变压器神经网络在深度学习领域都有很高的知名度。这两种神经网络各有特点,在语音识别领域得到了广泛的应用。卷积神经网络擅长处理局部特征信息,而Transformer的核心模块是自关注机制,因此对全局信息有很好的控制能力。本文将这两种网络结合起来,充分发挥各自的优势,利用卷积神经网络从谱图中提取特征信息,再交给Transformer网络进行全局处理,从而达到较好的识别效果。端到端神经网络往往存在训练速度慢、训练难度大等问题。为了解决这一问题,采用频谱图作为网络的输入,以减少网络的信息处理量。另一方面,在模型中应用了批归一化、层归一化、残差网络等技术,加快了模型的训练速度,防止了过拟合现象的发生。
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引用次数: 0
Intelligent irrigation system based on NB-IOT 基于NB-IOT的智能灌溉系统
Pub Date : 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICMA54519.2022.9856145
Yan Zhao, Yonglong Yu, Jun Kang, Yongcheng Zhang
To realize the monitoring and management of intelligent irrigation system, the NB-IOT-based intelligent monitoring and irrigation system for agriculture is designed. The system design adopts IOT architecture, the collection and control layer collects greenhouse environmental parameters through STM32 microcontroller, and transmits the data to the application layer through NB-IOT module. The system is tested by operation, and the intelligent monitoring and irrigation execution module can be adjusted and controlled according to the environmental and meteorological data uploaded by the NB-IOT module, so as to adapt to different weather and surrounding environment.
为实现对智能灌溉系统的监控和管理,设计了基于nb - iot的农业智能监控灌溉系统。系统设计采用物联网架构,采集控制层通过STM32单片机采集温室环境参数,并通过NB-IOT模块将数据传输到应用层。系统通过运行测试,智能监测和灌溉执行模块可以根据NB-IOT模块上传的环境和气象数据进行调节和控制,以适应不同的天气和周围环境。
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引用次数: 2
Study on Collaborative Task Assignment of Sphere Multi-Robot based on Group Intelligence Algorithm 基于群体智能算法的球形多机器人协同任务分配研究
Pub Date : 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICMA54519.2022.9856105
Chenqi Li, Jian Guo, Shuxiang Guo, Qiang Fu
With the development of science and technology, many complex problems cannot be completed efficiently by a single robot and require multiple robots to work together. For complex task scenarios with multiple robots, the multi-robot task allocation problem is the key to coordinating robots to work efficiently. In this paper, for the application scenario of multi-robot collaborative inspection task allocation, the task allocation problem is first mathematically modelled using the multi-robot problem model, and simulations based on the resource balance search algorithm and the genetic population intelligence algorithm are applied respectively. Incorporating constraints in the population intelligence genetic algorithm, which transforms robot power constraints into distance constraints for research, allows for targeted simulation solutions for practical multi-robot collaborative detection. The results show that the genetic algorithm based on population intelligence can solve the problem well and minimise the total cost of multi-ball robot clustering, enhance the optimised search capability of the algorithm, improve the rationality of multi-robot task allocation and increase the efficiency of task completion.
随着科学技术的发展,许多复杂的问题无法由单个机器人高效完成,需要多个机器人协同工作。对于多机器人的复杂任务场景,多机器人任务分配问题是协调机器人高效工作的关键。本文针对多机器人协同巡检任务分配的应用场景,首先利用多机器人问题模型对任务分配问题进行数学建模,分别采用基于资源平衡搜索算法和遗传群体智能算法进行仿真。将约束纳入种群智能遗传算法,将机器人功率约束转化为距离约束进行研究,为实际的多机器人协同检测提供了有针对性的仿真解决方案。结果表明,基于群体智能的遗传算法能较好地解决多球机器人聚类问题,使聚类总成本最小化,增强了算法的优化搜索能力,提高了多机器人任务分配的合理性,提高了任务完成效率。
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引用次数: 0
Energy Block Chain Trading Mechanism Based on Game Strategy 基于博弈策略的能源区块链交易机制
Pub Date : 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICMA54519.2022.9856034
Xuesong Zhou, Donghui Xu, Youjie Ma, Fuhou Tu
With the rapid development of photovoltaic, wind power and other new energy sources, more and more renewable energy sources have been applied to the power market. However, there is still a serious phenomenon of “abandoning light and wind” at the present stage. In Addition, China’s fossil energy still occupies a dominant position. Therefore, how to improve the utilization rate of renewable energy and reduce carbon emissions is a problem worthy of study. Based on micro the renewable energy power suppliers and power grid in the net in the thermal power suppliers as the research object, based on cooperative game model is established and the consensus league chain mechanism, combined with the carbon emission reduction contribution and load characteristics, set up power and new energy power plant net income for the biggest target of cooperative game model, and through the analysis of the trading main body’s contribution to the alliance, Improve Shapley value profit distribution model. Simulation results show that: based on the cooperative game formed by blockchain, the total profit of power suppliers is higher than the sum of the profits of power suppliers under the traditional mode, which improves the utilization rate of renewable energy, reduces the rate of abandoned light and wind, and reduces the carbon emissions.
随着光伏、风电等新能源的快速发展,越来越多的可再生能源被应用到电力市场。但现阶段仍存在严重的“弃光弃风”现象。此外,中国的化石能源仍然占据主导地位。因此,如何提高可再生能源的利用率,减少碳排放是一个值得研究的问题。本文以微可再生能源发电商和电网中网火电商为研究对象,建立了基于合作博弈模型和共识的联盟链机制,结合碳减排贡献和负荷特点,建立了以电力和新能源电厂净收入为最大目标的合作博弈模型,并通过分析交易主体对联盟的贡献,改进Shapley值利润分配模式。仿真结果表明:基于区块链形成的合作博弈,电力供应商的总利润高于传统模式下电力供应商的利润总和,提高了可再生能源的利用率,降低了弃光弃风率,减少了碳排放。
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引用次数: 0
FNE-PCT: An Efficient Transformer Network for 3D Classification FNE-PCT:用于三维分类的高效变压器网络
Pub Date : 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICMA54519.2022.9856260
Ming Han, J. Sha, Yanheng Wang, C. Ma, Xiang Zhang
Detection or classification directly from 3D point clouds has received increasing attention in recent years. Transformer is more suitable for processing point cloud data than convolutional neural networks because of its inherent permutation invariance in processing sequences. However, common sampling strategies increase the training time of the model based on Transformer, such as Point Cloud Transformer (PCT). Aiming at the problem of slow inference speed of PCT, we propose a network structure named Fast Neighbor Embedding Point Cloud Transformer (FNE-PCT) in this paper. Instead of farthest point sample (FPS) and nearest neighbor search in PCT, FNE-PCT uses a fast neighbor embedding module to improve the inference speed and a residual self-attention encoding module to enhance the expression ability. Extensive experiments based on 3D object classification show that our FNE-PCT outperforms other excellent algorithms such as PointNet, PointNet++ and PointCNN. Our FNE-PCT achieves 92.6% accuracy on ModelNet40, which is on the same level as PCT. Meanwhile the speed is boosted up 29.2%, 43.6% and 52.9% than PCT respectively on ModelNet10, ModelNet40 and ShapeNetParts datasets.
近年来,直接从三维点云中进行检测或分类越来越受到人们的关注。变压器在处理序列上具有排列不变性,因此比卷积神经网络更适合处理点云数据。然而,常用的基于Transformer的采样策略,如点云变压器(PCT),会增加模型的训练时间。针对PCT推理速度慢的问题,本文提出了一种快速邻居嵌入点云变压器(FNE-PCT)网络结构。FNE-PCT采用快速邻居嵌入模块提高推理速度,残差自关注编码模块增强表达能力,而不是采用PCT中的最远点样本(FPS)和最近邻搜索。基于3D目标分类的大量实验表明,我们的FNE-PCT优于PointNet、pointnet++和PointCNN等其他优秀算法。我们的FNE-PCT在ModelNet40上的准确率达到了92.6%,与PCT处于同一水平,同时在ModelNet10、ModelNet40和ShapeNetParts数据集上的速度分别比PCT提高了29.2%、43.6%和52.9%。
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引用次数: 0
RGBD image based human detection for electromechanical equipment in underground coal mine 基于RGBD图像的煤矿井下机电设备人体检测
Pub Date : 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICMA54519.2022.9856066
Tao Huang, Xiaoyu Zou, Zhongbin Wang, Honglin Wu, Qingfeng Wang
Human detection within the operating area of electromechanical equipment is essential to ensure safe production and avoid accidents in the underground coal mine. Low light intensity and uneven light distribution in its environment surrenders the traditional color image based methods for human detection. In this paper, we focus on accurate detection of human in the operating area of electromechanical mining equipment using RGBD image. A novel network framework for miner detection based on YOLOv3 is proposed to fuse color image and depth image with enhanced attention mechanism. In the Pre-Backbone, feature extraction of both Depth and RGB branches are developed as the preliminary feature extractor with convolutional layer and residual block. Then the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is improved to select and fuse RGB and Depth features by defining channel weights. Finally, the features are further inputted to Post-Backbone and used for multi-scale prediction in Head. The experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over some classical methods on miner detection with different light intensities and distributions.
煤矿井下机电设备作业区域内的人员检测是保证煤矿安全生产、避免事故发生的关键。在其环境中,低光强和不均匀的光分布使传统的基于彩色图像的人类检测方法无法实现。本文主要研究利用RGBD图像对机电矿山设备作业区域的人员进行准确检测。提出了一种基于YOLOv3的新型矿工检测网络框架,通过增强注意机制融合彩色图像和深度图像。在Pre-Backbone中,将深度分支和RGB分支作为初始特征提取器,结合卷积层和残差块进行特征提取。然后改进了卷积块注意模块(CBAM),通过定义信道权重来选择和融合RGB和Depth特征。最后,将这些特征进一步输入到Post-Backbone中,用于Head的多尺度预测。实验结果表明,该方法在不同光强和光分布条件下的矿机检测优于经典方法。
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引用次数: 0
Layout and Scheduling Technology of Complex Product Production Site Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm and Placement Rules 基于改进遗传算法和布局规则的复杂产品生产场地布局与调度技术
Pub Date : 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICMA54519.2022.9856254
Yuzhong Li, Niansong Zhang, Aiming Wang
Based on the demand for site optimization layout and scheduling proposed by the production plan of complex products based on the horizontal scientific research topic “Smart Site Scheduling and Monitoring Technology” of China Electric Power 14 Institute, the production efficiency of manufacturers and the reduction of scheduling are improved through reasonable site optimization layout scheduling technology. costs, so as to maximize the profit of the manufacturer.
基于中国电力十四院横向科研课题“智能现场调度与监控技术”的复杂产品生产计划提出的现场优化布局与调度需求,通过合理的现场优化布局调度技术,提高制造商的生产效率,减少调度。成本,从而使制造商的利润最大化。
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引用次数: 0
Design of Intelligent Logistics Delivery Experiment Teaching System based on Machine Vision 基于机器视觉的智能物流配送实验教学系统设计
Pub Date : 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICMA54519.2022.9856082
Xin Wang, Jintao Chen, Cong Li, Huiying Ma, Zhi Qi, Lihong Song
Logistics delivery is widely used in many fields. This paper designs an intelligent logistics delivery experimental teaching system based on STM32F103 microcomputer and machine vision sensor. The convolutional neural network model based on improved LeNet-5 is applied to identify information of the destination number. The navigation information can be identified and traced at the same time. All information can be sent to the host computer through the serial port for processing. The experimental results show that the intelligent logistics delivery system can quickly complete the target number recognition and achieve high accuracy. The system has the advantages of low cost, moderate difficulty and stable performance. It has a certain value of experimental teaching and practical application.
物流配送被广泛应用于许多领域。本文设计了一种基于STM32F103单片机和机器视觉传感器的智能物流配送实验教学系统。采用基于改进LeNet-5的卷积神经网络模型对目的地号码信息进行识别。可以同时识别和跟踪导航信息。所有信息均可通过串口发送到上位机进行处理。实验结果表明,该智能物流配送系统能够快速完成目标号码识别,达到较高的准确率。该系统具有成本低、难度适中、性能稳定等优点。具有一定的实验教学和实际应用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Study on Echocardiographic Image Segmentation Based on Attention U-Net 基于注意力U-Net的超声心动图图像分割研究
Pub Date : 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICMA54519.2022.9856086
Kai Wang, Jiwei Zhang, Hirotaka Hachiya, Haiyuan Wu
To interpret cardiac function through the use of echocardiography requires considerable expertise and years of diagnostic experience. To construct the support system for the evaluation of cardiac function from echocardiographic images, in this paper, we consider an automatic segmentation in a two-chamber view of echocardiographic images based on Attention U-Net. To improve accuracy, we made two ingenuity. 1) In the dataset, we merge the left ventricle as a medial constraint to its 6 parts of the left ventricular wall. 2) the weight of the corresponding loss function of each class is then set according to the area ratio of each class of echocardiography. Training and testing were performed using annotated data produced under the guidance of an echocardiographic expert.
通过使用超声心动图来解释心功能需要相当的专业知识和多年的诊断经验。为了构建超声心动图图像心功能评价的支持系统,本文提出了一种基于注意力U-Net的双腔超声心动图图像自动分割方法。为了提高准确性,我们做了两个精巧的设计。1)在数据集中,我们将左心室合并为左心室壁的6个部分的内侧约束。2)然后根据超声心动图各分类的面积比,设置各分类对应的损失函数的权重。在超声心动图专家的指导下,使用注释数据进行训练和测试。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2022 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA)
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