Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100057
S. Mehdi, S. Nafees, Zafaryab, Asad Mahmood Khan, M. Rizvi
Cancer is one of the major public health concerns in the United States and in other developed countries, affecting million deaths approximately every year worldwide. Cancer incidences show inconsistency between emerging and developed nations. Epidemiologic findings intensely propose that incidence of cancer are predisposed by environmental factors including diet, which is essentially unavoidable. Strategies to prevent cancer comprise overlapping approaches viz. Dietary cancer prevention or chemoprevention. Naturally occurring constituents or pharmacological agents prevent or reverse the initiation phase of carcinogenesis or arrest at progression of carcinogenesis through chemoprevention. Cancer prevention through diet may be possible by the intake of fruits and vegetables. Significant consideration has been given in finding plant-derived dietary agents, which can be developed as promising chemo preventives. One such compound is chrysin (5,7-dihydroxylflavone). It has been shown to possess significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties. Recently significant progress has been made in studying the biological effects of chrysin at cellular and molecular levels. This review scrutinizes the anticancer effects of chrysin, its considerable potential for development as a cancer chemo preventive agent.
{"title":"Chrysin: A Promising Anticancer Agent its Current Trends and Future Perspectives","authors":"S. Mehdi, S. Nafees, Zafaryab, Asad Mahmood Khan, M. Rizvi","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100057","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is one of the major public health concerns in the United States and in other developed countries, affecting million deaths approximately every year worldwide. Cancer incidences show inconsistency between emerging and developed nations. Epidemiologic findings intensely propose that incidence of cancer are predisposed by environmental factors including diet, which is essentially unavoidable. Strategies to prevent cancer comprise overlapping approaches viz. Dietary cancer prevention or chemoprevention. Naturally occurring constituents or pharmacological agents prevent or reverse the initiation phase of carcinogenesis or arrest at progression of carcinogenesis through chemoprevention. Cancer prevention through diet may be possible by the intake of fruits and vegetables. Significant consideration has been given in finding plant-derived dietary agents, which can be developed as promising chemo preventives. One such compound is chrysin (5,7-dihydroxylflavone). It has been shown to possess significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties. Recently significant progress has been made in studying the biological effects of chrysin at cellular and molecular levels. This review scrutinizes the anticancer effects of chrysin, its considerable potential for development as a cancer chemo preventive agent.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76229398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100046
Bulti Kumera, T. Anteneh, K. Aragaw
The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between diabetes and ASB in women, identify the bacteria involved and determine their antimicrobial resistance. Diabetic (n=100) and non-diabetic (n=100) nonpregnant women, with no abnormalities of the urinary tract were involved in the study. Clean-catch midstream urine samples were collected for bacterial isolation and identification. Questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical information of the patient. ASB was diagnosed in 22(22%) diabetic and 15(15%) nondiabetic women. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus species were isolated from both groups of study subjects. There was no statistically significant difference in the relative frequency of isolated bacteria species among the two groups of patients (P>0.05). Most of the isolated bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin (96%), penicillin (92%) and vancomycin (70%), but susceptible to ceftriaxone (60%), norfloxacin (62%) and gentamicin (62%). Occurrence of ASB was not associated with diabetic status in women attending Hawassa University Referral Teaching Hospital.
{"title":"Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Relation to Diabetic Women Attending Hawassa University Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Bulti Kumera, T. Anteneh, K. Aragaw","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100046","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between diabetes and ASB in women, identify the bacteria involved and determine their antimicrobial resistance. Diabetic (n=100) and non-diabetic (n=100) nonpregnant women, with no abnormalities of the urinary tract were involved in the study. Clean-catch midstream urine samples were collected for bacterial isolation and identification. Questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical information of the patient. ASB was diagnosed in 22(22%) diabetic and 15(15%) nondiabetic women. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus species were isolated from both groups of study subjects. There was no statistically significant difference in the relative frequency of isolated bacteria species among the two groups of patients (P>0.05). Most of the isolated bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin (96%), penicillin (92%) and vancomycin (70%), but susceptible to ceftriaxone (60%), norfloxacin (62%) and gentamicin (62%). Occurrence of ASB was not associated with diabetic status in women attending Hawassa University Referral Teaching Hospital.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84518233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100053
Estifanos Tsegaye Redda, Jing Ma, J. Mei, Mei Li, Beilei Wu, Xiliang Jiang
Trichoderma spp. are widely used as bio-fungicides in agriculture. Induction of plant defense and mycoparasitism (killing of one fungus by another) are considered to be the most important mechanisms of Trichoderma-mediated biological control. In the present study, 380 isolates of 21 Trichoderma species were isolated from Grassland forest soil of Iner Mongolia, China and screened for their antagonistic and antibiosis efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea by dual culture. The result indicated that the antagonistic potential of 380 isolates of Trichoderma strains against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea were varied which inhibited Fusarium oxysporum ranges 10.12-70.70%, Botrytis cinerea (44.18-82.98%) and Rhizoctonia solani (35.07-88.07). Among isolates of Trichoderma, 195 isolates showed strong antagonistic potential which inhibited >50% mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, 319 and 377 Trichoderma isolates inhibited >50% mycelial growth of R. solani and B. cinerea respectively. Furthermore, 47 Trichoderma strains have inhibited >50% mycelial growth and have >30 Mycoparasitism for the three tested pathogens. Moreover, one hundred eighty five (185) isolates were also showed inhibitory but their antagonistic potential <50% of the mycelial growth while 50 isolates showed <40% mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, 61 isolates showed <50% mycelial growth for R. solani and 3 isolates showed <50% mycelial growth for B. cinerea. These potential isolates of Trichoderma may be further exploited as a biocontrol agent against F. oxysporum, R. solani and B. cinerea as well as other soilborne phytopathogenic fungi.
{"title":"Antagonistic Potential of Different Isolates of Trichoderma against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea","authors":"Estifanos Tsegaye Redda, Jing Ma, J. Mei, Mei Li, Beilei Wu, Xiliang Jiang","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100053","url":null,"abstract":"Trichoderma spp. are widely used as bio-fungicides in agriculture. Induction of plant defense and mycoparasitism (killing of one fungus by another) are considered to be the most important mechanisms of Trichoderma-mediated biological control. In the present study, 380 isolates of 21 Trichoderma species were isolated from Grassland forest soil of Iner Mongolia, China and screened for their antagonistic and antibiosis efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea by dual culture. The result indicated that the antagonistic potential of 380 isolates of Trichoderma strains against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea were varied which inhibited Fusarium oxysporum ranges 10.12-70.70%, Botrytis cinerea (44.18-82.98%) and Rhizoctonia solani (35.07-88.07). Among isolates of Trichoderma, 195 isolates showed strong antagonistic potential which inhibited >50% mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, 319 and 377 Trichoderma isolates inhibited >50% mycelial growth of R. solani and B. cinerea respectively. Furthermore, 47 Trichoderma strains have inhibited >50% mycelial growth and have >30 Mycoparasitism for the three tested pathogens. Moreover, one hundred eighty five (185) isolates were also showed inhibitory but their antagonistic potential <50% of the mycelial growth while 50 isolates showed <40% mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, 61 isolates showed <50% mycelial growth for R. solani and 3 isolates showed <50% mycelial growth for B. cinerea. These potential isolates of Trichoderma may be further exploited as a biocontrol agent against F. oxysporum, R. solani and B. cinerea as well as other soilborne phytopathogenic fungi.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72850382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100074
Deepak R Ch, Ra, Thoyajaksha Sakaleshpur
Numerous scientific studies showed that tissue culture induced mutation has been detected in all species studied. Therefore, it is very important to study the degree of genetic similarity by comparing the gene sequence of regenerated plants with the mother plant. In this study, a Polymorphic Chain Reaction (PCR) based methods such as RAPD and ISSR marker techniques were used to study the genetic similarity of in-vitro cultured plants of Ventilago maderaspatana Geartn. Fourteen individuals were randomly tagged from the population of regenerated plants for the genetic similarity analysis. ISSR method carried using 22 primers from which a total of 98 clear and reproducible bands was scored. Out of 98 bands, 72 were monomorphic bands (73.47%) and 26 were polymorphic bands (26.53%). Dendrogram cluster analysis of data generated from 22 ISSR primers showed an estimated genetic distance of 0.07. RAPD method carried using 21 primers from which a total of 194 clear and reproducible bands was scored. Out of 194 bands, 126 were monomorphic bands (64.94%) and 68 were polymorphic bands (35.05%). Dendrogram cluster analysis of data generated from 21 RAPD primers showed an estimated genetic distance of 0.065. ISSR and RAPD data analyzed using NTSYS-pc showed that micro propagated plants exhibit maximum similarity with the mother plant.
{"title":"Evaluation of Genetic Similarity of Micropropogated Plants of Ventilago Maderaspatana Geartn using RAPD and ISSR Markers","authors":"Deepak R Ch, Ra, Thoyajaksha Sakaleshpur","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100074","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous scientific studies showed that tissue culture induced mutation has been detected in all species studied. Therefore, it is very important to study the degree of genetic similarity by comparing the gene sequence of regenerated plants with the mother plant. In this study, a Polymorphic Chain Reaction (PCR) based methods such as RAPD and ISSR marker techniques were used to study the genetic similarity of in-vitro cultured plants of Ventilago maderaspatana Geartn. Fourteen individuals were randomly tagged from the population of regenerated plants for the genetic similarity analysis. ISSR method carried using 22 primers from which a total of 98 clear and reproducible bands was scored. Out of 98 bands, 72 were monomorphic bands (73.47%) and 26 were polymorphic bands (26.53%). Dendrogram cluster analysis of data generated from 22 ISSR primers showed an estimated genetic distance of 0.07. RAPD method carried using 21 primers from which a total of 194 clear and reproducible bands was scored. Out of 194 bands, 126 were monomorphic bands (64.94%) and 68 were polymorphic bands (35.05%). Dendrogram cluster analysis of data generated from 21 RAPD primers showed an estimated genetic distance of 0.065. ISSR and RAPD data analyzed using NTSYS-pc showed that micro propagated plants exhibit maximum similarity with the mother plant.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86854298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100052
A. Sani, Maryam Muhammad Labaran, Bilkisu Dayyabu
The widespread usage of mobile phones in recent years has raised concern for potential dangers and subsequent research activities. Many have tried to determine the effects of the emitted electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of EMR from mobile phones on behavior, some hematological (RBC, MCV, WBC, HGB, MCH, MCHC, LYM, LYM %) and biochemical parameters (AST, ALT and ALP) in experimental rats. The results indicated that there is increase in mean weight of animals exposed to low EMR but the increment was less as the exposure period increases. No changes were observed in terms of their behavior. The values of RBC, HGB and MCH in 100% of the experimental animals in all groups of low and high EMR have exceeded that of the control. However, the values of WBC in 100% of experimental animals have not exceeded that of the control group. The mean values of AST and ALT in 30% of high EMR exposed rats has exceeded the control groups. There is no significant difference between high and low EMR exposed rats in terms of hematological parameters (RBC, MCV, WBC, HGB, MCH, MCHC, LYM, LYM %) and biochemical parameters (ALT, AST and ALP) (P>0.05).
{"title":"Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation of Mobile Phones on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Male Albino Rats","authors":"A. Sani, Maryam Muhammad Labaran, Bilkisu Dayyabu","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100052","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread usage of mobile phones in recent years has raised concern for potential dangers and subsequent research activities. Many have tried to determine the effects of the emitted electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effects of EMR from mobile phones on behavior, some hematological (RBC, MCV, WBC, HGB, MCH, MCHC, LYM, LYM %) and biochemical parameters (AST, ALT and ALP) in experimental rats. The results indicated that there is increase in mean weight of animals exposed to low EMR but the increment was less as the exposure period increases. No changes were observed in terms of their behavior. The values of RBC, HGB and MCH in 100% of the experimental animals in all groups of low and high EMR have exceeded that of the control. However, the values of WBC in 100% of experimental animals have not exceeded that of the control group. The mean values of AST and ALT in 30% of high EMR exposed rats has exceeded the control groups. There is no significant difference between high and low EMR exposed rats in terms of hematological parameters (RBC, MCV, WBC, HGB, MCH, MCHC, LYM, LYM %) and biochemical parameters (ALT, AST and ALP) (P>0.05).","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89306343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100059
Shah Zareen, I. Ahmad, Akhtar Ali, Haris Ali Khan, I. Khan, M. Fawad, S. Rahman
A survey was performed to measure the distribution of invasive parthenium (P. hysterophorus) weed in the university campus, Peshawar, the capital city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in 2016. The University Campus included: The University of Peshawar, Islamia College University, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan Forest Institute and the New Developmental Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar were the main studied areas. In the selected areas P. hysterophorus distribution was measured in the academic, residential and research farm areas. Moreover, the survey also investigated the impact of parthenium weed upon native weeds flora inside the University campus. A 1m2 quadrat was used to collect the data. During the survey, a total of 32 weeds species were recorded belonging to 18 different families and 32 genera, the life cycle of 23 weeds were annual while 9 weeds have perennial life cycle. The data were recorded on absolute density (%), relative density (%), absolute frequency (%), relative frequency (%) and importance values (%) of parthenium weed and others flora. The data showed that parthenium weed was most dominant species having 76.8 m-2 plants density in the NDF and (32.0 m-2) plants in Islamia University. However, the highest frequency (100%) of P. hysterophorus was observed for The University of Agriculture, while minimum (80%) occurred in Agronomy field. Moreover the relative frequency of P. hysterophorus was maximum (25%) seemed for Islamia College; whereas, its minimum (12.9%) at Agronomy field. Lastly, the Importance Value of Parthenium indicates the highest (45.98%) at Dairy farm followed by (40.33 %) at Horticulture field’s area. In conclusion, the Parthenium weed become more problematic and replaces all the native flora in the non-crop area specially Dicanthium annulatum a native grass specie on the on the ridges of the field being replaced by parthenium. Due to no proper management and high growth rate, nowadays it becomes as super weed in the KPK and especially in the Pakistan. So, the management of Parthenium weed requires the call attention from the Govt. policy maker and proper quarantine inspection to conserve the native flora and field crops to get maximum crop yield.
{"title":"Distributions of Invasive Weed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) in the University Campus Peshawar, Pakistan","authors":"Shah Zareen, I. Ahmad, Akhtar Ali, Haris Ali Khan, I. Khan, M. Fawad, S. Rahman","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100059","url":null,"abstract":"A survey was performed to measure the distribution of invasive parthenium (P. hysterophorus) weed in the university campus, Peshawar, the capital city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in 2016. The University Campus included: The University of Peshawar, Islamia College University, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan Forest Institute and the New Developmental Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar were the main studied areas. In the selected areas P. hysterophorus distribution was measured in the academic, residential and research farm areas. Moreover, the survey also investigated the impact of parthenium weed upon native weeds flora inside the University campus. A 1m2 quadrat was used to collect the data. During the survey, a total of 32 weeds species were recorded belonging to 18 different families and 32 genera, the life cycle of 23 weeds were annual while 9 weeds have perennial life cycle. The data were recorded on absolute density (%), relative density (%), absolute frequency (%), relative frequency (%) and importance values (%) of parthenium weed and others flora. The data showed that parthenium weed was most dominant species having 76.8 m-2 plants density in the NDF and (32.0 m-2) plants in Islamia University. However, the highest frequency (100%) of P. hysterophorus was observed for The University of Agriculture, while minimum (80%) occurred in Agronomy field. Moreover the relative frequency of P. hysterophorus was maximum (25%) seemed for Islamia College; whereas, its minimum (12.9%) at Agronomy field. Lastly, the Importance Value of Parthenium indicates the highest (45.98%) at Dairy farm followed by (40.33 %) at Horticulture field’s area. In conclusion, the Parthenium weed become more problematic and replaces all the native flora in the non-crop area specially Dicanthium annulatum a native grass specie on the on the ridges of the field being replaced by parthenium. Due to no proper management and high growth rate, nowadays it becomes as super weed in the KPK and especially in the Pakistan. So, the management of Parthenium weed requires the call attention from the Govt. policy maker and proper quarantine inspection to conserve the native flora and field crops to get maximum crop yield.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89690794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100047
Pratibha Kamble, Sameer R Kulkarni
Aims: We hypothesized that acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin, ASA) treament has ability to induce Sirtuin 1, 4 (Sirt1 and Sirt4) and it downstream targets, peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma co-activator-1α (PGC1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) gene in cultured HL1 cardiomyocytes. We also assume that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formed during redox reactions is inducer of Sirt1 gene. Methods and Results: Atrial Cardiomyocyts HL1 cells were cultured in Claycomb medium with 10% FBS, 100μmol/L norepinephrine, and 4 mmol/L L-glutamine (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) in gelatin coated flasks. Cells were maintained at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Cells were then incubated with either 50 μM and 0.25 mM ASA for 48 h in the same medium. Respective controls were maintained with alcohol alone. At the end of the treatment, the medium was removed and the cells were washed with PBS and harvested in Trizol® for isolation of RNA. RT-PCR was performed for the analysis of gene expression. Our results in cultured HL1 cardiomyocytes showed ASA treament induced Sirt1 and Sirt4 genes via H2O2 generation. Increase in Sirt1 gene activated PGC1α and Tfam gene. ASA have also induced antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) gene. Conclusion: We conclude from our results that ASA is a potential anti-atherosclerotic drug and an increase in Sirt1 gene further suggest that it can induce anti-inflammatory action. It can also interfere with Nfkb signaling pathway that can prevent foam cell formation. However, specific overexpression of PGC1α and Tfam gene in HL1 cardiomyocyte can increase mitochondrial biogenesis and prevent the development of heart failure.
{"title":"Induction of Sirt1 and PGC1α Signalling Pathway in Cardiac Mitochondrial Biogenesis by Aspirin","authors":"Pratibha Kamble, Sameer R Kulkarni","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100047","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: We hypothesized that acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin, ASA) treament has ability to induce Sirtuin 1, 4 (Sirt1 and Sirt4) and it downstream targets, peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma co-activator-1α (PGC1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) gene in cultured HL1 cardiomyocytes. We also assume that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formed during redox reactions is inducer of Sirt1 gene. Methods and Results: Atrial Cardiomyocyts HL1 cells were cultured in Claycomb medium with 10% FBS, 100μmol/L norepinephrine, and 4 mmol/L L-glutamine (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) in gelatin coated flasks. Cells were maintained at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Cells were then incubated with either 50 μM and 0.25 mM ASA for 48 h in the same medium. Respective controls were maintained with alcohol alone. At the end of the treatment, the medium was removed and the cells were washed with PBS and harvested in Trizol® for isolation of RNA. RT-PCR was performed for the analysis of gene expression. Our results in cultured HL1 cardiomyocytes showed ASA treament induced Sirt1 and Sirt4 genes via H2O2 generation. Increase in Sirt1 gene activated PGC1α and Tfam gene. ASA have also induced antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) gene. Conclusion: We conclude from our results that ASA is a potential anti-atherosclerotic drug and an increase in Sirt1 gene further suggest that it can induce anti-inflammatory action. It can also interfere with Nfkb signaling pathway that can prevent foam cell formation. However, specific overexpression of PGC1α and Tfam gene in HL1 cardiomyocyte can increase mitochondrial biogenesis and prevent the development of heart failure.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89802568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100062
A. M. Omar, Ayman S Taha, A. Mohamed
The present study appraises an emphasis on appropriately treating of microbial deterioration of different archaeological artifacts such as papyrus, manuscripts, parchment, wood antiques and building materials. Microbial swabs were taken from these infected artifacts and the isolated microorganisms were characterized. The following genera were identified: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Acremonium, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Torula and Alternaria. The genus Aspergillus was the dominant genus having 49.6% of the total fungal isolates, followed by Penicillium and Acremonium. Plant extracts were prepared from two aquatic plants, Polygonum senegalensis and Potamogeton crispus, and their antimicrobial activities against the isolated microorganisms were evaluated. Both plants showed potent antimicrobial activity. GC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts was performed for both plants. In Polygonum senegalense, the main chemical constituent was 2-butenoic acid, 2-methyl-, dodecahydro-8- hydroxy-8a-methyl-3,5-bis(methylene)-2-oxonaphtho[2,3- b]furan-4-y (27.05%) followed by 2-cyclohexylpiperidine (10.70%), 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-disilaphenalane (10.10%), psi,psi-carotene, 1,1',2,2'-tetrahydro-1,1'-dimethoxy- (8.50%), linoleic acid ethyl ester (6.57%) and l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate (5.30%). The main chemical constituents of methanolic extract of Potamogeton crispus were 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-succinic acid, bis-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl ester (32.70%), 2-thiazolamine, 4-(3,4- dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methyl- (15.90%), cucurbitacin B, dihydro- (8.30%) and 3-dimethylamino-2-(4-chlorphenyl)- thioacrylic acid, thiomorpholide(7.29%).
{"title":"Microbial Deterioration of Some Archaeological Artifacts: Manipulation and Treatment","authors":"A. M. Omar, Ayman S Taha, A. Mohamed","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100062","url":null,"abstract":"The present study appraises an emphasis on appropriately treating of microbial deterioration of different archaeological artifacts such as papyrus, manuscripts, parchment, wood antiques and building materials. Microbial swabs were taken from these infected artifacts and the isolated microorganisms were characterized. The following genera were identified: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Acremonium, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Torula and Alternaria. The genus Aspergillus was the dominant genus having 49.6% of the total fungal isolates, followed by Penicillium and Acremonium. Plant extracts were prepared from two aquatic plants, Polygonum senegalensis and Potamogeton crispus, and their antimicrobial activities against the isolated microorganisms were evaluated. Both plants showed potent antimicrobial activity. GC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts was performed for both plants. In Polygonum senegalense, the main chemical constituent was 2-butenoic acid, 2-methyl-, dodecahydro-8- hydroxy-8a-methyl-3,5-bis(methylene)-2-oxonaphtho[2,3- b]furan-4-y (27.05%) followed by 2-cyclohexylpiperidine (10.70%), 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-disilaphenalane (10.10%), psi,psi-carotene, 1,1',2,2'-tetrahydro-1,1'-dimethoxy- (8.50%), linoleic acid ethyl ester (6.57%) and l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate (5.30%). The main chemical constituents of methanolic extract of Potamogeton crispus were 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-succinic acid, bis-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl ester (32.70%), 2-thiazolamine, 4-(3,4- dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methyl- (15.90%), cucurbitacin B, dihydro- (8.30%) and 3-dimethylamino-2-(4-chlorphenyl)- thioacrylic acid, thiomorpholide(7.29%).","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89297609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100060
A. C. Omoto, L. Moraes, Geysson Javier Fern, E. Garcia, I. Vechetti-Júnior, M. Roscani, R. Carvalho, J. D. Gobbi
Background: Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a valvulopathy that causes volume overload to the heart leading to left ventricle dilation and eccentric hypertrophy. A common co-morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease is depression. We have previously shown that paroxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor widely prescribed as antidepressant, improves cardiac contractility by preserving fractional shortening (FS) of AR rat hearts. In failing hearts, decrease of the ability of the myocardium to generate an effective shortness velocity is well correlated with the shift of myosin isoform distribution from α to β- MyHC expression. In order to understand the molecular mechanism involved in the improvement of FS after paroxetine treatment, we verified the expression of genes involved in heart contractility and hypertrophy. Methods and Findings: Male Wistar rats were submitted to AR surgery, by retrograde puncture of the aortic valves leaflets, or sham surgery. Morphofunctional variables of the hearts were analyzed by echocardiograms at weeks 4 and 8 after the induction of AR. At week 8 the animals were euthanized for tissue collection and posterior analysis of gene expression by RTq-PCR. Paroxetine treatment for 4 weeks in AR rats reduced the gene expression of β-MyHC and its myomiRs (miR-208 and miR-499). BNP, a molecular biomarker of hypertrophy, also showed their gene expression reduction after paroxetine treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that paroxetine treatment improves FS in AR hearts through reductions in the expression of several genes involved with cardiac contractility and hypertrophy.
{"title":"Paroxetine Alters Cardiac Stress Markers in Rats with Aortic Regurgitation","authors":"A. C. Omoto, L. Moraes, Geysson Javier Fern, E. Garcia, I. Vechetti-Júnior, M. Roscani, R. Carvalho, J. D. Gobbi","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100060","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a valvulopathy that causes volume overload to the heart leading to left ventricle dilation and eccentric hypertrophy. A common co-morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease is depression. We have previously shown that paroxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor widely prescribed as antidepressant, improves cardiac contractility by preserving fractional shortening (FS) of AR rat hearts. In failing hearts, decrease of the ability of the myocardium to generate an effective shortness velocity is well correlated with the shift of myosin isoform distribution from α to β- MyHC expression. In order to understand the molecular mechanism involved in the improvement of FS after paroxetine treatment, we verified the expression of genes involved in heart contractility and hypertrophy. Methods and Findings: Male Wistar rats were submitted to AR surgery, by retrograde puncture of the aortic valves leaflets, or sham surgery. Morphofunctional variables of the hearts were analyzed by echocardiograms at weeks 4 and 8 after the induction of AR. At week 8 the animals were euthanized for tissue collection and posterior analysis of gene expression by RTq-PCR. Paroxetine treatment for 4 weeks in AR rats reduced the gene expression of β-MyHC and its myomiRs (miR-208 and miR-499). BNP, a molecular biomarker of hypertrophy, also showed their gene expression reduction after paroxetine treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that paroxetine treatment improves FS in AR hearts through reductions in the expression of several genes involved with cardiac contractility and hypertrophy.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"58 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77809784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100071
Onuoha Ou, O. Ku, Chukwu Ec
Acanthus montanus leaves in the eastern part of Nigeria has been used in treatment diseases. This work was designed to evaluate phytochemical constituents, hypolipidemic, hematological and body weight effects of Acanthus montanus extracts in male and female albino rats. GC-MS analysis showed eleven bioactive compounds. Ninety (90) albino rats of 45 male and 45 female rats were used for the study, divided into eighteen groups of five rats. Alphabets and figures were used to identify the male and female rats. Groups A and 1 received normal rat chow, Groups B and 2, C and 3 , D and 4, E and 5 received 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of aqueous extract of A. montanus leaves while groups F and 6, G and 7, H and 8, I and 9 received 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg , 600 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of methanol extract of A. montanus. Results showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in HDL, TG and cholesterol while HDL increased significantly (P<0.05). The hematological test showed no significant (P<0.05) difference in most test groups relative to control. The plant leaves may be helpful in managing heart related diseases.
{"title":"Phytochemical Profiling, Hypolipidemic, Haematological and Body Weight Effects of Acanthus Montanus Leaf Extracts in Male and Female Albino Rats","authors":"Onuoha Ou, O. Ku, Chukwu Ec","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100071","url":null,"abstract":"Acanthus montanus leaves in the eastern part of Nigeria has been used in treatment diseases. This work was designed to evaluate phytochemical constituents, hypolipidemic, hematological and body weight effects of Acanthus montanus extracts in male and female albino rats. GC-MS analysis showed eleven bioactive compounds. Ninety (90) albino rats of 45 male and 45 female rats were used for the study, divided into eighteen groups of five rats. Alphabets and figures were used to identify the male and female rats. Groups A and 1 received normal rat chow, Groups B and 2, C and 3 , D and 4, E and 5 received 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of aqueous extract of A. montanus leaves while groups F and 6, G and 7, H and 8, I and 9 received 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg , 600 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of methanol extract of A. montanus. Results showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in HDL, TG and cholesterol while HDL increased significantly (P<0.05). The hematological test showed no significant (P<0.05) difference in most test groups relative to control. The plant leaves may be helpful in managing heart related diseases.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79809554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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