Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100002
Abdullahi M Mohammed, O. Umeozor, T. Gbarakoro
The effect of two herbicides, Glyphosate and Multrazine on the abundance and diversity of soil microarthropods (Mites and Collembolans) was assessed in a field experiment conducted from August to December, 2011 at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The herbicides were applied at varying doses of low (1.4 ml/m2 active ingredient; a.i, standard (2.8 ml/m2 a.i) and high (5.6 ml/m2 a.i) for Glyphosate; and low (2.1 ml/m2 a.i), standard (4.2 ml/m2 a.i) and high (8.4 ml/m2 a.i) for Multrazine; and control was included. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with six replicates arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Moist soil samples were randomly collected from treated and control plots at the depths of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm, and 15-20 cm, with an 8.5 cm2 diameter bucket-type auger. A total of 1080 soil microarthropods comprising of 931 mites and 149 Collembola were recorded. Oribatid mites were the dominant group being present at each sampling period. Total soil micro arthropods collected were 554 Oribatid mites, 377 Mesostigmata and 149 Collembola. The highest number of soil micro arthropods was recorded from the control treatment although this was not significantly different from the numbers recorded from low and standard doses of Glyphosate. All the three levels of Multrazine treatments significantly reduced the population of micro arthropods compared with all the three levels of Glyphosate. Both herbicides completely eliminated Collembola from the treated plots. In all the treatments, fewer soil micro arthropods were recorded as soil depth increased.
{"title":"The Effects of Glyphosate and Multrazine on the Abundance and Diversity of Soil Microarthropods at the University Park, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Abdullahi M Mohammed, O. Umeozor, T. Gbarakoro","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100002","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of two herbicides, Glyphosate and Multrazine on the abundance and diversity of soil microarthropods (Mites and Collembolans) was assessed in a field experiment conducted from August to December, 2011 at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The herbicides were applied at varying doses of low (1.4 ml/m2 active ingredient; a.i, standard (2.8 ml/m2 a.i) and high (5.6 ml/m2 a.i) for Glyphosate; and low (2.1 ml/m2 a.i), standard (4.2 ml/m2 a.i) and high (8.4 ml/m2 a.i) for Multrazine; and control was included. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with six replicates arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Moist soil samples were randomly collected from treated and control plots at the depths of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm, and 15-20 cm, with an 8.5 cm2 diameter bucket-type auger. A total of 1080 soil microarthropods comprising of 931 mites and 149 Collembola were recorded. Oribatid mites were the dominant group being present at each sampling period. Total soil micro arthropods collected were 554 Oribatid mites, 377 Mesostigmata and 149 Collembola. The highest number of soil micro arthropods was recorded from the control treatment although this was not significantly different from the numbers recorded from low and standard doses of Glyphosate. All the three levels of Multrazine treatments significantly reduced the population of micro arthropods compared with all the three levels of Glyphosate. Both herbicides completely eliminated Collembola from the treated plots. In all the treatments, fewer soil micro arthropods were recorded as soil depth increased.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74179836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100007
Adewale Ay, Adeshina I, Yusuf Oy
This study examined the use of O. gratissimum oil as anesthetic in O. niloticus juveniles. Ten fish with average weight (36.0 ± 1.6 g) were allocated to five rectangular tanks (50 × 34 × 27 cm) containing 35 litres using completely randomized design in triplicates and a control. The experimental treatment (dose) were prepared using 1:20 of extract oil and ethanol in five concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/l) and exposed for twenty minutes before transferred in to recovery tanks. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan multiple range test to separate the means and regression analysis. The results show that concentration of 100 mg/l anesthetized highest number of fish (10.00 ± 0.00) while the least was observed in 20 mg/l (1.67 ± 1.53) within three minutes. Fastest recovery was observed in fish anesthetized with the 20 mg/l of oil while 100mg/l had the least mean recovered fish (1.00 ± 1.00) within three minutes. There are relationships among induction time (R2=0.892), concentration of oil and recovery time (R2=0.905). However, 60 mg/l is considered adequate for the anesthetic of O. niloticus.
{"title":"Anaesthetic Effect of Ocimum gratissimum Extract on Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles","authors":"Adewale Ay, Adeshina I, Yusuf Oy","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100007","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the use of O. gratissimum oil as anesthetic in O. niloticus juveniles. Ten fish with average weight (36.0 ± 1.6 g) were allocated to five rectangular tanks (50 × 34 × 27 cm) containing 35 litres using completely randomized design in triplicates and a control. The experimental treatment (dose) were prepared using 1:20 of extract oil and ethanol in five concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/l) and exposed for twenty minutes before transferred in to recovery tanks. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan multiple range test to separate the means and regression analysis. The results show that concentration of 100 mg/l anesthetized highest number of fish (10.00 ± 0.00) while the least was observed in 20 mg/l (1.67 ± 1.53) within three minutes. Fastest recovery was observed in fish anesthetized with the 20 mg/l of oil while 100mg/l had the least mean recovered fish (1.00 ± 1.00) within three minutes. There are relationships among induction time (R2=0.892), concentration of oil and recovery time (R2=0.905). However, 60 mg/l is considered adequate for the anesthetic of O. niloticus.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80827954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100024
Valiollah Gerayeli Malek, A. Abbasian, M. Karimi, N. Khanlarkhani, S. Parvari
Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder and a considerable economic burden in industrialized countries. A large number of patients with LBP use complementary and alternative medicine for relief of their pain. Finding effective and suitable therapy is vital for these patients, clinicians and policy makers. Numerous herbal medications have been applied in treatment of LBP. The efficiency of these herbal medicines for the treatment of LBP is not without dispute; therefore, this review was conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the five most widely used traditional therapies for the management of LBP.
{"title":"5 Medicinal Plants Used in Iranian Traditional Medicine for Low Back Pain: A Quick Review","authors":"Valiollah Gerayeli Malek, A. Abbasian, M. Karimi, N. Khanlarkhani, S. Parvari","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100024","url":null,"abstract":"Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder and a considerable economic burden in industrialized countries. A large number of patients with LBP use complementary and alternative medicine for relief of their pain. Finding effective and suitable therapy is vital for these patients, clinicians and policy makers. Numerous herbal medications have been applied in treatment of LBP. The efficiency of these herbal medicines for the treatment of LBP is not without dispute; therefore, this review was conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the five most widely used traditional therapies for the management of LBP.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90861096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100022
Ebrahim Oumer, Solomon Tsegaye, Ashenafi Damtew, A. Feleke
The present cross sectional study was conducted to assess hygienic practices and determination of bacterial load of milk when directly milked from the udder and from the collecting bucket at the farm level in selected smallholder of Mersa town; from November 2016 to May 2017. A total of 120 respondents were interviewed and 60 milk samples were collected for laboratory analysis to assess bacterial load. Aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts (AMBC) and coliform counts (CC) were conducted on milk samples. Results showed that, majority of small-dairy holders were males, managing their cattle in unclean environments and practicing extensive grazing system on communal grazing area. The mean aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts of raw milk samples analyzed were 5.81 log10 cfu/ml (udder), 8.01 log10 cfu/ml (bucket) The mean coliform counts were 3.7 log10 cfu/ml (udder), 5.15 log10 cfu/ml (bucket) and the increment of both counts at the milk bucket was observed statistically significant (P=0.000) and there was no significant variation between kebeles (P=0.921) for aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts and (P=0.715) for coliform count. According to international standards of raw milk quality, both of the above counts found to have values above the upper limits. Milk produced by the selected small-holder dairy cow owners in Mersa town were of poor quality and can be a potential source of milk-borne infections.
{"title":"Hygienic Practices and Bacteriological Quality of Cow Raw Milk from Selected Smallholder Dairy Farms of Mersa Town, North Wollo, Ethiopia","authors":"Ebrahim Oumer, Solomon Tsegaye, Ashenafi Damtew, A. Feleke","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100022","url":null,"abstract":"The present cross sectional study was conducted to assess hygienic practices and determination of bacterial load of milk when directly milked from the udder and from the collecting bucket at the farm level in selected smallholder of Mersa town; from November 2016 to May 2017. A total of 120 respondents were interviewed and 60 milk samples were collected for laboratory analysis to assess bacterial load. Aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts (AMBC) and coliform counts (CC) were conducted on milk samples. Results showed that, majority of small-dairy holders were males, managing their cattle in unclean environments and practicing extensive grazing system on communal grazing area. The mean aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts of raw milk samples analyzed were 5.81 log10 cfu/ml (udder), 8.01 log10 cfu/ml (bucket) The mean coliform counts were 3.7 log10 cfu/ml (udder), 5.15 log10 cfu/ml (bucket) and the increment of both counts at the milk bucket was observed statistically significant (P=0.000) and there was no significant variation between kebeles (P=0.921) for aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts and (P=0.715) for coliform count. According to international standards of raw milk quality, both of the above counts found to have values above the upper limits. Milk produced by the selected small-holder dairy cow owners in Mersa town were of poor quality and can be a potential source of milk-borne infections.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81539183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For many years, pseudorabies has been efficiently controlled in China by vaccination. However, a sudden outbreak occurred on many pig farms during 2012-2013. In this study, phylogenetic analysis was carried out with the aim of understanding the genetic relatedness between strains in both populations and comparing strains in China with those circulating in other countries. To obtain more pathogenetic relevant data regarding two pseudorabies virus (PRV) isolates (SH2010 and SH2012) in sheep, we evaluated samples of PRV isolated in Shanghai, China between 2010 and 2012. Based on clinical signs, body temperature variation, and the maximum amounts of viral DNA in unvaccinated/infected sheep, the emerging PRV variant strain, SH2012 was observed to be more highly virulent than the traditional PRV SH2010 strain. The data of the present study will aid in a better understanding of the differences in pathogenicity between the traditional PRV SH2010 strain and the emerging PRV variant strain SH2012.
{"title":"Experimental Infection of Sheep With Pseudorabies Viruses Isolated In Shanghai, China, Between 2010 and 2012","authors":"Houbin Ju, Dequan Yang, Jian Wang, Peihong Liu, Xinyong Qi, Jian Liu, Xianchao Yang, B. Deng, Fei-Fei Ge, Xiujuan Wu, Xin Li, Kaihang Li, Jinping Zhou","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100030","url":null,"abstract":"For many years, pseudorabies has been efficiently controlled in China by vaccination. However, a sudden outbreak occurred on many pig farms during 2012-2013. In this study, phylogenetic analysis was carried out with the aim of understanding the genetic relatedness between strains in both populations and comparing strains in China with those circulating in other countries. To obtain more pathogenetic relevant data regarding two pseudorabies virus (PRV) isolates (SH2010 and SH2012) in sheep, we evaluated samples of PRV isolated in Shanghai, China between 2010 and 2012. Based on clinical signs, body temperature variation, and the maximum amounts of viral DNA in unvaccinated/infected sheep, the emerging PRV variant strain, SH2012 was observed to be more highly virulent than the traditional PRV SH2010 strain. The data of the present study will aid in a better understanding of the differences in pathogenicity between the traditional PRV SH2010 strain and the emerging PRV variant strain SH2012.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81452151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-20DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215-C1-003
M. Kurosu
{"title":"Discovery of WecA inhibitors for development of new TB drugs for dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections","authors":"M. Kurosu","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215-C1-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215-C1-003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72735376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21767/2248-9215.100035
Afrim Zeqiraj, Zafer Gashi, Sadi Bexheti, S. Elezaj, S. Berisha, A. Shabani
In this paper will be studied the causes that can cause overweight in men, and the disorder of hormone production from endocrine glands, as well as the influence of obesity in infertility. Purpose of the work, it is to determine the degree of male infertility by overweight men. The work was done in the region of Peja, in the Republic of Kosovo. Materials and methods, the sampling was done in March 2015-March 2017 in the Biolab-Zafi endocrinology laboratory in Peja, Republic of Kosovo. Our results show a significant increase in male infertility rates with BMI 29.97 ± 3.22, compared with men with BMI 23.52 ± 2.0 (p<0.00001). We also found a significant increase in working group rates with FSH 7.99 ± 8.21, compared to control group FSH 4.72 ± 2.63 (p<0.008). We also found a significant increase in working group rates with LH 5.06 ± 2.74, compared to control group LH 3.79 ± 1.99 (p<0.002). We also found a significant increase in working group rates with Prolactin 17.37 ± 7.66, compared to control group Prolacitn 13.05 ± 4.8 (p<0.00004). We also found a significant increase in working group rates with Testosterone 4.16 ± 1.88, compared to control group Testosterone 5.79 ± 1.48 (p<0.005). Conclusion, the results from this study show that obesity in our country, the Republic of Kosovo, is a growing problem in the development of public health, and is an important risk factor for the appearance of male infertility. The effects of BMI growth tend to increase the risk of DNA damage in ejaculates, increase in hormone levels (FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone), decrease sperm parameters (decrease in number, decrease in movement), oxidative stress, Risk of hypertension, cardiac disorders, diabetes and other chronic disorders.
{"title":"Obesity and Male Infertility in The Dukagjin Region in Republic of Kosovo","authors":"Afrim Zeqiraj, Zafer Gashi, Sadi Bexheti, S. Elezaj, S. Berisha, A. Shabani","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100035","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper will be studied the causes that can cause \u0000 overweight in men, and the disorder of hormone \u0000 production from endocrine glands, as well as the influence \u0000 of obesity in infertility. Purpose of the work, it is to \u0000 determine the degree of male infertility by overweight men. \u0000 The work was done in the region of Peja, in the Republic of \u0000 Kosovo. Materials and methods, the sampling was done in \u0000 March 2015-March 2017 in the Biolab-Zafi endocrinology \u0000 laboratory in Peja, Republic of Kosovo. Our results show a \u0000 significant increase in male infertility rates with BMI 29.97 ± \u0000 3.22, compared with men with BMI 23.52 ± 2.0 (p<0.00001). \u0000 We also found a significant increase in working group rates \u0000 with FSH 7.99 ± 8.21, compared to control group FSH 4.72 ± \u0000 2.63 (p<0.008). We also found a significant increase in \u0000 working group rates with LH 5.06 ± 2.74, compared to \u0000 control group LH 3.79 ± 1.99 (p<0.002). We also found a \u0000 significant increase in working group rates with Prolactin \u0000 17.37 ± 7.66, compared to control group Prolacitn 13.05 ± \u0000 4.8 (p<0.00004). We also found a significant increase in \u0000 working group rates with Testosterone 4.16 ± 1.88, \u0000 compared to control group Testosterone 5.79 ± 1.48 \u0000 (p<0.005). Conclusion, the results from this study show that \u0000 obesity in our country, the Republic of Kosovo, is a growing \u0000 problem in the development of public health, and is an \u0000 important risk factor for the appearance of male infertility. \u0000 The effects of BMI growth tend to increase the risk of DNA \u0000 damage in ejaculates, increase in hormone levels (FSH, LH, \u0000 prolactin, testosterone), decrease sperm parameters \u0000 (decrease in number, decrease in movement), oxidative \u0000 stress, Risk of hypertension, cardiac disorders, diabetes and \u0000 other chronic disorders.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87563321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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