Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100073
Akuru Ub, A. Ba, Abbey Bw
Proximate, amino acid and fatty acid composition of Eremomastax polysperma, Brillantaisia owariensis and Sorghum vulgare leaf-sheath was studied. The amino acid content was assayed using High performance liquid chromatograpy while the fatty acid content was assayed using gas chromatograpy. The results from this research, showed that the ash and protein content of Eremomastax polysperma (3.91 ± 0.01%; 3.80 ± 0.05%) was significantly higher than Sorghum vulgare (1.74 ± 0.03%; 1.21 ± 0.05%), and B. owariensis (3.39 ± 0.01%; 1.61 ± 0.01%) respectively. The total essential amino acid composition of Eremomastax polysperma (43.18g/100g) was higher than Brillantaisia owariensis (39.41g/100g) and S. vulgare (31.40g/100g), with lysine and cysteine concentration of B. owariensis (9.72; 9.45) been higher than E. polysperma (9.48;6.59g/ 100g) and S. vulgare (4.11 and 7.19g/100g). The total nonessential amino acid composition of Sorghum vulgare leafsheath (59.49g/100g ) was higher than Eremomastax polysperma (53.09g/100g) and Brillantaisia owariensis (53.82g/100g), with glutamate (14.69, 20.08 and 14.46g/ 100g) and aspartate (12.21, 13.22 and 10.64g/100g) having a higher concentration for E. polysperma, S. vulgare and B. owareinsis respectively. For the fatty acid composition, Sorghum vulgare leaf-sheath (17.51%) had a higher oleic acid concentration than Eremomastax polysperma (1.50%) and Brillantaisia owariensis (5.96%). Brillantaisia owariensis had a higher palmitic acid (35.30%) and behenic acid (14.17%) than Eremomastax polysperma (0.00% and 13.13%) and Sorghum vulgare leaf-sheath(25.96% and 12.21%) . Whereas Eremomastax polysperma had a higher myristic, magaric and linolenic acid concentration (45.91%; 20.27% and 10.45%) than Brillantaisia owariensis (37.23%; 0.36% and 0.00%) and Sorghum vulgare leaf-sheath (37.24%; 0.11% and 0.03%) respectively. The results obtained from this research implies that Eremomastax polysperma, Brillantaisia owariensis leaves and Sorghum vulgare leaf-sheath have nutritional benefits.
{"title":"Proximate, Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Composition of Eremomastax polysperma, Brillantaisia owariensis Leaves and Sorghum vulgare Leaf-Sheath","authors":"Akuru Ub, A. Ba, Abbey Bw","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100073","url":null,"abstract":"Proximate, amino acid and fatty acid composition of Eremomastax polysperma, Brillantaisia owariensis and Sorghum vulgare leaf-sheath was studied. The amino acid content was assayed using High performance liquid chromatograpy while the fatty acid content was assayed using gas chromatograpy. The results from this research, showed that the ash and protein content of Eremomastax polysperma (3.91 ± 0.01%; 3.80 ± 0.05%) was significantly higher than Sorghum vulgare (1.74 ± 0.03%; 1.21 ± 0.05%), and B. owariensis (3.39 ± 0.01%; 1.61 ± 0.01%) respectively. The total essential amino acid composition of Eremomastax polysperma (43.18g/100g) was higher than Brillantaisia owariensis (39.41g/100g) and S. vulgare (31.40g/100g), with lysine and cysteine concentration of B. owariensis (9.72; 9.45) been higher than E. polysperma (9.48;6.59g/ 100g) and S. vulgare (4.11 and 7.19g/100g). The total nonessential amino acid composition of Sorghum vulgare leafsheath (59.49g/100g ) was higher than Eremomastax polysperma (53.09g/100g) and Brillantaisia owariensis (53.82g/100g), with glutamate (14.69, 20.08 and 14.46g/ 100g) and aspartate (12.21, 13.22 and 10.64g/100g) having a higher concentration for E. polysperma, S. vulgare and B. owareinsis respectively. For the fatty acid composition, Sorghum vulgare leaf-sheath (17.51%) had a higher oleic acid concentration than Eremomastax polysperma (1.50%) and Brillantaisia owariensis (5.96%). Brillantaisia owariensis had a higher palmitic acid (35.30%) and behenic acid (14.17%) than Eremomastax polysperma (0.00% and 13.13%) and Sorghum vulgare leaf-sheath(25.96% and 12.21%) . Whereas Eremomastax polysperma had a higher myristic, magaric and linolenic acid concentration (45.91%; 20.27% and 10.45%) than Brillantaisia owariensis (37.23%; 0.36% and 0.00%) and Sorghum vulgare leaf-sheath (37.24%; 0.11% and 0.03%) respectively. The results obtained from this research implies that Eremomastax polysperma, Brillantaisia owariensis leaves and Sorghum vulgare leaf-sheath have nutritional benefits.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72949972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100051
Dhiraj Kumar, G. Sabnis, D. More, H. Shah, C. Lanjewar, P. Kerkar, R. Shriwastav, P. Vaideeshwar
Background: Sudden cardiac death is a catastrophic event which leads to loss of young and middle-aged population with dire consequences. Sometimes, a careful history, physical examination and most importantly electrocardiogram (ECG) can help in suspecting the common causes in young population like underlying channelopathies and cardiomyopathies which can further be diagnosed using echocardiography, cardiac MRI and in some cases genetic tests. Case summary: A 33-year-old male presented with sycope and ventricular tachycardia leading to death. This patient was diagnosed to have Arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) on post mortem pathological examination with features of fatty infiltration and thinning of right ventricular myocardium. Furthermore, on histologically fatty infiltration with inflammatory infiltrates were visualized. Discussion: Clinical awareness amongst physicians about cardiomyopathies especially ARVD with its subtle yet suggestive ECG changes is the need of the hour. ARVD is a rare disease and can be diagnosed with certainty by analyzing ECG and adding imaging to it. When diagnosed cases are treated appropriately, at least a few cases of sudden cardiac death can be averted.
{"title":"Catastrophic Sudden Cardiac Death. Are there Lessons to be Learnt","authors":"Dhiraj Kumar, G. Sabnis, D. More, H. Shah, C. Lanjewar, P. Kerkar, R. Shriwastav, P. Vaideeshwar","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100051","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sudden cardiac death is a catastrophic event which leads to loss of young and middle-aged population with dire consequences. Sometimes, a careful history, physical examination and most importantly electrocardiogram (ECG) can help in suspecting the common causes in young population like underlying channelopathies and cardiomyopathies which can further be diagnosed using echocardiography, cardiac MRI and in some cases genetic tests. Case summary: A 33-year-old male presented with sycope and ventricular tachycardia leading to death. This patient was diagnosed to have Arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) on post mortem pathological examination with features of fatty infiltration and thinning of right ventricular myocardium. Furthermore, on histologically fatty infiltration with inflammatory infiltrates were visualized. Discussion: Clinical awareness amongst physicians about cardiomyopathies especially ARVD with its subtle yet suggestive ECG changes is the need of the hour. ARVD is a rare disease and can be diagnosed with certainty by analyzing ECG and adding imaging to it. When diagnosed cases are treated appropriately, at least a few cases of sudden cardiac death can be averted.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80626934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100064
A. Hussain, Subhanullah, M. Ali, Waqar Ali, Muhammad Tariq, S. Muhammad, M. Khalil, Muhammad Owais Khan
Use of inorganic fertilizers have some problems to farmers in terms of high cost and short residual effect. Since use of organic fertilizers have a long residual effect but the nutrient requirement of crops is not fulfill in one season. So, using of combination of different organic manures can not only improve soil properties but also fulfill the nutrients requirement of crops. Therefore, a study was carried out aiming use of combinations of organic manures to improve maize yield and quality at the Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak District Nowshera, KP, Pakistan during Kharif 2016. Poultry Manure (PM) and Humic Acid (HA) combinations were used as treatments including T1=Control, T2=2.5 tons PM ha-1+5 kg HA ha-1, T3=5 tons PM ha-1+4 kg HA ha-1, T4=7.5 tons PM ha-1+3 kg HA ha-1, T5=10 tons PM ha-1+2 kg HA ha-1 and T6=12.5 tons PM ha-1+1 kg HA ha-1. A basic dose of NPK was applied at the rate of 60:40:30 kg N, P and K ha-1. The results showed that highest days number to tasseling (55) and to silking (56) were recorded when PM and HA were applied at the rate of 12.5 tons PM ha-1+1 kg HA ha-1 as compared with control plots. Highest plant height (185.33 cm), leaf area (411.26 cm2), cob length (17.0 cm), grains number cob-1 (413), grain yield (4783.3 kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (413 g) and stover yield (13197 kg ha-1) were produced when PM and HA were applied at the rate of 12.5 tons PM ha-1 and 1 kg HA ha-1 as compared with the control plots. It is recommended that use of HA and PM in blending not only improves crop yield but also has a long term residual effect and improve soil properties as well.
无机肥料的使用给农民带来了成本高、残效短的问题。由于施用有机肥的余效较长，但作物对养分的需求并不是一个季节就能满足的。因此，不同有机肥配施既能改善土壤性质，又能满足作物对养分的需求。因此，在2016年哈里夫期间，巴基斯坦KP诺谢拉Pirsabak区谷物作物研究所(CCRI)开展了一项旨在利用有机肥料组合提高玉米产量和质量的研究。采用禽粪(PM) +腐植酸(HA)组合处理，T1=对照，T2=2.5 t PM HA -1+5 kg HA -1, T3=5 t PM HA -1+4 kg HA -1, T4=7.5 t PM HA -1+3 kg HA -1, T5=10 t PM HA -1+2 kg HA -1, T6=12.5 t PM HA -1+1 kg HA -1。氮磷钾基本剂量按60:40:30 kg N、P、K ha-1施用。结果表明:与对照区相比，施用12.5 t PM hm -1+1 kg HA -1 PM和HA -1时，抽雄日数最高(55天)，出丝日数最高(56天);株高最高(185.33厘米),叶面积(411.26平方厘米),结实的长度(17.0厘米),谷物数量cob-1(413),粮食产量(4783.3公斤农业,1000粒重(413克)和干草产量(13197公斤农业生产点的速度和HA时是下午12.5吨和1公斤公顷农业与控制块。建议采用HA和PM混施不仅能提高作物产量，而且具有长期残留效应，能改善土壤性质。
{"title":"Impression of Disparate Levels of Poultry Manure and Humic Acid on the Yield and Yield Traits of Maize (Zea Mays L.)","authors":"A. Hussain, Subhanullah, M. Ali, Waqar Ali, Muhammad Tariq, S. Muhammad, M. Khalil, Muhammad Owais Khan","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100064","url":null,"abstract":"Use of inorganic fertilizers have some problems to farmers in terms of high cost and short residual effect. Since use of organic fertilizers have a long residual effect but the nutrient requirement of crops is not fulfill in one season. So, using of combination of different organic manures can not only improve soil properties but also fulfill the nutrients requirement of crops. Therefore, a study was carried out aiming use of combinations of organic manures to improve maize yield and quality at the Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak District Nowshera, KP, Pakistan during Kharif 2016. Poultry Manure (PM) and Humic Acid (HA) combinations were used as treatments including T1=Control, T2=2.5 tons PM ha-1+5 kg HA ha-1, T3=5 tons PM ha-1+4 kg HA ha-1, T4=7.5 tons PM ha-1+3 kg HA ha-1, T5=10 tons PM ha-1+2 kg HA ha-1 and T6=12.5 tons PM ha-1+1 kg HA ha-1. A basic dose of NPK was applied at the rate of 60:40:30 kg N, P and K ha-1. The results showed that highest days number to tasseling (55) and to silking (56) were recorded when PM and HA were applied at the rate of 12.5 tons PM ha-1+1 kg HA ha-1 as compared with control plots. Highest plant height (185.33 cm), leaf area (411.26 cm2), cob length (17.0 cm), grains number cob-1 (413), grain yield (4783.3 kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (413 g) and stover yield (13197 kg ha-1) were produced when PM and HA were applied at the rate of 12.5 tons PM ha-1 and 1 kg HA ha-1 as compared with the control plots. It is recommended that use of HA and PM in blending not only improves crop yield but also has a long term residual effect and improve soil properties as well.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"31 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82951561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100055
Sadia Salahuddin, Jabbar Khan, Hashaam Akhtar
Background: The strong association of transgender community with sex work has put them at a higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections. We, for the first time, attempted to investigate the prevalence of Epstein- Barr virus genotypes in transgender sex workers of Pakistan. Methods: Blood samples of 40 HIV-1 seropositive transgender sex workers were screened out for Epstein-Barr virus detection and genotyping by extracting genomic DNA from all whole blood samples. Blood samples of 46 HIV seronegative transgender sex workers were also characterized for comparison. Information regarding, age, number of sex partners, sexual habits, etc. were collected on study-designed pro forma. Β-globin and EBER-1 were amplified to assess the quality and presence of EBV DNA. Analysis of EBNA-2 genotyping was done by nested PCR. Results: Among HIV-seropositive TSW's, EBV genotype determination was found in 60% of cases, of which, 62.5% and 29.16% were EBV-1 and EBV-2 respectively, while a coinfection of 8% was also observed. Among HIV-negative individuals, 78% were EBV-1, whereas EBV-2 genotype and co-infections were absent. All non-typable samples were amplified for the EBER-1 gene in both populations, confirming EBV genome in the samples. Conclusion: EBV-1 was the most common genotype of EBV in both HIV seropositive and seronegative samples, while EBV-2 and co-infection were observed only in HIV seropositive individuals.
{"title":"Prevalence of Epstein - Barr virus Genotypes in Pakistani Transgender Sex Workers","authors":"Sadia Salahuddin, Jabbar Khan, Hashaam Akhtar","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100055","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The strong association of transgender community with sex work has put them at a higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections. We, for the first time, attempted to investigate the prevalence of Epstein- Barr virus genotypes in transgender sex workers of Pakistan. Methods: Blood samples of 40 HIV-1 seropositive transgender sex workers were screened out for Epstein-Barr virus detection and genotyping by extracting genomic DNA from all whole blood samples. Blood samples of 46 HIV seronegative transgender sex workers were also characterized for comparison. Information regarding, age, number of sex partners, sexual habits, etc. were collected on study-designed pro forma. Β-globin and EBER-1 were amplified to assess the quality and presence of EBV DNA. Analysis of EBNA-2 genotyping was done by nested PCR. Results: Among HIV-seropositive TSW's, EBV genotype determination was found in 60% of cases, of which, 62.5% and 29.16% were EBV-1 and EBV-2 respectively, while a coinfection of 8% was also observed. Among HIV-negative individuals, 78% were EBV-1, whereas EBV-2 genotype and co-infections were absent. All non-typable samples were amplified for the EBER-1 gene in both populations, confirming EBV genome in the samples. Conclusion: EBV-1 was the most common genotype of EBV in both HIV seropositive and seronegative samples, while EBV-2 and co-infection were observed only in HIV seropositive individuals.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88658305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100067
Sani Zm, A. Il, A. Sani
The study was focused on four selected commercial dyes widely used in urban Kano to re-dye fabrics. The dyes were defined by the colours, blue, red, orange and yellow. The aim was to assess and evaluate the concentration of dangerous metallic compounds in the dyes and subsequent toxicity of these compounds in experimental animals (brine shrimps, Artemia salina). The results showed that the concentration levels of cadmium, chromium, lead, copper and zinc varies among the dyes, however, the concentration exceeded permissible limits set by standard authorities such as FEPA (1991) and DOE (2008). The LC50 of the various dyes on the test animals indicated that the blue dye was the most toxic, followed by yellow, red and orange respectively. This finding highlights public health and environmental implication because of direct contact of these dyes with tissue systems of individuals involved in the re-dyeing activity, aquatic organisms, food and other route of administration. Therefore, the use dyes such as those found in this study should be restricted, as they are causing widespread contamination of some areas in urban Kano.
{"title":"Toxicity Evaluation of Selected Dyes Commonly used for Clothing Materials in Urban Kano, Nigeria","authors":"Sani Zm, A. Il, A. Sani","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100067","url":null,"abstract":"The study was focused on four selected commercial dyes widely used in urban Kano to re-dye fabrics. The dyes were defined by the colours, blue, red, orange and yellow. The aim was to assess and evaluate the concentration of dangerous metallic compounds in the dyes and subsequent toxicity of these compounds in experimental animals (brine shrimps, Artemia salina). The results showed that the concentration levels of cadmium, chromium, lead, copper and zinc varies among the dyes, however, the concentration exceeded permissible limits set by standard authorities such as FEPA (1991) and DOE (2008). The LC50 of the various dyes on the test animals indicated that the blue dye was the most toxic, followed by yellow, red and orange respectively. This finding highlights public health and environmental implication because of direct contact of these dyes with tissue systems of individuals involved in the re-dyeing activity, aquatic organisms, food and other route of administration. Therefore, the use dyes such as those found in this study should be restricted, as they are causing widespread contamination of some areas in urban Kano.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88999624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100050
B. Kanar, H. S. Kanar
Objective: Although the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying coronary slow flow (CSF) phenomenon still remains uncertain, the microvascular dysfunction has been first implicated. The CSF phenomenon may not only affect the coronary arteries but it may also be a part of vascular problem that affect other arteries. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between CSF phenomenon and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and to investigate the effect of short-term atorvastatin therapy on SFCT in patients with CSF. Methods: The study population consisted of 48 patients with CSF and 41 healthy control participants. Coronary flow patterns of the patients were determined by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count method. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurements of SFCT and lipid parameters were obtained before and after 2 weeks of daily single dose of 80 mg atorvastatin therapy. Results: We found that patients with CSF had thinner SFCT compared with control group. There was a significant negative correlation between mean TIMI frame count and baseline SFCT (r=-0.69, p=0.001). ROC curve analysis revealed that SFCT <259 m predicted CSF with a 85% sensitivity and 88% specificity. The SFCT significantly increased after the short-term atorvastatin therapy. Conclusion: There was a close negative correlation between CSF phenomenon and SFCT. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) and the resultant microvascular dysfunction might be operative on both coronary and ocular choriocapillary arteries in patients with CSF. Increase of SFCT after the short-term atorvastatin therapy might be an indicator of microvascular dysfunction improvement in patients with CSF.
{"title":"Relationship Between Angiographic Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon and Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness: What is The Effect of Atorvastatin Therapy?","authors":"B. Kanar, H. S. Kanar","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100050","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Although the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying coronary slow flow (CSF) phenomenon still remains uncertain, the microvascular dysfunction has been first implicated. The CSF phenomenon may not only affect the coronary arteries but it may also be a part of vascular problem that affect other arteries. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between CSF phenomenon and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and to investigate the effect of short-term atorvastatin therapy on SFCT in patients with CSF. Methods: The study population consisted of 48 patients with CSF and 41 healthy control participants. Coronary flow patterns of the patients were determined by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count method. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurements of SFCT and lipid parameters were obtained before and after 2 weeks of daily single dose of 80 mg atorvastatin therapy. Results: We found that patients with CSF had thinner SFCT compared with control group. There was a significant negative correlation between mean TIMI frame count and baseline SFCT (r=-0.69, p=0.001). ROC curve analysis revealed that SFCT <259 m predicted CSF with a 85% sensitivity and 88% specificity. The SFCT significantly increased after the short-term atorvastatin therapy. Conclusion: There was a close negative correlation between CSF phenomenon and SFCT. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) and the resultant microvascular dysfunction might be operative on both coronary and ocular choriocapillary arteries in patients with CSF. Increase of SFCT after the short-term atorvastatin therapy might be an indicator of microvascular dysfunction improvement in patients with CSF.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75904708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100077
Waqar Ali, M. Ali, Z. Ahmad, J. Iqbal, S. Anwar, Mohammad Hashim Khan, Abid Kamal
The rapid climate changes are imperative to evaluate and find ways that suite to maize-specific varieties either hybrids or varieties with appropriate sowing dates to avoid the critical growth stages from the stresses due to climate condition. Sowing at proper time and selection of good verity are the most important factor cropping system. A field experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture Research Farm during summer 2016 to evaluate the influence of sowing dates on varying maize varieties grown under the agro-climatic condition of Peshawar. The experiment was laid out in RCBD (randomized complete block design) were replicated three times with split plot arrangement. Sowing dates (10 June, 21 June, 1 July, 11 July, 22 July) were allotted to main plot and varieties (Iqbal, Azam, Jalal, Babar, SB-989, SB-909, SB-292, CS-200, CS-220, and W-888) were placed in the subplot. The subplot size was 5 m × 3 m. Experimental result showed that maximum days to tasseling (60), days to silking (65), tasseling and silking interval (6), plant height (185 cm), biological yield (21745 kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (413 g) grain yield (5162 kg ha-1) were observed in different sowing intervals. Among the different verities the maximum days to tasseling (57), days to silking (62), tasseling and silking interval (7). Plant height, (176 cm), biological yield (17279 kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (410 g), grain yield (5113 kg ha-1). It is concluded from the result that early sowing and tested variety W-888 give higher grain yield and yield traits of maize.
快速的气候变化是评估和寻找适合玉米特定品种的方法的必要条件，无论是杂交品种还是适当播期的品种，以避免气候条件造成的胁迫的关键生长阶段。适时播种和选择良种是种植制度中最重要的因素。2016年夏季，在白沙瓦农业气候条件下，在农业研究大学农场进行了一项田间试验，以评估播期对不同玉米品种生长的影响。试验采用RCBD(随机完全区组设计)，重复3次。播种日期分别为6月10日、6月21日、7月1日、7月11日和7月22日，播种品种为伊克巴尔、阿扎姆、贾拉勒、巴巴尔、SB-989、SB-909、SB-292、CS-200、CS-220和W-888。子样面积为5 m × 3 m。试验结果表明，不同播期水稻的最大抽雄天数(60天)、出丝天数(65天)、抽雄和出丝间隔(6天)、株高(185 cm)、生物产量(21745 kg ha-1)、千粒重(413 g)和籽粒产量(5162 kg ha-1)均有显著差异。不同品种的抽雄最长天数(57天)、出丝天数(62天)、抽雄和出丝间隔(7天)、株高(176 cm)、生物产量(17279 kg hm -1)、千粒重(410 g)、籽粒产量(5113 kg hm -1)。结果表明，早播和试验品种W-888具有较高的籽粒产量和产量性状。
{"title":"Influence of Sowing Dates on Varying Maize (Zea mays I.) Varieties Grown under Agro-Climatic Condition of Peshawar, Pakistan","authors":"Waqar Ali, M. Ali, Z. Ahmad, J. Iqbal, S. Anwar, Mohammad Hashim Khan, Abid Kamal","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100077","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid climate changes are imperative to evaluate and find ways that suite to maize-specific varieties either hybrids or varieties with appropriate sowing dates to avoid the critical growth stages from the stresses due to climate condition. Sowing at proper time and selection of good verity are the most important factor cropping system. A field experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture Research Farm during summer 2016 to evaluate the influence of sowing dates on varying maize varieties grown under the agro-climatic condition of Peshawar. The experiment was laid out in RCBD (randomized complete block design) were replicated three times with split plot arrangement. Sowing dates (10 June, 21 June, 1 July, 11 July, 22 July) were allotted to main plot and varieties (Iqbal, Azam, Jalal, Babar, SB-989, SB-909, SB-292, CS-200, CS-220, and W-888) were placed in the subplot. The subplot size was 5 m × 3 m. Experimental result showed that maximum days to tasseling (60), days to silking (65), tasseling and silking interval (6), plant height (185 cm), biological yield (21745 kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (413 g) grain yield (5162 kg ha-1) were observed in different sowing intervals. Among the different verities the maximum days to tasseling (57), days to silking (62), tasseling and silking interval (7). Plant height, (176 cm), biological yield (17279 kg ha-1), 1000 grain weight (410 g), grain yield (5113 kg ha-1). It is concluded from the result that early sowing and tested variety W-888 give higher grain yield and yield traits of maize.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86673858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100061
A. Helen, Ologundudu Akinbode Foluso, Fasidi Olutayo
Solanum nigrum L; black nightshade has been extensively used in traditional medicine to cure liver disorders, chronic skin ailments, inflammatory, menstrual pain, fever etc. This study was conducted to provide the most effective means of propagating S. nigrum and to evaluate the effect of light and shade on the S. nigrum seedling. Seeds, branches and stem cuttings are the treatments for the experiment, denoted as T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Thirty (30) seeds, branches and stem cuttings each were planted in 90 perforated polythene bags respectively, arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and replicated three times. The parameters assessed at maturity include; number of leaves, number of fruits, number of branches, shoot length, plant height, leaf area. Chlorophyll content, fresh leaf weight, fresh fruit weight, dry leaf weight, dry fruit weight, dry root weight, fresh root weight, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight were evaluated on the seedling subjected to light and shade. The result showed that the growth parameters determined were significantly higher at (p ≤ 0.05) in plants propagated by stems than those propagated by branches and seeds. Plants grown under light regime displayed the highest weight and chlorophyll content than those plants under shade regime. It can therefore be concluded that S. nigrum should be propagated by stem and also, the vegetable is a light lovingplant.
{"title":"Propagation of Black Nightshade (Solanum Nigrum L.): Effect of Light and Shade","authors":"A. Helen, Ologundudu Akinbode Foluso, Fasidi Olutayo","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100061","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum nigrum L; black nightshade has been extensively used in traditional medicine to cure liver disorders, chronic skin ailments, inflammatory, menstrual pain, fever etc. This study was conducted to provide the most effective means of propagating S. nigrum and to evaluate the effect of light and shade on the S. nigrum seedling. Seeds, branches and stem cuttings are the treatments for the experiment, denoted as T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Thirty (30) seeds, branches and stem cuttings each were planted in 90 perforated polythene bags respectively, arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and replicated three times. The parameters assessed at maturity include; number of leaves, number of fruits, number of branches, shoot length, plant height, leaf area. Chlorophyll content, fresh leaf weight, fresh fruit weight, dry leaf weight, dry fruit weight, dry root weight, fresh root weight, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight were evaluated on the seedling subjected to light and shade. The result showed that the growth parameters determined were significantly higher at (p ≤ 0.05) in plants propagated by stems than those propagated by branches and seeds. Plants grown under light regime displayed the highest weight and chlorophyll content than those plants under shade regime. It can therefore be concluded that S. nigrum should be propagated by stem and also, the vegetable is a light lovingplant.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79920557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100068
S. K, H. Km
The current research article deals with anti–angiogenesis study between allicin nano particle and normal allicin from Garlic (Allium sativum L). Since last year’s Garlic has been used for treating various purposes and its consumption is said to reduce health risk and its organosulfur components effectively block cancer cell growth. Allicin is the major biologically active organo sulfur compound present in garlic. In-vitro anti angiogenesis assay was carried out and significant activity of Nano allicin found for the cancer treatment. Cinnamaldehyde was used as positive control and found that allicin nano particle process more antiangiogenesis activity than the normal allicin.
{"title":"Comparative Anti-Angiogenesis Study between Allicin Nanoparticle and Normal Allicin from Garlic (Allium Sativum Linn)","authors":"S. K, H. Km","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100068","url":null,"abstract":"The current research article deals with anti–angiogenesis study between allicin nano particle and normal allicin from Garlic (Allium sativum L). Since last year’s Garlic has been used for treating various purposes and its consumption is said to reduce health risk and its organosulfur components effectively block cancer cell growth. Allicin is the major biologically active organo sulfur compound present in garlic. In-vitro anti angiogenesis assay was carried out and significant activity of Nano allicin found for the cancer treatment. Cinnamaldehyde was used as positive control and found that allicin nano particle process more antiangiogenesis activity than the normal allicin.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76731998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100056
Ryan D. Francis, P. Bahado-Singh, A. Smith, A. Wheatley, H. Asemota
Background: Fruits and vegetables, for their complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber and micronutrients, should form an essential part of every diet. In order to give good dietary advice to diabetic patients, it is necessary to know the glycemic index of foods commonly consumed locally. The objective of this study was to determine the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of commonly available and consumed June plum (Spondias dulcis), Otaheite apple (Syzygium malaccense), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in Jamaica. Methods: Ten (10) healthy Jamaican subjects (5 males, 5 females) with mean age 30 ± 2 years and mean BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2 were recruited to the study. Using a non-blind, crossover design trial, the subjects consumed 50 (or 25) grams of available carbohydrate portions of glucose (standard food) and test foods after an overnight fast. Their serum glucose levels were then determined at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the consumption of each test food. Glucose was tested on three separate occasions, and the test foods once. The GI value was calculated geometrically by expressing the incremental area under the blood glucose curve (IAUC) for the test foods as a percentage of each subject's average IAUC for the standard food. Results: The results indicated that the IAUC for Pineapple (96 ± 15) and Otaheite apple (122 ± 29) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of June plum (23 ± 6) and Cucumber (40 ± 14). Similarly the GI of Pineapple (80 ± 20) and Otaheite apple (64 ± 15) were significantly higher than June plum (13 ± 5) and Cucumber (21 ± 6). Conclusion: June plum, Cucumber, were shown to have low glycemic index values, whereas Otaheite apple was intermediate and Pineapple high.
{"title":"Glycemic Index of Some Traditional Fruits in Jamaica","authors":"Ryan D. Francis, P. Bahado-Singh, A. Smith, A. Wheatley, H. Asemota","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100056","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fruits and vegetables, for their complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber and micronutrients, should form an essential part of every diet. In order to give good dietary advice to diabetic patients, it is necessary to know the glycemic index of foods commonly consumed locally. The objective of this study was to determine the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of commonly available and consumed June plum (Spondias dulcis), Otaheite apple (Syzygium malaccense), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) in Jamaica. Methods: Ten (10) healthy Jamaican subjects (5 males, 5 females) with mean age 30 ± 2 years and mean BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2 were recruited to the study. Using a non-blind, crossover design trial, the subjects consumed 50 (or 25) grams of available carbohydrate portions of glucose (standard food) and test foods after an overnight fast. Their serum glucose levels were then determined at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the consumption of each test food. Glucose was tested on three separate occasions, and the test foods once. The GI value was calculated geometrically by expressing the incremental area under the blood glucose curve (IAUC) for the test foods as a percentage of each subject's average IAUC for the standard food. Results: The results indicated that the IAUC for Pineapple (96 ± 15) and Otaheite apple (122 ± 29) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of June plum (23 ± 6) and Cucumber (40 ± 14). Similarly the GI of Pineapple (80 ± 20) and Otaheite apple (64 ± 15) were significantly higher than June plum (13 ± 5) and Cucumber (21 ± 6). Conclusion: June plum, Cucumber, were shown to have low glycemic index values, whereas Otaheite apple was intermediate and Pineapple high.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73132352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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